[Congressional Record Volume 167, Number 73 (Wednesday, April 28, 2021)]
[Senate]
[Pages S2257-S2266]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                          LEGISLATIVE SESSION

                                 ______
                                 

  PROVIDING FOR CONGRESSIONAL DISAPPROVAL UNDER CHAPTER 8 OF TITLE 5, 
    UNITED STATES CODE, OF THE RULE SUBMITTED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL 
 PROTECTION AGENCY RELATING TO ``OIL AND NATURAL GAS SECTOR: EMISSION 
    STANDARDS FOR NEW, RECONSTRUCTED, AND MODIFIED SOURCES REVIEW''

  Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I move to proceed to Calendar No. 48, 
S.J. Res. 14, the methane CRA.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to the 
motion.
  The motion was agreed to.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will report the joint 
resolution, S.J. Res. 14.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

       Motion to proceed to Calendar No. 48, S.J. Res. 14, 
     providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of 
     title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the 
     Environmental Protection Agency relating to ``Oil and Natural 
     Gas Sector: Emission Standards for New, Reconstructed, and 
     Modified Sources Review.''

  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the provisions of title 5, 
U.S.C., chapter 802, there will now be up to 10 hours of debate, 
equally divided.
  The majority leader.
  Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, at the start of the year, the Senate 
Democrats pledged that one of our top priorities would be tackling 
climate change. I directed all of our incoming committee chairs to hold 
hearings and prepare legislation on the climate crisis. I promised that 
any infrastructure bill would be green and focused on creating the 
green jobs of the future. Both of these efforts, I am happy to report, 
are well under way.
  And, today, as we approach the 100-day mark of this new Congress, the 
Senate will take the first major step in combating climate change on 
the Senate floor, by reinstating safeguards against methane emissions.
  Specifically, today's vote will use the Congressional Review Act to 
reimpose commonsense regulations against methane leaks from the oil and 
gas industry, from production and processing to transmission and 
storage.
  And let me note that this would be the first time that the Senate 
Democratic majority has used the Congressional Review Act. It is no 
mistake that we have chosen to use the law first on the subject of 
climate change.

  Under this Democratic majority, the Senate will be a place where we 
take decisive, ambitious, and effective action against climate change. 
And this CRA, the reinstatement of the rule dealing with methane 
emissions, will be the most significant act that the

[[Page S2258]]

Senate has taken on climate change in more than a decade--and maybe 
several decades. This measure will help us address the climate crisis 
in a very serious way.
  Methane doesn't get as much attention as CO2, carbon 
dioxide, but it packs a bigger punch. Over 20 years, a ton of methane 
warms the atmosphere 86 times more than carbon dioxide. Thankfully, 
methane degrades faster in our atmosphere, and curbing methane 
emissions is relatively cheap.
  So when it comes to global warming, tackling methane delivers a huge 
bang for your buck. Even a little bit of methane reduction goes a long 
way, and it moves far more quickly than carbon dioxide reduction. So as 
we move on this bill, which will have its effect on global warming 
within a year, it gives us some time, although we don't have much, to 
deal with the longer term and even more difficult issues of carbon 
dioxide.
  That is why President Obama put the rules in place nearly 6 years 
ago. And at the time, amazingly enough, even the oil and gas industry 
welcomed them. Industry doesn't want leaks in their pipelines and 
production any more than we do.
  But President Trump, inexplicably, did away with these safeguards 
last September. It seems he does these things out of pique, mindlessly 
opposing something just because his predecessor, Barack Obama, did it. 
It is very possible that the President didn't even understand what he 
was doing. But he so often acted out of anger and vindictiveness, not 
out of what was good for the country, that he ended up doing this.
  I am greatly looking forward to righting that wrong today, hopefully, 
in a bipartisan fashion. We have at least one Republican Senator who 
has joined us, and I hope that many more will follow suit. If the 
leaders of the oil and gas industry are for this, how could our 
Republican friends not vote for it? I won't speculate on the reasons, 
but none of them are good.
  I want to commend my colleagues who have been leaders on this issue: 
Senator Heinrich, Senator King, Senator Markey. President Biden has 
challenged the United States to cut its greenhouse gas emissions in 
half by 2030. The best way to achieve this ambitious goal is through 
bold action by this Congress, through legislation to reduce greenhouse 
pollution while creating millions of jobs and economic prosperity in 
the new clean energy economy.
  This is the first and a large step in that direction. We have many 
more steps we must take, of course. The Senate begins the important 
work of dealing with the climate crisis today by passing these very, 
very significant, commonsense rules on methane.


                         American Families Plan

  Mr. President, now on a different matter, this morning, President 
Biden unveiled landmark legislation designed to give American families 
a better chance to succeed in the 21st century economy, combining 
investments in education, childcare, and workforce training.
  The American Families Plan, as it is called, makes exactly the types 
of investment our country should have been making for a very long time. 
In many of these areas, the United States has lagged well behind other 
developed countries. Governments throughout Europe dedicate a 
significantly higher portion of their GDP to workforce retraining and 
offer more flexible family leave policies.
  Some say these kinds of policies are not infrastructure, but they 
very much are. Childcare is a necessity in the 21st century, and a lack 
of access to childcare can be a throttle on future economic growth 
because it affects millions of American families.
  As technology and automation replace jobs in certain sectors of the 
economy, workforce training is a must. Giving our children a head start 
earlier in life with pre-K education has benefits that span a child's 
entire life and so will affect our country positively for decades to 
come, economically, socially, and in renewing the American spirit, 
which is so important to our future.
  These things are just as important. The kinds of policies that deal 
with human infrastructure are just as important as roads and bridges, 
which, of course, are, no doubt, important in their own right. This is 
not an either/or--human infrastructure or brick-and-mortar structure. 
We must say yes to both. We don't want to choose one versus the other. 
That is like choosing between children, both of whom we love.
  In the modern world, we need both infrastructure that matches a 21st 
century economy and human infrastructure that allows our workers and 
families to succeed in it. So I applaud President Biden for putting 
this plan together. It is just the right approach.
  I would add one final comment here. All of our Republican 
colleagues--every single one--regrettably, chose to oppose the American 
Rescue Plan, despite the fact that a majority of Republican voters 
approved of the legislation. There seems to be a huge dichotomy between 
Republicans in Washington and Republicans in the rest of the country 
who approve of many of the policies in President Biden's plans.
  Republicans in the rest of the country approved of the checks and 
investing in vaccines, and they approve of investing in infrastructure. 
I suspect many of these policies in the American Families Plan will get 
high marks as well. Childcare is popular. Early pre-K is popular. Early 
school-hood training is popular. Free community college is popular. The 
list goes on.
  Will our Republican colleagues start to listen to their constituents 
as well as the rest of the country, or are they still the party of 
Donald Trump, a party that opposes the other side at all costs? That is 
no good for America; that is no good for bipartisanship; and it is not 
even good for the Republican Party's future


                             First 100 Days

  Mr. President, now, tonight President Biden will address a joint 
session of Congress to mark the progress of our first 100 days and talk 
about where we, as a country, still need to go. I expect President 
Biden, unlike his predecessor, will lay out the facts and appeal to our 
better angels. That is what he has been doing over these past 100 days: 
restoring respective, truthful, and responsive government.
  Almost as important is what President Biden is not doing. President 
Biden is not constantly stoking division, outrage, and racial animus. 
He doesn't fan the flames of every single culture war. He doesn't seek 
to personally dominate every single news cycle. He doesn't insult, 
degrade, or constantly lie. And it matters.
  Newspapers are littered with firsthand accounts of Americans who feel 
they can finally sleep at night without worrying about what new 
scandal, outrage, or unhinged tweet the next morning would bring. As 
one Republican operative put it recently, ``Now there's a sense of 
relief. Imagine there's a car alarm that's been going off for a long 
time and suddenly it's quiet.''
  Politics is an important part of American life, but it is not meant 
to be all-consuming. It is not supposed to keep average citizens up at 
night. Politics is supposed to be where we come together to solve our 
differences amicably, not an arena of endless partisan warfare or a 
bottomless pit of chaos.
  So as President Biden prepares to address the Nation tonight, it is 
worth noting that, as much as we have accomplished in the first 100 
days, the contrast in style, tone, and effectiveness between President 
Biden and President Trump is important too.
  As we seek to repair the wounds left by January 6, as we seek to 
restore faith in government and in our democracy, it is important--so 
important--to have political leaders who act with dignity, honor, and 
have fidelity to the truth.
  I yield the floor.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from New Mexico.


                   Recognition Of The Minority Leader

  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Republican leader is 
recognized.
  Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, tonight President Biden will deliver 
his first address to a joint session of Congress. I will be there, and, 
like my fellow Kentuckians watching at home, I will be curious to hear 
how President Biden tries to square his rhetoric with the 
administration's actions over the past 100 days.
  Back in January, many Americans hoped they could take the incoming 
President at his word. After a year spent beating back a historic 
pandemic

[[Page S2259]]

and grappling with civil unrest, President Biden pledged he would be 
``a President for all Americans,'' with plans to ``repair,'' 
``restore,'' and ``heal.''
  The American people elected a 50-50 Senate, a closely divided House, 
and a President who preached moderation. He promised that his whole 
soul was committed to uniting our people. Many hoped his administration 
would reflect that promise, but the first 100 days have left much to be 
desired.
  Over a few short months, the Biden administration seems to have given 
up on selling actual unity in favor of catnip for their liberal base, 
covered with a hefty coat of false advertising.
  That is how the so-called American Rescue Plan, a grab-bag spending 
bill that directed less than 10 percent to vaccines and pandemic 
healthcare, was marketed as a COVID-19 relief measure. In actuality, it 
sent sums of money to State governments whose revenues had already 
rebounded and declared war on the formerly bipartisan consensus that 
welfare spending should actually be linked to work.
  Or take H.R. 1, the sweeping effort by Democrats to mount a partisan 
takeover of all 50 States' voting laws, along with the Federal Election 
Commission for good measure. After a Republican won the White House in 
2016, this was billed as a massive overhaul for a broken democracy. Now 
a nearly identical plan is, instead, being marketed as a modest dose of 
preventive maintenance. It is still the same takeover it has always 
been.
  And now we have the American Jobs Plan, another multitrillion-dollar 
smorgasbord of liberal social engineering that would decimate entire 
industries and spend only a small fraction on roads and bridges. It is 
being sold as a serious effort to rebuild our Nation's infrastructure. 
It is pretty brazen misdirection.
  At both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue, Democrats have chosen to live in 
an alternate universe where both the campaign promises they made and 
the mandate the American people delivered were actually completely 
different than what happened right here on planet Earth.
  Unfortunately, the real-life effects of this false advertising 
campaign have come thick and fast: pain and uncertainty at home and 
dwindling leverage and virtue-signaling abroad
  First came mixed messages on the status of the pandemic. Existing 
vaccine distribution efforts surpassed President Biden's supposedly 
ambitious daily target on the day he was sworn in.
  When their own top health officials accidentally let slip the hard 
science on school reopenings, the administration bowed to Big Labor and 
walked back their comments.
  And the President continues to issue directives that are strangely 
out of step with the science, like his big announcement several weeks 
ago that, if citizens behave themselves--behave themselves--he would 
actually permit them to enjoy small outdoor gatherings on July 4th that 
the CDC guidance already said would be safe right now.
  Then there is the environmental policy. On day one, President Biden 
rushed to cancel a pipeline project that would have employed thousands 
of Americans and freeze permitting for more safe, reliable domestic 
energy. He also announced an urgent return to an Obama-era deal that 
has proven unable to curb the signatories' carbon emissions and 
unnecessary for the United States to reduce our own.
  Why would he do that? Because the far left demanded it. In fact, the 
most radical liberals in Congress have taken credit for the input of 
their Green New Deal manifesto over this President's new agenda.
  Meanwhile, Democrats have decidedly avoided taking ownership of the 
results of their own campaign rhetoric on immigration. Reckless mixed 
messaging has come home to roost in the form of a humanitarian and 
security crisis on our southern border. Soaring numbers of migrants are 
arriving, some wearing Biden campaign shirts, convinced, as one put it, 
that ``Biden promised us that everything was going to change.'' Among 
them are record numbers of unaccompanied children, cramped into 
overflow facilities, who have become the tragic face of this story. Yet 
through it all, the White House's foremost concern seems to have been 
to avoid calling this what it is: a crisis.
  And while broken immigration policy threatens security at our 
borders, a dangerously misguided foreign policy threatens our safety 
and standing overseas. Years of carefully assembled multilateral 
sanctions had created an economic straitjacket around Iran's terrorist 
state. But in its haste to turn the clocks back to the Obama era, 
President Biden's negotiators have offered to give up massive portions 
of this leverage just to get Iran back to a failed nuclear deal.
  Further east, American forces have been ordered to make a hasty, 
total withdrawal from Afghanistan; to leave coalition partners and 
vulnerable Afghans high and dry, especially women and girls; to pave 
the way for Taliban rule; and to enable an al-Qaida resurgence that 
could again threaten our homeland.
  And while national security experts are nearly unanimous in urging 
the administration to focus on competition with Russia and China, the 
White House has proposed to cut defense spending after inflation and 
put our Armed Forces on the back foot--ignoring the facts, passing the 
buck, and squandering leverage.
  This is not what the American people bargained for, and they know it 
doesn't have to be this way. Past Presidents and Congresses have found 
ways to work effectively to make lasting and bipartisan progress on 
important issues. For example, when we have crafted smart policies to 
improve actual infrastructure, big bipartisan majorities have signed 
on.
  Just last year, when we worked across the aisle on targeted rescue 
packages to help American families weather a once-in-a-century 
pandemic, not one--not one--of the five bills we passed last year 
earned fewer than 90 votes right here in the Senate. This year, the 
story has been different.
  Behind President Biden's familiar face, it is like the most radical 
Washington Democrats have been handed the keys, and they are trying to 
speed as far left as they can possibly go before American voters ask 
for the car back.
  But it is not too late. This White House can shake off its daydreams 
of a sweeping socialist legacy that will never happen in the United 
States. They can recommit to solving our Nation's actual problems, to 
fostering consensus instead of deepening our divide.
  That is what the American people want and what they deserve, not an 
administration that chooses to govern like it owes everything--
everything--to the radical left.
  The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from New Mexico


                              S.J. Res. 14

  Mr. HEINRICH. Mr. President, I am proud to join with the majority 
leader and with my colleagues from Maine and Massachusetts to lead this 
effort to restore responsible methane emission standards at the EPA. We 
can take commonsense action right now to slow climate change and 
simultaneously reduce the incredible waste of a valuable energy 
resource.
  Methane is the primary constituent in natural gas. It is an 
incredibly potent driver of the greenhouse effect. Over the short term, 
it is actually 86 times more powerful than CO2 emissions. It 
is estimated that about a quarter of all the human-caused global 
warming that has occurred since the Industrial Revolution can be 
attributed to methane emissions.
  In the United States, the lion's share of these human-caused methane 
emissions are from the production of oil and gas. That is due in part 
to outdated--oftentimes, even faulty--equipment and pipes that leak 
methane into the air, wellheads that leak methane.
  Many oil and gas operators also engage in a practice known as 
flaring, where operators ignite and burn off excess gas, and, worse 
yet, venting, where uncombusted natural gas is simply released into the 
air.
  Now, beyond the obvious consequences for climate change, these types 
of methane emissions waste incredibly valuable energy resources.
  Fugitive methane also harms public health by polluting the air that 
we breathe. When methane leaks from oil and gas wells or pipelines or 
other infrastructure, harmful carcinogens--

[[Page S2260]]

carcinogens like benzene and other volatile organic compounds--also 
leak into the air alongside it. That means more children suffering from 
asthma attacks and more seniors having trouble breathing.
  Methane pollution is real and present in many States, and it is a 
real problem in my State of New Mexico. We saw clear evidence of this 
over the Four Corners region in northwestern New Mexico--the San Juan 
Basin--and southwestern Colorado, when a giant cloud of methane, about 
the size of the State of Delaware, became so large by the mid-2000s 
that it could actually be seen by NASA satellite images.
  This chart right here is a map from NASA of the western United 
States. You can see right here the cloud of methane over the Four 
Corners, which coincides exactly with the San Juan Basin, where much of 
our oil and gas has been produced over the course of the last several 
decades.
  You can see from this map, from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, how 
real and urgent the issue is. In recent years, researchers have 
detected increasing levels of dangerous methane pollution now over 
southeastern New Mexico, over the Permian Basin, where oil and gas 
operations have been booming for the last decade.
  It is clear that this oil and gas producing region has joined the San 
Juan Basin as another major contributor to our methane emissions 
challenge.
  Late last year, the EPA and the New Mexico Environment Department 
conducted helicopter flights over both the San Juan and Permian Basins. 
They used forward-looking infrared technology that can detect emissions 
from oil and gas operations that would normally be invisible to the 
naked eye.
  I think if you could see methane, we would have solved many of these 
problems a long time ago.
  For an example of what this technology can help us see at an 
individual oil and gas operation level, look at this side-by-side image 
from the group Earthworks. As you can see, this is what the human eye 
sees--simple oil and gas infrastructure, the number of tanks, some 
piping. But by using infrared imaging, you can see the enormous amount 
of methane simply being vented or leaking into the air. That entire 
plume is invisible to the naked eye, and, were it not so, I would, once 
again, suggest that we would have solved these problems a long time ago
  The overflights that were conducted by the New Mexico Environment 
Department found that methane leak rates over New Mexico's Permian 
Basin in 2020 had increased by 250 percent over 2019 levels. It is 
simply unacceptable.
  Nationally, the Environmental Defense Fund has found that while oil 
and gas production has not yet rebounded from a crash brought on by the 
pandemic last year, methane emissions are already soaring back to 
prepandemic levels.
  That is completely unacceptable when companies have the knowledge, 
have the technology, have the workforce to fix these leaks and stop the 
wasteful practices of venting and flaring.
  When we set clear rules and emission standards, most oil and gas 
operators are onboard with updating their equipment and their practices 
to minimize methane leaks and to bring that natural gas that they 
produce to market. That is their business plan, not wasting methane.
  We saw this bear out in practice in New Mexico over these past 2 
years, as our State's oil conservation commission convened conservation 
and public health advocates and local oil and gas producers to 
establish State-level methane emissions rules.
  New Mexico's new rules govern not just oil and gas production sites 
but also things like pipelines and storage sites that also oftentimes 
leak methane into the atmosphere.
  And under our new State rules, oil and gas operators have the 
flexibility to choose the best technologies to meet the target of 
capturing 98 percent of their natural gas by 2026.
  A spokesperson for the New Mexico Oil and Gas Association recently 
said that the group supports this goal and the newly finalized rules, 
which promote ``safe, responsible production of oil and gas.''
  New Mexico has now joined other western States--States such as 
Colorado, North Dakota, and Wyoming--that have already adopted strong 
State-level methane emissions rules.
  Until just recently, we also had strong Federal methane rules in 
place at the EPA. Now, unfortunately, these rules became one more 
target of the Trump administration's reckless rollbacks of protections 
of our clean air and clean water in this country. Late last year, 
President Trump dismantled an EPA rule that required oil and gas 
producers to monitor for methane leaks at their wells, at their 
compressor stations, and at their other operations.
  This rule, or rollback of a rule, is simply a disaster for our 
climate and for public health. It was even rejected by much of the 
industry that it was purporting to help. Many leading American oil and 
gas producers and companies simply panned President Trump's rollback of 
these commonsense methane standards. As just one example, Gretchen 
Watkins, Shell's president in the United States, called the Trump 
administration's rollback ``frustrating and disappointing,'' and 
pledged to voluntarily continue reducing their methane emissions.
  Why would they do that? Because it is the right thing to do, because 
it makes business sense, because the rollback was, frankly, 
nonsensical.
  So repairing leaks and installing new leak detection technologies 
will also create a number of good-paying jobs. It is really the epitome 
of a win-win situation.
  Without clear Federal rules in place at the EPA, however, industry-
led voluntary emissions reductions simply won't go far enough to curb 
the problem that we have. We need clear standards that create clear 
requirements for reducing waste and harmful pollution.
  And it is not just me saying this. Since we announced this effort to 
use the Congressional Review Act, more and more leading companies in 
the oil and gas sector have come forward to say that they would welcome 
reinstating the EPA's methane emissions standards.
  That includes the EQT Corporation, one of the Nation's leading 
natural gas producers, which operates in West Virginia and Ohio and 
Pennsylvania. In a statement, EQT's president and CEO, Toby Rice, 
called the reinstating of uniform Federal methane standards ``sound 
federal policies'' and committed to ``producing our natural gas in 
accordance with high environmental and social standards.''
  The major oil company Total USA says:

       We welcome direct federal regulation of methane emissions 
     and support resolution via the Congressional Review Act.

  Shell U.S. tweeted:

       Sound policy surrounding natural gas is critical to its 
     role in the energy transition. We need to restore the direct 
     federal regulation of methane emissions--and we urge Congress 
     to approve the methane resolution under the Congressional 
     Review Act.

  Not my words; Shell--one of the world's major producers of oil and 
gas.
  These are the words of industry leaders who welcome us setting clear 
standards on methane emissions.
  We are voting to reinstate the commonsense methane requirements for 
the oil and gas industry's production and processing segments and the 
methane and volatile organic compound requirements for oil and gas 
transmission and storage facilities.
  With this vote, Congress will once again affirm that the Clean Air 
Act requires the EPA to take action to protect the air that Americans 
breathe from dangerous and harmful pollutants like methane, just like 
we did back in 2017 when the Senate came together on a bipartisan basis 
to uphold similar rules that govern oil and gas production on Federal 
Bureau of Land Management lands. In that vote, our former colleague 
Senator John McCain and our colleagues Senator Susan Collins and 
Senator Lindsey Graham joined with Senate Democrats in retaining the 
BLM's methane rule that promoted responsible development of natural gas 
resources on our public lands.
  I would hope that all of us, and I mean all of us, sincerely--this is 
an effort that should receive the support of every single Senator in 
this body. I would hope that all of us can come together on a 
bipartisan basis once again to restore and strengthen responsible 
Federal methane standards for oil and gas operators. I am so pleased 
that

[[Page S2261]]

Senator Collins has already joined us as a cosponsor on this 
resolution.
  Finally, I would like to point out that these rules are important not 
just to the health of oil and gas producing States like New Mexico or 
Wyoming or Colorado, because these rules will ensure the safety of not 
just oil and gas production sites but also of the gas pipelines and the 
storage sites that exist in every State in this country and in 
communities across this country.
  These upstream segments of the oil and gas industry are in every 
single community you can imagine in all parts of the Nation. Just like 
we all know we need to remove poisonous lead from our drinking water 
pipes, we need to be sure that the natural gas lines that run into our 
homes and into our businesses are not leaking harmful methane pollution 
in the very spaces where we all breathe and live.
  As we transition towards a 100-percent clean energy future, a future 
without pollution, we must do all that we can to mitigate the harmful 
pollution caused by our current use of fossil fuels, and that is 
exactly what these rules are designed to do.
  As President Biden demonstrated just last week when he convened 
leaders from around the globe, Americans are ready for us to move past 
former President Trump's backward and reckless vision on climate. 
Restoring and strengthening methane standards at the EPA will be one of 
the most powerful steps we can all take here in this Senate today to 
confront the existential threat posed by greenhouse pollution and a 
warming planet, and it will make the air over all of our communities 
cleaner and healthier and easier to breathe.
  For all of these reasons, I would encourage once again not just a few 
of my colleagues but all of our colleagues to join us in voting for 
this bipartisan resolution to restore some commonsense and some 
responsible Federal standards for the waste and leakage of methane.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Lujan). The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The Republican whip


                          Biden Administration

  Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, this evening President Biden will deliver 
his first address to Congress. I have been asked, I think as most 
Members have, by the media: What do you expect to hear? What do you 
want to hear?
  Honestly, I am interested to hear the direction the President will 
set in his speech. The President's inaugural address leaned heavily 
into the theme of unity and bipartisanship, but unity and 
bipartisanship have not been a distinguishing feature of the Biden 
Presidency.
  The President's first major bill, a COVID relief bill, broke the 
streak of bipartisanship on COVID legislation--a streak that goes back 
to March of last year. Since that time, when we were the majority, we 
passed five bills, all of them with big bipartisan majorities. Under 
President Biden, Democrats shoved through a totally partisan bill 
filled with non-COVID-related liberal priorities.
  Republicans were more than ready to work with Democrats on additional 
coronavirus legislation. In fact, 10 Republicans developed a COVID 
proposal and then met with President Biden to discuss it. But Democrats 
and the President were having none of it. It was ``their way or the 
highway'' on COVID legislation. No bipartisanship. No compromise. It 
was, support the Democrats' bill and its wasteful spending on non-
COVID-related priorities or be left out of the discussion. As I pointed 
out, only about 10 percent--10 percent--of that ``COVID bill'' was 
actually COVID related.
  It was a deeply disappointing start to the Biden Presidency and a 
betrayal of the unity that President Biden had pledged himself to in 
his inauguration address.
  Unfortunately, the Biden Presidency has mostly continued along in the 
same partisan fashion. The President promised to be a President for the 
whole people yet seems more focused on making sure that he is the 
President for the far left. You don't have to take my word for it. One 
of the leading voices of the far left in this Congress recently stated 
that President Biden had exceeded--not met; exceeded--progressives' 
expectations.
  Between Democrats and the White House, the first 3 months of the 
Biden Presidency have been a long stream of policies and proposals that 
seem to have come right from the progressives' playbook--proposals for 
tax hikes and more tax hikes and still more tax hikes to pay for new 
government programs like the President's Green New Deal-esque Civilian 
Climate Corps; a sharp retreat from border security, with a huge crisis 
going on at the border as a result; a bill that would place 
unprecedented restrictions on the free exercise of religion in the name 
of equality; legislation to dramatically revise our electoral system to 
ensure Democrats' hold on power. The list goes on.
  Once an ardent defender of America's core institutions, the President 
recently established a commission to explore the idea of court-
packing--perhaps the most outrageously partisan and political proposal 
we have seen in this century.
  From the way Democrats are behaving, you would think that the 
American people had elected overwhelming Democratic majorities and a 
President with a reputation as a strong leftist. Of course, that isn't 
close to being the case. We all know that. Democrats have a razor-thin 
majority in the Senate and an almost equally thin majority in the House 
of Representatives, where they lost a substantial number of seats. As 
for the Presidency, while certainly a Democrat won the election, it is 
worth noting that the only candidate who could win the Democratic 
primary was a man historically regarded as a moderate. That is right. 
Even among primary Democratic voters, the Democrats' far-left liberal 
candidates did not fare so well.
  If there was any mandate in the election, it was a mandate for 
moderation, for compromise. Yet the President and Democrats are 
behaving as if they had been delivered a mandate for a partisan 
revolution.
  There has been one encouraging thing lately, and that is the fact 
that President Biden seems to actually be considering pursuing 
bipartisanship on an infrastructure package. He has had multiple 
meetings on infrastructure with Republican Members of Congress, and 
while I am still waiting to see just how committed the Democrats are to 
achieving a bipartisan result, I am encouraged that the President is at 
least talking to the Republican Members.
  A bipartisan infrastructure proposal should be a slam dunk. Congress 
has a history of bipartisan collaboration on infrastructure 
legislation. In fact, our last major infrastructure bill, the FAST Act, 
received strong support from both Democrats and Republicans and was a 
remarkably successful bill.
  As chairman of the Commerce Committee, I helped to spearhead a 
bipartisan reauthorization of the FAA, including of critical programs 
to improve airport infrastructure, and last Congress, the Environment 
and Public Works Committee developed major bipartisan infrastructure 
legislation.
  There is no good reason that we shouldn't reach bipartisan agreement 
on another substantial infrastructure bill, but it will require a 
commitment from the Democrats and the President to real bipartisan work 
and a recognition that bipartisanship involves compromise and that no 
one side is going to get everything its Members want.
  Bipartisanship is not the Democrats inviting the Republicans to 
support the Democrats' ideal bill. Bipartisanship is sitting down at 
the table, identifying what we agree on, and then working out a 
solution to our differences that involves both sides accepting 
compromises.
  I hope that, tonight, the President will go beyond empty talk about 
bipartisanship and make an actual, concrete commitment to achieve 
bipartisan results, starting with infrastructure legislation. I hope, 
although I do not really expect, that he will move away from the 
policies and partisan priorities of the far left and toward a more 
moderate vision, more in keeping with the bringing together of 
Americans that he spoke of in his inaugural address.
  Ultimately, what matters the most is not what the President will say 
tonight

[[Page S2262]]

but what he will do in the days and weeks to come. Will he finally 
deliver on that promise of unity that he spoke of in his inaugural 
address or will he continue to pursue the partisan path that 
progressives have laid out for him? For the sake of our country, I hope 
he chooses bipartisanship.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Ossoff). The clerk will call the roll.
  The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mrs. CAPITO. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.


                              S.J. Res. 14

  Mrs. CAPITO. Mr. President, I rise in opposition to the resolution of 
disapproval on the Trump EPA's methane policy rule.
  This resolution we have in front of us today is nothing more than 
political posturing, I believe. Ironically, the Democrats are targeting 
natural gas for blame when methane emissions have actually fallen. 
According to EPA data, natural gas systems in the United States reduced 
their overall methane emissions by nearly 16 percent between 1990 and 
2019. It is widely recognized that the shale gas boom led to 
significant greenhouse gas emissions reductions across our power 
sector.
  Some climate change advocates, including those in Washington, want to 
ban oil and gas production and use, and they oppose the maintenance and 
expansion of our pipelines in this country. The CRA is part of that 
effort, I believe.
  The CRA is part of a plan to double down on an industry that the 
Biden administration--obviously, from the day the President took 
office--does not support. Just yesterday, the Biden administration's 
Office of Management and Budget issued a Statement of Administration 
Policy on the resolution we are considering today. The statement does 
not hide the disdain that the administration has toward the oil and gas 
sector. The statement presents a laundry list of alleged harms to 
Americans from the oil and gas industry and none of the benefits. It 
doesn't mention that, as our natural gas production and use have gone 
up, our country's overall greenhouse gas emissions have gone down. It 
does not talk about the wage gap between natural gas sector jobs and 
so-called green jobs.
  As POLITICO reported this week, ``The median wage for solar workers 
is $24.48 an hour compared with $30.33 for those employed by the 
natural gas sector, which amounts to a roughly $12,000 annual wage 
gap.''
  In yesterday's statement, the administration showed its cards for its 
next step. The passage of this resolution would lay the groundwork for 
a planned regulatory war on oil and gas.
  According to the administration, today's resolution ``clear[s] the 
pathway for EPA to evaluate opportunities to promulgate even stronger 
standards under section 111 of the Clean Air Act to address dangerous 
methane and other pollution from both new and existing sources across 
the oil and gas sector.''
  That is right. They want to come forward with even stronger clean air 
regulations on the sector than the Obama administration did. But before 
even starting a rulemaking to ask for public comments, the Biden 
administration has made up its mind to regulate much more aggressively. 
I guess I am not really surprised. Now it is time; it is just waiting 
to identify the best opportunities to do so.
  We shouldn't demonize an industry that is part of the lifeblood of 
our economy. We should celebrate the emission-reduction accomplishments 
and look for ways to further incentivize those. Let's focus on 
solutions that address our climate challenges without destroying the 
economic engines of growth, solutions that don't pick winners and 
losers.
  The market is pushing industry to lower its methane emissions. And 
for those still flaring gas, one way to reduce flaring is to build out 
our pipeline infrastructure so they can get the gas--the very commodity 
they are trying to produce and sell--to the market.
  So let's come up with solutions that actually help protect our planet 
and don't overregulate industry for political points, solutions like 
improving the environmental review and permitting processes so that we 
can complete these pipeline projects more efficiently and cleaner.
  I urge my colleagues to vote against the resolution, and I urge my 
colleagues to focus on real, unifying solutions.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Pennsylvania.


                          Workers Memorial Day

  Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, today is Workers Memorial Day, when we 
remember all of the workers in our Nation who have been killed, who 
have been injured, or who became sick on the job. On this day, we 
reflect upon the losses these workers and their families have suffered, 
and we also--and I believe we must--recommit ourselves to ensuring that 
every worker in America is safe on the job.
  On a day like today, I am remembering Pennsylvania workers--not only 
the workers of today and the challenges they face in the workplace and 
the challenges their families still face, especially in the grip of 
and, we hope, ultimately in the aftermath of a terrible pandemic, but 
we are also, of course, remembering those who came before them, 
generations of workers in a State like Pennsylvania, folks who built 
this country, made this country run, and helped us win World War II, 
not to mention other battles, economic and otherwise.
  So we are remembering those stories. I am also remembering, of 
course, on a day like today a lot of stories from my home area. I live 
in northeastern Pennsylvania. I live in Scranton, PA, which at one time 
was the anthracite coal capital of the world, that region was. Every 
family, every community seemed to have a story about one of their loved 
ones--sometimes a grandfather or a great grandfather or an uncle or a 
grandmother or some relative--and how they struggled in those days.
  One story is not, unfortunately, atypical. This is a story about an 
11-year-old boy working in the anthracite coal mines.
  In those days, in order to pull the coal out of the coal mine, you 
had to fill a coal car with coal, but it had to be pulled out of the 
mines by a mule. I am talking about the early 1900s.
  In this case, this 11-year-old boy--and, of course, it was 
permissible in those days to allow someone that young to work in a coal 
mine--this young kid reached down to get the straps that connected the 
mule to the coal car, and then, when he was bending down to pick up one 
of those leather straps, the rear hooves of the mule kicked him square 
in the face.
  Here is the description of what happened after that mule kicked the 
11-year-old, and I am reading from an account:

       [The] kick hurled him over a loaded five-foot-high coal car 
     and into the wall of the mine--the ``face'' of the mine, as 
     the miners would say.

  The 11-year-old had his nose smashed.

       He had an open wound from his forehead across his eyebrow, 
     down his nose, through his lip, and into his chin.
       No ambulance was called. No paramedics came to save him. 
     Work didn't even stop.

  Then the account goes on to talk about how the mine boss had another 
young kid walk this 11-year-old out of the mine, taking the child 
home--a long, perilous journey home.

       Once he finally made it home, [the 11 year old's] mother 
     called a doctor and they laid him on the dining room table, 
     where the doctor sewed the long gouge in his face back 
     together. There were no benefits--no worker's compensation, 
     no safety net in place to take care of the adult worker, much 
     less an injured child.

  That is, unfortunately, an account that was all too common in those 
days. Much has changed, fortunately, but, candidly, not enough.
  We mark today the 50th anniversary of the Occupational Safety and 
Health Act going into effect. It just happens to be today. This is a 
landmark achievement in the fight to guarantee every worker a safe 
workplace. It was passed because of the tireless efforts of workers and 
unions that stood up for their fellow working men and women and 
demanded government action that led to the so-called OSHA Act. There 
remains, of course, much work to be done to protect our workers.
  Let's turn to the pandemic and our workers.
  The COVID-19 pandemic has made clearer than ever the need for action 
to

[[Page S2263]]

strengthen workplace protections, ensure workers can stand up and 
advocate for safe workplaces.
  The virus has touched every workplace in the country, presenting a 
new threat to workers' health on the job unlike any we have seen in our 
lifetimes.
  Throughout the pandemic, millions of workers have been at risk--at 
risk of contracting the virus as they did their work, having to worry 
every day when they headed home about their health and, of course, the 
health of their families.
  The death toll from this virus, this pandemic, is staggering. More 
than 570,000 Americans are dead; more than 26,000 in Pennsylvania. 
These, of course, were mothers and fathers and grandmothers and 
grandfathers, sisters and brothers, neighbors and friends
  The disproportionate effect on people of color is also staggering--
those who are widely represented in the essential workforces that have 
continued to go to work every day throughout the pandemic. This 
disproportionate impact on people of color has been especially 
disturbing and devastating.
  The toll never should have been this high, and workers never should 
have had to face the risk they faced every day during the pandemic.
  To honor all of these workers and their families, we must continue to 
take action to protect them on the job and ensure that workers are 
never left as vulnerable as they were in the pandemic.
  Now, we have made some steps--taken some steps recently. The American 
Rescue Plan, passed by Congress and signed into law by President Biden, 
has already been critical to helping protect workers from COVID-19. The 
rescue plan provided billions to help get Americans the vaccines they 
need and to ensure that frontline workers receive the supplies and 
personal protective equipment they need to stay safe on the job. It 
also included $100 million for OSHA to protect workers on the job. So 
we can celebrate that on this celebration of Workers Memorial Day. This 
$100 million in funding is essential to help defeat the pandemic but 
also, in the process, to keep workers safe.
  We must ensure that policies are in place to strengthen our workplace 
safety laws and also to strengthen enforcement.
  We must ensure that the highest standards--the highest standards--
which are informed by recent science, exist to protect workers from all 
threats to their health, whether it is exposure to COVID-19 in a 
grocery store or silica dust in a coal mine.
  We must strengthen workers' ability, of course, to organize and 
bargain collectively by passing the PRO Act, the Protecting the Right 
to Organize Act. The PRO Act would ensure workers have a voice on the 
job and are able to advocate for safe working conditions.
  We must ensure that OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health 
Administration, and its sister Agency, MSHA, the Mine Safety and Health 
Administration, have the authority, the resources, and the personnel 
they need to protect workers every day of every year.
  Our Nation's workforce has done heroic work throughout this pandemic. 
One part of that workforce that has done both essential and heroic work 
over the past year is our Nation's home- and community-based services 
workforce, often not talked about in the debates here in Congress.
  These workers are the backbone of our caregiving infrastructure, and 
we know that as part of the rescue plan, President Biden--I am sorry--
as part of the American Jobs Plan the President has proposed and we 
have not yet passed, but we are working on it, President Biden has 
called for a $400 billion investment to be directed to invest in 
seniors and people with disabilities and to support this vital and 
undervalued workforce.
  This great American idea to develop the best caregiving workforce in 
the world--not one of the best, not second or third, the best workforce 
in the world--to care for and to provide support and services to people 
with disabilities and seniors--this great American idea is an idea that 
is focused on that workforce, which is a workforce primarily of women 
of color making only $12 an hour.
  We can't say that we have the best caregiving workforce in the world 
if we are not going to invest in that workforce and lift them up. The 
American people want this to happen. This is overwhelmingly popular. 
More than 70 percent of the American people want us to make this 
investment in home- and community-based services, thereby lifting up 
that workforce so that we can provide better care for people with 
disabilities and seniors so they can not only survive but also thrive.
  Making this investment is a vital part of raising standards and 
working conditions for this essential workforce and for all workers.
  Let me conclude with this, the story of the 11-year-old boy kicked in 
the face in the anthracite coal mines of northeastern Pennsylvania. 
That 11-year-old was my grandfather. His name was Alphonsus Liguori 
Casey, and he, like a lot of young kids, started in the coal mines at 
that age, at the age of 11, between--worked in the mines between 1905 
and 1910. Of course, when he worked in the mines, there were no 
protections--virtually none, even for a child. Thank goodness we have 
made a lot of progress since then, but we still have a long way to go 
to make sure that all workers in all workforces are protected in their 
workplace.
  We also have to make sure we are making the appropriate investments 
in them to call ourselves the greatest country in the world. We can't 
say we are the greatest country in the world if we are paying people 
$11 or $12 an hour to do the important work they have to do every day 
and want to do. It is a high calling to care for people with 
disabilities and seniors.
  So just like that 11-year-old boy and so many like him in those days, 
we have to make sure that today's workforce is the subject of our 
protection, is the subject of our attention, and is the subject of our 
investment. Let's lift them up so that we have the best workforce in 
the world and the safest workplaces, not only on Workers Memorial Day 
but every day.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.


                              S.J. Res. 14

  Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, I am here to speak on the upcoming 
methane Congressional Review Act matter and speak in support of 
overturning the Trump misrule regarding the problem of methane 
emissions.
  Let's just start by setting the stage that about one-quarter of the 
global warming that we have experienced has been due to methane and 
about one-third of that is due to the activities of the oil and gas 
industry. So this is a very significant part of our climate problem--I 
should say our climate and oceans problem--and we don't actually know 
how bad it is.
  The Environmental Defense Fund has recently estimated that methane 
emissions from oil and natural gas operations could be as much as 60 
percent higher than previous estimates. So it is a significant part of 
the problem.
  One of the reasons we don't know how bad the problem is, is because 
of the way the oil and gas industry has behaved about reporting its 
methane problem. Now, just to understand, what the natural gas industry 
would like to tell you is that natural gas is a far cleaner fuel, far 
safer from a climate perspective, than coal or than oil--bunker oil or 
whatever else you want to burn. And it is true that once natural gas 
has been burned at the burner tip, it is less harmful. But what the 
natural gas industry wants you to forget is everything between the well 
and the burner tip because through that enormous web of piping occurs 
so much leakage that satellites flying overhead can pick up the pools 
of methane floating in our atmosphere from the leakage. The natural gas 
industry doesn't want to talk about that.
  One of the things that they did is they got the Trump administration 
to, early on, withdraw EPA's request that in the previous 
administration the industries more or less agreed to that would have 
required oil and gas companies to report on their methane emissions. 
When the fossil fuel apparatchiks occupied in the Trump

[[Page S2264]]

administration the offices at EPA, Energy, and Interior, and other 
places important to the industry, they did what the industry wanted, 
and the very first thing, March 2, 2017, was to withdraw the request 
that would have had oil and gas companies report how bad their methane 
leakage actually was.
  It didn't take long to follow that up on March 28, with an Executive 
order from Trump directing EPA to suspend or rescind existing methane 
regulations for the oil and gas industry.
  But that wasn't enough for the oil and gas industry. On April 19, 
they got EPA to postpone implementation of a rule that would have 
required them to equip new wells with equipment to prevent methane 
leaks. You wouldn't think that would be asking too much, particularly 
from an industry that wants to tell everybody that it is better for the 
climate and the environment than the rest of the fossil fuel industry. 
But no, they asked EPA to undo that requirement so they could more 
readily leak methane from new wells.
  Even that wasn't enough. In May of 2017, they got the Department of 
the Interior to suspend a rule that would have required oil and gas 
companies to curb the flaring of methane from their oil and gas wells 
on public lands.
  And then again, September 11, 2018, they got EPA to propose a rule to 
weaken the methane leak detection and repair requirements for their new 
wells--weaken the detection and repair requirements for methane leakage 
from their own wells.
  Then they proposed a second rule to eliminate EPA's regulatory 
authority over methane emissions from oil and gas facilities. That is 
getting a little bit out there because methane is a greenhouse gas 
regulable as a pollutant by the EPA, and it also has a whole lot of 
unfortunate characteristics for people who have to breathe it in 
entirely apart from the climate harm and damage it does. But that is 
what the oil and gas industry wanted the EPA to do, to eliminate its 
regulatory authority over methane emissions.
  Then, more recently, on August 13, 2020, they got EPA to promulgate a 
rule to eliminate that rule--to eliminate that regulatory authority 
over methane emissions from oil and gas facilities.
  This is dirty conduct by an industry, to take advantage of its 
ability to plant industry operatives in positions of public 
responsibility in order to leak more methane, put less equipment in 
place to protect against methane leakage, and reduce its requirements 
even to report on the methane leakage that is going on. That is not 
responsible corporate conduct. These rules are a disgrace. The CRA 
should pass, and we should get on to taking on this problem of methane.

  I will close by pointing out that I have a bill that would do quite a 
lot to solve this problem. One of the problems in this whole enterprise 
of pollution is that, when it is free to pollute, people will pollute. 
If corporations view themselves as having only an obligation to their 
shareholders and only an obligation to their shareholders that is 
denominated in dollars, why would they ever spend any money at all to 
protect against pollution, unless they were required to or unless it 
had a cost?
  We know it actually has a cost. People suffer from pollution; that is 
a cost. Our oceans are acidifying because of carbon dioxide pollution; 
that is a cost. People lose their homes in wildfires that didn't used 
to happen; that is a cost. My State has to plan to lose its current map 
to sea level rise and to lose precious shorefront land; that is a cost. 
These are real costs. The industry just doesn't want to pay them. They 
want a free ride on everybody else's suffering, and one way to solve 
that is to put a price on the pollution.
  And, by the way, this is not a liberal, Democratic environmental 
agenda. This is economics 101. Milton Friedman, for Pete's sake, said 
that if you want to have an economic system that works, you have to put 
what he called ``negative externalities,'' the bad things that happen 
that hurt other people. You have to put the cost of that into the 
product. Otherwise, you don't have a market system. You have a subsidy 
system. You are picking winners and losers.
  As much as my colleagues on the other side like to say that they 
don't like subsidies and they don't want to see government picking 
winners and losers, when it is the fossil fuel industry that gets 
subsidized, when it is the fossil fuel industry that is the winner, 
they can't line up fast enough to subsidize and pick winners and 
losers.
  So we are going to have to work pretty hard to solve this problem 
because we have some real hazards in front of us. What my bill would do 
is to measure the thing that they didn't want to do--measure methane 
emissions from oil and gas production. As I said, new developments in 
satellite technology means that we don't have to depend on them any 
longer. We can actually do a lot of this measuring. We can check their 
measuring. We can, to use Reagan's phrase, ``trust but verify'' what 
they are reporting with a whole lot of other data that we can pull 
together.
  So get the data. How much are they leaking? Figure it out basin by 
basin because that is where it really happens. It happens in these 
pools that emerge from the basins from all of the leakage. And then put 
a price on it.
  It is not hard to do. There is a social cost of carbon that President 
Obama proposed. President Biden has put it back in at the previous 
level, while they get to work on figuring out what updates there should 
be to it. We have a social cost of carbon. You can quantify the methane 
harm and compare it to the carbon harm. You can make an equivalency 
between those two and you can determine what the social cost of methane 
leakage should be. It is really not all that complicated.
  We would start it in 2023, so that the industry, which has been so 
reprehensible in its leakage, in its influence over EPA, and in its 
influence in the Trump administration--we are actually giving them a 
chance to clean up their act and do what they should have done all 
along. So it would begin in 2023, and it would cost them $1,800 per ton 
of leaked methane.
  You leak it; you pay for it. It is not that complicated. When I was 
growing up, we had a pretty simple rule in my family: You spill it; you 
clean it up. I don't know why that is suddenly not an appropriate rule 
when the company and the industry gets big enough and has enough 
political power and dark money to be pulling strings around here. That 
ought to be the rule. You spill it; you clean it up. You leak the 
methane; you pay for it.
  So I hope that we can get that methane factor passed into law, as 
well, because we know perfectly well that this is not an industry that 
is going to pursue the public interest if it is not required to. We saw 
that in the Trump administration. We saw it on March 2, 2017. We saw it 
on March 28, 2017. We saw it on April 19, 2017. We saw it on May 10, 
2017. We saw it on September 11, 2018, on August 28, 2019, and on 
August 13, 2020. Over and over and over again, they hurt the public by 
using their clout over the regulatory Agency of this country to their 
own benefit.
  You can't count on them to take care of this on their own. They just 
won't. They have proven that. That is not a contested fact any longer. 
We gave them the chance to clean up their act without this kind of 
requirement, and they totally failed. In fact, they spent all their 
energy trying to degrade the regulatory authority that kept them trying 
to clean up methane.
  Let's solve this problem. Methane is a real problem. There is a lot 
of it changing our climate. The climate situation has become an 
emergency. Methane is easily preventable from leaking. And, by the way, 
here is the added bonus: It gives a lot of people jobs. There is a lot 
of work that we can do to reclaim the damage that the fossil fuel 
industry has caused. Cleaning up the wells, cleaning up the mines, 
cleaning up the piping--those are all real jobs.
  So let's get after it. Let's start with the CRA. Let's go on to a 
proper methane fee to put the leaking out of business and on from 
there.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. KING. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.


                              S.J. Res. 14

  Mr. KING. Mr. President, later today we will have one of the most 
consequential votes we have had in this

[[Page S2265]]

body in years, perhaps the most consequential vote in terms of our 
climate and the risk that climate change imposes on all of us here in 
America and across the world. It is a pretty straightforward vote, 
although it is an interesting procedural problem.
  The vote is a Congressional Review Act vote to repeal the repeal of 
the regulation on the release of methane from oil and gas, both 
drilling and transportation. A repeal of a repeal is the legislative 
equivalent of a double negative, and, of course, we all know a double 
negative produces a positive, and that is exactly what will happen in 
this case.
  Some years ago, regulations were imposed upon the oil and gas 
industry to control the escape of methane from drilling operations. 
This isn't about natural gas or oil; this is about fugitive gases that 
escape into the atmosphere as part of the drilling process or the 
transportation process.
  The problem is that methane is the nuclear weapon of climate change. 
Methane is 80 times as dangerous as CO2 in the atmosphere, 
in terms of capturing heat and contributing to climate change--80 
times; not 80 percent more, not 8 times more, 80 times more.
  Now, the good news is methane only persists in the atmosphere for 
about 20 years; CO2, unfortunately, over 100 years. So 
because of its short residence time and its high potency, removing it 
now will have immediate and substantial effects on the overall amount 
of greenhouse gas that is in our atmosphere.
  There is nothing we can do in the short run to deal with climate 
change that is more significant than the vote that will take place on 
this floor in a few hours. This is probably, as I said at the 
beginning, one of the most important votes that we will have in this 
Chamber in order to forestall and slow the climate catastrophe that 
everyone acknowledges is headed toward us--whether it is wildfires, 
whether it is changes in ocean temperature that affect sea life, 
whether it is hurricanes, whether it is pure temperature.
  Let me talk a bit about climate change as a national security issue. 
I serve on the Armed Services and Intelligence Committees. It is a 
national security issue for a number of reasons. One is sort of dollars 
and cents. It affects our military facilities around the world that are 
going to be affected by rising sea levels. We are going to have to 
spend billions of dollars in order to shore up those facilities. So 
that is just kind of nuts and bolts, dollars and cents.
  But the part that really worries me is migration. We all know about 
the migrants from Syria, from the Syrian civil war. I don't know the 
exact number--maybe 4 or 5 million. But those migrants upset the 
political system of all of Europe and created a major political crisis.
  The estimate for climate migrants because of the inhospitality of the 
climate in the band around the central part of the Earth is in the 
hundreds of millions--between 100 and 200 million climate migrants who 
are escaping a place that they can't live in anymore because of 
drought, because of famine, because of a lack of drinking water, or 
just because of high temperatures.
  Humans aren't evolved to live in places that are at 130 degrees of 
heat. So people are going to be on the move. Think of the disruption 
caused by the immigration or the migration from Syria and multiply that 
by 10, 20, 30, 40 times. That is what we are talking about, and that 
kind of pressure and famine and drought and all of those things 
throughout history are what have caused wars.
  It is a threat multiplier. It is a threat creator. It is, in fact, a 
national security issue. This isn't about just being concerned about 
whether we will have more warm days in April. This is a national 
security issue, and it is of worldwide import
  Now, why is this vote today important if it is a worldwide issue? I 
have had people say to me: Angus, why are we going through all this? 
Why are we going to cost ourselves any money when it is just as big a 
problem coming from China or India?
  We can shut down all of our businesses in Maine, and we are still not 
going to be able to solve this problem, nor could we if we did it in 
the United States. Molecules of methane or CO2 don't care 
about borders. They go around the world, and they are causing this 
problem to happen around the world.
  But, yes, this vote today is important because it is a signal to the 
rest of the world that we are serious about this problem. A negative 
vote today is a signal to the rest of the world that we don't care, and 
the rest of the world is going to be paying attention.
  This is a global problem. It is going to take solutions from every 
country and particularly from the larger emitting countries, like the 
United States, like China, like India. But we have to show that we are 
willing to do it here, if we are going to ask other people to make 
these kinds of steps in their country. And that is why I think this 
vote has international implications as well as national.
  Now, what about the cost? Are we imposing some enormous cost, or are 
we talking about new technology? No, this is a relatively cheap way to 
get a major improvement in the emission of greenhouse gases.
  We are not talking about carbon capture, which is very important, but 
we are a ways away from cost-effective carbon capture technology, and 
the costs are still very high. This is of relatively low cost.

       Regulating methane emissions from oil and gas production is 
     the right thing to do for our climate and the air quality of 
     communities across the country.

  I couldn't have said it better myself, but I am reading someone 
else's words.

       It's widely acknowledged that methane is a highly potent 
     greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 80 times 
     greater than CO2. Beyond the long-term impacts 
     related to climate change, methane emissions also have 
     implications for local air quality. We owe it to the 
     communities where we live and work to reduce these emissions.

  Who said that? Angus King didn't say that. Shell Oil said that. Many, 
if not most, of the major producers of oil and gas in this country are 
supporting this vote today. This is not a vote where fossil fuel is on 
one side and the environmental community is on the other. No, this is a 
broad coalition of people worried about health, of people worried about 
the environment, of people worried about climate change, and also 
people in the industry who are worried about the effects of this on 
their industry if we don't take care of this.
  And here is very interesting data. We all know that different 
technologies have different impacts on the environment, and these bars 
are the emission levels per unit of energy produced of various 
alternatives: air pumps, wood pellets, natural gas, propane, heating 
oil, coal. These are all in use in the United States.
  We have substantially lowered our emission of greenhouse gases 
because of the conversion from coal and oil to natural gas, and that 
hasn't been caused by regulation or by the dead hand of government. 
That is because of the market, because of the enormous production of 
natural gas in this country.
  Now, here is the problem--and I have always thought of natural gas as 
a transition fuel. Sixty percent of our electricity in New England 
comes from natural gas, and, indeed, our CO2 is down because 
of that. But here is the problem. See this little black line here? That 
is the actual emission from natural gas if you count methane.
  So the environmental, the climate advantage of natural gas disappears 
if you count the methane that is released in the production of natural 
gas. But it is controllable. It is not inevitable. It is not something 
that is impossible.
  There are now technologies to survey pipelines to detect leaks and to 
prevent them. It is really pretty straightforward. If you have a 
pipeline that is leaking and is putting methane in the atmosphere that 
is 80 times as bad as CO2, let's fix it. And that is all we 
are talking about today.
  We are talking about restoring commonsense regulations on the release 
of dangerous climate-change-inducing gases, principally, methane. Some 
of the other things that are released are also dangerous for people 
living in the area of the well or the pipeline leak.
  I am not opposed to the use. I mean, right now, as I say, natural gas 
is the preferred alternative--and you can see why--except for the 
methane problem. So let's eliminate that. Let's make the chart look 
like this. Then, natural gas works. But we have to deal with methane.

[[Page S2266]]

  This is the low-hanging fruit of climate action. This is an 
opportunity for this country to make a statement internationally, to 
make a statement to our people, and to do something about the most 
serious environmental problem we face.
  Every day that goes by, it gets more expensive to deal with. Every 
day that goes by, it is going to be more difficult for our people, the 
impacts are going to be more catastrophic, and the impacts are going to 
be more difficult in terms of what we have to spend to deal with it.
  So let's spend relatively little now to eliminate one of the most 
serious risks. It is not minor. It is a very significant part of the 
climate issue, and it is one that we can do at a relatively low price, 
with not a heavy hand of regulation but commonsense regulation. And we 
can do something important for the American people and, indeed, for the 
people of the entire world.
  This is an important vote this afternoon. I hope it is a resounding 
vote. It should be. It should be a resounding vote to say to the world 
and to say to the people of this country: We are on your side. We 
understand there is a problem heading for us, and we are going to act 
to deal with it.
  This is our responsibility. It is why we are here, and we have the 
capability to do this starting today.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Jersey.
  Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. President, I think I will get done before, but, in 
case, I ask unanimous consent to be able to finish my statement before 
the vote.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Without objection, it is so ordered


                      Nomination of Samantha Power

  Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. President, I rise today to express my support for 
the nomination of Ambassador Samantha Power to be our next 
Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development.
  Ambassador Power's qualifications for this position are beyond 
dispute. Her lifelong commitment to protecting human rights and 
preventing global atrocities, combined with the foreign policy 
experience she gained during the Obama administration, make her 
impeccably qualified for this role.
  I want to highlight, in particular, her leadership on the 
international effort to end genocide. Our struggle against these 
horrific crimes is ongoing and unrelenting. Like Ambassador Power, I 
was proud to see the Biden administration formally recognize the 
Armenian genocide, a recognition by the U.S. Government that was long 
overdue.
  Ambassador Power's intellect, energy, and focus will be an enormous 
asset to USAID in the Administration's efforts to end poverty around 
the world, help victims of conflict, improve food security, and build 
the kind of resilience that ultimately benefits the security and 
prosperity of the American people.
  This work is not easy, but it is exactly the sort of work that 
President Biden described in his inaugural address when he spoke of the 
United States as ``a strong and trusted partner for peace, progress, 
and security.''
  It is also the work we must do to confront the immense crises we face 
around the world. Many of the conflicts Ambassador Power contended with 
during her time at the United Nations continue today. New conflicts, as 
we know, are brewing in Ethiopia, Haiti, and Burma, and creating 
hundreds of thousands of innocent victims and refugees.
  Climate change is increasing food insecurity, intensifying natural 
resource scarcity, and beginning to drive mass migration.
  And, of course, the COVID-19 pandemic is an ever-evolving threat, and 
its proliferation around the world will continue to endanger our public 
health here at home. As long as there is a COVID-19 virus anywhere, it 
can be everywhere. We cannot hermetically seal off our Nation. That is 
why this particular role of USAID is going to be increasingly 
important.
  As we reengage with our partners in the world to meet these 
challenges, Ambassador Power will play a critical role. I am confident 
her experience, tenacity, and drive to build a better, more prosperous, 
peaceful world are exactly what USAID and our country need at this 
moment.
  I urge all of my colleagues to support Ambassador Power's successful 
confirmation.
  With that, I yield the floor.

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