[Congressional Record Volume 166, Number 119 (Monday, June 29, 2020)]
[Senate]
[Pages S3710-S3711]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
SA 2261. Ms. CANTWELL submitted an amendment intended to be proposed
by her to the bill S. 4049, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year
2021 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military
construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy,
to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for
other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:
At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:
SEC. ___. ESTABLISHMENT OF FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE.
(a) Establishment.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of Commerce shall establish
a Federal advisory committee to advise the Secretary on
matters relating to the development of artificial
intelligence.
(2) Designation.--The Federal advisory committee
established under paragraph (1) shall be known as the
``Federal Advisory Committee on the Development and
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence'' (in this section
referred to as the ``Advisory Committee'').
(b) Purposes of the Advisory Committee.--
(1) Advice.--The Advisory Committee shall provide advice to
the Secretary on matters relating to the development and use
of artificial general intelligence and narrow artificial
intelligence, including on the following as they relate to
artificial intelligence:
(A) The competitiveness of the United States, including
matters relating to the promotion of public and private
sector investment and innovation into the development of
artificial intelligence.
(B) Workforce, including matters relating to the potential
for using artificial intelligence for rapid retraining of
workers, due to the possible effect of technological
displacement and to increase the labor force participation of
traditionally underrepresented populations, including
minorities, low-income populations, and persons with
disabilities.
(C) Education, including matters relating to science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics education to prepare
the United States workforce as the needs of employers change.
(D) Ethics training and development for individuals,
including both private and government technologists, working
on and using artificial intelligence.
(E) Matters relating to open sharing of data and the open
sharing of research on artificial intelligence.
(F) International cooperation and competitiveness,
including matters relating to the competitive international
landscape for artificial intelligence-related industries.
(G) Accountability and legal rights, including matters
relating to the responsibility for any violations of laws by
an artificial intelligence system and the compatibility of
international regulations.
(H) Matters relating to machine learning bias through core
cultural and societal norms.
(I) Matters relating to how artificial intelligence can
serve or enhance opportunities in rural communities.
(J) Government efficiency, including matters relating to
how to promote cost saving and streamline operations.
(K) Matters relating to individual civil rights, including
an assessment regarding how rights are or will be affected by
the use of artificial intelligence technology and whether
such uses should be subject to additional controls,
oversight, or limitations.
(L) Matters relating to urbanization and the development of
smart cities.
(2) Study.--The Advisory Committee shall study and assess
the following:
(A) How the term ``artificial intelligence'' should be
defined for purposes of this section and how the relevant
scope of the Advisory Committee should be defined, including
how such definitions relate to artificial systems and both
narrow and general forms of artificial intelligence. In
carrying out this subparagraph, the Advisory Committee shall
consider the following:
``(1) The term `artificial intelligence' includes the
following:
``(A) Any artificial systems that perform tasks under
varying and unpredictable circumstances, without significant
human oversight, or that can learn from their experience and
improve their performance. Such systems may be developed in
computer software, physical hardware, or other contexts not
yet contemplated. They may solve tasks requiring human-like
perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or
physical action. In general, the more human-like the system
within the context of its tasks, the more it can be said to
use artificial intelligence.
``(B) Systems that think like humans, such as cognitive
architectures and neural networks.
``(C) Systems that act like humans, such as systems that
can pass the Turing test or other comparable test via natural
language processing, knowledge representation, automated
reasoning, and learning.
``(D) A set of techniques, including machine learning, that
seek to approximate some cognitive task.
``(E) Systems that act rationally, such as intelligent
software agents and embodied robots that achieve goals via
perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating,
decisionmaking, and acting.
``(2) The term `artificial general intelligence' means a
notional future artificial intelligence system that exhibits
apparently intelligent behavior at least as advanced as a
person across the range of cognitive, emotional, and social
behaviors.
``(3) The term `narrow artificial intelligence' means an
artificial intelligence system that addresses specific
application areas such as playing strategic games, language
translation, self-driving vehicles, and facial or other image
recognition.''.
(B) How to create a climate for public and private sector
investment and innovation in artificial intelligence.
(C) The possible benefits and effects that the development
of artificial intelligence may have on the economy,
workforce, and competitiveness of the United States.
(D) Whether and how networked, automated, artificial
intelligence applications and robotic devices will displace
or create jobs and how any job-related gains relating to
artificial intelligence can be maximized.
(E) How bias can be identified and eliminated in the
development of artificial intelligence and in the algorithms
that support them, including with respect to the following:
(i) The selection and processing of data used to train
artificial intelligence.
(ii) Diversity in the development of artificial
intelligence.
(iii) The ways and places the systems are deployed and the
potential harmful outcomes.
(F) Whether and how to incorporate ethical standards in the
development and implementation of artificial intelligence.
(G) How the Federal Government can encourage technological
progress in implementation of artificial intelligence that
benefits the full spectrum of social and economic classes.
(H) How the privacy rights of individuals are or will be
affected by technological innovation relating to artificial
intelligence.
(I) Whether technological advancements in artificial
intelligence have or will outpace the legal and regulatory
regimes implemented to protect consumers.
(J) How existing laws, including those concerning data
access and privacy, should be modernized to enable the
potential of artificial intelligence.
(K) How the Federal Government utilizes artificial
intelligence to handle large or complex data sets.
(L) How ongoing dialogues and consultations with multi-
stakeholder groups can maximize the potential of artificial
intelligence and further development of artificial
intelligence technologies that can benefit everyone
inclusively.
(M) How the development of artificial intelligence can
affect cost savings and streamline operations in various
areas of government operations, including health care,
cybersecurity, infrastructure, and disaster recovery.
(N) Such other matters as the Advisory Committee considers
appropriate.
(3) Reports and recommendations.--
(A) Report by advisory committee.--Not later than 540 days
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Advisory
Committee shall submit to the Secretary and to Congress a
report on the findings of the Advisory Committee and such
recommendations as the Advisory Committee may have
[[Page S3711]]
for administrative or legislative action relating to
artificial intelligence.
(B) Recommendations of secretary.--Not later than 90 days
after receiving the report submitted under subparagraph (A),
the Secretary shall review the report and submit to Congress
such recommendations as the Secretary may have with respect
to the matters contained in the report submitted under
subparagraph (A).
(c) Membership.--
(1) Voting members.--
(A) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed
of 19 voting members who shall be appointed by the Secretary,
with advisement from the Chair and Ranking Member of the
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
Senate and the Chair and Ranking Member of the Committee on
Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, for
purposes of the Advisory Committee from among individuals
with expertise in matters relating to workforce development,
ethics, privacy, artificial intelligence, or computer
science.
(B) Representation.--In carrying out subparagraph (A), the
Secretary shall ensure that voting members are appointed as
follows:
(i) Five members from the academic or research community.
(ii) Six members from private industry, at least 1 of whom
shall be from a small business concern.
(iii) Six members from civil society, at least 2 of whom
shall be from groups that advocate for civil liberties or
civil rights.
(iv) Two members from labor organizations or groups,
including those that represent the unique interests of
traditionally underrepresented populations.
(C) Geographical diversity.--In carrying out subparagraph
(A), the Secretary shall ensure that the voting members of
the Advisory Committee come from diverse geographical
locations within the United States.
(2) Nonvoting members.--The Advisory Committee shall also
be composed of such nonvoting members as the Secretary
considers appropriate, except that the Secretary shall
appoint at least 1 such member from each of the following:
(A) The Department of Education.
(B) The Department of Justice.
(C) The Department of Labor.
(D) The Department of Transportation.
(E) The Department of Homeland Security.
(F) The Federal Trade Commission.
(G) The National Institute of Standards and Technology.
(H) The National Science Foundation.
(I) The National Science and Technology Council.
(J) The intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of
the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)).
(K) The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board.
(L) Such other nonvoting members as the voting members of
the Advisory Committee consider appropriate.
(3) Chairperson.--The Secretary shall appoint a chairperson
for the Advisory Committee from among the members appointed
under paragraph (1).
(d) Meetings.--The Advisory Committee shall meet--
(1) in person no less frequently than twice each year; and
(2) via telepresence no less frequently than once every 2
months.
(e) Powers.--In order to carry out its duties under
subsection (b), the Advisory Committee may--
(1) hold such hearings, sit and act at such times and
places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence as the
Advisory Committee considers appropriate;
(2) submit to Congress such recommendations as the Advisory
Committee considers appropriate;
(3) submit to Federal agencies such recommendations as the
Advisory Committee considers appropriate;
(4) issue reports, guidelines, and memoranda;
(5) hold or host conferences and symposia;
(6) enter into cooperative agreements with third-party
experts to obtain relevant advice or expertise, and oversee
staff;
(7) establish subcommittees; and
(8) establish rules of procedure.
(f) Travel Expenses.--The members of the Advisory Committee
shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu
of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies
under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States
Code, while away from their homes or regular places of
business in the performance of services for the Advisory
Committee.
(g) Funding.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2),
amounts to carry out this section shall be derived from
amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the
Secretary.
(2) Donations.--
(A) Authorization.--The Advisory Committee may solicit and
accept donations from private persons and non-Federal
entities to carry out this section.
(B) Limitation.--Of the amounts expended by the Advisory
Committee in a fiscal year to carry out this section, not
more than half may be derived from amounts received under
subparagraph (A).
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