[Congressional Record Volume 167, Number 69 (Wednesday, April 21, 2021)]
[Senate]
[Pages S2094-S2099]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]



                       Nomination of Vanita Gupta

  Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, as my friend the Republican leader likes 
to remind us, the Senate is not just a legislative body; we are also in 
the personnel business. One of the Senate's core responsibilities is to 
provide advice and consent for the President's nominees for a range of 
important jobs throughout the Federal Government. In fact, it is a 
constitutional duty of the Senate to perform that function.
  When the President is of the opposing party, there is all but a 
guarantee that you will not see eye to eye with every nominee, but the 
process isn't just about politics or judging nominees based on whether 
their opinions align with your own. As I see it, we are charged with 
evaluating these individuals to see if they are qualified not only to 
carry out the duties of their position but will also do so with honor 
and integrity.
  Take Attorney General Merrick Garland, for example. When the Senate 
considered his nomination, it became clear that he had both the 
experience and the temperament to lead the Department of Justice. Do we 
agree on everything? No. But he committed to do everything in his power 
to keep politics out of the Department of Justice, and I have no reason 
to doubt his credibility.
  The same could be said of the President's nominee for Deputy Attorney 
General, Lisa Monaco, who was confirmed yesterday by the Senate. Ms. 
Monaco is a longtime public servant who previously served for 15 years 
at the Department of Justice. Throughout her career, she has earned the 
respect of folks on both sides of the aisle, and I believe she will 
bring a wealth of experience and institutional knowledge to the 
Department.
  So my point is, I have supported the majority of President Biden's 
nominees thus far, and every single nominee has received bipartisan 
support at some level. But unfortunately, it looks like we are about 
ready to break that record of bipartisanship.
  Today, the Senate will vote on the nomination of Vanita Gupta to 
serve as

[[Page S2095]]

Associate Attorney General, the third highest official at the 
Department of Justice. Unlike previous nominees who have received 
bipartisan support, there is not a single person on this side of the 
aisle who believes that Ms. Gupta is fit to serve as the third in 
command at the Department of Justice.
  I can't predict what the final vote will be. It will be at 2:30. But 
I hear nobody on this side of the aisle saying she is an exemplar of 
the type of person who should serve in the Department of Justice.
  As I said, this is not about politics; nor are those of us who are 
opposed to her nomination opposed because of her gender or race. To the 
contrary, those are irrelevant. Instead, the lack of support for Ms. 
Gupta is a result of her radical record far outside the mainstream and 
her career as a partisan activist. In fact, she has championed radical 
policies basically all of her professional career.
  In addition, throughout the confirmation process, Ms. Gupta was asked 
about the long, long list of controversial, misleading, and sometimes 
outright false public statements that she has made in the past--her 
statement before the Judiciary last summer, for example, that we should 
effectively defund the police; her op-ed that argued we should 
effectively revoke qualified immunity for law enforcement in civil 
lawsuits; but worst of all were her prior statements on drug policy.
  In 2012, Ms. Gupta wrote in an op-ed in the Huffington Post that 
``States should decriminalize simple possession of all drugs.'' ``All 
drugs.'' This is obviously an incredibly controversial statement and 
way out of step with most Americans' views, for good reason. What she 
said is, as long as they were small amounts, she would legalize heroin, 
fentanyl, cocaine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, you name it.
  When Ms. Gupta tried to distance herself from these previous 
positions that are published in black and white, here is what the 
Washington Post Fact Checker said:

       For this tango of previously unacknowledged flip-flops, 
     Gupta earns an Upside-Down Pinocchio.

  Now I have seen a one Pinocchio, two Pinocchio, three Pinocchio, even 
a four, but I have never seen an upside-down Pinocchio for a ``tango of 
previously unacknowledged flip-flops.'' The Fact Check examined Ms. 
Gupta's confusing then and now statements on police budgets, qualified 
immunity, and drug policy, and that is what they found.
  Now, I understand and respect the fact that people's opinions can 
change over time. As we learn new information or have different 
experiences in life, we all understand that one's views can change. But 
there is a big difference between honestly forming a new opinion and 
undergoing a confirmation conversion to bury radical views on 
controversial subjects. After all, how could anyone support a nominee 
who advocated the decriminalization of all drugs, especially for the 
No. 3 spot at the Department of Justice? I am not sure anyone in this 
Chamber, Republican or Democrat, could support someone to serve in the 
upper echelon of the Justice Department who supported the legalization 
of heroin, fentanyl, and other dangerous street narcotics. That is why 
she attempted to whitewash it. She knew she couldn't get nominated, 
much less confirmed, if she didn't.
  But here is what we know about drug abuse in America. This is a map 
of national opioid death rates in America. As you can see, they go from 
the dark colors, which is where the death rate is 29 to 43 per 100,000 
population, to the slightly lighter range, which is 20 to 29, roughly, 
people per 100,000, and then the lighter ones, obviously, until you get 
to the lowest one, which is 3.5 to 10.9.
  Every community in America has felt the pain and anguish from the 
opioid crisis. In 2019, there were more than 70,000 overdose deaths in 
America. There were 70,000 Americans who lost their lives. We are still 
waiting on complete figures from 2020, but preliminary data shows 
things are trending in the wrong direction. From June 2019 through May 
2020, more than 81,000 Americans have died from drug overdoses.
  Fighting the opioid epidemic is a cause every person in this Chamber 
can get behind because, as you can see, each of our States has been 
impacted. In 2016, thanks to the hard work of a bipartisan group of 
Senators, we passed what became known as the CARA Act--the 
Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act--to help more Americans break 
this devastating cycle of drug use, drug abuse, and overdose, and we 
appropriated tens of billions of dollars to fight this scourge.
  As I said and as you can see, no State has been spared the pain and 
suffering from the opioid epidemic, but we do know some have been hit 
harder than others. For example, one of the States, with the darkest 
color, with the highest rate of overdose deaths is Ohio. And we can see 
here what had happened in the period, roughly, from 2009 to 2019.
  From 2009 to 2019, 10 years, there were more than 33,000 drug 
overdoses and deaths in Ohio alone--33,000 Ohioans, each with their 
unique value, contribution, and story. It is an absolutely 
heartbreaking number of deaths that should have been prevented.
  Another one of those States with the worst problems with opioids was 
New Hampshire. In 2013, the drug overdose deaths per capita were 
slightly above the national average, at 15 deaths per 100,000. In New 
Hampshire, in 2016, just 3 years later, the death rate increased 158 
percent.
  First responders across New Hampshire experienced a dramatic increase 
in the calls they got for overdoses so they started carrying Narcan, a 
medication used to reverse an overdose if you get there in time before 
the overdosed individual dies. They carry them in their emergency gear 
because these overdose calls became so common.
  Another one of those States hit particularly hard is West Virginia. 
In 2019, West Virginia had the highest overdose deaths per capita. For 
every 100,000 population, more than 52 were from an overdose, double 
the national figure. That is 21.6 per 100,000 that went up--that is the 
national--and the West Virginia number is double, as you can see.
  Our friend Senator Capito has been a tireless advocate for West 
Virginia families, many of whom have felt the pain of this crisis 
firsthand. She recently wrote an op-ed about this nominee and the 
contradictory and confounding statements she has made in the past, 
particularly on drug policy.
  Senator Capito wrote:

       It's hard to imagine the level of devastation [that] we 
     would see if all of these drugs actually were legalized. And, 
     it's even harder to imagine that a nominee for a critical law 
     enforcement position would hold this view.

  I completely agree with our friend from West Virginia. Given the ruin 
that the opioid epidemic has dealt in communities across the country, I 
can't even begin to imagine how much worse it would be had the States 
heeded Ms. Gupta's call to decriminalize all drugs for personal use. If 
fentanyl, heroin, methamphetamine, and other highly addictive drugs 
were decriminalized, how many more Americans would become addicted? How 
many more would have died? How many more families would suffer the loss 
of a child? a sibling? a parent?
  I am profoundly concerned by Ms. Gupta's prior statements on drug 
policy, as well as her radical statements on defunding the police, 
disarming the police in civil lawsuits by eliminating qualified 
immunity, abolishing the death penalty for the most heinous crimes, and 
so much more.
  Worse, though, is her inability to be honest about her position on 
issues that would directly fall within her purview at the Department of 
Justice. The American people deserve to know that leaders at any 
government Department or Agency--but especially the Department of 
Justice--they deserve to know that these public servants are honest and 
will tell them the truth. As Ms. Gupta's upside-down Pinocchio 
indicates, no Senator can have the confidence that Ms. Gupta would be 
honest with them or tell them the truth.
  We hold hearings. We put witnesses under oath promising to tell the 
truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help me God, and 
we don't expect people will come into those hearings and lie. We ask 
followup questions. Perhaps there was some misunderstanding that you 
would like to clear up.
  Believe it or not, Ms. Gupta answered a written question under oath 
stating that she had never advocated for the decriminalization of all 
drugs, even

[[Page S2096]]

though in 2012, in an op-ed she published in the Huff Post, she did 
exactly that. But then, for some reason, she decided to lie about it 
under oath to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee. If she would lie to 
us, she would lie to you. And I fail to see how, for some reason, we 
think she will change the way she acts or behaves or improve her 
standard of behavior when it comes to honesty and truthfulness. We hold 
these hearings and ask these questions to understand the opinions and 
the character and the motivation of these nominees. But based on what 
the Senate has learned about Vanita Gupta, I don't believe she is fit 
to serve as the Associate Attorney General.

  The Department of Justice, perhaps more than any other Department or 
Agency, must be led by men and women of honesty and integrity, people 
like Merrick Garland and people like Lisa Monaco who received 
overwhelming bipartisan votes here on the Senate floor. High-ranking 
public officials at the Department of Justice cannot be motivated by 
partisanship. They must pursue no other agenda other than fair and 
impartial justice.
  In contrast, Ms. Gupta has shown she is a partisan activist with a 
penchant for skirting the truth. If confirmed as Associate Attorney 
General, I believe she has the potential to use the powerful tools at 
the Department of Justice to wage partisan warfare that has been part 
of her professional career to this point. If we can't trust her to be 
honest with us, how can we expect her to fulfill her duty of candor in 
courtrooms, including all aspects of the legal process that depend on 
honest, truthful answers and communications.
  If we can't depend on her to tell the truth at the Senate Judiciary 
Committee in the confirmation hearing, how can we depend on her to 
exercise her duty of candor when applying for a warrant from the 
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, for example.
  Sadly, I believe Ms. Gupta will be a clear and present danger to the 
American people if she is given the muscle and might of the Department 
of Justice, as well as the entire Federal Government of the United 
States of America.
  I cannot support her nomination, and I would urge all of my 
colleagues to do likewise.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The majority whip.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, it has been many years ago that I went to 
law school, and I still remember some of the courses and some of the 
teachers and certainly some of my grades. One of the most interesting 
courses that should have been required of every student in every law 
school in America basically was about this document, this Constitution, 
because in its simplicity, you are sometimes put off by the fact that 
there is real wisdom behind the words, and applying them in real life 
can take twists and turns. I found one way, a quick course in 
constitutional law, where average people come to understand the Bill of 
Rights better than most, and I found this when I was practicing law in 
Springfield, IL.
  I would get a telephone call from a parent who would say to me: 
Durbin, you have got to help me. They arrested my 17-year-old son for 
possession of marijuana. What are his rights under the Constitution? 
Did they give him a Miranda warning?
  I started hearing things from parents coming back to me about this 
document, which I was surprised--surprised to hear. The point I am 
trying to make is this: The many years ago when I was practicing law in 
Springfield, IL, we were going through a learning process about drugs 
and addiction, and it has continued to this day. In fact, I don't 
believe there is a single Senator on either side of the aisle who would 
say: You know, I have been here 20 years or plus, and I have never 
changed my views on drugs. Maybe some feel that way. I am not one of 
them.
  There have been dramatic changes in the American attitude toward 
drugs. I think we know that, obviously. There have been changes in many 
States. In my State of Illinois, I think about that parent who called 
so many years ago--in a State where the sale and possession of 
marijuana and products made with marijuana is now legal and taxed.
  Things have changed dramatically when it comes to drugs. There are 
very few people who hold to the old school, which says: Simple 
possession of one marijuana cigarette, and we are going to put you in 
jail and throw away the key.
  No, it has changed a lot. In fact, it has changed in Washington so 
much so that there was a bill called the FIRST STEP Act. The FIRST STEP 
Act was a bill that I worked on with Senator Grassley and Senator Lee 
and Senator Booker, who is here today, that basically said: We are 
changing our attitude toward drugs. Simple possession of a small amount 
of drugs will not require a mandatory minimum sentence because we have 
seen the terrible outcome otherwise.
  We put that bill together on a bipartisan basis, and President Donald 
Trump signed the bill into law. He not only signed it but came before 
us in the State of the Union Address and was proud of the fact that he 
had changed and reformed drug laws.
  So when I hear the arguments made on the floor that perhaps some 
nominee coming before us may have changed her or his opinion on drugs 
as, say, America has, by and large, think about what has happened with 
this opioid crisis now that it is no longer just an--I say ``just,'' 
underlined--an inner-city crime but a crime that affects families who 
live in wealthy suburbs. We now are looking at addiction so 
differently.
  So let's go to this issue of Vanita Gupta and her positions on drugs. 
In questions for the record, Senator Cornyn, the senior Senator from 
Texas, asked Vanita Gupta what research, books, studies, and other 
material did you rely on before concluding that ``all drugs should be 
legal''?
  Gupta said that she has never said that all drugs should be legal or 
completely decriminalized.
  In his floor speech last week, Senator Cornyn claimed 15 times that 
Gupta had lied in response to this question. Senator Cornyn held up a 
poster purportedly showing that Gupta had denied ever making a 2012 
statement in favor of decriminalizing the simple possession of small 
amounts of drugs. The Senator said: If you publish an op-ed saying the 
sky is purple and now you say the sky is blue, don't tell us you never 
thought the sky was purple.
  Senator Cornyn's claim, I am afraid, is false. Vanita Gupta was 
completely honest and forthright. Cornyn's poster left out the very 
next sentence of Gupta's response, in which she clearly acknowledged 
her past position on decriminalizing the simple possession of drugs. 
Gupta stated, and I quote: ``I have never advocated for the 
decriminalization of all drugs, and I do not support the 
decriminalization of all drugs. In 2012, nine years ago, I coauthored 
an article that advocated for states to decriminalize and defelonize 
simple possession of all drugs, particularly marijuana, and for small 
amounts of other drugs.''
  Does this sound like a person who is on a crusade to promote 
fentanyl, opioids, heroin? It sounds like a person who might have voted 
for the FIRST STEP Act, signed into law by President Donald Trump, who 
said we have to take an honest look at what arrest and imprisonment for 
simple possession of drugs has done to America. When one out of three 
Black adult males, has, unfortunately, a history of incarceration, it 
raises a question about overincarcerating for possession--possession--
of drugs. So I think this argument that she cannot be trusted on the 
issue of drugs falls apart when you read what she actually said.
  Then there is the question of defunding the police. I don't know who 
dreamed up that phrase. I don't think much of it. I have never espoused 
it nor argued for it because I think it is so misleading, and, in many 
respects, it has been exploited.
  Republicans like to claim that Vanita Gupta supports efforts to 
defund the police. She has never called for defunding the police. 
Suggesting she has done so, including an ad by the conservative, dark 
money-funded Judicial Crisis Network--they pop up around here whenever 
mysterious groups want to spend millions of dollars to discredit 
someone. These claims in that ad are patently false.
  A Washington Post editorial wrote of the Judicial Crisis Network 
claim: ``Awkwardly, there's zero proof of that, including in the ad's 
own footnoted citation.'' The Washington Post called Judicial Crisis 
Network's ad a ``baseless smear campaign,'' ``categorically

[[Page S2097]]

dishonest,'' and ``mainly notable for the magnitude of lies and 
distortions it crams into 30 seconds.''
  And listen to the response and the source. The executive director of 
the National Fraternal Order of Police, Jim Pasco, called this ad that 
claimed that Gupta wanted to defund the police--do you know what he 
called it?--``partisan demagoguery.'' And yet we still hear it on the 
floor of the Senate as if it is gospel truth.
  The Fraternal Order of Police supports Vanita Gupta's nomination to 
this position in the Department of Justice, and they aren't the only 
ones. Virtually every major law enforcement group supports Vanita 
Gupta. You wouldn't know that, would you, when you hear on the floor 
that she wants to legalize all drugs and take the money away from 
police. Those simplistic statements belie the truth and the fact that 
these organizations support her.
  The Republicans, starting with Senator McConnell and continuing to 
this moment, will not acknowledge the obvious. These are hard-nosed 
organizations that don't give their endorsement out easily, and they 
weren't fooled by Vanita Gupta. They know Vanita Gupta.
  In a letter to the Senate endorsing Gupta's nomination, the president 
of the Major County Sheriffs' Association of America--that is a pretty 
hard-nosed group. Here is what they wrote: ``During our meetings, Ms. 
Gupta emphasized that she does not support efforts to defund the 
police.'' They addressed it directly. They didn't beat around the bush. 
You don't expect them to; do you?
  During her tenure at the Justice Department, Vanita Gupta worked 
closely for law enforcement, which is why the Senate has received 
numerous letters of support for her nomination from law enforcement 
groups. I can go through the list, and it is long. I won't. Trust me, 
it has all been entered into the Record. Every Senator--Democrat and 
Republican--has had a chance to see it.
  But I think there is something more fundamental to this nomination, 
which we are considering Wednesday, April 21, in the year 2021. Late 
yesterday afternoon, a verdict in a trial in Minnesota captured the 
attention of America and other places around the world. We all know 
what it was about. It was about the death of George Floyd and the 
culpability of a law enforcement officer in his death. It was a trial 
that was followed as closely as any trial that I can remember, and the 
verdict against the police officer gave some people the hope that we 
are finally going to walk down that path again of civil rights and be 
honest about it and demand equality under the law for everyone in this 
country in the enforcement of law.
  I hope that happens, and I hope that we can be a part of it--and we 
should be--in the U.S. Senate. But I will tell you, and I can predict 
with certainty, that it is going to be a rocky path for those advocates 
for asserting civil rights. History has shown it, and many of us have 
lived it, at least as witnesses, that those who step out and speak out 
for civil rights and human rights often pay a heavy price.
  One of the people in our history--our recent history--who has done 
just that is Vanita Gupta, the nominee who is before us today.
  I mentioned earlier, and I want to commend to my colleagues and 
anyone else, this book ``Tulia,'' written by a man named Nate 
Blakeslee. It is a story of a town in Texas. I want to briefly describe 
to you why they would write a book about this town in Texas.
  Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, at the appropriate time, I would ask the 
Senator to yield for a brief question. But I don't want to interrupt 
him in his train of thought.
  Mr. DURBIN. Sure.
  Let me read the summary of this book and the book cover. I have had a 
chance to read parts of it but not in its entirety. Here is what it 
says: ``Early one morning in the summer of 1999, authorities in the 
tiny West Texas town of Tulia began a roundup of suspected drug 
dealers. By the time the sweep was done, over 40 people had been 
arrested and one out of every five black adults in town was behind 
bars, all accused of dealing cocaine to the same undercover officer, 
Tom Coleman. Coleman, the son of a well-known Texas Ranger, had been 
named Officer of the Year in Texas. Not until after the trials, in 
which Coleman's uncorroborated testimony secured sentences as long as 
361 years, did it become apparent that Coleman was not the man he 
claimed to be. By then, two dozen people were imprisoned, and the town 
of Tulia had become a battlefield in the national debate over the war 
on drugs.''

  And there they sat, dozens of them, in prison, accused of serious 
drug crimes.
  And then a young lady graduated from law school and went to work in 
the area of civil rights. Six months out of law school, she traveled to 
Tulia, TX. Her assignment? Bring justice to the situation. I can't 
imagine, 6 months out of law school, barely having passed some State's 
bar exam, to be given that assignment. The woman, of course, was Vanita 
Gupta, and she got on a plane from New York. Her civil rights 
organization sent her to Tulia, TX, to take on this injustice.
  By then, they were all sitting in jail. Most of them were African 
American. And she was sent to Tulia, TX, to rescue them and try to help 
them.
  Well, she quickly assessed the situation, decided writs of habeas 
corpus would have to be filed to try to get reconsideration of the 
charges against these individuals, and then she quickly realized she 
was in over her head. She couldn't do this alone. There were too many 
cases.
  So she went back to New York and started calling law firms, saying: I 
need your help. I need pro bono attorneys, volunteer attorneys who will 
help me do this case. She tackled it and took it on, and at the end of 
the day, this brave young woman, whom we are about to vote on in an 
hour and a half, was responsible for leading a team that liberated 
these prisoners.
  The Republican Governor of the State of Texas officially pardoned 
them for the drug crimes they had been charged with, and the State of 
Texas offered damages to them for what they had suffered.
  I can't imagine Vanita Gupta, fresh out of law school, heading down 
to this town of Texas and tackling this. How about that for your first 
assignment? Most new lawyers are stuck in a library looking up 
footnotes and cases. She didn't waste any time but to go down there.
  The reason I raise that is, at this moment today, not even 24 hours 
after the verdict in the trial in Minneapolis, we are going to need 
people just like her who have the courage to stand up for civil rights, 
against what seem to be insurmountable odds, to bring back this Nation 
of ours--Black and White and Brown--together in moving forward.
  I don't believe she should be discredited, dishonored by what is said 
on the floor of the Senate. She should be praised for her courage and 
determination.
  She went on to serve in the Department of Justice as the head of the 
Civil Rights Division. She took that responsibility, and that is not an 
easy assignment. Many times, that division is called on to deal with 
police departments and law enforcement and to tell them the bad news 
that sometimes they had done things that are just plain wrong and 
unacceptable. She did it. She did it with class, with integrity, and 
the same law enforcement organizations have endorsed her today.
  The Republicans who criticize her and they have come to the floor and 
called her a ``radical cultural warrior''--``radical cultural 
warrior.'' Recently, she was just called on the floor ``a clear-and-
present danger.'' I find it hard to imagine that anyone could read or 
know of any section of what she did in this book and describe her as a 
``radical cultural warrior.''
  She brought justice to a situation where few people could have done 
it and did it fresh out of law school. She is an extraordinary person. 
She is a courageous person. She is a person of integrity and honesty 
and dedication to public service. I am happy to support her nomination.
  I will yield for a question.
  Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a question?
  Mr. DURBIN. I yield for a question.
  Mr. CORNYN. This is the quote from the article that Vanita Gupta 
wrote on November 4, 2012. It says: ``States should decriminalize 
simple possession of all drugs, particularly marijuana, and for small 
amounts of other drugs.''

[[Page S2098]]

  And then in her sworn testimony, in response to written questions, 
she said: ``I have never advocated for the decriminalization of all 
drugs, and I do not support the decriminalization of all drugs.''
  In 2012, support for the decriminalization of all drugs; in 2021, ``I 
have never'' supported ``the decriminalization of all drugs.''
  I wonder if my colleague--I just simply can't reconcile those two 
statements, both given under oath to the Judiciary Committee.
  Can you reconcile those statements?
  Mr. DURBIN. Thank you, Senator.
  I will reconcile it in the words of Vanita Gupta: ``In 2012, I 
coauthored an article that advocated for states to decriminalize and 
defelonize simple possession of all drugs, particularly marijuana, and 
for small amounts of other drugs.''
  How much more clarity do you need?
  Now, you and I know that we live by our words. And many times, even 
as Senators, people find statements and speeches that we have made and 
come back and challenge us. And I would just say, her statement is not 
only clear, it is a mainstream statement. To argue that this woman is 
for legalizing all drugs, as someone has suggested, is ridiculous. She 
has never said that, and she had made it clear what her position is, 
and it is a position which most Americans share.
  Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I would ask the Senator to yield for one 
last question.
  We can all understand how people's views change over time, but there 
is no way to reconcile these two statements, 2012 and 2021, which is 
the reason I believe that Ms. Gupta, for some reason lost to me, 
decided to tell the Senate Judiciary Committee two inherently 
conflicting statements under oath.
  She could have gotten out of it the easy way and said: ``Well, I made 
a mistake'' or ``I forgot'' or ``My views changed over time.'' I would 
have accepted that. But to come back on questions for the record and to 
state something that is 180 degrees opposed to her views in 2012--I 
have not heard her, I have not heard the distinguished majority whip, I 
have not heard anybody be able to reconcile those two statements.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I reclaim my time, if the Senator is 
finished.
  So do you believe that the Fraternal Order of Police thinks that she 
wants to decriminalize and legalize all drugs? Do you think the county 
sheriffs association believes that? Do you think they ever would have 
endorsed her nomination if they believed that for 1 minute?
  They don't. I don't. Her words are clear.
  The Senator from New Jersey had a question.
  Mr. BOOKER. Mr. President, I appreciate that. I want to acknowledge 
my speaking time was far earlier. I am supposed to be presiding right 
now, but I did not want to get between. I am but a mouse in the U.S. 
Senate, as a junior person. Those are two elephant titans over there.
  Mr. DURBIN. Let me stipulate, Mr. President, a pretty large mouse.
  Mr. BOOKER. I appreciate the indulgence of the Presiding Officer. I 
wanted to just give general remarks about Vanita Gupta, but I would 
love to weigh in and maybe pick up exactly where Senator Durbin left 
off.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I will tell you what, let me end my 
remarks, then, and just say to the Senator from New Jersey, I am here 
to listen to him as well and to close by saying this extraordinary 
woman is presenting her credentials for approval by the U.S. Senate at 
exactly the right moment in history.
  We need, in the Department of Justice, Vanita Gupta, who has given a 
lifetime of courageous service in the pursuit of justice and in the 
pursuit of civil rights.
  Is there a lesson from Minnesota that we should bring to the floor of 
the Senate? It is the fact that we need people like her who can 
communicate effectively with law enforcement and civil rights groups 
and resolve our differences, more at this moment in history than ever.
  If you can still remember that verdict--and I will remember it for a 
long, long time, as others will--when you cast your vote on the Senate 
floor today, vote for Vanita Gupta to be part of this Department of 
Justice team.
  At this moment in American history, never have we needed a person 
with her qualifications more than at this moment.
  I yield the floor.
  Mr. BOOKER. Mr. President, I appreciate Senator Durbin quickly 
wrapping up his remarks and indulging me. I had some prepared remarks, 
but I want to break away from them.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Jersey.
  Mr. BOOKER. Mr. President, thank you very much for the recognition.
  I think--I am not sure, but I think I am the only Senator here who 
lives in a low-income, Black and Brown community in the U.S. Senate. I 
live in a beautiful neighborhood in the beautiful Central Ward of 
Newark, NJ.
  We don't mistake wealth with worth. In fact, I went off to get a 
fancy education. I may have gotten my B.A. from Stanford, but I got my 
Ph.D. on the streets of Newark, learning from some of the most 
incredible people I have ever encountered in my life.
  If there is one lesson that I have learned early in my days, in the 
1990s, living in the Central Ward of Newark at the height of the drug 
war, it is that this War on Drugs was not a War on Drugs; it was a war 
on people--and not all people but certain people. It was a war on poor 
people. It was a war on Black people.
  And it was destroying lives. People were getting criminal convictions 
for doing things that two of the last four Presidents admitted to 
doing--simple possession, getting criminal convictions for it.
  And here is what is even more anguishing at a time in the opioid 
addiction where everybody now is on the same page that people who are 
addicted deserve to have treatment. Back in those days, churned into 
the criminal justice system were African Americans, for simple 
possession, who were in desperate need of compassion and care and love 
and treatment.
  And this gets me to Vanita Gupta. I watched the two statements that 
my friend and colleague from Texas put up, there--screaming--the 
difference between those two statements: I don't support the 
legalization of all drugs, but I do support the decriminalization of 
small amounts of drugs and getting people help and not a lifetime 
scarlet letter of being a convicted criminal.
  She does not support the decriminalization of all drugs. I am glad to 
see that she is looking at the challenge that we have in this country 
of arresting people who need help.
  And my friend Senator Durbin, with great patience and not relying on 
raising his voice like I do, a real gentleman, said it simply: Vanita 
Gupta is not a partisan. She is a patriot.
  Look at her career. I mean, my mom used to tell me: Who you are 
speaks so loudly I can't hear what you say. In other words, judge a 
person by what they have done in their life, how they have lived, where 
they have sacrificed, what commitments they have made.
  You chart Vanita's career, from her activism in law school to defend 
the Constitution, from her very first assignment as a lawyer in Texas 
defending an outrage of injustice--and winning. Where are the people 
lining up to criticize her in those days working in her nonprofit work?
  And then, for the great high salaries of Department of Justice 
workers, she goes to lead the Civil Rights Division. Are there people 
coming forward from their experiences? Are there police officers, are 
there police agencies, are there police groups coming forward to say: 
When she had that high and vaunted position in the Department of 
Justice, did she do something that so showed her partisanship?

  Not one. In fact, quite the contrary to that, group after group of 
police organizations are coming forward and saying: She is not a 
partisan; she is a patriot. I stand by her. She is not a Democrat or a 
Republican; she is an honest broker, a fair actor who pursues justice.
  She has conservatives who are partisans supporting her. I mean, that 
is the thing that gets me. We see partisan appointees all the time in 
here, but here is a woman who actually got people--Mark Holden from the 
Koch brothers organization is supporting her.
  So I understand that maybe people are taking words and twisting them. 
There is not a Member of this body who

[[Page S2099]]

hasn't had that experience, when the intention, the good will, the 
honesty behind the words is distorted and twisted by millions of 
dollars from outside organizations that somehow want to destroy this 
woman.
  I know Vanita Gupta. She is not just somebody I have a professional 
relationship with. I confess to the floor of the U.S. Senate, she has 
been my friend for years. I had occasion to talk to her dad, not during 
this time when she was nominated--months ago.
  God, the stories he related about her, the pride that beamed through 
the telephone about her, about how he came from India with $8 in his 
pocket, with an immigrant's dream, and now he gets to see his daughters 
living lives of service, and how his children were wired this way, to 
so appreciate this Nation as immigrants, to know that this Nation was 
formed around the highest ideals of humanity, and to see his two 
daughters pursuing the cause of our country to make this a more perfect 
Union around the ideals of liberty and justice. That is Vanita Gupta's 
life.
  I have had private conversations with her for years about these 
issues that now she is being accused on. And she is not some radical 
partisan. She has a heart and a compassion for human beings that, to 
me, inspires my actions.
  And this is what hurts the most because somehow I have seen it in our 
society, when a woman stands up and is strong and defiantly dedicated 
to ideals that are not made real in reality, they are attacked again 
and again and again. I have seen it in my own party between 
Presidential candidates. The treatment that the public and the press 
gives one who is the woman is far different than the same standards 
they put to the man.
  And then--God bless America--there is something about women of color 
that seems to really get them outrageous attacks. I have seen it 
through my culture's history. They hunted Harriet Tubman. They despised 
Sojourner Truth. They belittled Rosa Parks.
  There seems to be something about strength, something about talent, 
something about being willing to tell the truth that generates 
something, that tries to relegate Black women and women of color to be 
hidden figures in history.
  I see it in every element of our country--even in the medical 
profession, for God's sake. Even when you control for income and 
education, Black women giving birth, their pain is not attended to; 
they are underestimated for the struggles they are in; and they die 
four times more often than White women.
  So with this woman I have known for years, I have seen her in private 
and public. I have seen her go to work with Republicans, join arm in 
arm with them in bettering our country. I have seen her serve from her 
twenties and thirties. I have seen her be, in every step of her career, 
committed to our country, sacrifice for it.
  Here we stand on the Senate floor. And I tell you, on the day after 
the verdict of George Floyd, where I saw other patriots tell the truth 
on the stand, police officers break with the waves of history, the 
streams and currents, to tell the truth, this is a moment that I have 
to tell the truth.
  This is a good American, a great American, honest, committed, who has 
sacrificed for her country. And in a time of injustice still, where our 
jails and our prisons are filled with people who are hurt, when we, the 
land of the free, have one out of every four incarcerated people and, 
get this, one of out of every three incarcerated women on the planet 
Earth in our jails and prisons--where almost 90 percent of them are 
survivors of sexual assault--this is the time we need more compassion; 
this is the time we need more empathy; this is the time we need more 
civic grace toward one another.
  And Vanita embodies that. She stands for that in every fiber of her 
being. Her career echoes with that spirit. Should we confirm her to 
this position, I promise you here on the Senate floor before the flag 
of my country, she will do this Nation proud, committed. She will never 
mistake popularity for that purpose. She will never be distracted by 
the partisan games going on in the Capitol. She will be committed to 
the higher calling.
  I ask my colleagues to step back for a moment and see the truth of 
who she is, who police organizations say she is, who prominent 
conservatives say she is, to see the person her dad says she is and 
elevate this incredible person, this incredible woman of color, to a 
position that desperately--to a nation that desperately needs this kind 
of leader.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Alaska.
  Ms. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I didn't come to the floor to speak to 
the nominee who is before us this afternoon, but following the very 
impassioned comments by my colleagues, in fairness, on both sides of 
the aisle and recognizing the vote that I just took about an hour ago 
to advance Vanita Gupta to this position, I will take just a moment to 
explain where I am coming from and why I will be supporting her final 
confirmation in just an hour.
  I have looked at her record. I have had an extensive sitdown with 
her. I am impressed with not only her professional credentials but 
really the level of experience, but more to the comments that we just 
heard on the floor, the passion that she carries with her in the work 
that she performs.
  I think it is fair to say we will all agree her confirmation has been 
very challenged. She has had significant back-and-forth in committee. 
She has been elevated with very strong rhetorical words in favor and, 
equally, words of condemnation.
  I asked her point blank: Why do you want this? Is this worth it? 
Because this has been, clearly, very hard on her as a nominee. She 
paused and reflected a moment and just spoke to how she feels called to 
serve in a very personal way that I thought was impactful.
  We had a long discussion about some of the issues that I care deeply 
about in my State as they relate to justice, access to justice, public 
safety, and the real tragedy that we face when it comes to women, 
primarily our Native women, who experience rates of domestic violence 
and sexual assault that are shocking, disturbing, and wrong. Despite 
all that we have as a State, the resources we have, the opportunities 
we have, we have not been able to turn the corner as we have needed to 
in confronting what I believe is a true scourge.
  It is going to take more than resources. Jurisdictionally, it is very 
complicated in Alaska. We don't have reservations. We don't have 
similar law enforcement presence in many parts of the State that you 
might have in the lower 48.
  We have a great deal of work to do as a State. But as we discussed 
these issues, I felt that I was speaking to a woman who had not only 
committed a professional life to try to get to the base of these 
injustices, to try to not just direct a little bit of money, put a 
program in place, walk away, and call it a day, but to truly try to 
make a difference.
  So there are some statements that she has made in some other areas 
that, in fairness, I find troubling and concerning, and part of my job 
will be to ensure that she understands clearly how this translates into 
issues in my State and with our particular issues. But I am going to 
give the benefit of the doubt to a woman who I believe has demonstrated 
through her professional career to be deeply, deeply committed to 
matters of justice. So I will be casting my vote in support of her in 
about an hour here.