[Congressional Record Volume 165, Number 98 (Wednesday, June 12, 2019)]
[Senate]
[Pages S3402-S3406]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

  SA 313. Ms. MURKOWSKI (for herself, Mr. Manchin, Mr. Tillis, Mr. 
Cramer, Mrs. Capito, Mr. Sullivan, Mr. Risch, Mr. Jones, and Ms. 
McSally) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the 
bill S. 1790, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2020 for 
military activities of the Department of Defense, for military 
construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, 
to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for 
other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

       At the appropriate place in title ___, insert the 
     following:

             Subtitle ___--Minerals Security and Technology

                   PART I--AMERICAN MINERAL SECURITY

     SEC. __01. DEFINITIONS.

       In this part:
       (1) Byproduct.--The term ``byproduct'' means a critical 
     mineral--
       (A) the recovery of which depends on the production of a 
     host mineral that is not designated as a critical mineral; 
     and
       (B) that exists in sufficient quantities to be recovered 
     during processing or refining.
       (2) Critical mineral.--
       (A) In general.--The term ``critical mineral'' means any 
     mineral, element, substance, or material designated as 
     critical by the Secretary under section __03.
       (B) Exclusions.--The term ``critical mineral'' does not 
     include--
       (i) fuel minerals, including oil, natural gas, or any other 
     fossil fuels; or
       (ii) water, ice, or snow.
       (3) Critical mineral manufacturing.--The term ``critical 
     mineral manufacturing'' means--
       (A) the exploration, development, mining, production, 
     processing, refining, alloying, separation, concentration, 
     magnetic sintering, melting, or beneficiation of critical 
     minerals within the United States;
       (B) the fabrication, assembly, or production, within the 
     United States, of equipment, components, or other goods with 
     energy technology-, defense-, agriculture-, consumer 
     electronics-, or health care-related applications; or
       (C) any other value-added, manufacturing-related use of 
     critical minerals undertaken within the United States.
       (4) Indian tribe.--The term ``Indian tribe'' has the 
     meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
     Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).
       (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
     of the Interior.
       (6) State.--The term ``State'' means--
       (A) a State;
       (B) the District of Columbia;
       (C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
       (D) Guam;
       (E) American Samoa;
       (F) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; and
       (G) the United States Virgin Islands.

     SEC. __02. POLICY.

       (a) In General.--Section 3 of the National Materials and 
     Minerals Policy, Research and Development Act of 1980 (30 
     U.S.C. 1602) is amended in the second sentence--
       (1) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:

[[Page S3403]]

       ``(3) establish an analytical and forecasting capability 
     for identifying critical mineral demand, supply, and other 
     factors to allow informed actions to be taken to avoid supply 
     shortages, mitigate price volatility, and prepare for demand 
     growth and other market shifts;'';
       (2) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' after the 
     semicolon at the end; and
       (3) by striking paragraph (7) and inserting the following:
       ``(7) facilitate the availability, development, and 
     environmentally responsible production of domestic resources 
     to meet national material or critical mineral needs;
       ``(8) avoid duplication of effort, prevent unnecessary 
     paperwork, and minimize delays in the administration of 
     applicable laws (including regulations) and the issuance of 
     permits and authorizations necessary to explore for, develop, 
     and produce critical minerals and to construct critical 
     mineral manufacturing facilities in accordance with 
     applicable environmental and land management laws;
       ``(9) strengthen--
       ``(A) educational and research capabilities at not lower 
     than the secondary school level; and
       ``(B) workforce training for exploration and development of 
     critical minerals and critical mineral manufacturing;
       ``(10) bolster international cooperation through technology 
     transfer, information sharing, and other means;
       ``(11) promote the efficient production, use, and recycling 
     of critical minerals;
       ``(12) develop alternatives to critical minerals; and
       ``(13) establish contingencies for the production of, or 
     access to, critical minerals for which viable sources do not 
     exist within the United States.''.
       (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 2(b) of the National 
     Materials and Minerals Policy, Research and Development Act 
     of 1980 (30 U.S.C. 1601(b)) is amended by striking ``(b) As 
     used in this Act, the term'' and inserting the following:
       ``(b) Definitions.--In this Act:
       ``(1) Critical mineral.--The term `critical mineral' means 
     any mineral, element, substance, or material designated as 
     critical by the Secretary under section __03 of the National 
     Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020.
       ``(2) Materials.--The term''.

     SEC. __03. CRITICAL MINERAL DESIGNATIONS.

       (a) Draft Methodology and List.--The Secretary, acting 
     through the Director of the United States Geological Survey 
     (referred to in this section as the ``Secretary''), shall 
     publish in the Federal Register for public comment--
       (1) a description of the draft methodology used to identify 
     a draft list of critical minerals;
       (2) a draft list of minerals, elements, substances, and 
     materials that qualify as critical minerals; and
       (3) a draft list of critical minerals recovered as 
     byproducts.
       (b) Availability of Data.--If available data is 
     insufficient to provide a quantitative basis for the 
     methodology developed under this section, qualitative 
     evidence may be used to the extent necessary.
       (c) Final Methodology and List.--After reviewing public 
     comments on the draft methodology and the draft list of 
     critical minerals published under subsection (a) and updating 
     the methodology and list as appropriate, not later than 45 
     days after the date on which the public comment period with 
     respect to the draft methodology and draft list closes, the 
     Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register--
       (1) a description of the final methodology for determining 
     which minerals, elements, substances, and materials qualify 
     as critical minerals; and
       (2) the final list of critical minerals.
       (d) Designations.--
       (1) In general.--For purposes of carrying out this section, 
     the Secretary shall maintain a list of minerals, elements, 
     substances, and materials designated as critical, pursuant to 
     the final methodology published under subsection (c), that 
     the Secretary determines--
       (A) are essential to the economic or national security of 
     the United States;
       (B) the supply chain of which is vulnerable to disruption 
     (including restrictions associated with foreign political 
     risk, abrupt demand growth, military conflict, violent 
     unrest, anti-competitive or protectionist behaviors, and 
     other risks throughout the supply chain); and
       (C) serve an essential function in the manufacturing of a 
     product (including energy technology-, defense-, currency-, 
     agriculture-, consumer electronics-, and health care-related 
     applications), the absence of which would have significant 
     consequences for the economic or national security of the 
     United States.
       (2) Inclusions.--Notwithstanding the criteria under 
     subsection (c), the Secretary may designate and include on 
     the list any mineral, element, substance, or material 
     determined by another Federal agency to be strategic and 
     critical to the defense or national security of the United 
     States.
       (3) Required consultation.--The Secretary shall consult 
     with the Secretaries of Defense, Commerce, Agriculture, and 
     Energy and the United States Trade Representative in 
     designating minerals, elements, substances, and materials as 
     critical under this subsection.
       (e) Subsequent Review.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
     Secretaries of Defense, Commerce, Agriculture, and Energy and 
     the United States Trade Representative, shall review the 
     methodology and list under subsection (c) and the 
     designations under subsection (d) at least every 3 years, or 
     more frequently as the Secretary considers to be appropriate.
       (2) Revisions.--Subject to subsection (d)(1), the Secretary 
     may--
       (A) revise the methodology described in this section;
       (B) determine that minerals, elements, substances, and 
     materials previously determined to be critical minerals are 
     no longer critical minerals; and
       (C) designate additional minerals, elements, substances, or 
     materials as critical minerals.
       (f) Notice.--On finalization of the methodology and the 
     list under subsection (c), or any revision to the methodology 
     or list under subsection (e), the Secretary shall submit to 
     Congress written notice of the action.

     SEC. __04. RESOURCE ASSESSMENT.

       (a) In General.--Not later than 4 years after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, in consultation with applicable State 
     (including geological surveys), local, academic, industry, 
     and other entities, the Secretary shall complete a 
     comprehensive national assessment of each critical mineral 
     that--
       (1) identifies and quantifies known critical mineral 
     resources, using all available public and private information 
     and datasets, including exploration histories; and
       (2) provides a quantitative and qualitative assessment of 
     undiscovered critical mineral resources throughout the United 
     States, including probability estimates of tonnage and grade, 
     using all available public and private information and 
     datasets, including exploration histories.
       (b) Supplementary Information.--In carrying out this 
     section, the Secretary may carry out surveys and field work 
     (including drilling, remote sensing, geophysical surveys, 
     topographical and geological mapping, and geochemical 
     sampling and analysis) to supplement existing information and 
     datasets available for determining the existence of critical 
     minerals in the United States.
       (c) Public Access.--Subject to applicable law, to the 
     maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall make all data 
     and metadata collected from the comprehensive national 
     assessment carried out under subsection (a) publically and 
     electronically accessible.
       (d) Technical Assistance.--At the request of the Governor 
     of a State or the head of an Indian tribe, the Secretary may 
     provide technical assistance to State governments and Indian 
     tribes conducting critical mineral resource assessments on 
     non-Federal land.
       (e) Prioritization.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary may sequence the completion 
     of resource assessments for each critical mineral such that 
     critical minerals considered to be most critical under the 
     methodology established under section __03 are completed 
     first.
       (2) Reporting.--During the period beginning not later than 
     1 year after the date of enactment of this Act and ending on 
     the date of completion of all of the assessments required 
     under this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress on 
     an annual basis an interim report that--
       (A) identifies the sequence and schedule for completion of 
     the assessments if the Secretary sequences the assessments; 
     or
       (B) describes the progress of the assessments if the 
     Secretary does not sequence the assessments.
       (f) Updates.--The Secretary may periodically update the 
     assessments conducted under this section based on--
       (1) the generation of new information or datasets by the 
     Federal Government; or
       (2) the receipt of new information or datasets from 
     critical mineral producers, State geological surveys, 
     academic institutions, trade associations, or other persons.
       (g) Additional Surveys.--The Secretary shall complete a 
     resource assessment for each additional mineral or element 
     subsequently designated as a critical mineral under section 
     __03(e)(2) not later than 2 years after the designation of 
     the mineral or element.
       (h) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress 
     a report describing the status of geological surveying of 
     Federal land for any mineral commodity--
       (1) for which the United States was dependent on a foreign 
     country for more than 25 percent of the United States supply, 
     as depicted in the report issued by the United States 
     Geological Survey entitled ``Mineral Commodity Summaries 
     2019''; but
       (2) that is not designated as a critical mineral under 
     section __03.

     SEC. __05. PERMITTING.

       (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
       (1) critical minerals are fundamental to the economy, 
     competitiveness, and security of the United States;
       (2) to the maximum extent practicable, the critical mineral 
     needs of the United States should be satisfied by minerals 
     responsibly produced and recycled in the United States; and
       (3) the Federal permitting process has been identified as 
     an impediment to mineral production and the mineral security 
     of the United States.

[[Page S3404]]

       (b) Performance Improvements.--To improve the quality and 
     timeliness of decisions, the Secretary (acting through the 
     Director of the Bureau of Land Management) and the Secretary 
     of Agriculture (acting through the Chief of the Forest 
     Service) (referred to in this section as the ``Secretaries'') 
     shall, to the maximum extent practicable, with respect to 
     critical mineral production on Federal land, complete Federal 
     permitting and review processes with maximum efficiency and 
     effectiveness, while supporting vital economic growth, by--
       (1) establishing and adhering to timelines and schedules 
     for the consideration of, and final decisions regarding, 
     applications, operating plans, leases, licenses, permits, and 
     other use authorizations for mineral-related activities on 
     Federal land;
       (2) establishing clear, quantifiable, and temporal 
     permitting performance goals and tracking progress against 
     those goals;
       (3) engaging in early collaboration among agencies, project 
     sponsors, and affected stakeholders--
       (A) to incorporate and address the interests of those 
     parties; and
       (B) to minimize delays;
       (4) ensuring transparency and accountability by using cost-
     effective information technology to collect and disseminate 
     information regarding individual projects and agency 
     performance;
       (5) engaging in early and active consultation with State, 
     local, and Indian tribal governments to avoid conflicts or 
     duplication of effort, resolve concerns, and allow for 
     concurrent, rather than sequential, reviews;
       (6) providing demonstrable improvements in the performance 
     of Federal permitting and review processes, including lower 
     costs and more timely decisions;
       (7) expanding and institutionalizing permitting and review 
     process improvements that have proven effective;
       (8) developing mechanisms to better communicate priorities 
     and resolve disputes among agencies at the national, 
     regional, State, and local levels; and
       (9) developing other practices, such as preapplication 
     procedures.
       (c) Review and Report.--Not later than 1 year after the 
     date of enactment of this Act, the Secretaries shall submit 
     to Congress a report that--
       (1) identifies additional measures (including regulatory 
     and legislative proposals, as appropriate) that would 
     increase the timeliness of permitting activities for the 
     exploration and development of domestic critical minerals;
       (2) identifies options (including cost recovery paid by 
     permit applicants) for ensuring adequate staffing and 
     training of Federal entities and personnel responsible for 
     the consideration of applications, operating plans, leases, 
     licenses, permits, and other use authorizations for critical 
     mineral-related activities on Federal land;
       (3) quantifies the amount of time typically required 
     (including range derived from minimum and maximum durations, 
     mean, median, variance, and other statistical measures or 
     representations) to complete each step (including those 
     aspects outside the control of the executive branch, such as 
     judicial review, applicant decisions, or State and local 
     government involvement) associated with the development and 
     processing of applications, operating plans, leases, 
     licenses, permits, and other use authorizations for critical 
     mineral-related activities on Federal land, which shall serve 
     as a baseline for the performance metric under subsection 
     (d); and
       (4) describes actions carried out pursuant to subsection 
     (b).
       (d) Performance Metric.--Not later than 90 days after the 
     date of submission of the report under subsection (c), the 
     Secretaries, after providing public notice and an opportunity 
     to comment, shall develop and publish a performance metric 
     for evaluating the progress made by the executive branch to 
     expedite the permitting of activities that will increase 
     exploration for, and development of, domestic critical 
     minerals, while maintaining environmental standards.
       (e) Annual Reports.--Beginning with the first budget 
     submission by the President under section 1105 of title 31, 
     United States Code, after publication of the performance 
     metric required under subsection (d), and annually 
     thereafter, the Secretaries shall submit to Congress a report 
     that--
       (1) summarizes the implementation of recommendations, 
     measures, and options identified in paragraphs (1) and (2) of 
     subsection (c);
       (2) using the performance metric under subsection (d), 
     describes progress made by the executive branch, as compared 
     to the baseline established pursuant to subsection (c)(3), on 
     expediting the permitting of activities that will increase 
     exploration for, and development of, domestic critical 
     minerals; and
       (3) compares the United States to other countries in terms 
     of permitting efficiency and any other criteria relevant to 
     the globally competitive critical minerals industry.
       (f) Individual Projects.--Using data from the Secretaries 
     generated under subsection (e), the Director of the Office of 
     Management and Budget shall prioritize inclusion of 
     individual critical mineral projects on the website operated 
     by the Office of Management and Budget in accordance with 
     section 1122 of title 31, United States Code.
       (g) Report of Small Business Administration.--Not later 
     than 1 year and 300 days after the date of enactment of this 
     Act, the Administrator of the Small Business Administration 
     shall submit to the applicable committees of Congress a 
     report that assesses the performance of Federal agencies with 
     respect to--
       (1) complying with chapter 6 of title 5, United States Code 
     (commonly known as the ``Regulatory Flexibility Act''), in 
     promulgating regulations applicable to the critical minerals 
     industry; and
       (2) performing an analysis of regulations applicable to the 
     critical minerals industry that may be outmoded, inefficient, 
     duplicative, or excessively burdensome.
       (h) Application.--Section 41001(6)(A) of the FAST Act (42 
     U.S.C. 4370m(6)(A)) is amended in the matter preceding clause 
     (i) by inserting ``(including critical mineral manufacturing 
     (as defined in section __01 of the National Defense 
     Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020))'' after 
     ``manufacturing''.

     SEC. __06. FEDERAL REGISTER PROCESS.

       (a) Departmental Review.--Absent any extraordinary 
     circumstance, and except as otherwise required by law, the 
     Secretary and the Secretary of Agriculture shall ensure that 
     each Federal Register notice described in subsection (b) 
     shall be--
       (1) subject to any required reviews within the Department 
     of the Interior or the Department of Agriculture; and
       (2) published in final form in the Federal Register not 
     later than 45 days after the date of initial preparation of 
     the notice.
       (b) Preparation.--The preparation of Federal Register 
     notices required by law associated with the issuance of a 
     critical mineral exploration or mine permit shall be 
     delegated to the organizational level within the agency 
     responsible for issuing the critical mineral exploration or 
     mine permit.
       (c) Transmission.--All Federal Register notices regarding 
     official document availability, announcements of meetings, or 
     notices of intent to undertake an action shall be originated 
     in, and transmitted to the Federal Register from, the office 
     in which, as applicable--
       (1) the documents or meetings are held; or
       (2) the activity is initiated.

     SEC. __07. RECYCLING, EFFICIENCY, AND ALTERNATIVES.

       (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in 
     this section as the ``Secretary'') shall conduct a program of 
     research and development--
       (1) to promote the efficient production, use, and recycling 
     of critical minerals throughout the supply chain; and
       (2) to develop alternatives to critical minerals that do 
     not occur in significant abundance in the United States.
       (b) Cooperation.--In carrying out the program, the 
     Secretary shall cooperate with appropriate--
       (1) Federal agencies and National Laboratories;
       (2) critical mineral producers;
       (3) critical mineral processors;
       (4) critical mineral manufacturers;
       (5) trade associations;
       (6) academic institutions;
       (7) small businesses; and
       (8) other relevant entities or individuals.
       (c) Activities.--Under the program, the Secretary shall 
     carry out activities that include the identification and 
     development of--
       (1) advanced critical mineral extraction, production, 
     separation, alloying, or processing technologies that 
     decrease the energy consumption, environmental impact, and 
     costs of those activities, including--
       (A) efficient water and wastewater management strategies;
       (B) technologies and management strategies to control the 
     environmental impacts of radionuclides in ore tailings;
       (C) technologies for separation and processing; and
       (D) technologies for increasing the recovery rates of 
     byproducts from host metal ores;
       (2) technologies or process improvements that minimize the 
     use, or lead to more efficient use, of critical minerals 
     across the full supply chain;
       (3) technologies, process improvements, or design 
     optimizations that facilitate the recycling of critical 
     minerals, and options for improving the rates of collection 
     of products and scrap containing critical minerals from post-
     consumer, industrial, or other waste streams;
       (4) commercial markets, advanced storage methods, energy 
     applications, and other beneficial uses of critical minerals 
     processing byproducts;
       (5) alternative minerals, metals, and materials, 
     particularly those available in abundance within the United 
     States and not subject to potential supply restrictions, that 
     lessen the need for critical minerals; and
       (6) alternative energy technologies or alternative designs 
     of existing energy technologies, particularly those that use 
     minerals that--
       (A) occur in abundance in the United States; and
       (B) are not subject to potential supply restrictions.
       (d) Reports.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary 
     shall submit to Congress a report summarizing the activities, 
     findings, and progress of the program.

     SEC. __08. ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING.

       (a) Capabilities.--In order to evaluate existing critical 
     mineral policies and inform future actions that may be taken 
     to avoid supply shortages, mitigate price volatility,

[[Page S3405]]

     and prepare for demand growth and other market shifts, the 
     Secretary, in consultation with the Energy Information 
     Administration, academic institutions, and others in order to 
     maximize the application of existing competencies related to 
     developing and maintaining computer-models and similar 
     analytical tools, shall conduct and publish the results of an 
     annual report that includes--
       (1) as part of the annually published Mineral Commodity 
     Summaries from the United States Geological Survey, a 
     comprehensive review of critical mineral production, 
     consumption, and recycling patterns, including--
       (A) the quantity of each critical mineral domestically 
     produced during the preceding year;
       (B) the quantity of each critical mineral domestically 
     consumed during the preceding year;
       (C) market price data or other price data for each critical 
     mineral;
       (D) an assessment of--
       (i) critical mineral requirements to meet the national 
     security, energy, economic, industrial, technological, and 
     other needs of the United States during the preceding year;
       (ii) the reliance of the United States on foreign sources 
     to meet those needs during the preceding year; and
       (iii) the implications of any supply shortages, 
     restrictions, or disruptions during the preceding year;
       (E) the quantity of each critical mineral domestically 
     recycled during the preceding year;
       (F) the market penetration during the preceding year of 
     alternatives to each critical mineral;
       (G) a discussion of international trends associated with 
     the discovery, production, consumption, use, costs of 
     production, prices, and recycling of each critical mineral as 
     well as the development of alternatives to critical minerals; 
     and
       (H) such other data, analyses, and evaluations as the 
     Secretary finds are necessary to achieve the purposes of this 
     section; and
       (2) a comprehensive forecast, entitled the ``Annual 
     Critical Minerals Outlook'', of projected critical mineral 
     production, consumption, and recycling patterns, including--
       (A) the quantity of each critical mineral projected to be 
     domestically produced over the subsequent 1-year, 5-year, and 
     10-year periods;
       (B) the quantity of each critical mineral projected to be 
     domestically consumed over the subsequent 1-year, 5-year, and 
     10-year periods;
       (C) an assessment of--
       (i) critical mineral requirements to meet projected 
     national security, energy, economic, industrial, 
     technological, and other needs of the United States;
       (ii) the projected reliance of the United States on foreign 
     sources to meet those needs; and
       (iii) the projected implications of potential supply 
     shortages, restrictions, or disruptions;
       (D) the quantity of each critical mineral projected to be 
     domestically recycled over the subsequent 1-year, 5-year, and 
     10-year periods;
       (E) the market penetration of alternatives to each critical 
     mineral projected to take place over the subsequent 1-year, 
     5-year, and 10-year periods;
       (F) a discussion of reasonably foreseeable international 
     trends associated with the discovery, production, 
     consumption, use, costs of production, and recycling of each 
     critical mineral as well as the development of alternatives 
     to critical minerals; and
       (G) such other projections relating to each critical 
     mineral as the Secretary determines to be necessary to 
     achieve the purposes of this section.
       (b) Proprietary Information.--In preparing a report 
     described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall ensure, 
     consistent with section 5(f) of the National Materials and 
     Minerals Policy, Research and Development Act of 1980 (30 
     U.S.C. 1604(f)), that--
       (1) no person uses the information and data collected for 
     the report for a purpose other than the development of or 
     reporting of aggregate data in a manner such that the 
     identity of the person or firm who supplied the information 
     is not discernible and is not material to the intended uses 
     of the information;
       (2) no person discloses any information or data collected 
     for the report unless the information or data has been 
     transformed into a statistical or aggregate form that does 
     not allow the identification of the person or firm who 
     supplied particular information; and
       (3) procedures are established to require the withholding 
     of any information or data collected for the report if the 
     Secretary determines that withholding is necessary to protect 
     proprietary information, including any trade secrets or other 
     confidential information.

     SEC. __09. EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE.

       (a) Workforce Assessment.--Not later than 1 year and 300 
     days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
     of Labor (in consultation with the Secretary, the Director of 
     the National Science Foundation, institutions of higher 
     education with substantial expertise in mining, institutions 
     of higher education with significant expertise in minerals 
     research, including fundamental research into alternatives, 
     and employers in the critical minerals sector) shall submit 
     to Congress an assessment of the domestic availability of 
     technically trained personnel necessary for critical mineral 
     exploration, development, assessment, production, 
     manufacturing, recycling, analysis, forecasting, education, 
     and research, including an analysis of--
       (1) skills that are in the shortest supply as of the date 
     of the assessment;
       (2) skills that are projected to be in short supply in the 
     future;
       (3) the demographics of the critical minerals industry and 
     how the demographics will evolve under the influence of 
     factors such as an aging workforce;
       (4) the effectiveness of training and education programs in 
     addressing skills shortages;
       (5) opportunities to hire locally for new and existing 
     critical mineral activities;
       (6) the sufficiency of personnel within relevant areas of 
     the Federal Government for achieving the policies described 
     in section 3 of the National Materials and Minerals Policy, 
     Research and Development Act of 1980 (30 U.S.C. 1602); and
       (7) the potential need for new training programs to have a 
     measurable effect on the supply of trained workers in the 
     critical minerals industry.
       (b) Curriculum Study.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary and the Secretary of Labor 
     shall jointly enter into an arrangement with the National 
     Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering 
     under which the Academies shall coordinate with the National 
     Science Foundation on conducting a study--
       (A) to design an interdisciplinary program on critical 
     minerals that will support the critical mineral supply chain 
     and improve the ability of the United States to increase 
     domestic, critical mineral exploration, development, 
     production, manufacturing, research, including fundamental 
     research into alternatives, and recycling;
       (B) to address undergraduate and graduate education, 
     especially to assist in the development of graduate level 
     programs of research and instruction that lead to advanced 
     degrees with an emphasis on the critical mineral supply chain 
     or other positions that will increase domestic, critical 
     mineral exploration, development, production, manufacturing, 
     research, including fundamental research into alternatives, 
     and recycling;
       (C) to develop guidelines for proposals from institutions 
     of higher education with substantial capabilities in the 
     required disciplines for activities to improve the critical 
     mineral supply chain and advance the capacity of the United 
     States to increase domestic, critical mineral exploration, 
     research, development, production, manufacturing, and 
     recycling; and
       (D) to outline criteria for evaluating performance and 
     recommendations for the amount of funding that will be 
     necessary to establish and carry out the program described in 
     subsection (c).
       (2) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress 
     a description of the results of the study required under 
     paragraph (1).
       (c) Program.--
       (1) Establishment.--The Secretary and the Secretary of 
     Labor shall jointly conduct a competitive grant program under 
     which institutions of higher education may apply for and 
     receive 4-year grants for--
       (A) startup costs for newly designated faculty positions in 
     integrated critical mineral education, research, innovation, 
     training, and workforce development programs consistent with 
     subsection (b);
       (B) internships, scholarships, and fellowships for students 
     enrolled in programs related to critical minerals;
       (C) equipment necessary for integrated critical mineral 
     innovation, training, and workforce development programs; and
       (D) research of critical minerals and their applications, 
     particularly concerning the manufacture of critical 
     components vital to national security.
       (2) Renewal.--A grant under this subsection shall be 
     renewable for up to 2 additional 3-year terms based on 
     performance criteria outlined under subsection (b)(1)(D).

     SEC. __10. NATIONAL GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL DATA 
                   PRESERVATION PROGRAM.

       Section 351(k) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
     15908(k)) is amended by striking ``$30,000,000 for each of 
     fiscal years 2006 through 2010'' and inserting ``$5,000,000 
     for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029, to remain 
     available until expended''.

     SEC. __11. ADMINISTRATION.

       (a) In General.--The National Critical Materials Act of 
     1984 (30 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) is repealed.
       (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 3(d) of the National 
     Superconductivity and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 
     5202(d)) is amended in the first sentence by striking ``, 
     with the assistance of the National Critical Materials 
     Council as specified in the National Critical Materials Act 
     of 1984 (30 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.),''.
       (c) Savings Clauses.--
       (1) In general.--Nothing in this part or an amendment made 
     by this part modifies any requirement or authority provided 
     by--
       (A) the matter under the heading ``geological survey'' of 
     the first section of the Act of March 3, 1879 (43 U.S.C. 
     31(a)); or
       (B) the first section of Public Law 87-626 (43 U.S.C. 
     31(b)).
       (2) Effect on department of defense.--Nothing in this part 
     or an amendment made

[[Page S3406]]

     by this part affects the authority of the Secretary of 
     Defense with respect to the work of the Department of Defense 
     on critical material supplies in furtherance of the national 
     defense mission of the Department of Defense.
       (3) Secretarial order not affected.--This part shall not 
     apply to any mineral described in Secretarial Order No. 3324, 
     issued by the Secretary of the Interior on December 3, 2012, 
     in any area to which the order applies.
       (d) Application of Certain Provisions.--
       (1) In general.--Sections __05 and __06 shall apply to--
       (A) an exploration project in which the presence of a 
     byproduct is reasonably expected, based on known mineral 
     companionality, geologic formation, mineralogy, or other 
     factors; and
       (B) a project that demonstrates that a byproduct will be 
     recovered in salable quantities, as determined by the 
     applicable Secretary in accordance with paragraph (2).
       (2) Requirement.--In making the determination under 
     paragraph (1)(B), the applicable Secretary shall consider the 
     cost effectiveness of the byproducts recovery.

     SEC. __12. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this 
     part $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029.

         PART II--RARE EARTH ELEMENT ADVANCED COAL TECHNOLOGIES

     SEC. __21. PROGRAM FOR EXTRACTION AND RECOVERY OF RARE EARTH 
                   ELEMENTS AND MINERALS FROM COAL AND COAL 
                   BYPRODUCTS.

       (a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy, acting through 
     the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy (referred to in 
     this part as the ``Secretary''), shall carry out a program 
     under which the Secretary shall develop advanced separation 
     technologies for the extraction and recovery of rare earth 
     elements and minerals from coal and coal byproducts.
       (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized 
     to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the program 
     described in subsection (a) $23,000,000 for each of fiscal 
     years 2020 through 2027.

     SEC. __22. REPORT.

       Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
     Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy 
     and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on 
     Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report 
     evaluating the development of advanced separation 
     technologies for the extraction and recovery of rare earth 
     elements and minerals from coal and coal byproducts, 
     including acid mine drainage from coal mines.
                                 ______