[Congressional Record Volume 166, Number 117 (Thursday, June 25, 2020)]
[Senate]
[Pages S3495-S3501]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

  SA 2031. Mr. CRAPO (for himself, Ms. Stabenow, and Mr. Risch) 
submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 
4049, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2021 for military 
activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and 
for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe 
military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other 
purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the end of division A, add the following:

            TITLE XVII--IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSITION ASSISTANCE

     SEC. 1701. SHORT TITLE; DEFINITION.

       (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the 
     ``Improving Preparation and Resources for Occupational, 
     Vocational, and

[[Page S3496]]

     Educational Transition for Servicemembers Act'' or ``IMPROVE 
     Transition for Servicemembers Act''.
       (b) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.--In this 
     Act, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
       (1) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on 
     Veterans' Affairs of the Senate; and
       (2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on 
     Veterans' Affairs of the House of Representatives.

     SEC. 1702. RECODIFICATION, CONSOLIDATION, AND IMPROVEMENT OF 
                   CERTAIN TRANSITION-RELATED COUNSELING AND 
                   ASSISTANCE AUTHORITIES.

       (a) Recodification, Consolidation, and Improvement of 
     Authorities.--
       (1) In general.--Chapter 58 of title 10, United States 
     Code, is amended by striking sections 1142 and 1144 and 
     inserting after section 1141 the following new section 1142:

     ``Sec. 1142. Transition-related counseling and services: 
       Transition Assistance Program

       ``(a) Program Required.--
       ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Defense and the 
     Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast 
     Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy 
     shall, in cooperation with the Secretary of Labor and the 
     Secretary of Veterans Affairs, carry out a program to furnish 
     individual counseling, information and services described in 
     paragraph (2) to members of the armed forces under the 
     jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of 
     Homeland Security, as applicable, whose retirement, 
     separation, or release from active duty is anticipated as of 
     a specific date, and to the spouses of such members. The 
     program shall be known as the `Transition Assistance 
     Program'.
       ``(2) Counseling, information, and services.--The 
     counseling, information, and services furnished under the 
     program (in this section referred to as `covered counseling, 
     information, and services') shall include the following in 
     connection with the transition from military life to civilian 
     life:
       ``(A) Information on the topics described in subsection 
     (f).
       ``(B) Training, employment assistance, and other related 
     information and services, including as described in 
     subsection (h).
       ``(C) Such other counseling, information, and services as 
     the Secretaries referred to in paragraph (1) consider 
     appropriate to assist members of the armed forces, and their 
     spouses, in the transition from military life to civilian 
     life.
       ``(3) Agreement.--The Secretaries referred to in paragraph 
     (1) (in this section referred to as the `administering 
     Secretaries') shall enter into a detailed agreement to carry 
     out this section.
       ``(4) Certain responsibilities.--In carrying out the 
     program, the administering Secretaries shall do the 
     following:
       ``(A) Work together to develop and revise necessary 
     training documents, resources, and curriculum for the 
     purposes of the program.
       ``(B) In providing information in connection with 
     preseparation counseling under subsection (f)(4), use 
     experience obtained from implementation of the pilot program 
     under section 408 of Public Law 101-237.
       ``(C) Work with military and veterans' service 
     organizations and other appropriate organizations to promote 
     and publicize job fairs for members furnished covered 
     counseling, information, and services under the program.
       ``(D) In the case of members furnished covered counseling, 
     information, and services under the program who have a 
     spouse--
       ``(i) include the spouse in such counseling, information, 
     and services, at the election of the member and the spouse; 
     and
       ``(ii) provide job placement counseling for the spouse in 
     connection with the transition of the member from military 
     life to civilian life.
       ``(b) Participation of Members Required.--The Secretary of 
     Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall require 
     the participation in the program under this section of all 
     members eligible for assistance under the program.
       ``(c) Service Required Before Furnishing of Preseparation 
     Counseling.--
       ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary 
     concerned shall not furnish preseparation counseling under 
     the program under this section to a member who is being 
     discharged or released before the completion of the first 180 
     continuous days of active duty of the member.
       ``(2) Retirement or separation for disability.--Paragraph 
     (1) shall not apply in the case of a member who is being 
     retired or separated for disability.
       ``(3) Determination of duration of service.--For purposes 
     of calculating the days of active duty of a member under 
     paragraph (1), the Secretary concerned shall exclude any day 
     as follows:
       ``(A) Any day on which the member performed full-time 
     training duty or annual training duty.
       ``(B) Any day on which the member attended, while in the 
     active military service, a school designated as a service 
     school by law or by the Secretary concerned.
       ``(d) Commencement and Completion.--
       ``(1) Commencement.--
       ``(A) Retiring members.--In the case of a member who is 
     retiring from the armed forces, the furnishing of covered 
     counseling, information, and services to such member under 
     the program under this section shall commence as early as 
     possible during the 24-month period preceding the anticipated 
     retirement date.
       ``(B) Members separated or released.--In the case of a 
     member who is being separated or released from the armed 
     forces (other than by retirement), the furnishing of 
     counseling, information, and services to such member under 
     the program shall commence not later than 365 days before the 
     anticipated separation or release date.
       ``(C) Deadline for commencement.--Except as provided in 
     paragraph (4), under no circumstances shall the furnishing of 
     covered counseling, information, and services to a member 
     under the program commence later than 365 days before the 
     date of retirement, separation, or release of the member from 
     the armed forces.
       ``(2) Completion.--Except as provided in paragraph (4), the 
     furnishing of covered counseling, information, and services 
     to a member under the program shall be completed as follows:
       ``(A) In the case of a member retiring from the armed 
     forces, by not later than 120 days before the date of 
     retirement.
       ``(B) In the case of a member otherwise being separated or 
     released from the armed forces, by not later than 90 days 
     before the date of separation or release.
       ``(3) Construction.--Nothing in this subsection may be 
     construed to prohibit the furnishing of covered counseling, 
     information, and services to a member under the program, or 
     other counseling, assistance, and information and services 
     similar to covered counseling, information, and services, at 
     times other than the times provided for by paragraphs (1) and 
     (2).
       ``(4) Unanticipated retirement, separation, or release in 
     connection with preseparation counseling.--In the event that 
     a retirement or other separation or released from the armed 
     forces is unanticipated until there are 90 or fewer days 
     before the anticipated retirement or separation or release 
     date, or in the event a member of a reserve component is 
     being demobilized under circumstances in which (as determined 
     by the Secretary concerned) operational requirements make the 
     120-day or 90-day requirement under paragraph (2) unfeasible, 
     preseparation counseling under the program shall begin as 
     soon as possible within the remaining period of service.
       ``(e) Furnishing on In-Person Basis.--
       ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
     covered counseling, information, and services under the 
     program under this section shall be furnished to a member on 
     an in-person basis.
       ``(2) Waiver.--The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary 
     of Homeland Security, as applicable, may waive the 
     requirement in paragraph (1) with respect to a particular 
     member if such Secretary determines, using a system 
     established by such Secretary for purposes of this paragraph, 
     that the furnishing of covered counseling, information, and 
     services on an online, other electronic, or other basis, 
     rather than on an in-person basis, is necessary to avoid 
     extraordinarily significant impediments to immediate mission 
     needs. In issuing any such waiver, such Secretary shall 
     specify, in writing, the grounds for such waiver.
       ``(f) Topics Covered by Program.--The preseparation 
     counseling furnished a member under the program under this 
     section shall include the following:
       ``(1) Financial planning assistance, including information 
     on budgeting, saving, credit, loans, and taxes.
       ``(2) An explanation of the procedures for and advantages 
     of affiliating with the Selected Reserve.
       ``(3) Information on programs and benefits related to 
     veteran status, including--
       ``(A) a description of health care and other benefits to 
     which the member may be entitled under the laws administered 
     by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and information 
     regarding the means by which the member can receive 
     additional counseling regarding the member's actual 
     entitlement to such benefits and apply for such benefits;
       ``(B) educational assistance benefits to which the member 
     is entitled under the Montgomery GI Bill and other 
     educational assistance programs because of the member's 
     service in the armed forces;
       ``(C) a description of the compensation and vocational 
     rehabilitation benefits to which the member may be entitled 
     under laws administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, 
     if the member is being medically separated or is being 
     retired under chapter 61 of this title;
       ``(D) information on home loan services and housing 
     assistance benefits available under the laws administered by 
     the Secretary of Veterans Affairs and counseling on 
     responsible borrowing practices;
       ``(E) a description, developed in consultation with the 
     Secretary of Veterans Affairs, of the assistance and support 
     services for family caregivers of eligible veterans under the 
     program conducted by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs 
     pursuant to section 1720G of title 38, including the veterans 
     covered by the program, the caregivers eligible for 
     assistance and support through the program, and the 
     assistance and support available through the program; and
       ``(F) information, including appropriate training, on 
     eligibility for enrollment and disenrollment in the Survivor 
     Benefit Plan under chapter 73 of this title and other 
     survivor benefits available under the laws administered by 
     the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Veterans 
     Affairs.

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       ``(4) Information on civilian employment, occupational 
     requirements, and related assistance, including--
       ``(A) labor market information;
       ``(B) instruction in resume preparation;
       ``(C) job analysis techniques, job search techniques, job 
     interview techniques, and salary negotiation techniques;
       ``(D) certification and licensure requirements that are 
     applicable to civilian occupations, including State-submitted 
     and approved lists of military training and skills that 
     satisfy occupational certifications and licenses;
       ``(E) civilian occupations that correspond to military 
     occupational specialties;
       ``(F) information on the requirements under section 1143(a) 
     of this title for the Department of Defense and the 
     Department of Homeland Security to provide proper 
     certification or verification of job skills and experience 
     acquired while on active duty that may have application to 
     employment in the civilian sector for use in seeking civilian 
     employment and in obtaining job search skills;
       ``(G) information on government and private-sector programs 
     for job search and job placement assistance, and information 
     on the placement programs established under sections 1152 and 
     1153 of this title and the Troops-to-Teachers Program;
       ``(H) priority of service for veterans in the receipt of 
     employment, training, and placement services provided under 
     qualified job training programs of the Department of Labor;
       ``(I) veterans small business ownership and 
     entrepreneurship programs of the Small Business 
     Administration and assistance to members in their efforts to 
     obtain loans and grants from the Small Business 
     Administration and other Federal, State, and local agencies;
       ``(J) employment and reemployment rights and obligations 
     under chapter 43 of title 38;
       ``(K) veterans preference in Federal employment and Federal 
     procurement opportunities;
       ``(L) disability-related employment and education 
     protections; and
       ``(M) career and employment opportunities available to 
     members with transportation security cards issued under 
     section 70105 of title 46.
       ``(5) Information related to transition and relocation, 
     including--
       ``(A) information on the geographic areas in which such 
     members will relocate after separation from the armed forces, 
     including, to the degree possible, information about 
     employment opportunities, the labor market, and the cost of 
     living in those areas (including, to the extent practicable, 
     the cost and availability of housing, child care, education, 
     and medical and dental care);
       ``(B) Federal, State, and local programs, and programs of 
     military and veterans' service organizations, that may be of 
     assistance to such members after separation from the armed 
     forces;
       ``(C) counseling (for the member and dependents) on the 
     effect of career change on individuals and their families and 
     the availability to the member and dependents of suicide 
     prevention resources following separation from the armed 
     forces;
       ``(D) the availability of mental health services and the 
     treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety 
     disorders, depression, suicidal ideations, or other mental 
     health conditions associated with service in the armed forces 
     and information concerning the availability of treatment 
     options and resources to address substance abuse, including 
     alcohol, prescription drug, and opioid abuse;
       ``(E) the availability of medical and dental coverage 
     following separation from active duty, including the 
     opportunity to elect into the conversion health policy 
     provided under section 1145 of this title; and
       ``(F) information on the required deduction, pursuant to 
     subsection (h) of section 1175a of this title, from 
     disability compensation paid by the Secretary of Veterans 
     Affairs of amounts equal to any voluntary separation pay 
     received by the member under such section.
       ``(g) Counseling Pathways.--Each Secretary concerned shall, 
     in consultation with the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary 
     of Veterans Affairs, establish at least three pathways for 
     members of the armed forces under the jurisdiction of such 
     Secretary concerned to receive individualized counseling 
     under this section. The pathways shall address the needs of 
     members based on the following factors:
       ``(1) Rank.
       ``(2) Term of service.
       ``(3) Gender.
       ``(4) Whether the member is a member of a regular or 
     reserve component of an armed force.
       ``(5) Disability.
       ``(6) Anticipated characterization of retirement, 
     separation, or release from the armed forces (including 
     expedited discharge and discharge under conditions other than 
     honorable).
       ``(7) Health (including mental health).
       ``(8) Military occupational specialty.
       ``(9) Whether the member intends, after retirement, 
     separation, or release, to--
       ``(A) seek employment;
       ``(B) enroll in a program of higher education;
       ``(C) enroll in a program of vocational training; or
       ``(D) become an entrepreneur.
       ``(10) The educational history of the member.
       ``(11) The employment history of the member.
       ``(12) Whether the member has secured--
       ``(A) employment;
       ``(B) enrollment in a program of education; or
       ``(C) enrollment in a program of vocational training.
       ``(13) Whether the member has a spouse or any dependents.
       ``(14) Such other factors the Secretary of Defense and the 
     Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the 
     Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, 
     consider appropriate.
       ``(h) Specific Components of Covered Counseling, 
     Information, and Services.--The covered counseling, 
     information, and services furnished to a member under the 
     program under this section shall include the following:
       ``(1) Preliminary meeting.--Before the commencement of the 
     furnishing of such counseling, information, and services 
     under the program to the member, the member shall meet in 
     person or by video conference with a counselor, during 
     which--
       ``(A) the counselor shall furnish to the member--
       ``(i) a self-assessment jointly designed by the Secretaries 
     concerned (in consultation with the Secretary of Labor and 
     the Secretary of Veterans Affairs) to ensure that the 
     Secretary concerned places the member in the appropriate 
     counseling pathway under subsection (g);
       ``(ii) information regarding reenlistment in the armed 
     forces;
       ``(iii) information regarding organizations, entities, and 
     resources (including resources regarding military sexual 
     trauma) for individuals who are retired, separated, or 
     released from the armed forces that are located in the 
     community in which the member will reside after retirement, 
     separation, or release, including programs described in 
     subsection (f)(5)(B) and resources through State veterans 
     agencies as described in section 3(a) of the Improving 
     Preseparation and Resources for Occupational, Vocational, and 
     Educational Transition for Servicemembers Act;
       ``(iv) a military-civilian equivalency review designed to 
     determine what licensing, credentialing, and other 
     requirements for occupations in the civilian sector align 
     with or would be satisfied by the military occupational 
     specialty (MOS) and other military skills and experience of 
     the member;
       ``(v) an individualized, personality-based skills and 
     career assessment designed to determine the individual and 
     personal strengths and career interests of the member; and
       ``(vi) assistance in developing an individual transition 
     plan for the member to attempt to achieve the educational, 
     training, employment, and financial objectives of the member 
     and, if the member has a spouse, the spouse of the member; 
     and
       ``(B) the member may elect one or both of the following:
       ``(i) To have the Secretary concerned (in consultation with 
     the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs) 
     provide the contact information of the member to the 
     organizations, entities, and resources described in 
     subparagraph (A)(iii).
       ``(ii) To have the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary 
     of Veterans Affairs transmit information on the member from 
     Department of Defense Form DD-2648 to State veterans agencies 
     for transmittal to community-based organizations and related 
     entities that provide or connect veterans to benefits and 
     services in accordance with section 3 of the Improving 
     Preseparation and Resources for Occupational, Vocational, and 
     Educational Transition for Servicemembers Act.
       ``(2) General instruction.--A course of general 
     instruction, of at least one day, on such topics specified in 
     subsection (f), or otherwise specific to the armed force 
     concerned, as the administering Secretaries consider 
     appropriate.
       ``(3) Instruction on specific post-service pathways.--A 
     course of instruction, of not less than two consecutive days, 
     on one of the following matters, as elected by the member:
       ``(A) Employment.
       ``(B) Education.
       ``(C) Entrepreneurship.
       ``(D) Career and technical training.
       ``(E) Such other matters as the administering Secretaries 
     consider appropriate.
       ``(4) Instruction on professional development and 
     employment assistance.--A course of instruction, of at least 
     one day, on general professional development and employment 
     assistance, including resume-writing, interviewing skills, 
     and such other matters as the administering Secretaries 
     consider appropriate.
       ``(5) Instruction on veterans benefits.--A course of 
     instruction, of at least one day, on the benefits and 
     services available under the law administered by the 
     Secretary of Veterans Affairs, including the manner of 
     application for receipt of such benefits and services and 
     such other matters in connection with such benefits and 
     services as the Secretary of Veterans Affairs considers 
     appropriate.
       ``(6) Participation in apprenticeship programs.--For a 
     member otherwise eligible to participate in such a program, 
     participation in an apprenticeship program registered under 
     the Act of August 16, 1937 (commonly known as the `National 
     Apprenticeship Act'; 50 Stat. 664, chapter 663; 29 U.S.C. 50 
     et seq.), or a pre-apprenticeship program that provides 
     credit toward a program registered

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     under such Act, that provides education, training, and 
     services necessary to transition to meaningful employment 
     that leads to economic self-sufficiency.
       ``(7) Order of counseling and instruction.--A member shall 
     receive the counseling and instruction required by paragraphs 
     (2) and (3) before any other instruction required by this 
     subsection. A member may undertake any other instruction 
     required by this subsection at a pace and order satisfactory 
     to the member, subject to the requirement to complete all 
     such instruction by the deadline provided in subsection 
     (d)(2).
       ``(8) Frequency of training.--The Secretary concerned shall 
     ensure, to the extent practicable and subject to urgent 
     mission needs, that members who elect to undergo additional 
     training or counseling under this subsection are able to do 
     so--
       ``(A) before the time periods established under subsection 
     (d); and
       ``(B) in addition to such training and instruction required 
     during such time periods.
       ``(i) Record of Receipt of Covered Counseling, Information, 
     and Services in Service Records.--A notation on the receipt 
     of counseling and instruction on each matter specified in 
     subsections (f) and (h) in connection with the furnishing of 
     covered counseling, information, and services under the 
     program under this section, signed by the member concerned, 
     shall be placed in the service record of each member 
     receiving such counseling and instruction.
       ``(j) Use of Personnel and Organizations.--In carrying out 
     the program under this section, the administering Secretaries 
     may--
       ``(1) provide for the use of disabled veterans outreach 
     program specialists, local veterans' employment 
     representatives, and other employment service personnel 
     funded by the Department of Labor to the extent that the 
     Secretary of Labor determines that such use will not 
     significantly interfere with the provision of services or 
     other benefits to eligible veterans and other eligible 
     recipients of such services or benefits;
       ``(2) use military and civilian personnel of the Department 
     of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security;
       ``(3) use personnel of the Veterans Benefits Administration 
     of the Department of Veterans Affairs and other appropriate 
     personnel of that Department;
       ``(4) use representatives of military and veterans' service 
     organizations;
       ``(5) enter into contracts with public entities;
       ``(6) enter into contracts with private entities, 
     particularly with qualified private entities that have 
     experience with instructing members of the armed forces 
     eligible for covered counseling, information, and services 
     under the program on--
       ``(A) private sector culture, resume writing, career 
     networking, and training on job search technologies;
       ``(B) academic readiness and educational opportunities; and
       ``(C) such other matters in connection with the program as 
     the administering Secretaries consider appropriate; and
       ``(7) take such other actions to develop and furnish 
     information and services to be provided under the program as 
     the administering Secretaries consider appropriate.
       ``(k) Reports and Notice in Connection With Participation 
     of Members.--
       ``(1) Information within executive branch.--The Secretary 
     of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall each 
     ensure that information on participation in the program under 
     this section by members under the jurisdiction of such 
     Secretary (including timeliness of receipt of covered 
     counseling, information, and services, rates of participation 
     on an in-person basis and an online or other electronic 
     basis, and number of waivers (if any) issued pursuant to 
     subsection (e)(2)) is made available by electronic means to 
     the following:
       ``(A) Commanders at all levels of command at the 
     installations concerned.
       ``(B) All counselors and managers of counseling under the 
     program.
       ``(C) The Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Veterans 
     Affairs, and the heads of any other departments and agencies 
     of the Federal Government involved in the furnishing of 
     counseling and other assistance under the program.
       ``(2) Annual report to congress.--
       ``(A) In general.--The Secretary of Defense and the 
     Secretary of Homeland Security shall each submit to Congress 
     each year a report on the furnishing of covered counseling, 
     information, and services under the program to members of the 
     armed forces under the jurisdiction of such Secretary during 
     the preceding year. Each report shall include, for the year 
     covered by such report, the following:
       ``(i) The number of members eligible for covered 
     counseling, information, and services under the program.
       ``(ii) The number of members furnished covered counseling, 
     information, and services under the program.
       ``(iii) The number of members eligible for covered 
     counseling, information, and services under the program who 
     did not participate in the program.
       ``(iv) An assessment of the extent to which such 
     counseling, information, and services were furnished within 
     the times provided for by paragraphs (1) and (2) of 
     subsection (d).
       ``(v) Rates of participation on an in-person basis and an 
     online or other electronic basis, and number of waivers (if 
     any) issued pursuant to subsection (e)(2).
       ``(vi) The number of members placed into each counseling 
     pathway established under subsection (g).
       ``(vii) The number of members who received instruction in 
     each of the post-service pathways described in subsection 
     (h)(3).
       ``(viii) The number of members who participated in an 
     apprenticeship or pre-apprenticeship program described in 
     subsection (h)(6).
       ``(ix) The number of participants in the programs under 
     subsection (e) of section 1143 of this title (commonly 
     referred to as `Job Training, Employment Skills, 
     Apprenticeships and Internships (JTEST-AI)' or `Skill 
     Bridge').
       ``(x) Such other information as is required to provide 
     Congress with a comprehensive description of the 
     participation of members in the program.
       ``(B) Presentation of information.--Information in each 
     report under subparagraph (A) shall be broken out--
       ``(i) by armed force, and by component of the armed forces;
       ``(ii) by basis of separation from the armed forces 
     (whether retirement or other separation and whether voluntary 
     or involuntary); and
       ``(iii) by characterization of discharge from the armed 
     forces.
       ``(l) Transmittal of Medical Information to Department of 
     Veterans Affairs.--In the case of a member being medically 
     separated or being retired under chapter 61 of this title, 
     the Secretary concerned shall ensure (subject to the consent 
     of the member) that a copy of the member's service medical 
     record (including any results of a Physical Evaluation Board) 
     is transmitted to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs within 60 
     days of the separation or retirement.
       ``(m) Joint Service Transcript.--The Secretary concerned 
     shall provide a copy of the joint service transcript of a 
     member of the armed forces to the following:
       ``(1) The member--
       ``(A) at the preliminary meeting with a counselor under the 
     program under this section pursuant to subsection (h)(1); and
       ``(B) on the day the member retires, separates, or is 
     released from the armed forces.
       ``(2) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs on the day the 
     member retirees, separates, or is released from the armed 
     forces.''.
       (2) Clerical amendments.--The table of sections at the 
     beginning of chapter 58 of such title is amended--
       (A) by striking the item relating to section 1142 and 
     inserting the following new item:

``1142. Transition-related counseling and services: Transition 
              Assistance Program.''; and
       (B) by striking the item relating to section 1144.
       (b) Deadline for Implementation of Revised Program.--
       (1) In general.--The administering Secretaries shall take 
     appropriate actions to carry out any modifications to the 
     Transition Assistance Program under section 1142 of title 10, 
     United States Code, that are required by reason of the 
     amendments made by subsection (a) by not later than the date 
     that is one year after the date of the enactment of this Act 
     in order to ensure that the furnishing of covered counseling, 
     information, and services to members of the Armed Forces 
     under the Program is fully implemented as of such date.
       (2) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
     enactment of this Act, the administering Secretaries shall 
     submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on 
     specific actions to be taken to implement any modifications 
     to the Transition Assistance Program under section 1142 of 
     title 10, United States Code, that are required by reason of 
     the amendments made by subsection (a).
       (3) Definitions.--In this subsection, the terms 
     ``administering Secretaries'' and ``covered counseling, 
     information, and services'' have the meanings given such 
     terms for purposes of section 1142 of title 10, United States 
     Code, as amended by subsection (a).

     SEC. 1703. PERSONNEL MATTERS IN CONNECTION WITH TRANSITION 
                   ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

       (a) Minimum Number of Dedicated Personnel.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary of Defense shall take 
     appropriate actions to ensure that the minimum number of 
     full-time equivalent personnel of the Department of Defense 
     dedicated to counseling and other activities under the 
     Transition Assistance Program at each military installation 
     each year is not less than one for every 250 members of the 
     Armed Forces generally projected to be eligible for 
     participation in the Transition Assistance Program and their 
     spouses at such military installation in such year. The 
     Secretary may not satisfy the requirement in this paragraph 
     through the use of contractor personnel.
       (2) Applicability.--The Secretary shall comply with the 
     requirement in paragraph (1) commencing not later than one 
     year after the date of the enactment of this Act.
       (b) Minimum Civilian Workplace Requirement.--
       (1) In general.--For purposes of providing counseling under 
     and otherwise administering the Transition Assistance 
     Program, the Secretary of Defense shall take appropriate 
     actions to ensure that, to the maximum extent practicable, 
     each individual employed by the Department of Defense to

[[Page S3499]]

     provide counseling under the Transition Assistance Program 
     has both prior military experience and not less than two 
     years of experience in civilian employment at the time of 
     employment by the Department for such purposes.
       (2) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that, 
     in employing individuals to provide counseling under the 
     Transition Assistance Program, the Secretary should consider 
     affording a preference to individuals with longevity of 
     experience in civilian employment at the time of employment 
     by the Department for that purpose.
       (3) Applicability.--The Secretary shall comply with the 
     requirement in paragraph (1) commencing not later than 90 
     days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
       (c) Report on Implementation.--Not later than one year 
     after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
     Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the actions 
     taken to implement this section, including--
       (1) the actions taken to implement subsection (b);
       (2) the number of individuals employed by the Department 
     under subsection (b);
       (3) the percentage of individuals employed in connection 
     with the Transition Assistance Program who meet the 
     requirement in subsection (b)(1); and
       (4) such other information as the Secretary considers 
     appropriate.
       (d) Transition Assistance Program Defined.--In this 
     section, the term ``Transition Assistance Program'' means the 
     program of counseling, information, and services under 
     section 1142 of title 10, United States Code (as amended by 
     section 1702 of this Act).

     SEC. 1704. SYSTEMS FOR TRACKING PARTICIPATION IN TRANSITION 
                   ASSISTANCE PROGRAM AND RELATED PROGRAMS.

       (a) Systems for Tracking Participation.--
       (1) In general.--Commencing not later than one year after 
     the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
     Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall each 
     establish and maintain an electronic tracking system and 
     database, applicable across the Armed Forces, in order to 
     collect, assemble, and make available as described in 
     paragraph (2) information on the participation and progress 
     of members of the Armed Forces under the jurisdiction of such 
     Secretary in the Transition Assistance Program at the 
     individual, installation, and total forces levels, including 
     information on the following:
       (A) Compliance with the commencement and completion 
     timeframes of the Transition Assistance Program required by 
     subsection (d) of section 1142 of title 10, United States 
     Code (as amended by section 1702 of this Act).
       (B) Participation and completion by members of the specific 
     elements of the Transition Assistance Program described in 
     subsection (h) of such section 1142.
       (C) Notes made by counselors in connection with the 
     provision of casework and other services under the Transition 
     Assistance Program.
       (D) Such other matters in connection with participation and 
     progress of members in the Transition Assistance Program as 
     such Secretary considers appropriate.
       (2) Availability of information.--Information in the 
     tracking systems and databases required by paragraph (1), 
     other than information described in paragraph (1)(C), shall 
     be available as follows:
       (A) To members of the Armed Forces undergoing the 
     transition from military life to civilian life, for the 
     personal information of members.
       (B) To commanders of members of the Armed Forces at all 
     levels of command for members under their command.
       (C) To all counselors and managers of counseling under the 
     Transition Assistance Program for members they serve.
       (D) To the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Veterans 
     Affairs, and the heads of any other departments and agencies 
     of the Federal Government involved in the furnishing of 
     counseling and services under the Transition Assistance 
     Program.
       (b) Digital Portal.--
       (1) In general.--Commencing not later than two years after 
     the date of the enactment of this Act, each Secretary 
     concerned shall establish and maintain an interactive, 
     Internet-based platform for members of the Armed Forces under 
     the jurisdiction of such Secretary to act as a portal for 
     members undergoing counseling under the Transition Assistance 
     Program in order to permit such members to do the following:
       (A) View information on and track progress of the member 
     concerned in the required instruction and counseling of the 
     Transition Assistance Program.
       (B) View the individual assessments of the member concerned 
     taken pursuant to clauses (i) and (v) of subsection (h)(1)(A) 
     of section 1142 of title 10, United States Code (as amended 
     by section 1702 of this Act).
       (C) View and make changes to the transition plan of the 
     member concerned as described in subsection (h)(1)(A)(vi) of 
     such section 1142.
       (D) Access information on the programs and resources 
     available to members of the Armed Forces and their spouses at 
     the military installation concerned in connection with the 
     Transition Assistance Program.
       (E) Access information and resources related to the topics 
     under subsection (f) of such section 1142.
       (F) Access the online version of the curriculum of 
     instruction under the Transition Assistance Program.
       (G) Access and download a digital copy of the Joint Service 
     Transcript of the member concerned.
       (H) Schedule, view, or change appointments with counselors 
     in connection with the Transition Assistance Program.
       (I) Take the surveys conducted pursuant to section 1705(a).
       (J) Access such other digital information and resources in 
     connection with the Transition Assistance Program as the 
     Secretaries concerned and the administering Secretaries 
     jointly consider appropriate.
       (2) Protection of privacy.--In carrying out this 
     subsection, the Secretaries concerned shall take all 
     necessary and appropriate actions to protect the personal 
     privacy of individual members of the Armed Forces as required 
     by law.
       (c) Definitions.--In this section:
       (1) The term ``Transition Assistance Program'' means the 
     program of counseling, information, and services under 
     section 1142 of title 10, United States Code (as amended by 
     section 1702 of this Act).
       (2) The term ``Secretary concerned'' has the meaning given 
     that term in section 101(a)(9) of title 10, United States 
     Code.
       (3) The term ``administering Secretaries'' has the meaning 
     given that term for purposes of section 1142 of title 10, 
     United States Code (as so amended).

     SEC. 1705. SURVEYS ON MEMBER EXPERIENCES WITH TRANSITION 
                   ASSISTANCE PROGRAM COUNSELING AND SERVICES AND 
                   IN TRANSITION TO CIVILIAN LIFE.

       (a) Surveys on Member Experiences With Transition 
     Assistance Program Counseling, Information, and Services.--
       (1) In general.--Each Secretary concerned shall conduct 
     surveys of members of the Armed Forces under the jurisdiction 
     of such Secretary at the conclusion of the receipt by such 
     members of counseling, information, and services under the 
     Transition Assistance Program in order to assess the 
     experiences of such members, and their spouses (if 
     applicable), in the receipt of such counseling, information, 
     and services.
       (2) Elements.--The surveys under paragraph (1) shall be 
     designed to obtain information on the Transition Assistance 
     Program as follows:
       (A) Member assessments of the quality of instruction.
       (B) Member satisfaction with the scope and quality of 
     courses and services, including courses under paragraphs (2), 
     (3), and (4) of subsection (h) of section 1142 of title 10, 
     United States Code (as amended by section 1702 of this Act).
       (C) Member assessments of the adequacy of courses and 
     services to meet member transition needs.
       (D) Obstacles or barriers confronted by members in 
     accessing counseling and services.
       (E) Whether members participated in the curriculum of the 
     Transition Assistance Program on an in-person basis or an 
     online, other electronic, or other basis.
       (F) Such other matters as the administering Secretaries 
     shall specify for purposes of this subsection.
       (3) Commencement.--Each Secretary concerned shall commence 
     the conduct of surveys pursuant to paragraph (1) by not later 
     than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
       (b) Pilot Program on Surveys on Member Experiences in 
     Transition to Civilian Life.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall, 
     in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary 
     of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Education, and the 
     Secretary of Labor, conduct a pilot program to assess the 
     feasibility and advisability of surveying veterans who have 
     been retired, discharged, or released from the Armed Forces 
     for at least one year, and not longer than four years, at the 
     time of a survey in order to assess the experiences of such 
     veterans in the transition from military life to civilian 
     life.
       (2) Manner of conduct.--The Secretary of Veterans Affairs 
     may conduct the survey under the pilot program through a 
     contract with a qualified non-governmental organization 
     selected by the Secretary for purposes of the pilot program.
       (3) Elements.--The survey under the pilot program shall be 
     designed to obtain the information on the following:
       (A) Current employment status, and employment history since 
     retirement or separation.
       (B) Receipt, whether currently or in the past, of 
     unemployment benefits.
       (C) Educational attainment after military service.
       (D) Participation of or membership in a veterans' service 
     organization or other support or other group oriented towards 
     veterans.
       (E) Satisfaction with transition, including satisfaction 
     with counseling and assistance received in connection with 
     transition (whether pursuant to the Transition Assistance 
     Program or a program under any other provision of law).
       (F) Whether veterans participated in the curriculum of the 
     Transition Assistance Program on an in-person basis or an 
     online, other electronic, or other basis.
       (G) Challenges faced during transition.
       (H) If married at the time of transition--

[[Page S3500]]

       (i) participation of spouse in the counseling and 
     assistance described in subparagraph (E); and
       (ii) satisfaction of spouse with the counseling and 
     assistance described in subparagraph (E), if any, 
     participated in by the spouse.
       (I) Whether veterans felt sufficiently prepared for a 
     career, education, or other advancement after military 
     service as a result of participation in the Transition 
     Assistance Program.
       (J) Recommendations for improvements to the counseling and 
     assistance furnished in connection with transition, or for 
     other mechanisms to ease and facilitate transition.
       (K) Such other matters as the Secretary of Veterans 
     Affairs, in consultation with the other Secretaries referred 
     to in paragraph (1), considers appropriate.
       (4) Survey results.--The results of the survey under the 
     pilot program shall be broken out by number of years post-
     separation of the veterans covered by the survey.
       (5) Report.--Not later than two years after the date of the 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs 
     shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
     report on the pilot program. The report shall set forth the 
     following:
       (A) The results of the survey conducted under the pilot 
     program.
       (B) An assessment by the Secretary of the feasibility and 
     advisability of continuing surveys such as the survey under 
     the pilot program on a permanent basis, as frequently as once 
     every two years or such other frequency as the Secretary 
     considers appropriate.
       (c) Protection of Privacy.--In carrying out this section, 
     the administering Secretaries, the Secretary of Education, 
     and the Secretaries concerned shall take all necessary and 
     appropriate actions to protect the personal privacy of 
     individual members of the Armed Forces and veterans as 
     required by law.
       (d) Definitions.--In this section:
       (1) The term ``Transition Assistance Program'' means the 
     program of counseling, information, and services under 
     section 1142 of title 10, United States Code (as amended by 
     section 1702 of this Act).
       (2) The term ``Secretary concerned'' has the meaning given 
     that term in section 101(a)(9) of title 10, United States 
     Code.
       (3) The term ``administering Secretaries'' has the meaning 
     given that term for purposes of section 1142 of title 10, 
     United States Code (as so amended).

     SEC. 1706 COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES REPORT ON 
                   PARTICIPATION IN TRANSITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 
                   AT SMALL AND REMOTE MILITARY INSTALLATIONS.

       (a) Report Required.--Not later than 18 months after the 
     date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of 
     the United States shall submit to the appropriate committees 
     of Congress a report on a review, conducted by the 
     Comptroller General for purposes of the report, on the 
     participation in covered transition assistance programs of 
     members of the Armed Forces assigned to small military 
     installations and remote military installations in the United 
     States.
       (b) Covered Transition Assistance Programs.--For purposes 
     of this section, covered transition assistance programs are 
     the following:
       (1) The Transition Assistance Program.
       (2) The programs under section 1143(e) of title 10, United 
     States Code (commonly referred to as ``Job Training, 
     Employment Skills, Apprenticeships and Internships (JTEST-
     AI)'' or ``Skill Bridge'').
       (3) Any other program of apprenticeship, on-the-job 
     training, or internship offered at a small military 
     installation or remote installation that the Comptroller 
     General considers appropriate for inclusion in the review 
     under this section.
       (c) Small Military Installations; Remote Military 
     Installations.--For purposes of this section:
       (1) A small military installation is an installation at 
     which are assigned not more than 10,000 members of the Armed 
     Forces.
       (2) A remote military installation is an installation that 
     is located more than 50 miles from any city with a population 
     of 50,000 people or more (as determined by the Office of 
     Management and Budget).
       (d) Scope of Review.--In conducting the review, the 
     Comptroller General shall evaluate participation in covered 
     transition assistance programs at a number of small military 
     installations and remote military installations that is 
     sufficient to provide a complete understanding of the 
     participation in such programs of members of the Armed Forces 
     at such installations throughout the United States.
       (e) Elements.--The review under this section shall include 
     the following:
       (1) Rates of participation of members of the Armed Forces 
     in covered transition assistance programs at small military 
     installations and remote military installations in the United 
     States.
       (2) In the case of the Transition Assistance Program, the 
     following:
       (A) Compliance with the deadlines for participation 
     provided for in subsection (d) of section 1142 of title 10, 
     United States Code (as amended by section 1702 of this Act).
       (B) A comparison between rates of participation in person 
     and rates of participation on line.
       (C) The average ratio of permanent, full-time equivalent 
     program staff to participating members at small military 
     installations and at remote military installations.
       (D) The average number of program staff (including full-
     time equivalent staff and contractor staff) physically and 
     permanently located on installation at small military 
     installations and at remote military installations.
       (3) Such other matters with respect to participation in 
     covered transition assistance programs of members assigned to 
     small military installations and remote military 
     installations as the Comptroller General considers 
     appropriate.
       (f) Transition Assistance Program Defined.--In this 
     section, the term ``Transition Assistance Program'' means the 
     program of counseling, information, and services under 
     section 1142 of title 10, United States Code (as amended by 
     section 1702 of this Act).

     SEC. 1707. EDUCATION OF MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES ON CAREER 
                   READINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

       (a) Programs of Education Required.--
       (1) In general.--Chapter 101 of title 10, United States 
     Code, is amended by inserting after section 2015 the 
     following new section:

     ``Sec. 2015a. Education of members on career readiness and 
       professional development

       ``(a) Program of Education Required.--The Secretary of 
     Defense shall carry out a program to provide education on 
     career readiness and professional development to members of 
     the armed forces.
       ``(b) Elements.--The program under this section shall 
     provide members with the following:
       ``(1) Information on the transition plan as described in 
     section 1142(h)(1)(A)(vi) of this title.
       ``(2) Information on opportunities available to members 
     during military service for professional development and 
     preparation for a career after military service, including--
       ``(A) programs of education, certification, training, and 
     employment assistance (including programs under sections 
     1143(e), 2007, and 2015 of this title); and
       ``(B) programs and resources available to members in 
     communities in the vicinity of military installations.
       ``(3) Instruction on the use of online and other electronic 
     mechanisms in order to access the education, training, and 
     assistance and resources described in paragraph (2).
       ``(4) Such other information, instruction, and matters as 
     the Secretary shall specify for purposes of this section.
       ``(c) Timing of Provision of Information.--Subject to 
     subsection (d), information, instruction, and other matters 
     under the program under this section shall be provided to 
     members at the times as follows:
       ``(1) Upon arrival at first duty station.
       ``(2) Upon arrival at any subsequent duty station.
       ``(3) Upon deployment.
       ``(4) Upon promotion.
       ``(5) Upon reenlistment.
       ``(6) At any other point in a military career specified by 
     the Secretary for purposes of this section.
       ``(d) Single Provision of Information in a Year With 
     Multiple Events.--A member who has received information and 
     instruction under the program under this section in 
     connection with an event specified in subsection (c) in a 
     year may elect not to undergo additional receipt of 
     information and instruction under the program in connection 
     with another such event in the year, unless such other event 
     is arrival at a new duty station.''.
       (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of sections at the 
     beginning of chapter 101 of such title is amended by 
     inserting after the item relating to section 2015 the 
     following new item:

``2015a. Education of members on career readiness and professional 
              development.''.
       (b) Report on Implementation.--Not later than one year 
     after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
     Defense shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
     Congress a report on the program of education required by 
     section 2015a of title 10, United States Code (as added by 
     subsection (a)), including the following:
       (1) A comprehensive description of the actions taken to 
     implement the program of education.
       (2) A comprehensive description of the program of 
     education.

     SEC. 1708. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON TRANSITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM 
                   AND OTHER TRANSITION-RELATED ASSISTANCE FOR 
                   MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES.

       It is the sense of Congress--
       (1) to acknowledge that the Armed Forces face significant 
     and often competing pressures in carrying out its essential 
     and fundamental mission to defend the nation;
       (2) that ensuring the effective transition of members of 
     the Armed Forces from military life to civilian life 
     represents an essential component of this mission, 
     contributing directly to the long-term success of the United 
     States military and its missions through its effects on--
       (A) the long-term success and well-being of current and 
     former members of the Armed Forces and their families;
       (B) the perception of the Armed Forces by the American 
     public; and
       (C) the civilian-military partnership integral to the 
     United States military;
       (3) that the program of counseling, information, and 
     services under section 1142 of

[[Page S3501]]

     title 10, United States Code (as amended by section 1702 of 
     this Act), while effective in the worthy goal of reducing the 
     need for unemployment assistance among former members of the 
     Armed Forces, should be designed and carried out for the 
     holistic benefit, in both good and bad economic climates, of 
     members of the Armed Forces participating in the program, and 
     not simply as a metric or tool for employment;
       (4) to support and commend efforts by the Department of 
     Defense, the Department of Labor, and other agencies of the 
     Federal Government in coordinating Federal and State efforts 
     to assist members of the Armed Forces in identifying civilian 
     equivalences for military occupational skills, but also to 
     urge the Department of Defense to ensure that the Transition 
     Assistance Program also provides members the tools and 
     assistance for reinventing themselves during the transition 
     from military life to civilian life, even when their new 
     personal and professional goals do not align with their 
     military occupations;
       (5) to commend and further encourage efforts to incorporate 
     metrics for compliance with Transition Assistance Program 
     requirements into leadership assessments and criteria for 
     promotion of commanding officers in the Armed Forces;
       (6) to encourage the Secretary of Defense to assign 
     accountability and responsibility for compliance with 
     Transition Assistance Program requirements to the lowest 
     level of command appropriate and to establish uniform, Armed 
     Forces-wide policy on the individuals at unit level who are 
     responsible for monitoring compliance of members of the Armed 
     Forces with such requirements;
       (7) that the Secretary of Defense should seek to enhance 
     collaboration and access to transition-related services by 
     members of the Armed Forces by seeking to co-locate Federal, 
     State, and local officials and contractors who administer the 
     Transition Assistance Program and State and local officials 
     and partner, non-governmental entities associated with the 
     Transition Assistance Program or who offer transition-related 
     services in the same or proximate physical locations, when 
     possible;
       (8) that the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of 
     Labor should seek to minimize subjectivity in career 
     readiness metrics under the Transition Assistance Program in 
     accordance with recommendations of the Comptroller General of 
     the United States; and
       (9) to encourage the Department of Defense, the Department 
     of Labor, the Department of Veterans Affairs and appropriate 
     State agencies to work together, and with veterans service 
     organizations, to establish in States or locales, as 
     appropriate, local points of contact responsible for--
       (A) at the election of members of the Armed Forces 
     relocating to such State or locale after military service, 
     contacting the members before separation from the Armed 
     Forces;
       (B) providing members of the Armed Force with employment, 
     education, and other appropriate information about the State 
     or locale to assist in relocation; and
       (C) coordinating services for members of the Armed Forces 
     and the spouses who relocate to the State or locale after 
     military service.
                                 ______