[Congressional Record Volume 166, Number 169 (Tuesday, September 29, 2020)]
[Senate]
[Pages S5928-S5929]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]



                             Climate Change

  Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, I am back again, thee and me once 
again together, to discuss climate change as unprecedented wildfires 
scorch the west coast and a deadly hurricane season turns in the 
Atlantic and Americans cry out for action.
  Powerful players outside this Chamber hear that cry, including, 
recently, over 200 CEOs of major American corporations who form the 
Business Roundtable.
  Here are some of the 200 companies represented by those CEOs. As I 
discussed last week, the Business Roundtable just earlier this month 
called for science-based climate policy to reduce carbon pollution, 
consistent with the Paris Agreement, and specifically endorsed carbon 
pricing--from Verizon, to Chevron, to Apple, to Wells Fargo, to 
McKinsey, to American Airlines, to Amazon, to Pfizer, to Ford. It is 
quite the who's-who of corporate America.
  So why, you might ask, did the Business Roundtable do this when 
normally business lobbyists are up here telling us to get out of their 
way? The answer is economics 101. Pollution is the textbook example of 
market failure. A factory dumps toxic pollution into a river, and 
anyone living downstream bears the costs of that pollution. They can't 
use their well, perhaps. Their property values decrease. They may even 
get sick. It is basic economic theory that polluters ought to bear 
those costs, called negative externalities--the downstream costs, if 
you will. Even Milton Friedman, the patron saint of free market 
economics, agreed that polluters should pay the costs associated with 
their pollution.
  For climate change, for the big carbon polluters, this is big bucks. 
The International Monetary Fund calculates that fossil fuel enjoys a 
$600 billion--not million but billion with a ``b''--subsidy in the 
United States every year--every year, $600 billion. It is mostly 
because the industry has managed to offload the costs of carbon 
pollution onto the general public. Why do you think they are so busy 
here in Congress all the time? They are trying to protect that subsidy.
  So if it is economics 101 that a product's price should reflect its 
true cost, and if, in the case of fossil fuels, they are cheating on 
that rule, then a price on carbon pollution, as the Business Roundtable 
recommends, is a correction to that market failure.
  The CEOs also read the same warnings as the rest of us. Dozens of 
central banks, economists, and other financial experts warn of massive 
economic risks caused by our failure to address climate change--risks 
one recent estimate put at triple the 2008 great recession; risks that 
are commonly called systemic, meaning they take down the whole 
financial system, not just fossil fuel. Business executives tend to 
take that kind of warning seriously.
  So this is a good-news story if you look at the business voice coming 
through the Business Roundtable. Here is the problem: The business 
voice doesn't just come through the Business Roundtable; it also comes 
through other groups--groups that are historic enemies of climate 
action, constantly up to climate mischief.
  The very same corporations whose CEOs sent that friendly message 
through the Business Roundtable send the opposite and even louder 
message through these enemy groups, which brings me to the U.S. Chamber 
of Commerce, by far the largest lobbyist in town, a prolific litigator, 
a dark-money elections spender, and an inveterate opponent of serious 
climate action.
  In a recent study by InfluenceMap, the chamber was denominated one of 
the worst climate obstructers in America. In my view, it is not one of 
the worst; it is the worst because of the power that it brings behind 
its message. If you imagine the Business Roundtable as emitting a 
positive political squeak, the chamber can emit a negative political 
roar--and they have for a long time.
  This chart is a partial list of the companies that are members of 
both the Business Roundtable and the Chamber of Commerce. I say it is 
partial because the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, unlike local chambers of 
commerce, is very secretive. It doesn't disclose its funds. It doesn't 
disclose its membership. So the companies here either voluntarily 
disclosed their membership, or the press ferreted it out. So let's look 
at what some of these companies say about climate change and what they 
do through the chamber. Let's start here with Johnson & Johnson.
  Johnson & Johnson is a giant healthcare and consumer goods company. 
You probably have plenty of Johnson & Johnson products around your 
house.
  Through the Business Roundtable, Johnson & Johnson says that climate 
change is serious and that Congress should enact a carbon price. In its 
corporate materials, Johnson & Johnson says that climate change is 
impacting health and that ``risks resulting from a changing climate 
have the potential to negatively impact economies around the world.''
  Johnson & Johnson recognizes the importance of government action, 
stating:

       While companies have a responsibility and ability to 
     [mitigate climate change], the unilateral capabilities of 
     businesses are limited. Addressing these issues requires the 
     collaboration of companies with governments . . . to achieve 
     systemic change at scale.

  So it sounds like the company gets it. But Johnson & Johnson also put 
at least $750,000 behind the chamber last year.

  What did the chamber just do on climate? It filed a brief supporting 
the Trump administration's effort to undo emissions standards for cars 
and trucks set by California but honored across the country. Well, the 
nonpartisan Rhodium Group estimates that revoking those fuel emissions 
standards would result in up to about 600 million metric tons of 
additional CO2 emissions through 2035. That is equal to the 
emissions in a year from 130 million cars or from the electricity 
needed to power 100 million homes.
  So which voice of Johnson & Johnson are we supposed to listen to--the 
Business Roundtable voice or the chamber voice?

[[Page S5929]]

  How about United Airlines. Here is United. United Airlines doesn't 
disclose its funding of the chamber, but it is on the chamber's board, 
so it is likely a major financial backer involved in chamber policy 
decisions. Same thing--through the Business Roundtable, United says 
that climate change is serious and Congress should enact a carbon 
price, and on United's website, you will find good language about 
climate change and the importance of reducing emissions. Indeed, United 
has pledged to cut emissions in half by 2050.
  Meanwhile, what is the chamber, on whose board United sits, doing? 
The watchdog group InfluenceMap has caught the chamber repeatedly 
lobbying the Trump administration to unravel carbon pollution limits. 
So you have to wonder: From its seat on the chamber board, did United 
know about this? Did they do anything to stop those activities? They 
sit on the board, after all.
  Look also at Coca-Cola, one of our most iconic American brands. 
Through the Business Roundtable, Coca-Cola says that climate change is 
serious and that Congress should enact a carbon price. Coca-Cola says 
in its own materials that ``[c]limate change is already having an 
impact on our business at multiple points in our value chain.'' It says 
that it is committed to reducing its emissions. But in 2019, Coca-Cola 
gave the chamber at least $34,000. It didn't disclose the total amount.
  What was the chamber up to on climate? It was in court litigating in 
favor of the Trump administration against efforts to reduce carbon 
pollution from powerplants.
  Now, Coca-Cola and the beverage industry also have a trade 
association of their own, which appears from public reporting to have 
made zero effort on this climate problem, notwithstanding those 
multiple impacts on Coca-Cola's value chain. That trade association 
knows how to lobby when it wants to. On climate, it just doesn't want 
to.
  Let's have a look at AT&T, another one here on the board. I am not 
seeing it right now, so I am going to keep looking as I talk. It is 
another iconic American brand like Coca-Cola, and, like United, AT&T 
sits on the chamber's board. Presumably sitting on the chamber's board, 
it is influential within the organization. In the first 6 months of 
2019, AT&T reported giving the chamber at least $144,000.
  Now, AT&T wants Congress to adopt a very specific climate policy. 
First, of course, through the Business Roundtable, AT&T says that 
climate change is serious and that Congress should enact a carbon 
price. Also, AT&T is a founding member of the Climate Leadership 
Council, and AT&T supports the CLC's detailed carbon price proposal.
  Well, that is through their Business Roundtable and Climate 
Leadership Council voice. What do we hear through their chamber voice? 
Well, I could tell you something about where the chamber is on carbon 
pricing because, with Senators Schatz and Gillibrand and Heinrich, I 
have introduced carbon pricing litigation that is not all that 
different from the CLC proposal. Senators Coons and Feinstein have a 
carbon pricing bill. So does Senator Van Hollen. Senator Durbin, our 
deputy minority leader, just announced one. Over in the House, there 
are multiple carbon pricing bills, including one with over 80 
cosponsors. Has the chamber supported any of these bills? Nope. Not a 
one. Has it even engaged on any of them? Not with me. Not on ours. Not 
that I can tell on any of the others.
  When election season rolls around, the chamber has spent millions 
supporting candidates who oppose comprehensive climate policies. So the 
Chamber message is pretty clear: Don't support a serious carbon price.
  So which voice of AT&T's are we to listen to--the CLC and Roundtable 
positive squeaks about carbon pricing or the chamber's negative roar 
against carbon pricing, the roar that says to members here: Don't you 
dare?
  These companies--all of them--which just said they support carbon 
pricing, are funding a group that is opposing climate action and 
specifically carbon pricing at every turn--in Congress, in court, in 
elections, in regulatory agencies.
  I have called out just a few. There is AT&T right here. I called out 
just a few companies today to make the point, but every one of these 
companies--every one of them--is in the same position. The climate 
policy they support through the Business Roundtable is opposed by the 
entity they support: the chamber.
  They have to straighten that out. Whether you are UPS, Home Depot, 
American Express, Marathon, MetLife, Northrop Grumman, Sales Force, 
Marriott, Abbott, Morgan Stanley, Microsoft, Exelon, Sempra, Southern 
Company, GE, Intel, Citi, PepsiCo--you name it--Anthem, Pfizer, Johnson 
Controls, Lilly, Dow, ExxonMobil.
  You have to straighten this out because these are big and influential 
companies. In fact, this year, the market capitalization of the entire 
oil and gas sector dropped below the market capitalization of just 
Apple. Quartz reported in June that Apple could nearly buy ExxonMobil 
just with cash on hand.
  Yet these companies have been mostly silent while polluters called 
the shots around here in Congress and for a long time. They haven't 
asked hard questions about the chamber's fossil fuel funding, and they 
mostly stood by while the chamber--their own organization--became a 
worst climate obstructor. I think this is beginning to change.
  Last week, I spoke at a CERES, C-E-R-E-S, event on corporate climate 
lobbying during New York Climate Week. Over 100 people from scores of 
different companies participated. The interest among corporations and 
investors in getting a handle on anti-climate lobbying is surging. To 
all of them I said: Change the chamber. Get it to follow the Business 
Roundtable and support carbon pricing. Get it to come to Congress in 
favor of science-based climate policy. Get the truth out of the chamber 
about how much money it has been taking from the fossil fuel industry, 
particularly for these companies who are board members of the chamber. 
You guys have a due diligence duty to know that stuff. Changing that 
behemoth--the anti-climate chamber--would be a sea change indeed. That 
would help finally break the logjam that the fossil fuel industry has 
created here in Congress.
  Let me wrap up by pointing out the obvious, which is that time is 
running out. If we don't act soon, we will lock in the worst 
consequences of climate change for decades. So to these companies I 
ask: Why, if this is as important as you say it is, do you not speak 
with a clear voice? Why do you let corporate America's most powerful 
political mouthpiece oppose you? Look at these companies. Why do you 
tolerate that, and why do you fund it and sit on its board while it 
opposes you? Climate change is not an issue you want to be on both 
sides of, so why are you on both sides of it? Whom do you expect 
Congress to listen to? Which voice of yours are we to take as the real 
one? If you want us to listen to your Business Roundtable voice, you 
better make sure it is not drowned out by the massive business lobby 
that you fund that has been our worst enemy against climate action. You 
all need to wake up.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Indiana