[Congressional Record Volume 165, Number 96 (Monday, June 10, 2019)]
[House]
[Pages H4383-H4385]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
PREVENTING CHILD MARRIAGE IN DISPLACED POPULATIONS ACT
Mr. ENGEL. Madam Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the
bill (H.R. 2140) to prevent child marriage in United Nations-
administered refugee settlements, and for other purposes, as amended.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The text of the bill is as follows:
H.R. 2140
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Preventing Child Marriage in
Displaced Populations Act''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) According to UNICEF, 12 million girls marry before the
age of 18 every year.
(2) Early marriage denies children, especially girls, their
right to make vital decisions about their well-being,
including relating to their health, family, and career. Child
brides are less likely to finish their education, and are at
higher risk for abuse, contracting HIV, and dying while
pregnant or giving birth.
(3) Child marriage also imposes substantial economic costs
to developing countries, impeding development and prosperity
gains.
(4) Displaced populations are particularly vulnerable to
child marriage, in communities where poverty, instability,
and displacement put pressure on families to marry children,
particularly young girls, off at a young age.
(5) One United Nations (UN) study found that child marriage
rates were four times higher among displaced Syrian refugees
than among Syrians before the crisis. This indicates that
displacement, instability, and poverty are driving child
marriages.
(6) United Nations agencies, including UNICEF and UNHCR,
have acknowledged the dangers of child marriage and taken
steps to address its risk in the populations they serve.
(7) The UN Joint Program on Child Marriage supports this
work by building the resilience of populations to indirectly
prevent child marriage and by generating new data and
evidence on the prevalence of child marriage in humanitarian
and fragile settings. For example, in Uganda, the UN Joint
Program on Child Marriage helped 27,000 adolescent girls
strengthen critical skills through school clubs and Go Back
to School campaigns, as well as life-skills and financial
literacy training.
(8) After the UN Joint Program on Child Marriage identified
Yemen as one of its focus countries, 65,000 people, of whom
45,000 are adolescents, were reached with awareness raising
activities on the harms of child marriage in 2018 alone. As a
result, local council representatives, elders, and community
leaders from six districts signed a pledge to support
advocacy efforts to end child marriage.
SEC. 3. PREVENTING CHILD MARRIAGE IN DISPLACED POPULATIONS.
(a) In General.--The President shall direct the United
States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to use
the voice, vote, and influence of the United States at the
United Nations to call for an adoption of an agreed-upon
definition of ``child marriage'' across United Nations
agencies.
(b) Strategy.--The President shall direct the United States
Permanent Representative to the United Nations to use the
voice, vote, and influence of the United States at the United
Nations to call for the development of a comprehensive
strategy to address child marriage in refugee settlements
administered by the United Nations. Such strategy should
include the following:
(1) A mandate to regularly collect and report data related
to the number of known or suspected child marriages taking
place inside each such settlement.
(2) Protocols for United Nations personnel regarding
prevention and monitoring of child marriages inside each such
settlement.
[[Page H4384]]
(3) A description of United Nations programs administered
at such settlements that include--
(A) physical, mental, and emotional rehabilitation and
support to children who have extricated themselves from child
marriage; and
(B) alternatives to child marriage, such as education
initiatives.
(4) Protocols regarding how United Nations personnel
should--
(A) report adults participating in illegal child marriages
in each such settlement; and
(B) monitor the prosecution of such adults by the
authorities of the country in which the settlement at issue
is located.
(c) Research.--The President shall direct the United States
Permanent Representative to the United Nations to use the
voice, vote, and influence of the United States at the United
Nations to advocate for the United Nations and its
appropriate agencies to include, as appropriate, in all of
its research into child marriage the relationship between
child marriage and violence against girls, including young
children and infants.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Child marriage.--The term ``child marriage'' means a
formal marriage or informal union involving at least one
person younger than age 18.
(2) Illegal child marriage.--The term ``illegal child
marriage'' means a child marriage that is illegal under the
laws of the country in which the child marriage occurs.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from New
York (Mr. Engel) and the gentlewoman from Missouri (Mrs. Wagner) each
will control 20 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from New York.
General Leave
Mr. ENGEL. Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members
have 5 legislative days in which to revise and extend their remarks and
include extraneous material on H.R. 2140, as amended.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the
gentleman from New York?
There was no objection.
Mr. ENGEL. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Madam Speaker, let me start by thanking the gentlewoman from Missouri
(Mrs. Wagner) for offering this bill and for shining a light on the
problem of illegal child marriage, particularly among vulnerable
refugee populations. I am grateful for Mrs. Wagner's leadership on an
issue that we should all support. It is really important to all get
around it.
Child marriage, Madam Speaker, deprives young people of their futures
and hinders the progress of development work all over the world.
UNICEF reports that 12 million girls marry before the age of 18 every
single year. What does that mean for these girls? It takes away their
right to make vital decisions about their well-being, about their
health, their family, their future.
Child brides are also less likely to finish their education and are
at higher risk for abuse, contracting HIV, and dying while pregnant or
giving birth.
Refugee populations are particularly vulnerable to child marriage.
Poverty, instability, and displacement pressure families into marrying
off children, particularly young girls, at an early age.
For example, child marriage among Syrian refugees in Jordan increased
from 15 percent in 2014 to 36 percent in 2018. One survey of Syrian
refugees in Lebanon found that nearly a quarter of girls between 15 and
17 were married.
In Bangladesh, Rohingya refugees fleeing violence in Burma have
reported marrying off young girls to protect them from sexual violence.
Stopping this cycle and ending illegal child marriage is critical to
supporting refugees and empowering youth for a better future.
A number of U.N. agencies are doing important work to address child
marriage among the populations they serve. For example, the U.N.'s
Joint Program on Child Marriage, a joint effort between UNICEF and
UNFPA, is gathering new data and evidence on this problem and helping
to build resilience in vulnerable populations, including refugees.
{time} 2000
But there is much more we can be doing, and this bill demonstrates
American support for tackling this problem. It would require us to flex
our muscles in the U.N. to come up with a comprehensive definition of
child marriage. It would also require a new strategy to ensure that
displaced populations have the protections and the tools to avoid
illegal child marriage.
We want to empower young people to have a better future, and this
bill will help us get at a problem that threatens far too many futures,
so I am pleased to support this measure.
Madam Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mrs. WAGNER. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may
consume.
Madam Speaker, I rise today to urge my colleagues to support H.R.
2140, the Preventing Child Marriage in Displaced Populations Act, and I
thank the chairman, along with the ranking member and all of my
colleagues, for supporting this piece of bipartisan legislation through
Foreign Affairs.
Humanitarian crises put women and girls at a much higher risk of
violence and exploitation, including child marriage. Nine of the ten
countries with the highest rates of child marriage are fragile states
where weak institutions, high rates of violence, and stagnant economies
make families more likely to resort to child marriage.
One United Nations study found that child marriage rates were four
times higher among displaced Syrian refugees than among Syrians before
the crisis. This indicates that displacement, instability, and poverty
are driving child marriages.
Important research conducted by UNICEF revealed that, in 2018, more
than 700 million women and girls, worldwide, were married before their
18th birthday; and of these, 250 million were married before their 15th
birthday. Madam Speaker, these women are more likely to experience
domestic violence and have worse educational, economic, and health
prospects than their unmarried peers.
United Nations agencies have acknowledged the dangers of child
marriage and taken steps to address it. The U.N. Joint Program on Child
Marriage builds the resilience of populations to indirectly prevent
child marriage and generates data and evidence on the prevalence of
child marriage in humanitarian and fragile settings.
In Uganda, the U.N. Joint Program on Child Marriage helped 27,000
adolescent girls strengthen critical skills through school clubs and Go
Back to School campaigns, as well as life skills and financial literacy
training.
Last year, after the U.N. Joint Program on Child Marriage identified
Yemen as one of its focus countries, 65,000 people, of whom 45,000 were
adolescents, were reached with awareness-raising activities on the
harms of child marriage. As a result, local council representatives,
elders, and community leaders from six districts signed a pledge to
support advocacy efforts to end child marriage.
My legislation would direct the United States to lead U.N. efforts to
adopt a definition of ``child marriage'' and craft a comprehensive
strategy to address child marriages in U.N.-administered refugee
settlements. This strategy would include protocols to prevent and
monitor child marriages; programs to provide physical, mental, and
emotional support for victims; programs offering alternatives for child
marriage; and measures to ensure that adults who are participating in
illegal child marriages are held accountable.
Child marriage is a violation of human rights and a form of violence
against women and children. I urge my colleagues to support the
Preventing Child Marriage in Displaced Populations Act.
Madam Speaker, in closing, I want to thank the chairman for working
with the ranking member, myself, and all of our colleagues on a
bipartisan basis to make sure that we are supporting women and girls in
these U.N. refugee camps. It is wonderful to be part of a committee
that works in such a strong, bipartisan fashion. I am grateful for
their support.
Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
Mr. ENGEL. Madam Speaker, first, I want to thank the author of this
bill for her kind words.
As she pointed out, child marriage is a problem that befalls far too
many young people around the world, especially among desperate families
who, because of poverty or instability, feel they have no choice but to
commit their children to marriage. Of course, when this happens, it
starts another cycle of poverty and instability, of abuse and illness.
It is just a tragedy.
[[Page H4385]]
This is one of those issues where we look at the situation and see a
moral obligation to act. Dealing with this problem in our foreign
policy is a reflection of our country's values, of our commitment to
the rights and dignity of all people. This bill will help make sure our
policy stays aligned with those values and that we are doing more to
end the scourge of child marriage.
I again thank Representative Wagner for her work on this measure. I
urge all Members to support it.
Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the motion offered by the
gentleman from New York (Mr. Engel) that the House suspend the rules
and pass the bill, H.R. 2140, as amended.
The question was taken; and (two-thirds being in the affirmative) the
rules were suspended and the bill, as amended, was passed.
The title of the bill was amended so as to read: ``A bill To prevent
child marriage in refugee settlements administered by the United
Nations, and for other purposes.''.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.
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