[Congressional Record Volume 166, Number 96 (Thursday, May 21, 2020)]
[Senate]
[Pages S2597-S2604]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

      By Mr. SCHUMER (for himself and Mr. Young):
  S. 3832. A bill to establish a new Directorate for Technology in the 
redesignated National Science and Technology Foundation, to establish a 
regional technology hub program, to require a strategy and report on 
economic security, science, research, and innovation, and for other 
purposes; to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
  Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of 
the bill be printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the text of the bill was ordered to be 
printed in the Record, as follows:

                                S. 3832

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Endless Frontier Act''.

     SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

       Congress finds the following:
       (1) For over 70 years, the United States has been the 
     unequivocal global leader in scientific and technological 
     innovation, and as a result the people of the United States 
     have benefitted through good-paying jobs, economic 
     prosperity, and a higher quality of life. Today, however, 
     this leadership position is being eroded and challenged by 
     foreign competitors, some of whom are stealing intellectual 
     property and trade secrets of the United States and 
     aggressively investing in fundamental research and 
     commercialization to dominate the key technology fields of 
     the future. While the United States once led the world in the 
     share of our economy invested in research, our Nation now 
     ranks 9th globally in total research and development and 12th 
     in publicly financed research and development.
       (2) Without a significant increase in investment in 
     research, education, technology transfer, and the core 
     strengths of the United States innovation ecosystem, it is 
     only a matter of time before the global competitors of the 
     United States overtake the United States in terms of 
     technological primacy. The country that wins the race in key 
     technologies--such as artificial intelligence, quantum 
     computing, advanced communications, and advanced 
     manufacturing--will be the superpower of the future.
       (3) The Federal Government must catalyze United States 
     innovation by boosting fundamental research investments 
     focused on discovering, creating, commercializing, and 
     producing new technologies to ensure the leadership of the 
     United States in the industries of the future.
       (4) The distribution of innovation jobs and investment in 
     the United States has become largely concentrated in just a 
     few locations, while much of the Nation has been left out of 
     growth in the innovation sector. More than 90 percent of the 
     Nation's innovation sector employment growth in the last 15 
     years was generated in just 5 major cities. The Federal 
     Government must address this imbalance in opportunity by 
     partnering with the private sector to build new technology 
     hubs across the country, spreading innovation sector jobs 
     more broadly, and tapping the talent and potential of the 
     entire Nation to ensure the United States leads the 
     industries of the future.
       (5) Since its inception, the National Science Foundation 
     has carried out vital work supporting basic research and 
     people to create knowledge that is a primary driver of the 
     economy of the United States and enhances the Nation's 
     security.

     SEC. 3. NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION.

       (a) Redesignation of National Science Foundation as 
     National Science and Technology Foundation.--
       (1) In general.--Section 2 of the Act of May 10, 1950 (64 
     Stat. 149, chapter 171; 42 U.S.C. 1861) is amended--
       (A) in the section heading, by inserting ``and technology'' 
     after ``science''; and
       (B) by striking ``the National Science Foundation'' and 
     inserting ``the National Science and Technology Foundation''.
       (2) References.--Any reference in any law, rule, 
     regulation, certificate, directive, instruction, or other 
     official paper in force on the date of enactment of this Act 
     to the National Science Foundation shall be considered to 
     refer and apply to the National Science and Technology 
     Foundation.
       (b) Establishment of Deputy Director for Technology.--
     Section 6 of the Act of May 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 149, chapter 
     171; 42 U.S.C. 1864a) is amended--
       (1) in the section heading, by striking ``deputy director'' 
     and inserting ``deputy directors'';
       (2) in the first sentence--
       (A) by striking ``a Deputy Director'' and inserting ``2 
     Deputy Directors''; and
       (B) by inserting ``and in accordance with the expedited 
     procedures established under S. Res. 116 (112th Congress)'' 
     after ``the Senate'';
       (3) in the third sentence, by striking ``The Deputy 
     Director shall receive'' and inserting ``Each Deputy Director 
     shall receive'';
       (4) by inserting after the third sentence the following: 
     ``The Deputy Director for Technology shall oversee, and 
     perform duties relating to, the Directorate for Technology of 
     the Foundation, as established under section 8A, and the 
     Deputy Director for Science shall oversee, and perform duties 
     relating to, the other activities and directorates supported 
     by the Foundation.''; and
       (5) in the last sentence, by striking ``The Deputy Director 
     shall act'' and inserting ``The Deputy Director for Science 
     shall act''.
       (c) Establishment of Directorate for Technology.--The Act 
     of May 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 149, chapter 171; 42 U.S.C. 1861 et 
     seq.) is amended--
       (1) in section 8 (42 U.S.C. 1866), by inserting at the end 
     the following: ``Such divisions shall include the Directorate 
     for Technology established under section 8A.''; and
       (2) by inserting after section 8 the following:

     ``SEC. 8A. DIRECTORATE FOR TECHNOLOGY.

       ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:

[[Page S2598]]

       ``(1) Deputy director.--The term `Deputy Director' means 
     the Deputy Director for Technology.
       ``(2) Designated country.--The term `designated country' 
     means a country that has been approved and designated in 
     writing by the President for purposes of this section, after 
     providing--
       ``(A) not less than 30 days of advance notification and 
     explanation to the relevant congressional committees before 
     the designation; and
       ``(B) in-person briefings to such committees, if requested 
     during the 30-day advance notification period described in 
     subparagraph (A).
       ``(3) Directorate.--The term `Directorate' means the 
     Directorate for Technology established under subsection (b).
       ``(4) Institution of higher education.--The term 
     `institution of higher education' has the meaning given the 
     term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
     (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
       ``(5) Key technology focus areas.--The term `key technology 
     focus areas' means the areas included on the most recent list 
     under subsection (c)(2).
       ``(6) Relevant congressional committees.--The term 
     `relevant congressional committees' means--
       ``(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
     Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on 
     Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the 
     Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
       ``(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
     Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on 
     Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 
     Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
     Representatives.
       ``(b) Establishment.--
       ``(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
     enactment of the Endless Frontier Act, the Director shall 
     establish in the Foundation a Directorate for Technology. The 
     Directorate shall carry out the duties and responsibilities 
     described in this section, in order to further the following 
     goals:
       ``(A) Strengthening the leadership of the United States in 
     critical technologies through fundamental research in the key 
     technology focus areas.
       ``(B) Enhancing the competitiveness of the United States in 
     the key technology focus areas by improving education in the 
     key technology focus areas and attracting more students to 
     such areas.
       ``(C) Consistent with the operations of the Foundation, 
     fostering the economic and societal impact of federally 
     funded research and development through an accelerated 
     translation of fundamental advances in the key technology 
     focus areas into processes and products that can help achieve 
     national goals related to economic competitiveness, domestic 
     manufacturing, national security, shared prosperity, energy 
     and the environment, health, education and workforce 
     development, and transportation.
       ``(2) Deputy director.--The Directorate shall be headed by 
     the Deputy Director.
       ``(3) Organization and administrative matters.--
       ``(A) Hiring authority.--
       ``(i) Experts in science and engineering.--The Director 
     shall have the authority to carry out a program of personnel 
     management authority for the Directorate in the same manner, 
     and subject to the same requirements, as the program of 
     personnel management authority authorized for the Director of 
     the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under section 
     1599h of title 10, United States Code, for the Defense 
     Advanced Research Projects Agency.
       ``(ii) Highly qualified experts in needed occupations.--In 
     addition to the authority provided under clause (i), the 
     Director shall have the authority to carry out a program of 
     personnel management authority for the Directorate in the 
     same manner, and subject to the same requirements, as the 
     program to attract highly qualified experts carried out by 
     the Secretary of Defense under section 9903 of title 5, 
     United States Code.
       ``(iii) Additional hiring authority.--To the extent needed 
     to carry out the duties in paragraph (1), the Director shall 
     utilize hiring authorities under section 3372 of title 5, 
     United States Code, to staff the Directorate with employees 
     from other Federal agencies, State and local governments, 
     Indian tribes and tribal organizations, institutions of 
     higher education, and other organizations, as described in 
     that section, in the same manner and subject to the same 
     conditions, that apply to such individuals utilized to 
     accomplish other missions of the Foundation.
       ``(B) Program managers.--The employees of the Directorate 
     may include program managers for the key technology focus 
     areas, who shall perform a role similar to programs managers 
     employed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency for 
     the oversight and selection of programs supported by the 
     Directorate.
       ``(C) Selection of recipients.--Recipients of support under 
     the programs and activities of the Directorate shall be 
     selected by program managers or other employees of the 
     Directorate. The Directorate may use a peer review process to 
     inform the decisions of program managers or other employees.
       ``(D) Assistant directors.--The Director may appoint 1 or 
     more Assistant Directors for the Directorate as the Director 
     determines necessary, in the same manner as other Assistant 
     Directors of the Foundation are appointed.
       ``(4) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
     enactment of the Endless Frontier Act, the Director shall 
     prepare and submit a report to the relevant congressional 
     committees regarding the establishment of the Directorate.
       ``(c) Duties and Functions of the Directorate.--
       ``(1) Development of technology focus of the directorate.--
     The Director, acting through the Deputy Director, shall--
       ``(A) advance innovation in the key technology focus areas 
     through fundamental research and other activities described 
     in this section; and
       ``(B) develop and implement strategies to ensure that the 
     activities of the Directorate are directed toward the key 
     technology focus areas in order to accomplish the goals 
     described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection 
     (b)(1) consistent with the most recent report conducted under 
     section 5(b) of the Endless Frontier Act.
       ``(2) Key technology focus areas.--
       ``(A) Initial list.--The initial key technology focus areas 
     are--
       ``(i) artificial intelligence and machine learning;
       ``(ii) high performance computing, semiconductors, and 
     advanced computer hardware;
       ``(iii) quantum computing and information systems;
       ``(iv) robotics, automation, and advanced manufacturing;
       ``(v) natural or anthropogenic disaster prevention;
       ``(vi) advanced communications technology;
       ``(vii) biotechnology, genomics, and synthetic biology;
       ``(viii) cybersecurity, data storage, and data management 
     technologies;
       ``(ix) advanced energy; and
       ``(x) materials science, engineering, and exploration 
     relevant to the other key technology focus areas described in 
     this subparagraph.
       ``(B) Review of key technology focus areas and subsequent 
     lists.--
       ``(i) Adding or deleting key technology focus areas.--
     Beginning on the date that is 4 years after the date of 
     enactment of the Endless Frontier Act, and every 4 years 
     thereafter, the Director, acting through the Deputy 
     Director--

       ``(I) shall, in consultation with the Board of Advisors, 
     review the list of key technology focus areas; and
       ``(II) as part of that review, may add or delete key 
     technology focus areas if the competitive threats to the 
     United States have shifted (whether because the United States 
     or other nations have advanced or fallen behind in a 
     technological area), subject to clause (ii).

       ``(ii) Limit on key technology focus areas.--Not more than 
     10 key technology focus areas shall be included on the list 
     of key technology focus areas at any time.
       ``(iii) Updating focus areas and distribution.--Upon the 
     completion of each review under this subparagraph, the 
     Director shall make the list of key technology focus areas 
     readily available and publish the list in the Federal 
     Register, even if no changes have been made to the prior 
     list.
       ``(3) Activities.--
       ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the duties and functions 
     of the Directorate, the Director, acting through the Deputy 
     Director, may--
       ``(i) award grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts 
     to--

       ``(I) individual institutions of higher education for work 
     at centers or by individual researchers;
       ``(II) not-for-profit entities; and
       ``(III) consortia that--

       ``(aa) shall include and be led by an institution of higher 
     education, and may include 1 or more additional institutions 
     of higher education;
       ``(bb) may include 1 or more entities described in 
     subclause (I) or (II) and, if determined appropriate by the 
     Director, for-profit entities, including small businesses; 
     and
       ``(cc) may include 1 or more entities described in 
     subclause (I) or (II) from treaty allies and security 
     partners of the United States;
       ``(ii) provide funds to other divisions of the Foundation, 
     including--

       ``(I) to the other directorates of the Foundation to pursue 
     basic questions about natural and physical phenomena that 
     could enable advances in the key technology focus areas;
       ``(II) to the Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and 
     Economic Sciences to study questions that could affect the 
     design, operation, deployment, or the social and ethical 
     consequences of technologies in the key technology focus 
     areas; and
       ``(III) to the Directorate for Education and Human 
     Resources to further the creation of a domestic workforce 
     capable of advancing the key technology focus areas;

       ``(iii) provide funds to other Federal research agencies, 
     including the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
     for intramural or extramural work in the key technology focus 
     areas;
       ``(iv) make awards under the SBIR and STTR programs (as 
     defined in section 9(e) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 
     638(e)) in the same manner as awards under such programs are 
     made by the Director of the Foundation;

[[Page S2599]]

       ``(v) administer prize challenges under section 24 of the 
     Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
     3719) in the key technology focus areas, in order to expand 
     public-private partnerships beyond direct research funding; 
     and
       ``(vi) enter into and perform such contracts, including 
     cooperative research and development arrangements and grants 
     and cooperative agreements or other transactions, as may be 
     necessary in the conduct of the work of the Directorate and 
     on such terms as the Deputy Director considers appropriate, 
     in furtherance of the purposes of this Act.
       ``(B) Reports.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
     enactment of the Endless Frontier Act, the Director shall 
     prepare and submit to the relevant congressional committees a 
     spending plan for the next 5 years for each of the activities 
     described in subparagraph (A), including--
       ``(i) a plan to seek out additional investments from--

       ``(I) certain designated countries; and
       ``(II) if appropriate, private sector entities; and

       ``(ii) the planned activities of the Directorate to secure 
     federally funded science and technology pursuant to section 
     1746 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
     Year 2020 (Public Law 116-92).
       ``(C) Annual briefing.--Each year, the Director shall 
     formally request a briefing from the Director of the Federal 
     Bureau of Investigation and the Director of the National 
     Counterintelligence and Security Center regarding their 
     efforts to preserve the United States' advantages generated 
     by the activity of the Directorate.
       ``(4) Interagency cooperation.--In carrying out this 
     section, the Director and other Federal research agencies 
     shall work cooperatively with each other to further the goals 
     of this section in the key technology focus areas. Each year, 
     the Director shall prepare and submit a report to Congress, 
     and shall simultaneously submit the report to the Director of 
     the Office of Science and Technology Policy, describing the 
     interagency cooperation that occurred during the preceding 
     year pursuant to this paragraph, including a list of--
       ``(A) any funds provided under paragraph (3)(A)(ii) to 
     other divisions of the Foundation; and
       ``(B) any funds provided under paragraph (3)(A)(iii) to 
     other Federal research agencies.
       ``(5) Providing scholarships, fellowships, and other 
     student support.--
       ``(A) In general.--The Director, acting through the 
     Directorate, shall fund undergraduate scholarships, graduate 
     fellowships and traineeships, and postdoctoral student awards 
     in the key technology focus areas.
       ``(B) Implementation.--The Director may carry out 
     subparagraph (A) by providing funds--
       ``(i) to the Directorate for Education and Human Resources 
     of the Foundation for--

       ``(I) awards directly to students; and
       ``(II) grants or cooperative agreements to institutions of 
     higher education, including those institutions involved in 
     operating university technology centers established under 
     paragraph (6); and

       ``(ii) to programs in Federal research agencies that have 
     experience awarding such scholarships, fellowships, 
     traineeships, or postdoctoral awards.
       ``(C) Supplement, not supplant.--The Director shall ensure 
     that funds made available under this paragraph shall be used 
     to create additional support for postsecondary students and 
     shall not displace funding for any other available support.
       ``(6) University technology centers.--
       ``(A) In general.--From amounts made available to the 
     Directorate, the Director shall, through a competitive 
     application and selection process, award grants to or enter 
     into cooperative agreements with institutions of higher 
     education or consortia described in paragraph (3)(A)(i)(III) 
     to establish university technology centers.
       ``(B) Uses of funds.--
       ``(i) In general.--A center established under a grant or 
     cooperative agreement under subparagraph (A)--

       ``(I) shall use support provided under such subparagraph--

       ``(aa) to carry out fundamental research to advance 
     innovation in the key technology focus areas; and
       ``(bb) to further the development of innovations in the key 
     technology focus areas, including--
       ``(AA) innovations derived from research carried out under 
     item (aa), through such activities as proof-of-concept 
     development and prototyping, in order to reduce the cost, 
     time, and risk of commercializing new technologies; and
       ``(BB) through the use of public-private partnerships; and

       ``(II) may use support provided under such subparagraph--

       ``(aa) for the costs of equipment, including mid-tier 
     infrastructure, and the purchase of cyberinfrastructure 
     resources, including computer time; or
       ``(bb) for other activities or costs necessary to 
     accomplish the purposes of this section.
       ``(ii) Support of regional technology hubs.--Each center 
     established under subparagraph (A) may support and 
     participate in, as appropriate, the activities of any 
     regional technology hub designated under section 27(d) of the 
     Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
     3722(d)).
       ``(C) Requirements.--The Director shall ensure that any 
     institution of higher education or consortium receiving a 
     grant or cooperative agreement under subparagraph (A) has 
     demonstrated an ability to advance the goals described in 
     subsection (b)(1).
       ``(7) Moving technology from laboratory to market.--
       ``(A) Program authorized.--The Director shall establish a 
     program in the Directorate to award grants, on a competitive 
     basis, to institutions of higher education or consortia 
     described in paragraph (3)(A)(i)(III)--
       ``(i) to build capacity at an institution of higher 
     education and in its surrounding region to increase the 
     likelihood that new technologies in the key technology focus 
     areas will succeed in the commercial market; and
       ``(ii) with the goal of promoting experiments with a range 
     of models that institutions of higher education could use 
     to--

       ``(I) enable new technologies to mature to the point where 
     the technologies are more likely to succeed in the commercial 
     market; and
       ``(II) reduce the risks to commercial success for new 
     technologies earlier in their development.

     A grant awarded under this subparagraph for a purpose 
     described in clause (i) or (ii) may also enable the 
     institution of higher education or consortium to provide 
     training and support to scientists and engineers who are 
     interested in research and commercialization, if the use is 
     included in the proposal submitted under subparagraph (B).
       ``(B) Proposals.--An institution of higher education or 
     consortium desiring a grant under this paragraph shall submit 
     a proposal to the Director at such time, in such manner, and 
     containing such information as the Director may require. The 
     proposal shall include a description of--
       ``(i) the steps the applicant will take to reduce the risks 
     for commercialization for new technologies;
       ``(ii) why such steps are likely to be effective; and
       ``(iii) how such steps differ from previous efforts to 
     reduce the risks for commercialization for new technologies.
       ``(C) Use of funds.--A recipient of a grant under this 
     paragraph shall use grant funds to reduce the risks for 
     commercialization for new technologies developed on campus, 
     which may include--
       ``(i) creating and funding competitions to allow 
     entrepreneurial ideas from institutions of higher education 
     to illustrate their commercialization potential;
       ``(ii) facilitating mentorships between local and national 
     business leaders and potential entrepreneurs to encourage 
     successful commercialization;
       ``(iii) creating and funding for-profit or not-for-profit 
     entities that could enable researchers at institutions of 
     higher education to further develop new technology prior to 
     seeking commercial financing, through patient funding, 
     advice, staff support, or other means;
       ``(iv) providing off-campus facilities for start-up 
     companies where technology maturation could occur; and
       ``(v) revising institution policies to accomplish the goals 
     of this paragraph.
       ``(8) Test beds.--
       ``(A) Program authorized.--The Director, acting through the 
     Deputy Director, shall establish a program in the Directorate 
     to award grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of 
     higher education or consortia described in paragraph 
     (3)(A)(i)(III) to establish test beds and fabrication 
     facilities to advance the operation, integration and, as 
     appropriate, manufacturing of new, innovative technologies in 
     the key technology focus areas, which may include hardware or 
     software. The goal of such test beds and facilities shall be 
     to accelerate the movement of innovative technologies into 
     the commercial market through existing and new companies.
       ``(B) Proposals.--A proposal submitted under this paragraph 
     shall, at a minimum, describe--
       ``(i)(I) the 1 or more technologies that will be the focus 
     of the test bed or fabrication facility;
       ``(II) the goals of the work to be done at the test bed or 
     facility; and
       ``(III) the expected schedule for completing that work;
       ``(ii) how the applicant will assemble a workforce with the 
     skills needed to operate the test bed or facility;
       ``(iii) how the applicant will ensure that work in the test 
     bed or facility will contribute to the commercial viability 
     of any technologies, which may include collaboration and 
     funding from industry partners;
       ``(iv) how the applicant will encourage the participation 
     of entrepreneurs and the development of new businesses; and
       ``(v) how the test bed or facility will operate after 
     Federal funding has ended.
       ``(C) Awards.--Grants made under this paragraph--
       ``(i) shall be for 5 years, with the possibility of one 3-
     year extension; and
       ``(ii) may be used for the purchase of equipment, the 
     support of graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, 
     and the salaries of staff.
       ``(D) Requirements.--As a condition of receiving a grant 
     under this paragraph, an institution of higher education or 
     consortium shall publish and share with the public the 
     results of the work conducted under this paragraph.

[[Page S2600]]

       ``(9) Inapplicability.--Section 5(e)(1) shall not apply to 
     grants, contracts, or other arrangements made under this 
     section.
       ``(d) Board of Advisors.--
       ``(1) In general.--There is established in the Foundation a 
     Board of Advisors for the Directorate (referred to in this 
     section as the `Board of Advisors'), which shall provide 
     advice to the Deputy Director pursuant to this subsection. 
     The Board of Advisors shall not have any decision-making 
     authority.
       ``(2) Membership.--
       ``(A) Composition.--The Board of Advisors shall be 
     comprised of 12 members representing scientific leaders and 
     experts from industry and academia, of whom--
       ``(i) 2 shall be appointed by the majority leader of the 
     Senate;
       ``(ii) 2 shall be appointed by the minority leader of the 
     Senate;
       ``(iii) 2 shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of 
     Representatives;
       ``(iv) 2 shall be appointed by the minority leader of the 
     House of Representatives; and
       ``(v) 4 shall be appointed by the Director.
       ``(B) Opportunity for input.--Before appointing any member 
     under subparagraph (A), the appointing authority shall 
     provide an opportunity for the National Academies of 
     Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and other entities to 
     provide advice regarding potential appointees.
       ``(C) Qualifications.--
       ``(i) In general.--Each member appointed under subparagraph 
     (A) shall--

       ``(I) have extensive experience in a field related to the 
     work of the Directorate or other expertise relevant to 
     developing technology roadmaps; and
       ``(II) have, or be able to obtain within a reasonable 
     period of time, a security clearance appropriate for the work 
     of the Board of Advisors.

       ``(ii) Expedited security clearances.--The process of 
     obtaining a security clearance under clause (i)(II) may be 
     expedited by the head of the appropriate Federal agency to 
     enable the Board to receive classified briefings on the 
     current and future technological capacity of other nations, 
     and on the military implications of civilian technologies.
       ``(D) Date.--The appointments of the members of the Board 
     of Advisors shall be made not later than 90 days after the 
     date of enactment of the Endless Frontier Act.
       ``(3) Period of appointment; vacancies.--
       ``(A) In general.--A member of the Board of Advisors shall 
     be appointed for a 3-year term, except that the Deputy 
     Director shall adjust the terms for the first members of the 
     Board of Advisors so that, within each appointment category 
     described in clauses (i) through (v) of paragraph (2)(A), the 
     terms expire on a staggered basis.
       ``(B) Term limits.--A member of the Board of Advisors shall 
     not serve for more than 2 full consecutive terms.
       ``(C) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Board of Advisors--
       ``(i) shall not affect the powers of the Board of Advisors; 
     and
       ``(ii) shall be filled in the same manner as the original 
     appointment.
       ``(4) Chairperson.--The members of the Board of Advisors 
     shall elect 1 member to serve as the chairperson of the Board 
     of Advisors.
       ``(5) Meetings.--
       ``(A) Initial meeting.--Not later than 180 days after the 
     date of enactment of the Endless Frontier Act, the Board of 
     Advisors shall hold the first meeting of the Board of 
     Advisors.
       ``(B) Additional meetings.--After the first meeting of the 
     Board of Advisors, the Board of Advisors shall meet upon the 
     call of the chairperson or of the Director, and at least once 
     every 180 days for the duration of the Board of Advisors.
       ``(C) Meeting with the national science board.--The Board 
     of Advisors shall hold a joint meeting with the National 
     Science Board on at least an annual basis, on a date mutually 
     selected by the chairperson of the Board of Advisors and the 
     Chairman of the National Science Board.
       ``(D) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Board of 
     Advisors shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of 
     members may hold hearings.
       ``(6) Duties of board of advisors.--
       ``(A) In general.--The Board of Advisors shall provide 
     advice--
       ``(i) to the Deputy Director on programs that could best be 
     carried out to accomplish the purposes of this section;
       ``(ii) to the Deputy Director to inform the reviews of key 
     technology focus areas required under subsection (c)(2)(B); 
     and
       ``(iii) on other issues relating to the purposes and 
     responsibilities of the Directorate, as requested by the 
     Deputy Director.
       ``(B) No role in awarding grants, contracts, or cooperative 
     agreements.--The Board of Advisors shall not provide advice 
     on or otherwise help determine what entities shall receive 
     grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements under this Act.
       ``(7) Powers of board of advisors.--
       ``(A) Hearings.--The Board of Advisors may hold public or 
     private hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take 
     such testimony and receive such evidence (including 
     classified testimony and evidence), and administer such oaths 
     as may be necessary to carry out the functions of the Board 
     of Advisors under paragraph (6).
       ``(B) Information from federal agencies.--
       ``(i) In general.--Each Federal department or agency shall, 
     in accordance with applicable procedures for the handling of 
     classified information, provide reasonable access to 
     documents, statistical data, and other such information that 
     the Deputy Director, in consultation with the chairperson of 
     the Board of Advisors, determines necessary to carry out its 
     functions under paragraph (6).
       ``(ii) Obtaining classified information.--If the Board of 
     Advisors, acting through the chairperson, seeks classified 
     information from a Federal department or agency, the Deputy 
     Director shall submit a written request to the head of the 
     Federal department or agency for access to classified 
     documents and statistical data, and other classified 
     information described in clause (i), that is under the 
     control of such agency.
       ``(C) Financial disclosure reports.--Each member of the 
     Board of Advisors shall be required to file a financial 
     disclosure report under title I of the Ethics in Government 
     Act of 1978, except that such reports shall be held 
     confidential and exempt from any law otherwise requiring 
     their public disclosure.
       ``(8) Board of advisors personnel and operational 
     matters.--
       ``(A) Compensation of members.--
       ``(i) In general.--A member of the Board of Advisors shall 
     be compensated at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the 
     annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level IV of the 
     Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United 
     States Code, for each day (including travel time) during 
     which the member is engaged in the performance of the duties 
     of the Board of Advisors.
       ``(ii) No federal employee members.--No member of the Board 
     of Advisors may be an officer or employee of the United 
     States during the member's term on the Board of Advisors.
       ``(B) Travel expenses.--A member of the Board of Advisors 
     shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu 
     of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies 
     under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States 
     Code, while away from their home or regular places of 
     business in the performance of services for the Board of 
     Advisors.
       ``(C) Staff.--The Deputy Director, in consultation with the 
     chairperson of the Board of Advisors, shall assign an 
     employee of the Foundation to serve as an executive director 
     for the Board of Advisors.
       ``(D) Government employees.--
       ``(i) In general.--Any Federal Government employee may be 
     detailed to the Board of Advisors without reimbursement, and 
     such detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil 
     service status or privilege.
       ``(ii) Employees of the legislative branch.--The Deputy 
     Director shall establish procedures and policies to enable an 
     employee of an office, agency, or other entity in the 
     legislative branch of the Government to support the 
     activities of the Board of Advisors.
       ``(E) Procurement of temporary and intermittent services.--
     The chairperson of the Board of Advisors, with approval from 
     the Deputy Director, may procure temporary and intermittent 
     services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United States 
     Code, at rates for individuals which do not exceed the daily 
     equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for 
     level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of that 
     title.
       ``(F) Assistance from federal agencies.--A Federal 
     department or agency may provide to the Board of Advisors 
     such services, funds, facilities, staff, and other support 
     services as the department or agency may determine advisable 
     and as may be authorized by law.
       ``(9) Permanent board.--Section 14 of the Federal Advisory 
     Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Board of 
     Advisors.
       ``(e) Areas of Funding Support.--Subject to the 
     availability of funds under subsection (f), the Director 
     shall, for each fiscal year, use--
       ``(1) not less than 35 percent of funds provided to the 
     Directorate for such year to carry out subsection (c)(6);
       ``(2) not less than 15 percent of such funds to carry out 
     subsection (c)(5) with the goal of awarding, across the key 
     technology focus areas--
       ``(A) not fewer than 1,000 post-doctorate fellowships;
       ``(B) not fewer than 2,000 graduate fellowships and 
     traineeships;
       ``(C) not fewer than 1,000 undergraduate scholarships; and
       ``(D) if funds remain after carrying out subparagraphs (A) 
     through (C), grants to institutions of higher education to 
     enable the institutions to fund the development and 
     establishment of new or specialized courses of education for 
     graduate, undergraduate, or technical college students;
       ``(3) not less than 5 percent of such funds to carry out 
     subsection (c)(7);
       ``(4) not less than 10 percent of such funds to carry out 
     subsection (c)(8) by establishing and equipping test beds and 
     fabrication facilities; and
       ``(5) not less than 15 percent of such funds to carry out 
     research and related activities pursuant to subclauses (I) 
     and (II) of subsection (c)(3)(A)(ii).
       ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--
       ``(1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
     for the Directorate, in addition to any other funds made 
     available to the Directorate, a total of $100,000,000,000 for 
     fiscal years 2021 through 2025, of which--
       ``(A) $2,000,000,000 is authorized for fiscal year 2021;
       ``(B) $8,000,000,000 is authorized for fiscal year 2022;

[[Page S2601]]

       ``(C) $20,000,000,000 is authorized for fiscal year 2023;
       ``(D) $35,000,000,000 is authorized for fiscal year 2024; 
     and
       ``(E) $35,000,000,000 is authorized for fiscal year 2025.
       ``(2) Appropriations limitations.--
       ``(A) Hold harmless.--No funds shall be appropriated to the 
     Directorate or to carry out this section for any fiscal year 
     in which the total amount appropriated to the Foundation (not 
     including amounts appropriated for the Directorate) is less 
     than the total amount appropriated to the Foundation (not 
     including such amounts), adjusted by the rate of inflation, 
     for the previous fiscal year.
       ``(B) No transfer of funds.--The Director shall not 
     transfer any funds appropriated to any other directorate or 
     office of the Foundation to the Directorate.''.
       (d) Annual Report on Unfunded Priorities.--
       (1) Annual report.--Not later than 10 days after the date 
     on which the budget of the President for a fiscal year is 
     submitted to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, 
     United States Code, the Director shall submit to the 
     President and to Congress a report on the unfunded priorities 
     of the National Science and Technology Foundation.
       (2) Elements.--Each report submitted under paragraph (1) 
     shall provide--
       (A) for each directorate of the National Science Foundation 
     for the most recent, fully completed fiscal year--
       (i) the proposal success rate;
       (ii) the percentage of proposals that were not funded and 
     that met the criteria for funding; and
       (iii) the most promising research areas covered by 
     proposals described in clause (ii); and
       (B) a list, in order of priority, of the next activities 
     that should be undertaken in the Major Research Equipment and 
     Facilities Construction account.

     SEC. 4. REGIONAL TECHNOLOGY HUB PROGRAM.

       (a) Definitions.--
       (1) Key technology focus areas.--Subsection (a) of section 
     27 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 
     (15 U.S.C. 3722) is amended--
       (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as 
     paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively; and
       (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
       ``(2) Key technology focus areas.--The term `key technology 
     focus areas' means the areas included on the most recent list 
     under section 8A(c)(2) of the Act of May 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 
     149, chapter 171; 42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.).''.
       (2) Venture development organizations.--Paragraph (5) of 
     such subsection, as redesignated by paragraph (1) of this 
     subsection, is amended by striking ``purposes of'' and all 
     that follows through the period at the end and inserting the 
     following: ``purposes of--
       ``(A) accelerating the commercialization of research;
       ``(B) strengthening the competitive position of industry 
     through the development, commercial adoption, or deployment 
     of technology; and
       ``(C) providing financial grants, loans, or direct 
     financial investment to commercialize technology.''.
       (b) Designation of and Support for Regional Technology Hubs 
     as Part of Regional Innovation Program of Department of 
     Commerce.--
       (1) In general.--Such section is amended--
       (A) by redesignating subsections (d) through (h) as 
     subsections (e) through (i), respectively; and
       (B) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
       ``(d) Designation of and Grants in Support of Regional 
     Technology Hubs.--
       ``(1) Program required.--
       ``(A) In general.--As part of the program established under 
     subsection (b), the Secretary shall carry out a program--
       ``(i) to designate eligible consortia as regional 
     technology hubs that create the conditions, within a region, 
     to facilitate activities that--

       ``(I) enable United States leadership in a key technology 
     focus area, complementing the Federal research and 
     development investments under section 8A of the Act of May 
     10, 1950 (64 Stat. 149, chapter 171; 42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.); 
     and
       ``(II) support regional economic development that diffuses 
     innovation capacity around the United States, enabling better 
     broad-based growth and competitiveness in key technology 
     focus areas; and

       ``(ii) to support regional technology hubs designated under 
     clause (i).
       ``(B) Eligible consortia.--For purposes of this section, an 
     eligible consortium is a consortium that--
       ``(i) includes--

       ``(I) an institution of higher education;
       ``(II) a local or Tribal government or other political 
     subdivision of a State;
       ``(III) a government of a State or the economic development 
     representative of a State; and
       ``(IV) an economic development organization or similar 
     entity that is focused primarily on improving science, 
     technology, innovation, or entrepreneurship; and

       ``(ii) may include 1 or more--

       ``(I) nonprofit entities with relevant expertise;
       ``(II) venture development organizations;
       ``(III) financial institutions;
       ``(IV) educational institutions, including career and 
     technical education schools;
       ``(V) workforce training organizations;
       ``(VI) industry associations;
       ``(VII) firms in the key technology focus areas;
       ``(VIII) Federal laboratories;
       ``(IX) Centers (as defined in section 25(a) of the National 
     Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
     278k(a));
       ``(X) Manufacturing USA institutes (as described in section 
     34(d) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
     Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d))); and
       ``(XI) institutions receiving an award under paragraph (6) 
     or (7) of section 8A(c) of the Act of May 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 
     149, chapter 171; 42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.).

       ``(C) Administration.--The Secretary shall carry out this 
     subsection through the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for 
     Economic Development and the Under Secretary of Commerce for 
     Standards and Technology, jointly.
       ``(2) Designation of regional technology hubs.--
       ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall use a competitive 
     process for the designation of regional technology hubs under 
     paragraph (1)(A)(i).
       ``(B) Number of regional technology hubs.--During the 5-
     year period beginning on the date of the enactment of the 
     Endless Frontier Act, the Secretary shall designate not fewer 
     than 10 and not more than 15 eligible consortia as regional 
     technology hubs under paragraph (1)(A)(i).
       ``(C) Geographic distribution.--In conducting the 
     competitive process under subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
     shall ensure geographic distribution in the designation of 
     regional technology hubs--
       ``(i) aiming to designate regional technology hubs in as 
     many regions of the United States as possible; and
       ``(ii) focusing on localities that have clear potential and 
     relevant assets for developing a key technology focus area 
     but have not yet become leading technology centers.
       ``(3) Grants.--
       ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out clause 
     (ii) of paragraph (1)(A) through the award of grants to 
     eligible consortia designated under clause (i) of such 
     paragraph.
       ``(B) Term.--Each grant awarded under subparagraph (A) 
     shall be for a period of 5 years, but may be renewed once for 
     an additional period of 5 years.
       ``(C) Matching required.--The total Federal financial 
     assistance awarded in a given year to an eligible consortium 
     in support of the eligible consortium's operation as a 
     regional technology hub under this subsection shall not 
     exceed amounts as follows:
       ``(i) In fiscal year 2021, 90 percent of the total funding 
     of the regional technology hub in that fiscal year.
       ``(ii) In fiscal year 2022, 85 percent of the total funding 
     of the regional technology hub in that fiscal year.
       ``(iii) In fiscal year 2023, 80 percent of the total 
     funding of the regional technology hub in that fiscal year.
       ``(iv) In fiscal year 2024 and in each fiscal year 
     thereafter, 75 percent of the total funding of the regional 
     technology hub in that fiscal year.
       ``(D) Use of grant funds.--The recipient of a grant awarded 
     under subparagraph (A) shall use the grant for multiple 
     activities determined appropriate by the Secretary, 
     including--
       ``(i) the permissible activities set forth under subsection 
     (c)(2); and
       ``(ii) activities in support of key technology focus 
     areas--

       ``(I) to develop the region's skilled workforce through the 
     training and retraining of workers and alignment of career 
     technical training and educational programs in the region's 
     elementary and secondary schools and institutions of higher 
     education;
       ``(II) to develop regional strategies for infrastructure 
     improvements and site development in support of the regional 
     technology hub's plans and programs;
       ``(III) to support business activity that develops the 
     domestic supply chain and encourages the creation of new 
     business entities;
       ``(IV) to attract new private, public, and philanthropic 
     investment in the region for developing innovation capacity, 
     including establishing regional venture and loan funds for 
     financing technology commercialization, new business 
     formation, and business expansions;
       ``(V) to further the development of innovations in the key 
     technology focus areas, including innovations derived from 
     research conducted at institutions of higher education or 
     other research entities, including research conducted by 1 or 
     more university technology centers established under section 
     8A(c)(6) of the Act of May 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 149, chapter 
     171; 42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.), through activities that may 
     include--

       ``(aa) proof-of-concept development and prototyping;
       ``(bb) public-private partnerships in order to reduce the 
     cost, time, and risk of commercializing new technologies;
       ``(cc) creating and funding competitions to allow 
     entrepreneurial ideas from institutions of higher education 
     to illustrate their commercialization potential;
       ``(dd) facilitating mentorships between local and national 
     business leaders and potential entrepreneurs to encourage 
     successful commercialization;

[[Page S2602]]

       ``(ee) creating and funding for-profit or not-for-profit 
     entities that could enable researchers at institutions of 
     higher education and other research entities to further 
     develop new technology prior to seeking commercial financing, 
     through patient funding, advice, staff support, or other 
     means; and
       ``(ff) providing facilities for start-up companies where 
     technology maturation could occur; and

       ``(VI) to carry out such other activities as the Secretary 
     considers appropriate to improve United States 
     competitiveness and regional economic development to support 
     a key technology focus area and that would further the 
     purposes of the Endless Frontiers Act.

       ``(4) Applications.--
       ``(A) In general.--An eligible consortium seeking 
     designation as a regional technology hub under clause (i) of 
     paragraph (1)(A) and support under clause (ii) of such 
     paragraph shall submit to the Secretary an application 
     therefor at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
     information as the Secretary may specify.
       ``(B) Consultation with national science foundation 
     university technology centers.--In preparing an application 
     for submittal under subparagraph (A), an applicant shall, to 
     the extent practicable, consult with one or more university 
     technology centers established under section 8A(c)(6) of the 
     Act of May 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 149, chapter 171; 42 U.S.C. 
     1861 et seq.) that are either geographically relevant or are 
     conducting research on relevant key technology focus areas.
       ``(5) Considerations for designation and grant awards.--In 
     selecting an eligible consortium that submitted an 
     application under paragraph (4)(A) for designation and 
     support under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall consider, 
     at a minimum, the following:
       ``(A) The potential of the eligible consortium to advance 
     the development of new technologies in a key technology focus 
     area.
       ``(B) The likelihood of positive regional economic effect, 
     including increasing the number of high wage jobs, and 
     creating new economic opportunities for economically 
     disadvantaged populations.
       ``(C) How the eligible consortium plans to integrate with 
     and leverage the resources of one or more university 
     technology centers established under section 8A(c)(6) of the 
     Act of May 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 149, chapter 171; 42 U.S.C. 
     1861 et seq.) in a related key technology focus area.
       ``(D) How the eligible consortium will engage with the 
     private sector, including small- and medium-sized enterprises 
     to commercialize new technologies and develop new supply 
     chains in the United States in a key technology focus area.
       ``(E) How the eligible consortium will carry out workforce 
     development and skills acquisition programming, including 
     through the use of apprenticeships, mentorships, and other 
     related activities authorized by the Secretary, to support 
     the development of a key technology focus area.
       ``(F) How the eligible consortium will improve science, 
     technology, engineering, and mathematics education programs 
     in the identified region in elementary and secondary school 
     and higher education institutions located in the identified 
     region to support the development of a key technology focus 
     area.
       ``(G) How the eligible consortium plans to develop 
     partnerships with venture development organizations and 
     sources of private investment in support of private sector 
     activity, including launching new or expanding existing 
     companies, in a key technology focus area.
       ``(H) How the eligible consortium plans to organize the 
     activities of regional partners in the public, private, and 
     philanthropic sectors in support of the proposed regional 
     technology hub, including the development of necessary 
     infrastructure improvements and site preparation.
       ``(I) How the eligible consortium plans to address economic 
     inclusion, including ensuring that skill development, 
     entrepreneurial assistance, and other activities focus on 
     economically disadvantaged populations.
       ``(6) Coordination with national institute of standards and 
     technology programs.--
       ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
       ``(i) Manufacturing extension center.--The term 
     `manufacturing extension center' has the meaning given the 
     term `Center' in section 25(a) of the National Institute of 
     Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k(a).
       ``(ii) Manufacturing usa institute.--The term 
     `Manufacturing USA institute' means a Manufacturing USA 
     institute described in section 34(d) of the National 
     Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
     278s(d)).
       ``(B) Coordination required.--The Secretary shall 
     coordinate the activities of regional technology hubs 
     designated under this subsection, the Hollings Manufacturing 
     Extension Partnership, and the Manufacturing USA Program with 
     each other to the degree that doing so does not diminish the 
     effectiveness of the ongoing activities of a manufacturing 
     extension center or a Manufacturing USA institute.
       ``(C) Condition of support.--In order to coordinate 
     activities under subparagraph (B), the Secretary may 
     condition the award of a grant or support under this 
     subsection or section 25 or 34 of the National Institute of 
     Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278s) upon 
     submittal to the coordination efforts of the Secretary under 
     subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.
       ``(D) Elements.--Coordination by the Secretary under 
     subparagraph (B) may include the following:
       ``(i) The alignment of activities of the Hollings 
     Manufacturing Extension Partnership with the activities of 
     regional technology hubs designated under this subsection, if 
     applicable.
       ``(ii) The alignment of activities of the Manufacturing USA 
     Program and the Manufacturing USA institutes with the 
     activities of regional technology hubs designated under this 
     subsection, if applicable.
       ``(7) Interagency collaboration.--In assisting regional 
     technology hubs designated under paragraph (1)(A)(i), the 
     Secretary--
       ``(A) shall collaborate with Federal departments and 
     agencies whose missions contribute to the goals of the 
     regional technology hub;
       ``(B) may accept funds from other Federal agencies to 
     support grants and activities under this subsection; and
       ``(C) may establish interagency agreements with other 
     Federal departments or agencies to provide preferential 
     consideration for financial or technical assistance to a 
     regional technology hub designated under this subsection if 
     all applicable requirements for the financial or technical 
     assistance are met.
       ``(8) Performance measurement, transparency, and 
     accountability.--
       ``(A) Metrics, standards, and assessment.--For each grant 
     awarded under paragraph (3) for a regional technology hub, 
     the Secretary shall--
       ``(i) develop metrics to assess the effectiveness of the 
     activities funded in making progress toward the purposes set 
     forth under paragraph (1)(A);
       ``(ii) establish standards for the performance of the 
     regional technology hub that are based on the metrics 
     developed under clause (i); and
       ``(iii) 2 years after the initial award under paragraph (3) 
     and each year thereafter until Federal financial assistance 
     under this subsection for the regional technology hub is 
     discontinued, conduct an assessment of the regional 
     technology hub to confirm whether the performance of the 
     regional technology hub is meeting the standards for 
     performance established under clause (ii).
       ``(B) Annual report.--Not less frequently than once each 
     year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
     Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the 
     Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, the Committee on 
     Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
     Representatives, and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
     House of Representatives an annual report on the results of 
     the assessments conducted by the Secretary under subparagraph 
     (A)(iii) during the period covered by the report.''.
       (2) Initial designations and awards.--
       (A) Competition required.--Not later than 180 days after 
     the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
     Commerce shall commence a competition under paragraph (2)(A) 
     of section 27(d) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology 
     Innovation Act of 1980, as added by paragraph (1).
       (B) Designation and award.--Not later than 1 year after the 
     date of the enactment of this Act, if the Secretary has 
     received at least 1 application under paragraph (4) of such 
     section from an eligible consortium whom the Secretary 
     considers suitable for designation under paragraph (1)(A)(i) 
     of such section, the Secretary shall--
       (i) designate at least 1 regional technology hub under 
     paragraph (1)(A)(i) of such section; and
       (ii) award a grant under paragraph (3)(A) of such section 
     to each regional technology hub designated under clause (i) 
     of this subparagraph.
       (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Subsection (i) of 
     such section, as redesignated by subsection (c)(1)(A) of this 
     section, is amended--
       (1) by striking ``From amounts'' and inserting the 
     following:
       ``(1) In general.--From amounts'';
       (2) in paragraph (1), as redesignated by paragraph (1) of 
     this subsection, by striking ``this section'' and inserting 
     ``the provisions of this section other than subsection (d)''; 
     and
       (3) by adding at the end the following:
       ``(2) Regional technology hubs.--There is authorized to be 
     appropriated to the Secretary to carry out subsection (d) 
     $10,000,000,000 for the period of fiscal year 2021 through 
     2025.''.

     SEC. 5. STRATEGY AND REPORT ON ECONOMIC SECURITY, SCIENCE, 
                   RESEARCH, AND INNOVATION TO SUPPORT THE 
                   NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY.

       (a) Definitions.--In this section:
       (1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
     ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
       (A) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed 
     Services, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban 
     Affairs, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
     Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural 
     Resources, the Committee on Finance, the Committee on Foreign 
     Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
     Senate; and
       (B) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed 
     Services, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee 
     on Financial Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
     Committee on Ways

[[Page S2603]]

     and Means, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
     of the House of Representatives.
       (2) Key technology focus area.--The term ``key technology 
     focus area'' means an area included on the most recent list 
     under section 8A(c)(2) of the Act of May 10, 1950 (64 Stat. 
     149, chapter 171; 42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.).
       (3) National security strategy.--The term ``national 
     security strategy'' means the national security strategy 
     required by section 108 of the National Security Act of 1947 
     (50 U.S.C. 3043).
       (b) Strategy and Report.--
       (1) In general.--In 2021 and in each year thereafter before 
     the applicable date set forth under paragraph (2), the 
     Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in 
     coordination with the Director of the National Economic 
     Council, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the 
     Secretary of Commerce, the National Security Council, and the 
     heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall--
       (A) review such strategy, programs, and resources as the 
     Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 
     determines pertain to United States national competitiveness 
     in science, research, and innovation to support the national 
     security strategy;
       (B) develop a strategy for the Federal Government to 
     improve the national competitiveness of the United States in 
     science, research, and innovation to support the national 
     security strategy; and
       (C) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress--
       (i) a report on the findings of the Director with respect 
     to the review conducted under paragraph (1); and
       (ii) the strategy developed or revised under paragraph (2).
       (2) Applicable dates.--In each year, the applicable date 
     set forth under this paragraph is as follows:
       (A) In 2021, December 31, 2021.
       (B) In 2022 and every year thereafter--
       (i) in any year in which a new President is inaugurated, 
     October 1 of that year; and
       (ii) in any other year, the date that is 90 days after the 
     date of the transmission to Congress in that year of the 
     national security strategy.
       (c) Elements.--
       (1) Report.--Each report submitted under subsection 
     (b)(1)(C)(i) shall include the following:
       (A) An assessment of public and private investment in 
     civilian and military science and technology and its 
     implications for the geostrategic position and national 
     security of the United States.
       (B) A description of the prioritized economic security 
     interests and objectives of the United States relating to 
     science, research, and innovation and an assessment of how 
     investment in civilian and military science and technology 
     can advance those objectives.
       (C) An assessment of how regional efforts are contributing 
     and could contribute to the innovation capacity of the United 
     States, including--
       (i) programs run by State and local governments; and
       (ii) regional factors that are contributing or could 
     contribute positively to innovation.
       (D) An assessment of barriers to competitiveness in key 
     technology focus areas and barriers to the development and 
     evolution of start-ups, small and mid-sized business 
     entities, and industries in key technology focus areas.
       (E) An assessment of the effectiveness of the Federal 
     Government, federally funded research and development 
     centers, and national labs in supporting and promoting 
     technology commercialization and technology transfer, 
     including an assessment of the adequacy of Federal research 
     and development funding in promoting competitiveness and the 
     development of new technologies.
       (F) An assessment of manufacturing capacity, logistics, and 
     supply chain dynamics of major export sectors, including 
     access to a skilled workforce, physical infrastructure, and 
     broadband network infrastructure.
       (2) Strategy.--Each strategy submitted under subsection 
     (b)(1)(C)(ii) shall include the following:
       (A) A plan to utilize available tools to address or 
     minimize the leading threats and challenges and to take 
     advantage of the leading opportunities, including the 
     following:
       (i) Specific objectives, tasks, metrics, and milestones for 
     each relevant Federal agency.
       (ii) Specific plans to support public and private sector 
     investment in research, technology development, and domestic 
     manufacturing in key technology focus areas supportive of the 
     national economic competitiveness of the United States and to 
     foster the prudent use of public-private partnerships.
       (iii) Specific plans to promote environmental stewardship 
     and fair competition for United States workers.
       (iv) A description of--

       (I) how the strategy submitted under subsection (b)(3)(B) 
     supports the national security strategy; and
       (II) how the strategy submitted under such subsection is 
     integrated and coordinated with the most recent national 
     defense strategy under section 113(g) of title 10, United 
     States Code.

       (v) A plan to encourage the governments of countries that 
     are allies or partners of the United States to cooperate with 
     the execution of the strategy submitted under subsection 
     (b)(3)(B), where appropriate.
       (vi) A plan to encourage certain international and 
     multilateral organizations to support the implementation of 
     such strategy.
       (vii) A plan for how the United States should develop local 
     and regional capacity for building innovation ecosystems 
     across the nation by providing Federal support.
       (viii) A plan for strengthening the industrial base of the 
     United States.
       (B) An identification of additional resources, 
     administrative action, or legislative action recommended to 
     assist with the implementation of such strategy.
       (d) Form of Reports and Strategies.--Each report and 
     strategy submitted under subsection (b) shall be submitted in 
     unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

     SEC. 6. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

       (a) Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992.--The 
     Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
     1862h et seq.) is amended--
       (1) in section 2(a)(5) (42 U.S.C. 1862h(a)(5)), by striking 
     ``National Science Foundation'' and inserting ``National 
     Science and Technology Foundation''; and
       (2) in section 3 (42 U.S.C. 1862i), by striking ``National 
     Science Foundation'' each place the term appears and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation''.
       (b) National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 
     1998.--The National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 
     1998 (42 U.S.C. 1862k et seq.) is amended--
       (1) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 2 (112 
     Stat. 869), by striking ``National Science Foundation 
     established'' and inserting ``National Science and Technology 
     Foundation established''; and
       (2) in section 101(a)(6) (42 U.S.C. 1862k(a)(6)), by 
     striking ``National Science Foundation'' each place the term 
     appears and inserting ``National Science and Technology 
     Foundation''.
       (c) National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 
     2002.--The National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 
     2002 (42 U.S.C. 1862n et seq.) is amended--
       (1) in section 2 (42 U.S.C. 1862n note), by striking 
     ``National Science Foundation'' each place the term appears 
     and inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation'';
       (2) in each of paragraphs (4) and (7) of section 4 (42 
     U.S.C. 1862n note), by striking ``National Science Foundation 
     established'' and inserting ``National Science and Technology 
     Foundation established''; and
       (3) in section 10A (42 U.S.C. 1862n-1a)--
       (A) in the section heading, by inserting ``and technology'' 
     after ``national science'';
       (B) in the subsection heading of subsection (e), by 
     inserting ``and Technology'' after ``National Science''; and
       (C) by striking ``National Science Foundation'' each place 
     the term appears and inserting ``National Science and 
     Technology Foundation''.
       (d) America COMPETES Act.--The America COMPETES Act (Public 
     Law 110-69; 121 Stat. 572) is amended--
       (1) in each of sections 1006(c)(1)(K) (15 U.S.C. 
     3718(c)(1)(K)), 4001 (33 U.S.C. 893), and 5003(b)(1), by 
     striking ``National Science Foundation'' and inserting 
     ``National Science and Technology Foundation'';
       (2) in section 7001(5) (42 U.S.C. 1862o note), by striking 
     ``National Science Foundation'' and inserting ``National 
     Science and Technology Foundation''; and
       (3) in the title heading for title VII, by inserting ``AND 
     TECHNOLOGY'' after ``NATIONAL SCIENCE''.
       (e) National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, 
     and Priorities Act of 1976.--The National Science and 
     Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 
     (42 U.S.C. 6601 et seq.) is amended--
       (1) in section 205(b)(2) (42 U.S.C. 6614(b)(2)), by 
     striking ``National Science Foundation'' and inserting 
     ``National Science and Technology Foundation''; and
       (2) in section 206 (42 U.S.C. 6615), by striking ``National 
     Science Foundation'' each place the term appears and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation''.
       (f) America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010.--The 
     America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-
     358; 124 Stat. 3982) is amended--
       (1) in the subtitle heading of subtitle A of title V, by 
     inserting ``and Technology'' after ``National Science'';
       (2) in section 502 (42 U.S.C. 1862p note)--
       (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``National Science 
     Foundation'' and inserting ``National Science and Technology 
     Foundation''; and
       (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``National Science 
     Foundation established'' and inserting ``National Science and 
     Technology Foundation established'';
       (3) in the section heading of section 506 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-
     1), by inserting ``and technology'' after ``national 
     science'';
       (4) in section 517 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-9)--
       (A) in paragraph (2) of subsection (a), by striking 
     ``National Science Foundation'' each place the term appears 
     and inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation''; 
     and
       (B) in each of subsections (a)(4), (b), and (c)(2), by 
     striking ``National Science Foundation'' and inserting 
     ``National Science and Technology Foundation'';
       (5) in section 518 (124 Stat. 4015), by striking 
     ``Foundation.'' and inserting ``and Technology Foundation.'';

[[Page S2604]]

       (6) in section 519 (124 Stat. 4015)--
       (A) in the section heading, by inserting ``and technology'' 
     after ``national science''; and
       (B) by striking ``National Science Foundation'' each place 
     the term appears and inserting ``National Science and 
     Technology Foundation'';
       (7) in section 520 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-10)--
       (A) by striking ``National Science Foundation'' each place 
     the term appears and inserting ``National Science and 
     Technology Foundation''; and
       (B) in the subsection heading of subsection (b), by 
     striking ``NSF'' and inserting ``NSTF'';
       (8) in section 522 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-11)--
       (A) in the section heading, by striking ``nsf'' and 
     inserting ``nstf''; and
       (B) by striking ``National Science Foundation'' and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation'';
       (9) in section 524 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-12), by striking 
     ``National Science Foundation'' each place the term appears 
     and inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation''; 
     and
       (10) in section 555(5) (20 U.S.C. 9905(5)), by inserting 
     ``and Technology'' after ``National Science''.
       (g) STEM Education Act of 2015.--Each of sections 2 and 3 
     of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 6621 note; 
     1862q) are amended by striking ``National Science 
     Foundation'' and inserting ``National Science and Technology 
     Foundation''.
       (h) Research Excellence and Advancements for Dyslexia 
     Act.--The Research Excellence and Advancements for Dyslexia 
     Act (Public Law 114-124; 130 Stat. 120) is amended by 
     striking ``National Science'' each place the term appears and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology''.
       (i) American Innovation and Competitiveness Act.--The 
     American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 1862s 
     et seq.) is amended--
       (1) in section 2 (42 U.S.C. 1862 note), by inserting ``and 
     Technology'' after ``National Science''; and
       (2) in section 601(a)(1) (42 U.S.C. 1862s-8(a)(1)), by 
     striking ``National Science'' each place the term appears and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology''.
       (j) National Science Foundation Authorization Act, 1976.--
     The National Science Foundation Authorization Act, 1976 
     (Public Law 94-86) is amended--
       (1) in section 2(b) (42 U.S.C. 1869a), by striking 
     ``National Science Foundation'' each place the term appears 
     and inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation''; 
     and
       (2) in section 6(a) (42 U.S.C. 1881a(a)), by striking 
     ``National Science Foundation'' and inserting ``National 
     Science and Technology Foundation''.
       (k) National Science Foundation Authorization Act, 1977.--
     Section 8 of the National Science Foundation Authorization 
     Act, 1977 (42 U.S.C. 1883) is amended by striking ``National 
     Science Foundation'' each place the term appears and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation''.
       (l) National Science Foundation Authorization Act, Fiscal 
     Year 1978.--Section 8 of the National Science Foundation 
     Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1978 (42 U.S.C. 1869b) is 
     amended by inserting ``and Technology'' after ``National 
     Science''.
       (m) Act of August 25, 1959.--The first section of the Act 
     of August 25, 1959 (42 U.S.C. 1880) is amended by inserting 
     ``and Technology'' after ``National Science''.
       (n) National Science Foundation Authorization Act for 
     Fiscal Year 1980.--Section 9 of the National Science 
     Foundation Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1980 (42 U.S.C. 
     1882) is amended by striking ``National Science Foundation'' 
     each place the term appears and inserting ``National Science 
     and Technology Foundation''.
       (o) National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
     Authorization Act of 2005.--Section 721 of the National 
     Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 
     2005 (42 U.S.C. 1886a) is amended by striking ``The National 
     Science Foundation'' and inserting ``The National Science and 
     Technology Foundation''.
       (p) National Science Foundation Authorization Act for 
     Fiscal Year 1986.--Section 108 of the National Science 
     Foundation Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1986 (42 U.S.C. 
     1886) is amended by inserting ``and Technology'' after 
     ``National Science''.
       (q) National Quantum Initiative Act.--The National Quantum 
     Initiative Act (Public Law 115-368) is amended--
       (1) in the table of contents in section 2, by striking the 
     item relating to title III and inserting the following:

    ``TITLE III--NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION QUANTUM 
                             ACTIVITIES'';

       (2) in section 102(a)(2)(A) (15 U.S.C. 8812(a)(2)(A)), by 
     inserting ``and Technology'' after ``National Science'';
       (3) in section 103 (15 U.S.C. 8813), by striking ``National 
     Science Foundation'' each place the term appears and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation'';
       (4) in the title heading for title III, by inserting ``AND 
     TECHNOLOGY'' after ``NATIONAL SCIENCE''; and
       (5) in each of sections 301 and 302 (15 U.S.C. 8841, 8842), 
     by striking ``National Science Foundation'' each place the 
     term appears and inserting ``National Science and Technology 
     Foundation''.
       (r) Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014.--The 
     Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 7421 et 
     seq.) is amended--
       (1) in section 201 (15 U.S.C. 7431), by striking ``National 
     Science Foundation'' each place the term appears and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation''; and
       (2) in each of sections 301 and 302 (15 U.S.C. 7441, 7442), 
     by striking ``National Science Foundation'' each place the 
     term appears and inserting ``National Science and Technology 
     Foundation''.
       (s) High-performance Computing Act of 1991.--The High-
     Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5501 et seq.) is 
     amended--
       (1) in section 101(a)(3)(C)(xi) 15 U.S.C. 
     5511(a)(3)(C)(xi)), by inserting ``and Technology'' after 
     ``National Science''; and
       (2) in section 201 (15 U.S.C. 5521)--
       (A) in the section heading, by inserting ``and technology'' 
     after ``national science''; and
       (B) by striking ``National Science Foundation'' each place 
     the term appears and inserting ``National Science and 
     Technology Foundation''.
       (t) Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984.--The Arctic 
     Research and Policy Act of 1984 (15 U.S.C. 4101 et seq.) is 
     amended--
       (1) in each of sections 102(b)(3) and 103(b)(1) (15 U.S.C. 
     4101(b)(3), 4102(b)(1)), by inserting ``and Technology'' 
     after ``National Science''; and
       (2) in section 107 (15 U.S.C. 4106)--
       (A) in the subsection heading of subsection (a), by 
     inserting ``and Technology'' after ``National Science''; and
       (B) by striking ``National Science Foundation'' each place 
     the term appears and inserting ``National Science and 
     Technology Foundation''.
       (u) Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980.--
     The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 
     U.S.C. 3701 et seq.) is amended--
       (1) in each of sections 4(5), 5(a)(2)(A), 20, and 21(d) (15 
     U.S.C. 3703(5), 3704(a)(2)(A), 3712, and 3713(d)), by 
     inserting ``and Technology'' after ``National Science'';
       (2) in section 9 (15 U.S.C. 3707)--
       (A) in the section heading, by inserting ``and technology'' 
     after ``national science'';
       (B) in each of subsections (a) and (b), by striking 
     ``National Science Foundation'' and inserting ``National 
     Science and Technology Foundation''; and
       (C) in subsection (c)--
       (i) by striking ``National Science Foundation in'' and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation in''; 
     and
       (ii) by striking ``National Science Foundation under'' and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation 
     under''; and
       (3) in section 10 (15 U.S.C. 3708), by striking ``National 
     Science Foundation'' each place the term appears and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation''.
       (v) Cyber Security Research and Development Act.--The Cyber 
     Security Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7401 et 
     seq.) is amended--
       (1) in section 3(1) (15 U.S.C. 7402(1)), by inserting ``and 
     Technology'' after ``National Science'';
       (2) in section 5 (15 U.S.C. 7404)--
       (A) in the section heading, by inserting ``and technology'' 
     after ``national science'';
       (B) in subsection (c)(4), by inserting ``and Technology'' 
     after ``National Science''; and
       (C) in subsection (d), by striking ``National Science 
     Foundation's'' and inserting ``National Science and 
     Technology Foundation's''; and
       (3) in section 13 (15 U.S.C. 7409), by striking ``National 
     Science Foundation'' each place the term appears and 
     inserting ``National Science and Technology Foundation''.
       (w) National Superconductivity and Competitiveness Act of 
     1988.--Section 6 of the National Superconductivity and 
     Competitiveness Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 5205) is amended by 
     inserting ``and Technology'' after ``National Science''.
       (x) Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 
     2017.--Each of sections 105 and 402(a)(1) of the Weather 
     Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 
     8515, 8542(a)(1)) are amended by inserting ``and Technology'' 
     after ``National Science''.
                                 ______