[Congressional Record Volume 165, Number 82 (Thursday, May 16, 2019)]
[Senate]
[Pages S2912-S2913]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
Russia
Mr. President, I rise today to address the continuously abusive
nature of the Russian Government in impeding on the human rights of its
people and the people across the globe. From interference in democratic
processes around the globe to its malign influence in Syria, to its
continued aggression against Ukraine, Mr. Putin's regime must be held
accountable for its crimes.
As we all know, Vladimir Putin has been openly and willfully
attacking democratic institutions and processes to corrode good
governance and our values. His tools are drawn from a Soviet-era
playbook but are constantly being updated with improvements. He is a
pusher--constantly pushing the limits of acceptable international
behavior and then going over the line. We cannot overlook the
phenomenon that is unfolding across the European continent, the wider
region, and now, yes, here in our Western Hemisphere.
Just a few weeks ago, Special Counsel Robert Mueller released to the
public a redacted version of his report on Russia's interference in our
2016 Presidential election, revealing another one of Mr. Putin's plots
to interfere with and tarnish the democratic process of a strong
nation. Special Counsel Mueller described the Russian effort as taking
place in a ``sweeping and systematic fashion,'' a premeditated attack
by the Kremlin.
Russia's aggression on the international stage continues to grow and
is deserving of global condemnation. The United States is just one of
many nations targeted by the Putin regime whose democracy was and is
systemically targeted and attacked.
It certainly was not the first nation to be targeted. Reflect back to
its illegal invasion of Ukraine and subsequent annexation of Crimea.
Look at Russia's role in the ongoing hostilities in Eastern Europe.
Consider Mr. Putin's role in Syria's civil war and support for dictator
Bashar al-Assad. He murdered hundreds of thousands of citizens and
assisted in the collapse the country's infrastructure. Russia has shown
us time and again its disdain for international laws and norms under
Mr. Putin's leadership.
After the trifecta of Russian interference in Ukraine, Syria, and our
democratic Presidential election here, I partnered with nine bipartisan
colleagues within the first week of the 115th Congress in January of
2017 to introduce the Countering Russian Hostilities Act. It is
comprehensive sanctions legislation on Russia in response to its cyber
intrusion, aggression, and destabilizing activities in the United
States, Ukraine, Syria, and worldwide.
Over time, we learned that Mr. Putin's increasing aggressive behavior
abroad is directly related to his need to maintain power at home.
In January of 2018, I released a Foreign Relations Committee
Democratic member report that documented Mr. Putin's pattern of
asymmetric warfare against democratic institutions, universal values,
and the rule of law in Russia and across Europe over the last 20 years.
The report details the tools the Russian Government has repeatedly
deployed and perfected, as well as its techniques to attack democracies
both internally and abroad.
Among many other takeaways, we learned that Mr. Putin will continue
to simultaneously step up his attacks on democracies around the world
while also acting to maintain power in Russia.
We have also learned that it is ultimately the Russian people who
bear the brunt of Mr. Putin's international decisions. We have an
obligation to support human rights around the globe, both as
individuals and as a nation. Part of that obligation is ensuring that
violators of international human rights are held accountable for their
actions and are not given the resources they need to continue their
nefarious actions.
In an effort to address these obligations, I was fortunate to work
closely with the late Senator from Arizona, John McCain, on the Sergei
Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012. As you may know,
Sergei Magnitsky was a Moscow-based lawyer who bravely uncovered deep-
rooted, high-level corruption in Russia over a decade ago. Like any
good lawyer, he reported his discoveries to the authorities. For doing
his job, he was arrested, jailed, tortured, and killed in prison. When
I learned about Sergei's life and work and the complete violation of
basic human rights and rampant impunity that met the perpetrators of
these crimes, I was shocked.
[[Page S2913]]
Originally, the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act
provides that anyone involved in Sergei's imprisonment, torture, or
death who has not been brought to justice in Russia would be denied
access to our financial system or the ability to travel to our country.
The bill also targets those who have abused their power in the country
to violate the human rights of anyone in Russia who disagrees with Mr.
Putin's corrupt regime.
Senator McCain and I wanted to send a signal to Mr. Putin and his
coconspirators that there will be consequences for their actions and
their inactions. The Sergei Magnitsky Act was, is, and will continue to
be an effective tool at doing just that.
Senator McCain and I agreed that the United States must lead the
world by using the power of our financial and legal institutions to
hold human rights abusers and corrupt individuals across the globe
accountable for their crimes. That is why we continued to work together
to author the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act, which
was signed into law in 2016. Senator McCain and I shared the critically
important belief that the value of American leadership in enforcing
human rights worldwide transcends party lines.
I might point out that following the U.S. example, other countries
have enacted similar laws to make sure we have a blanket protection
against those who commit these human rights violations.
In the past year, Global Magnitsky designations have targeted
individuals around the world responsible for acts of genocide,
violence, and significant corruption. My colleagues and I have called
for numerous sanctions under this act, and I am pleased that the
administration has acted, particularly issuing Executive order 13818,
which expanded Global Magnitsky authorities. Freezing the financial
assets of perpetrators and denying them visas to the United States
sends a clear message: We will not stand by while individuals are
stripped of their freedoms and their rights.
Unfortunately, while the Global Magnitsky legislation has proved
hugely successful, we continue to witness human rights violations
around the world and, more specifically, at the hands of Mr. Putin.
In recent reports, human rights groups have noted that the number of
political prisoners in Russia has risen at a rapid rate over the past
few years. Many of these groups are calling on the United States to
impose sanctions on more Russian officials to hold them accountable for
the inhumane treatment of over 250 reported political prisoners.
Unfortunately, this issue of Russian political prisoners has not been
the forefront of the U.S.-Russia discussions. That needs to change.
President Trump continues to treat Mr. Putin with the utmost respect,
despite the Russian President's holding almost 300 individuals hostage
as political prisoners in Russia.
Most recently, the President has scheduled another formal meeting
with Mr. Putin next month during the annual G20 Summit. Of course,
Secretary Pompeo just met with Mr. Putin on Tuesday. Human rights must
be on the agenda for such talks.
In 2016, a Russian human rights activist and a person who has
dissented from Mr. Putin, Vladimir Kara-Murza, testified before the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, expressing how the United States
could help Russian defenders.
He stated:
Our friends in the West often ask how they can be helpful
to the cause of human rights and democracy in Russia and the
answer to this is very simple. Please stay true to your
values. We are not asking for your support. It is our task to
fight for democracy and rule of law in our country. The only
thing we ask from Western leaders is that they stop
supporting Mr. Putin by treating him as a respectable and
worthy partner and by allowing Mr. Putin's cronies to use
Western countries as havens for their looted wealth.
That is exactly what the Magnitsky Act is all about--to deny that
legitimacy.
I ask that we take these words to heart. The threat that Russia poses
to our global community has never been more evident. But we must
remember the distinction between Mr. Putin's regime and the Russian
people. The Russian people are good, freedom-seeking people who want
economic security and stability for their families just as we do in the
United States. This is an important distinction for us to keep in our
minds and our hearts as we continue to pursue effective tools to
counter Mr. Putin's threats to the international order and the values
we hold so dear.
So as we work to shape U.S. policy and diplomatic strategies toward
Russia, I urge my colleagues to keep in mind the aspirations of the
Russian human rights defenders who risk their lives in order to
advocate for a Russia free of authoritarian and abusive leaders.
I yield the floor.
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
The senior assistant bill clerk proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. RUBIO. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Braun). Without objection, it is so
ordered.