[Congressional Record Volume 164, Number 94 (Thursday, June 7, 2018)]
[Senate]
[Pages S3281-S3289]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                          LEGISLATIVE SESSION

                                 ______
                                 

  NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2019--MOTION TO 
                                PROCEED

  Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate 
resume legislative session and resume consideration of the motion to 
proceed to H.R. 5515. I further ask that notwithstanding rule XXII, the 
Senate vote on the motion to invoke cloture on the motion to proceed to 
H.R. 5515 at 1:45 p.m. today.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The clerk will report the motion.
  The legislative clerk read as follows:

       Motion to proceed to Calendar No. 442, H.R. 5515, a bill to 
     authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2019 for military 
     activities of the Department of Defense, for military 
     construction, and for defense activities of the Department of 
     Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such 
     fiscal year, and for other purposes.

  Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.


      Honoring Nebraska's Soldiers Who Lost Their Lives in Combat

  Mrs. FISCHER. Mr. President, I rise to continue my tribute to 
Nebraska's heroes and the current generation of men and women who have 
given their lives while defending our freedom in Iraq and Afghanistan. 
Each of these Nebraskans has a powerful story of answering the call to 
serve.


                  Sergeant First Class Tricia Jameson

  Today I honor the life of Nebraska Army National Guard SFC Tricia 
Jameson.

[[Page S3282]]

  Tricia grew up in St. Paul, which is a small town in central 
Nebraska's farm country. She had a love for animals and wanted to 
pursue a career as a veterinarian. Tricia usually kept to herself and 
was not outspoken, but she displayed great determination when something 
was important to her.
  In elementary school, upon learning that she and other young girls 
could not play organized softball, she started a letter-writing 
campaign to change the rules. The community soon took notice and 
revised the policy to include girls her age. When her friend took his 
own life because he was picked on at school, Tricia again took up her 
pen and wrote a letter that was published in a local newspaper, whereby 
she condemned bullying and honored the life of her friend. She 
advocated for what is right and how others should be treated. In 
looking back, it seems obvious that her selfless spirit would, one day, 
lead her to serve her country.
  Tricia attended St. Paul High School, where she was a determined 
athlete. She participated in volleyball and set athletic records that 
still stand to this day. Her family then moved to Omaha. She spent her 
senior year at Millard South High School and graduated in 1989.
  Like many young people, Tricia saw the benefits of joining the 
National Guard as it could provide extra income and help her with her 
college tuition. She joined in 1994. It didn't take long before her 
grit and determination caught the eye of her superiors. They rewarded 
her with a promotion to become a full-time training instructor at Camp 
Ashland.
  As combat intensified in Afghanistan and Iraq, so too did the need to 
improve battlefield medical knowledge. Sergeant Jameson was assigned to 
improve the combat lifesaver course. The course teaches soldiers basic 
medical skills for application on the battlefield. With the same dogged 
determination that was evident throughout her life, Sergeant Jameson 
raised the program into a world-class operation. Hundreds of soldiers 
who learned from Tricia in that program would go on to save lives on 
battlefields across the world.
  In 2005 Nebraska's 313th Medical Company needed to replace two 
soldiers. So it reached back to Nebraska for volunteers, and when her 
country called for her service, Sergeant Jameson eagerly stepped 
forward. She quickly got her personal affairs in order and was sent to 
her deployment training. By June of 2005, she was in Iraq and on duty 
with the 313th Medical Company at Camp Speicher. Her impact was felt 
immediately as the camp was stretched thin to support combat operations 
in northern and western Iraq.
  Staff Sergeant Jameson's first mission on the road was a long one. 
She was the vehicle commander of an M997 ambulance that was headed to 
Trebil, near the Jordan border. Staff Sergeant Jameson and her battle 
buddy, SPC Rachelle Spors, had just left with a convoy when an urgent 
call came to help marines who had been injured in combat a few miles 
away. Without hesitation, Tricia was speeding toward the battlefield to 
attend the fallen when their field ambulance was struck by an IED. That 
day, Tricia gave her life while serving her country.
  The Nebraska Prairie Soldier newspaper wrote of Tricia's service: 
``Hundreds of family, friends, veterans group members, state 
governmental leaders and uniformed co-workers flooded into St. Bridget 
Catholic Church in Omaha, to help lay a fallen hero to rest.''
  Her name and reputation live on as soldiers save lives, just as she 
did, on the battlefield.
  For her service to our Nation, SFC Tricia Jameson earned many 
military decorations, including the Purple Heart and the Bronze Star, 
posthumously.
  Today I ask that we take a minute to remember Tricia and her selfless 
spirit.
  I wish to thank her family, her mother Pat, and her brother Rob, who 
share their own heroic burden. SFC Tricia Jameson loved her family. She 
embodied the pride of her State and the values of our Nation. I am 
honored to tell her story.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that we vote 
right now.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Without objection, it is so ordered.


                             Cloture Motion

  Pursuant to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the Senate the pending 
cloture motion, which the clerk will state.
  The legislative clerk read as follows:

                             Cloture Motion

       We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the 
     provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, 
     do hereby move to bring to a close debate on the motion to 
     proceed to Calendar No. 442, H.R. 5515, an act to authorize 
     appropriations for fiscal year 2019 for military activities 
     of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and 
     for defense activities at the Department of Energy, to 
     prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, 
     and for other purposes.
         Mitch McConnell, Todd Young, Mike Rounds, John Cornyn, 
           Johnny Isakson, Joni Ernst, John Hoeven, Thom Tillis, 
           James E. Risch, Tom Cotton, Dan Sullivan, Mike Crapo, 
           Roger F. Wicker, John Thune, John Barrasso, Deb 
           Fischer.

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unanimous consent, the mandatory quorum 
call has been waived.
  The question is, Is it the sense of the Senate that debate on the 
motion to proceed to H.R. 5515, an act to authorize appropriations for 
fiscal year 2019 for military activities of the Department of Defense, 
for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department 
of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal 
year, and for other purposes, shall be brought to a close?
  The yeas and nays are mandatory under the rule.
  The clerk will call the roll.
  The bill clerk called the roll.
  Mr. CORNYN. The following Senators are necessarily absent: the 
Senator from Arizona (Mr. McCain) and the Senator from Kansas (Mr. 
Moran).
  Further, if present and voting, the Senator from Arizona (Mr. McCain) 
would have voted ``yea''.
  Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the Senator from Delaware (Mr. Coons) and 
the Senator from Illinois (Ms. Duckworth) are necessarily absent.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Perdue). Are there any other Senators in 
the Chamber desiring to vote?
  The yeas and nays resulted--yeas 92, nays 4, as follows:

                      [Rollcall Vote No. 119 Leg.]

                                YEAS--92

     Alexander
     Baldwin
     Barrasso
     Bennet
     Blumenthal
     Blunt
     Booker
     Boozman
     Brown
     Burr
     Cantwell
     Capito
     Cardin
     Carper
     Casey
     Cassidy
     Collins
     Corker
     Cornyn
     Cortez Masto
     Cotton
     Crapo
     Cruz
     Daines
     Donnelly
     Durbin
     Enzi
     Ernst
     Feinstein
     Fischer
     Flake
     Gardner
     Gillibrand
     Graham
     Grassley
     Harris
     Hassan
     Hatch
     Heinrich
     Heitkamp
     Heller
     Hirono
     Hoeven
     Hyde-Smith
     Inhofe
     Isakson
     Johnson
     Jones
     Kaine
     Kennedy
     King
     Klobuchar
     Lankford
     Leahy
     Lee
     Manchin
     Markey
     McCaskill
     McConnell
     Menendez
     Murkowski
     Murphy
     Murray
     Nelson
     Perdue
     Peters
     Portman
     Reed
     Risch
     Roberts
     Rounds
     Rubio
     Sasse
     Schatz
     Schumer
     Scott
     Shaheen
     Shelby
     Smith
     Stabenow
     Sullivan
     Tester
     Thune
     Tillis
     Toomey
     Udall
     Van Hollen
     Warner
     Warren
     Whitehouse
     Wicker
     Young

                                NAYS--4

     Merkley
     Paul
     Sanders
     Wyden

                             NOT VOTING--4

     Coons
     Duckworth
     McCain
     Moran
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this vote, the yeas are 92, the nays are 4.
  Three-fifths of the Senators duly chosen and sworn having voted in 
the affirmative, the motion is agreed to.
  The Senator from Mississippi.


                    Recognizing Seersucker Thursday

  Mr. WICKER. Mr. President, I rise today to comment about the economy, 
but I want to observe that I am proudly wearing a seersucker suit 
today. I would mention to my colleagues that Senators have worn 
seersucker suits for decades, for literally centuries, on this Senate 
floor.

[[Page S3283]]

  This is officially Seersucker Thursday in the Senate--a tradition 
that was begun by my predecessor, the former majority leader, Senator 
Trent Lott of Mississippi, and has been carried on until today by the 
senior Senator from Louisiana, Mr. Cassidy. It is a time for those of 
us who choose to humble ourselves and call attention to ourselves at 
the same time to have a little fun in a bipartisan manner and to recall 
the days of old, before there was air conditioning and before we 
worried so much about how we looked.
  I thank Senator Cassidy for getting a bipartisan group together to 
have a little fun and remember the days of old, when a lot of folks 
wore seersucker suits.


             Accomplishments of the Republican-led Congress

  Mr. President, we ought to be smiling today because the economy is 
doing so well. The economy is strong and getting stronger. We have 1 
million more jobs in America than we had 6 months ago. Last month, we 
added a quarter of a million jobs in just 1 month. We have a 3.8-
percent unemployment rate--an excellent report, the lowest in 18 years. 
So I am glad to rise this afternoon and say a word or two on the 
occasion of the 500th day of the Trump administration and of a 
Republican Congress. We seem to be doing things right. I hope the 
American people are recognizing that.
  The May jobs report was full of good news. Beyond the 3.8-percent 
unemployment rate, which I have already mentioned, the number of long-
term unemployed--those out of work for 27 weeks or longer--has dropped. 
Wages are on the rise. These are markers of a strong, energized 
economy.
  Let me quote the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times. The Wall 
Street Journal recently ran an editorial entitled, ``The Rising Jobs 
Tide.'' It points out how much has changed for the better over the last 
year and a half. There are 3 million more full-time workers than we had 
when this administration began. More than 2.5 million jobs have been 
added. More than 2 million of these jobs are occupied by Americans 
between the ages of 25 and 34.
  The editorial concludes: ``In the last year business confidence has 
improved, investment is increasing and workers are reaping the 
benefits.''
  Those are American workers who are reaping the benefits, and I am 
pleased to rise this afternoon and agree with the Wall Street Journal.
  I also want to give a shout-out to the New York Times, which is 
something I haven't made a habit of doing on the Senate floor. The New 
York Times said that they have run out of words to describe how good 
this economy is. There is widespread acknowledgement of this, and I 
think it is a result of the things this Congress has been trying to do, 
the things this administration has been trying to do and succeeding in 
doing, putting policies in place that are designed to create jobs and 
make it easier on job creators, and they are having a powerful impact.
  I am proud of things we have done, like the historic tax cuts--lower 
taxes. This has meant that middle-class families have more money to 
live the lives they want to live. This has meant that job creators are 
not losing out to foreign competition. This has meant that we have 
ushered in bonuses for some 4 million Americans. Minimum wages are 
going up from company to company. Energy bills are lower.
  Speaking of energy, we are producing a lot more energy now, and I am 
proud to have been part of that. I am proud to have been part of the 
vote that allows us to explore energy in a very small part of Alaska 
called the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, something our distinguished 
colleague Senator Stevens stood for and worked for tirelessly when he 
was alive and when he was a Member of this body.
  Support for our troops and our veterans has increased. After years of 
defense sequestration--which Secretary Mattis said harmed our national 
security more than an enemy could have--we have ended that, and the 
military is finally getting the money it needs to be prepared. This 
means a modernized force. It means statutory recognition that we are 
going to get to a 355-ship fleet that can respond to complex challenges 
around the world.
  Just recently we passed the VA MISSION Act, which allows us to 
continue to improve options and healthcare choices for our veterans.
  We rolled back one of the major problems that existed with ObamaCare. 
We didn't get it all done, but we did roll back the individual 
mandate--the law that required free Americans to buy a product or pay a 
big tax whether they wanted to or not. We were able to do that as part 
of the tax cut legislation, and I am proud that we took this penalty 
off the backs of hard-working middle-class Americans.
  We rolled back a ton of regulations. We have used the Congressional 
Review Act and actually started doing that on January 20, 2017, the 
first day of the Trump administration. We passed 16 Congressional 
Review Act regulations and put them on the President's desk that first 
day to repeal harmful, burdensome, well-intended but job-killing 
regulations that had come forward in the last days of the Obama 
administration.
  We passed the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer 
Protection Act to provide relief for our small banks, for our community 
banks, so we are not treating them like some New York bank or some of 
the largest banks in the country. We freed up the small banks to have a 
little more ability to loan money to job creators, to small business 
people seeking to borrow funds and expand their workforce, to allow 
families to get a loan just a little bit easier with a little bit less 
regulation so that they can lead the kinds of lives they have wanted 
to.
  We passed legislation to fight opioid abuse. We are not through in 
that regard. We know we still have a problem. If it were easy, we would 
have solved it a long time ago, but we are tackling that, and we are 
accomplishing good things and getting good results.
  This is a great economy. The New York Times says so. The Wall Street 
Journal says so. I think Middle America says so when we are back at 
home going from county to county, having our town meetings and speaking 
to our constituents.
  We are determined to bear down this summer. We have canceled the 
August break, and I congratulate the leadership for doing that because 
we have a lot of things yet to do.
  We have a defense bill to pass. We are on it now, and we are going to 
be on it hopefully with amendments and meaningful improvements next 
week. Additionally, we are going to pass a farm bill. We are going to 
pass an FAA reauthorization. We are going to pass legislation 
strengthening our water infrastructure. For the first time in a long 
time, our goal--our fervent belief--is that we can get back to the 
practice of passing our spending bills in regular order and avoiding 
this last-minute, end-of-the-year omnibus process. Nobody on either 
side of the aisle likes that process, unless you are one of the one or 
two people in the room writing those bills, which the President has 
correctly denounced, and which the American people do not understand.

  So we are going to get back to regular order, take these bills one or 
two or three at a time and put them through the regular process like we 
are supposed to do.
  In addition to that, I hope we have an opportunity to continue 
confirming conservative judges at the rate we have been. Over one-
eighth of the circuit court of appeals is now comprised of new 
conservative judges, appointed by President Trump and confirmed by the 
Senate in the last year and a half.
  So I am proud of this 500-day process. I am proud of our 
accomplishments. I am proud to give this interim report and to say we 
need to resolve to keep it up and build on this great record that has 
given us the lowest unemployment rate in decades and the most Americans 
working ever in the history of our Republic.
  Thank you.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Louisiana.


                        National Seersucker Day

  Mr. CASSIDY. Mr. President, I rise to address two separate topics. 
Let me begin with National Seersucker Day.
  Senator Wicker started and I spoke a little bit earlier about 
celebrating National Seersucker Day. It is a bipartisan tradition to 
celebrate an American tradition that started in New Orleans. Anyone who 
has been in New Orleans in July and August can understand why you would 
like a lightweight summer suit.

[[Page S3284]]

  I was asked today by a reporter: Why would you continue the 
seersucker tradition?
  I was thinking, wait a second. Why wouldn't you wear a lightweight 
suit on a summer's day as opposed to a wool suit? It just makes such 
sense. But sometimes such sense is in short supply here in Washington, 
DC.
  On the other hand, it is something in which both parties, folks from 
all regions of our country, participate. It started in New Orleans when 
Joseph Haspel developed seersucker. It is a lightweight suit. It is, if 
you will, a lighthearted tradition, but it is one that celebrates an 
aspect of our country and how something in one part of our country can 
be adopted by folks elsewhere to the benefit of all.
  Once again, I say happy Seersucker Day to everyone, and if you wish 
to join my office in wearing seersucker every day throughout the 
summer, you can similarly be comfortable on a hot summer's day here in 
Washington, DC.


                               Healthcare

  Mr. President, let me now address something that is on the topmost of 
Americans' minds, and that is the high cost of healthcare. It is 
important for our country, for our States, and it is important for 
families sitting around their kitchen tables. We have to lower 
healthcare costs. We have to do something about the high price of 
medicine.
  Just some examples of the importance of this issue: Medicare 
actuaries just this week issued a report that the Medicare trust fund--
that trust fund which pays the benefits for the senior citizen on 
Medicare going to see her physician, going to the hospital. It pays the 
hospital. That trust fund will effectively be exhausted in 8 years. In 
8 years, the Medicare trust fund we have all been paying into will be 
exhausted. In part, that is related to the high cost of medicine, the 
high cost of drugs. We must do something about that.
  It is not just those on Medicare; it is also those in the individual 
market. In Louisiana, if you are 60 years old with a family and you are 
not getting a subsidy through ObamaCare and you want to go into the 
individual market, your policy, plus deductible and copay, can be up to 
$50,000 a year, after-tax dollars.
  Think about this: You are making $150,000, but your after-tax expense 
for your insurance, deductible, copay, pharmaceutical costs, et cetera, 
is about $50,000 before your insurance kicks in.
  The Washington Post thought I was exaggerating. They went down and 
interviewed somebody in Louisiana. They said: He is right--it really 
would cost you about $50,000.
  The high cost of healthcare and the high cost of drugs impact the 
Medicare trust fund. It impacts individuals. It also impacts States.
  If you look at State budget after State budget that is struggling to 
make ends meet, inevitably a major expense, which has grown over time, 
is Medicaid. States do all sorts of machinations in order to decrease 
their State's cost of maintaining their Medicaid Program, but despite 
all those little tricks they do--which, by the way, cost the Federal 
taxpayers more--still, Medicaid gobbles up more and more of a State's 
budget. Consequently, one of the reasons college tuition has risen so 
much--and along with it, the amount of money college students have to 
borrow to get through even State universities--is that the amount of 
State general fund dollars going for State university support has 
declined as Medicaid expenditures have risen.
  So whether it is Medicare, Medicaid, or the individual family, rising 
healthcare costs are significant.
  One more thing I should say about families. From 2007 to 2014, the 
amount middle-income families have had to spend on healthcare has risen 
by 25 percent even though the amount they have had to spend on other 
things has fallen. So we have to decrease the cost of drugs and the 
cost of healthcare.
  We did have a bill earlier this year that had been negotiated between 
Senator Alexander, Senator Murray, Senator Collins, and Senator 
Nelson--two Democrats, two Republicans--that would have lowered 
premiums for those in the individual market and done many other things. 
For example, there was a Federal reinsurance program that could have 
lowered premiums by as much as 40 percent, I am told, in terms of this 
year. If you are getting sticker shock--in a few months or right now--
as regards what your next insurance premiums are going to be, this 
would have lowered that increase dramatically. For those getting short-
term, limited-duration policies, it would have put guardrails on those 
policies to make sure they were good policies. It would have helped 
young people get back into an insurance market they had been priced out 
of. It would have given States flexibility on how to implement various 
programs--again, with the goal to lower insurance costs. It was a 
bipartisan bill.
  By the way, whenever I hear one of my Democratic colleagues stand up 
and say ``We have to do something about healthcare,'' I then ask ``Why 
did you object and oppose a bipartisan bill you helped negotiate that 
would have lowered premiums?'' You can see it. It is not me saying it; 
it is actually the Democratic Party that stood up and said, on the 
procedural motion to proceed--can we move to a vote on this bill?--that 
got up and said: No. No, we do not want this bill that will lower 
premiums for the American people.
  What I am saying is not opinion; it can be found on YouTube, on C-
SPAN. It was a bipartisan bill which they helped negotiate and which 
they subsequently objected to, preferring that the American people pay 
higher premiums, I suppose, so that they would have a campaign issue to 
talk about.
  So whenever one of my Democratic colleagues gets up and talks about 
the high cost of healthcare, it begs the question: Why did you oppose 
the bipartisan bill that would have lowered premiums this year? It is a 
question the American people should be asking.
  On the other hand--I am personally working on this--we just put out 
an 8-page white paper on what we as a nation can do to lower healthcare 
costs and to decrease the cost of medications. There are several things 
in there.
  One is to adopt the bipartisan legislation which we thought we had 
agreement on but which was subsequently opposed by those who had 
negotiated the bipartisan agreement on the Democratic side.
  Second is price transparency. Can you imagine this: If you go and get 
an x ray that your doctor orders or you go to buy medicine, you would 
actually know the price of that medicine or the price of that x ray 
before you go in, and if the price is too high, you would be able to 
comparatively shop and go someplace where it is less expensive. We do 
it for jeans. We do it for cell phones. We do it for cars. We should be 
able to do it for healthcare.
  By the way, you probably know I am a gastroenterologist, a physician. 
I spent 30 years in the healthcare system. This can happen, and it does 
happen. I am told by a GI friend of mine that in North Carolina, Blue 
Cross of North Carolina will publish the cost of a colonoscopy. He is a 
lower cost, higher quality provider, and he gets folks coming from as 
far as 50 miles away for their colonoscopy, to his facility, because 
folks look online and see that it is a lower cost and that the quality 
is great. It can work.
  One more thing on how this works. We ask that you ban gag clauses. 
Right now, some pharmacy benefit managers will tell a pharmacist that 
she or he cannot tell the patient that it is cheaper to pay cash for 
their prescription than to pay their insurance copay. The pharmacist 
could tell them, but the pharmacist is not allowed to because if the 
pharmacist tells them they would save money by paying cash instead of 
going through their insurance, the pharmacist would lose that contract 
with that pharmacy benefit manager. That is wrong. The patient should 
have the power. If the patient has the power, we lower drug costs, and 
we lower healthcare costs.
  We have many other ideas in this paper, and we invite people to go to 
the website Cassidy.senate.gov to see this. We would like feedback. We 
hope that eventually it will be bipartisan. In the meantime, we will 
continue to work, as will my Republican colleagues, on how we can lower 
costs on medicine, lower the cost of drugs, and make it easier for 
those families sitting around the kitchen tables to meet their bills.
  Mr. President, I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The senior assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.

[[Page S3285]]

  

  Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Cassidy). Without objection, it is so 
ordered.
  Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, earlier this year, the Commerce Department 
found the Chinese telecommunications giant ZTE guilty of persistently 
and willfully violating U.S. sanctions laws on North Korea and Iran. 
That is a pretty serious offense for a large company to commit. It 
found that the company then repeatedly lied about it and went to great 
lengths to cover it up.
  In response, as we should, across party lines, our government took 
action and put a series of strict export and transaction prohibitions 
on ZTE in mid-April of this year. We did what we should do. A large 
international company--it happened to be Chinese in this case--broke 
the law, broke a serious law on sanctions and then lied about what it 
did, so we took action.
  It is pretty galling to learn that early this morning, the Commerce 
Department announced yet another agreement with the Chinese 
telecommunications giant to enable it to interact with U.S. companies. 
They committed that kind of offense, then they lied about that kind of 
offense, and now we are saying: It is OK. You can come back into our 
country and do business with us.
  What gives here? We can't allow a Chinese company or a company 
anywhere--I mean, I am not picking on China in this case, but China is 
a country we have had difficulty with. It is habitually breaking 
international trade laws and seems to have as much trouble with the 
truth as some people in the White House have. Yet we have allowed this 
Chinese company to violate U.S. law time and again, to lie about it 
time and again and get away with it. By turning a blind eye to ZTE's 
blatant violations, the Trump administration is putting Chinese jobs 
ahead of American jobs, putting Chinese national interests over 
America's national security. Why in the world would we do that?
  ZTE is a Chinese company best known for making cheap smartphones, 
mostly sold in developing countries, although it also sells them here. 
That is important. It means a company that knowingly breaks U.S. laws 
could have control over information people have on their phones.
  It is bad enough that we send this message: OK, you broke the law. 
That is bad enough. Then you lied about it. You broke serious 
international law, sanctions laws that protect our national security in 
part and protect the world from these countries--countries such as 
North Korea and Iran, which are bad actors. You broke the law by 
helping them, breaking sanctions laws, and then you lied about it. That 
is bad enough. Now we are not only not penalizing them, we are giving 
them an advantage when these companies could have control over 
information people have on their phones.
  This company that cheated isn't a company that makes cars; this is a 
company that makes telecommunications equipment that can be used in an 
insidious sort of way against our own people. This could have real 
national security implications if that information is abused. As we 
have seen with recent revelations about Facebook giving Chinese telecom 
giants access to its data, private firms are not always careful with 
how they manage people's private lives and private data.
  The administration's new agreement with ZTE reportedly emerged from 
direct discussions between President Trump and the President of China. 
I can't even imagine what those discussions must have been. Think about 
what the President of China had to defend, what his country did, what 
his company did. Yet the President of the United States was willing to 
say: Oh, we will forgive it. We are not really worried. We love you. We 
love your country. We love this company--even though it is prioritizing 
Chinese jobs over American jobs, and it is prioritizing Chinese 
national security interests over America's national security interests.
  In a nutshell, America's national security must not be used as a 
bargaining chip in negotiations. I don't know if the President, talking 
to the President of China, said: OK, we will do this for you, and you 
did this for us. Whatever the ``you did this for us''--I don't know 
whether it means the President's business or the President personally 
or whether ``us'' means America's national interests, but I have not 
seen any of America's national interests that are getting favored in 
this whole transaction.
  Trading American sanctions enforcement to promote jobs in China is a 
bad deal for American workers and a very bad deal for the security of 
all Americans.
  Let's look at how we got here. Last year in March, ZTE agreed to a 
combined civil and criminal penalty and forfeiture of $1.2 billion 
after illegally shipping telecommunications equipment to Iran and North 
Korea, in direct violation of U.S. sanctions laws. They made false 
statements and obstructed justice.
  I am not a lawyer. I understand that this is serious stuff--shipping 
telecommunications equipment to Iran and North Korea, which are two 
really bad actors in the world, two countries that virtually everybody 
on this Senate floor has spoken out against at one time or another. It 
violated U.S. sanctions laws--laws that this Senate passed close to 
unanimously. They made false statements. They obstructed justice. Then 
the Commerce Department determined that ZTE then lied about its crimes. 
How does it get more serious than that?
  Commerce Secretary Ross said recently--the Commerce Secretary 
appointed by the President, Secretary Ross. I know him well. I like 
some of the things he has done, particularly in Cleveland. He said: 
``ZTE made false statements to the U.S. Government when they were 
originally caught and put on the Entity List, made false statements 
during the reprieve it was given, and made false statements again 
during its probation.''

  At least the company is consistent: They lie during this part of the 
process, and they lie during that part of the process, and then they 
lie during that part of the process. So we know that about this 
company's character.
  These false statements covered up the fact that ZTE paid full bonuses 
to employees who had engaged in illegal conduct, and failed to issue 
letters of reprimand.
  They break the law. They lie and lie. Then they give bonuses to the 
executives who lie. How much more can this company grind Americans' 
faces in the dirt as they lie, cheat, and steal, and then the American 
President, in a face-to-face meeting with China, says: It is OK. We 
don't mind. I speak for the American people. Do it again.
  It fundamentally says: If you grind Americans' faces in this muck 
after all that China has done and this company has done to America's 
national interests and then you say ``We are not going to punish you,'' 
it pretty much says you are free to do it again.
  Secretary Ross said:

       ZTE misled the Department of Commerce. Instead of 
     reprimanding ZTE staff and senior management, ZTE rewarded 
     them. This egregious behavior cannot be ignored.

  The President's Secretary of Commerce has said that we can't ignore 
it. He has said that they cheated, they broke the law, they lied, they 
lied again, and they lied again. They rewarded those lies and gave 
bonuses to those who lied. They never reprimanded them. That is what 
the President's Secretary of Commerce is saying. Then the President 
said: It is OK. It is OK. We don't mind. We will get something else for 
this.
  That is why this spring, after Ross's comments, the Department of 
Commerce issued a law enforcement decision imposing a broad denial of 
export privileges on ZTE for its repeated violations of U.S. sanctions 
and export control laws.
  These denial orders are law enforcement actions. Any changes to them 
should be decided independently. But that ain't happening here. The 
President is overruling a law enforcement decision--as he criticizes 
the FBI almost daily--made in the interests of America's national 
security, in part by people appointed to their offices by the President 
of the United States. He didn't just appoint the FBI Director; he 
didn't just select his Vice President; he appointed Mr. Wilbur Ross as 
his Secretary of Commerce. The Secretary of Commerce is saying, 
fundamentally: Mr. President, don't do this. This company needs to be 
punished.

[[Page S3286]]

  Again, the President overrules a law enforcement decision made in the 
interests of America's national security, all in order to save jobs. 
That is at least a reason, but the problem with that is that the jobs 
saved are in China. They are not in Mansfield, OH. They are not in 
Cleveland, OH. They are not in Shreveport, LA, the Presiding Officer's 
home State. They are not in Toledo, OH. Think about that. The 
administration looks the other way for a company that broke the law, 
that threatened national security, and is doing it to protect jobs in 
Communist China, in the People's Republic of China. It defies all odds.
  Can you imagine China saying: You know, I think we are going to hurt 
our national security so we can put some more jobs in Akron, OH. We are 
going to compromise our workers' interests so we can put more jobs in 
Zanesville, OH. It is OK that China is going to get a little hurt so we 
can get some more jobs in Chillicothe, OH.
  I don't think they think that way. They do everything in their power. 
They steal our technology. They undermine our industries. They put our 
companies out of business. And then we do this. The only person I know 
who wants to do this is the President of the United States. The 
Secretary of Commerce doesn't like this decision. I am sure the FBI 
doesn't like this decision. I have yet to meet a Republican or 
Democratic Senator who says: Attaboy, Mr. President. Undermine our 
national interests. Protect Chinese jobs over jobs in Harrisburg or 
jobs in Ann Arbor or jobs in Madison, WI, or jobs in Atlanta, GA.
  America's policies toward China--it might be an interesting idea to 
put Americans first, that our policies toward China should put our 
country first. That is what China does in reverse. That is why Congress 
needs to push back on this decision by the President and address it 
directly as soon as possible. The National Defense Authorization Act 
offers a chance to do that.
  Senator Van Hollen inserted language into the CFIUS bill which 
received overwhelming support from both parties when we marked it up in 
the Banking Committee 2 weeks ago. That legislation is now in this 
Defense bill. With the settlement agreement announced by Commerce, that 
legislation will require some change, some tweaking, to make sure that 
it covers what the administration has already done and at the same time 
prevents the President from moving forward with this agreement. Senator 
Cotton, a conservative Republican; Senator Van Hollen, a progressive 
Democrat; Senator Crapo, a Republican and the chairman of the Banking 
Committee; and I, a Democrat and the ranking member of the Banking 
Committee, pressed for an amendment that would do that.

  This bipartisan amendment would send a clear signal to the White 
House and, more importantly, would send a clear signal to the world 
that we don't agree with that behavior. It would send a clear signal 
that Congress disapproves of this most recent agreement.
  It is inexplicable. Unless the President has some personal reason for 
doing this--unless it makes the President's business more profitable, 
unless it puts money in the pocket of his family or himself--and I am 
not accusing him because I just don't know--I can't figure out what all 
of this means. Why would you side with Chinese workers over American 
workers? Why would you side with Chinese national security over our 
domestic security?
  I can't figure out why you would unroll, unspool, a decision by your 
own Cabinet member to punish this company for breaking the law once, 
twice, three times with Iran and North Korea, for lying about it once, 
twice, three times, and for giving rewards to those company officials 
who broke the law and then lied about it. I can't think of any other 
explanation as to why a President of the United States would possibly 
make a decision like that unless it was in his own, personal financial 
interest.
  This bipartisan amendment would send a clear signal that Congress 
disapproves of that, so I urge my colleagues to support the Van Hollen-
Cotton amendment.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.


                        Tribute to Ed Schoenfeld

  Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, it is Thursday, and that means it is the 
afternoon when I get to talk about someone in my State who is doing a 
great job for the State, and oftentimes for the country--someone who is 
really making a difference. As the Presiding Officer and the pages 
know, I like to refer to this person as the ``Alaskan of the Week.'' It 
is one of my favorite parts of the week in the Senate, being able to 
talk about someone who has made a real difference.
  When I give this speech every week, I like to talk about what is 
going on in Alaska. It is a beautiful State. It is the biggest State--
we all know that--in the country. The State is fully in bloom. Its 
tourists are flocking north by the tens of thousands to view the 
wildlife, glaciers, mountains, to eat our delicious seafood, take in 
amazing views through hikes, and have an adventure.
  I want to make sure that everyone who is watching in the Galleries or 
on TV on C-SPAN--you have to come to Alaska. You will have the trip of 
a lifetime, guaranteed. Come on up.
  What is truly impressive about my State is the people who live there 
and the sense of community we have there. Alaska isn't always the 
easiest place to live. It is far from the lower 48 States. The weather 
can be extreme, but, as a result, the people in the communities bond, 
and they work together, particularly in some of our most remote 
communities. We are one big community in Alaska, even though our State 
is so big.
  Every community in Alaska and America needs to be able to share 
reliable, credible information. On that topic, there has been quite a 
lot of negative attention paid to the national media, in particular, 
these past few years. Some of it is merited; nobody is perfect, right? 
But the vital role of local journalism and how that plays in different 
communities across our country haven't been talked about nearly enough. 
We all know this, and in many ways we all benefit from the thousands of 
local reporters who are working in our country, day in and day out, 
reporting great factfinding stories and working hard. I believe we 
should all be saluting them for doing this important work, and that is 
what we are doing here today.
  I would like to introduce Ed Schoenfeld, a reporter in Alaska who is 
our Alaskan of the Week and who has been reliably reporting the news 
from Southeast Alaska for 37 years. He recently took a well-earned 
retirement. Well done, Ed. You are our Alaskan of the Week.
  Let me talk a little bit about him. He hitchhiked to Fairbanks when 
he was 20 years old for a little trip, and as so many do, he promised 
himself that when he had the opportunity, he would go back to Alaska. 
That opportunity came in 1979 when the program director position opened 
up in the public broadcasting station KTOO in Juneau, AK.
  Now, Alaska public radio was and still is, in many ways, renowned 
across the country for its local reporting and for its crucial link to 
rural communities who need that reporting throughout our State--and 
need it badly. Interestingly, I think, because of the challenges it 
presents to reporters, some of National Public Radio's most famous 
reporters nationally--NPR's most famous reporters--have all cut their 
teeth in Alaska. So some of the people listening probably heard of 
Peter Kenyon, Corey Flintoff, Elizabeth Arnold. These are kind of the 
big dogs at NPR right now. Well, they all got their start in Alaska.
  So public radio is where Alaskans throughout my State get their news 
about the weather, about whale hunts, about bear attacks, about births, 
deaths, crimes, baptism, good works, bad deeds, and you name it; that 
is where we get our information. In smaller communities, this 
information could be critical. Because public radio stations across 
Alaska work cooperatively, they always pretty much keep it local.
  So, from KTOO, Ed went to the newsroom of the Juneau Empire, where he

[[Page S3287]]

stayed for 18 years. That is the big paper in Juneau. For the last 15 
years, he has been one of the voices of Southeast Alaska on 
CoastAlaska, a public broadcasting consortium of five local 
communities. His nickname is ``dean of the Douglas press corps.'' Now, 
this is a bit of a joke, not toward him but just what ``Douglas'' 
means. Douglas is an island of about 3,000 people.
  As the Juneau Empire put it, Ed has earned the professorial status of 
the dean of the press corps. That status came about because of the 
dozens and dozens of reporters he has trained and mentored throughout 
the years, and that is a great legacy.
  Of course, he also takes his work very seriously. He has done plenty 
of lighthearted features about equestrians in Wrangell, exploring caves 
in the Tongass National Forest, which is the largest national forest in 
the country.
  There are also deeper dives, as you would expect from a serious 
journalist. He has won an investigative journalism award about 
allegations of corruption related to a State contract. He has covered 
our important businesses extensively. There is nobody who has done more 
digging into an issue that I and my fellow Alaskans care deeply about--
particularly in Southeast--and that is what we call the transboundary 
mining issue--mining waste that comes from mines in Canada into 
Alaska's waters. Ed has focused on that more than any other reporter, 
and it is an issue that, as I mentioned, many of us take very 
seriously. Transboundary mining is complex. Ed has traveled both in 
Canada and Alaska to the communities that are impacted by this 
pollution. He has spoken to everyone--community leaders, fishermen, 
government officials, environmentalists, mining companies, tourism 
businesses--and what he ultimately came to on this subject is that our 
concerns about this pollution are legitimate, but unlike some are 
saying, not all mines are bad--certainly not in Alaska. We have a 
number of mines, and certainly some are trying to do the right thing. 
It is more complicated than what the critics often say, says Ed. That 
is the way it is on most stories, and that is why we need good 
reporters.
  So many issues are complicated. We can get so frustrated with the 
kind of simplistic ``he said, she said'' reporting that gets in the 
papers or on TV today, but good reporters, as we all know, dig much 
deeper. They cut through the propaganda. They lay out all the facts and 
facets of an issue and, in many ways, they let us decide. They 
recognize the people who are listening are intelligent, and they try 
and help us figure out the importance of some of these big issues. 
These are the kind of reporters we need in every community. These are 
the kind of reporters who I think are critical for our democracy.
  So now Ed will spend more time with his wife--also a former 
reporter--Betsy and his two daughters, Elizabeth and Maggie. I am sorry 
to see him, as I am sure most Alaskans are, hang up his dean's robe. I 
know his colleagues are sad, but there will be others who follow in his 
footsteps, others he has mentored--young, eager reporters who want to 
inform their community, reliably report the news and facts, and of 
course there is no better place to do that than in Alaska.
  So, Ed, thanks for all of your 37 years of hard work for our great 
State, and congratulations on being our Alaskan of the Week. Your voice 
will be missed.
  Mr. President, as you know right now, we are debating on the Senate 
floor the National Defense Authorization Act, and I want to 
congratulate Senator Inhofe, my good friend from Oklahoma and the 
acting chairman of the Armed Services Committee. I also certainly want 
to congratulate Senator McCain, whom we are all praying for, who is 
struggling with some health issues right now, who is the chairman of 
the Armed Services Committee, and Senator Jack Reed of Rhode Island, 
the ranking member on the Armed Services Committee, for the great work 
they have done shepherding this very important piece of legislation 
through the committee process. Now we have it on the floor, and we are 
debating it. It is certainly one of the most important pieces of 
legislation we bring to the Senate floor every year.
  It is over 50 years, without missing 1 year, we have moved the NDAA 
bill, which authorizes funding and policies for the men and women in 
our military, through the Senate floor. So there are a bunch of things 
in this bill that are very important for our troops, for the national 
defense of our Nation. By the way, it is a very bipartisan bill, just 
like it was last year. So we are going to be discussing this for the 
next week, and hopefully people watching back home or here in 
Washington will get a sense of just how important this legislation is.
  What I want to do this afternoon is talk about two provisions my team 
and I authored in this bill. They are two provisions that are very 
important, as the President of the United States and his team head to 
Singapore for the summit that the world is watching with the dictator 
of North Korea, Kim Jong Un. I wanted to highlight two key sections 
because what they are meant to do is strengthen the President's hand 
and the leverage of the United States as the leaders of our country 
move into these negotiations with a very unpredictable dictator whom, 
in my view, we can't trust at all. Nevertheless, what we are trying to 
do is bolster the President's hand in these negotiations, and we are 
all cautiously optimistic that something positive can come out of this 
summit.
  So what are these two provisions? The first provision deals with 
strengthening America's missile defense, and the second one focuses on 
the status of U.S. military forces on the Korean Peninsula. What I 
would like to do first is talk about the missile defense provisions in 
the NDAA this year.
  Now, as this chart shows, Kim Jong Un has dramatically increased 
testing for North Korea's missile program and nuclear program. If you 
look at what happened under his grandfather Kim Il Sung and his father 
Kim Jong Il, the current leader of North Korea has dramatically 
increased both the testing on intercontinental ballistic missiles, 
nuclear missiles, and nuclear weapons.
  Fortunately--and I think the American people want this--we have seen 
this threat coming. A number of us have seen this threat coming. So 
that is why, in last year's national defense authorization, we had a 
bill--my office authored it, but we had many cosponsors, both Democrats 
and Republicans--to significantly enhance our Nation's missile defense. 
That passed in the NDAA. It was fully funded by the end of the year--
almost $5 billion to increase missile defense for our Nation.
  What it did is it increased capacity, building new fields of missiles 
that can shoot down any incoming missiles. It increased capability, 
which would mean accelerating technology for multiple warheads on top 
of each missile to again increase our ability to shoot down any 
incoming missile, and it required more testing by the Missile Defense 
Agency so we can perfect the regional and homeland missile defenses we 
have in the United States. That is big progress. It is already 
happening, and of course that is really important, given the threat we 
now face as a country.
  As Alaska's Senator, I am proud of the fact that a lot--actually 
most--of our Nation's missile defense is located in the great State of 
Alaska. This is simply physics. This is physics and location, location, 
location. If there is going to be a threat from either Iran or North 
Korea or anywhere else with regard to the United States of America, 
that threat is almost always going to fly over Alaska.
  We have our radar systems there. We have long-range discrimination 
radar there. We have the missile fields protecting every city from New 
York to L.A., to Miami, all based in the great State of Alaska.
  So what are we doing this year? Well, we have an entire new section 
in the NDAA that builds on what we did last year to dramatically 
increase our Nation's missile defense even more because you can never 
be too sure on this. This is an insurance policy that is going to 
protect every city in America.
  So this year, in the current NDAA we are debating right now, the big 
issues with regard to missile defense are that this bill calls for the 
development and deployment of space-based sensors. It mandates these 
within the next couple of years--critical. It also promotes a more 
integrated missile defense, accelerates our defenses against what are 
called hypersonic threats--not ballistic missiles but hypersonic 
threats. Importantly, in terms of missile defense, this bill focuses on 
our allies, working together with our allies in Korea, in

[[Page S3288]]

Japan, and other places in Europe to share these missile defense 
capabilities so we, as our allies, have a much more robust system.
  Let me talk briefly on the very important issue of space-based 
sensors. Every expert who has testified in front of the Armed Services 
Committee, whether the current Director of the Missile Defense Agency, 
General Greaves; whether the four-star general in charge of strategic 
command, General Hyten; or whether the former Director of the Missile 
Defense Agency, Admiral Syring, they have all said space-based sensors 
are critical. The time is now.
  What does that mean? What does that do? Well, we have different 
systems in different parts of the country or different parts of the 
world. In South Korea, we have the THAAD system. Off the coast of Japan 
with our Navy, we have the Aegis system ashore and on our Navy ships. 
Then, back home, we have the home-based system, and that is mostly 
based in Alaska.
  What a space-based sensor program does is it integrates all these 
systems and has the ability to track--what the military calls an 
unblinking eye--the ability to track a missile that is shot at our 
country or shot at our troops from the moment it is shot until the end. 
We don't have that yet, but we need it to integrate these different 
systems. Importantly, that is what the NDAA we are debating this year 
will do to further bolster our Nation's missile defense.
  Why do we need that? There has been a lot of recent good will with 
regard to Kim Jong Un. I want to read a quote by him from this past 
January. It is a New Year's Day quote. He said:

       The whole of [the U.S.] mainland is within the range of our 
     nuclear strike and the nuclear button is on my office desk 
     all the time; the United States needs to be clearly aware 
     that this is not merely a threat but a reality. . . . This 
     year we should focus on mass producing nuclear warheads and 
     ballistic missiles for operational deployment.

  That is from Kim Jong Un just a couple of months ago. So let's not be 
taken by this dictator too much as he meets with the President. For 
decades, he and his dad and his grandfather have been threatening the 
United States and our troops on the peninsula and our allies in Korea 
and Japan.
  With this state-of-the-art technology, this missile defense system, 
we are giving the President additional leverage in his negotiations. 
Indeed, people are asking: Why did Kim Jong Un come to the table? He 
has been very belligerent. He is saying things like he said on his New 
Year's Day address. It is really three things: the maximum pressure 
campaign; the diplomatic campaign by the President, by the 
administration, by this Congress--we have passed very aggressive 
legislation on sanctions; and it has been the development by Secretary 
Mattis of credible military options in the event diplomacy doesn't 
work.
  The Koreans know we are serious. That is ongoing. And with the 
Secretary of Defense--a former four-star Marine general, Secretary 
Mattis--I don't think anyone thinks he is bluffing. So that is putting 
pressure on the North Koreans, and it is this system--this system. The 
North Koreans know we are now developing technology, so if Kim Jong Un 
does want to go out in a flame of glory and tries to fire one or two or 
three intercontinental ballistic missiles at New York or Chicago or 
L.A., the system we have here, which we are further bolstering, will 
shoot it down. This is going to give the President more leverage.
  We are confident that section 1249 of the NDAA will increase the 
President's leverage. It involves the critical issue of our U.S. 
military forces on the Korean Peninsula. This section expresses the 
will of the Senate by highlighting some key points as they relate to 
our military on the Korean Peninsula and the history of that military.
  What is in this section? It talks about how the United States and 
South Korea have been allies for decades and how our military forces on 
the Korean Peninsula, working closely in conjunction with the South 
Korean military and our alliance, have been the linchpin of peace and 
security, not just on the Korean Peninsula but in the entire Indo-
Pacific region.
  This provision of the NDAA focuses on how South Korea has contributed 
heavily not only to its own defense but also to what our military 
forces are doing on the Korean Peninsula. It emphasizes that U.S. 
military forces, pursuant to international law since the outbreak of 
the Korean war in 1950, have been lawfully deployed on the Korean 
Peninsula. Yet the nuclear and ballistic missile programs of North 
Korea are in clear and consistent violation of U.N. Security Council 
resolutions and international law. Importantly, this provision focuses 
on the fact that China, Russia, and North Korea have had as their long-
term strategic goals the removal of U.S. military forces on the Korean 
Peninsula. That is what they want.
  Indeed, there are reports in the media and other places that 
President Xi Jinping of China may be trying to coach Kim Jong Un, 
saying: When you go to these negotiations with President Trump, one 
thing to shoot for is to get rid of those American forces on the Korean 
Peninsula. Make that one of your goals.
  This provision ends by saying it is the bipartisan sense of the 
Senate that the significant removal of U.S. military forces from the 
Korean Peninsula is a nonnegotiable item with Kim Jong Un for his 
nukes. We are not going to trade lawfully deployed U.S. military forces 
on the Peninsula for illegal nukes that the North Koreans have 
developed.
  What are we trying to do here? First of all, this is a point that 
Secretary Mattis has been emphasizing. As a matter of fact, last week I 
led a CODEL of Senators to a defense ministers' conference in 
Singapore. This is the biggest military conference of defense 
ministers, foreign ministers, in the entire Asia-Pacific region.
  Secretary Mattis and his team, the Secretary of the Navy, and the 
admiral in charge of the Indo-Pacific were all there. We met with them 
and strategized with them. Secretary Mattis gave a great speech on U.S. 
strategy in the Indo-Pacific, as we are now calling it. He was asked 
about this very topic. He said this is not an issue that is on the 
table with Kim Jong Un, nor should it be. The issue of possibly 
removing U.S. military forces is not even a subject of negotiation.
  You see here in this picture U.S. marines and ROK marines training 
together. We are not going to talk about the issue of moving our 
legally deployed forces on the Peninsula in exchange for illegally 
developed nukes and intercontinental ballistic missiles. This is what 
Secretary Mattis said last week in front of all the defense ministers 
of Asia.
  What we are trying to do with this provision in the NDAA is 
strengthen the leverage of the administration and show Kim Jong Un--and 
let's face it, Russia and China, which also want these forces gone--
that the Congress of the United States and the executive branch, the 
Trump administration, speak with one voice on this issue. What this 
provision in the NDAA says is exactly what Secretary Mattis said last 
week. So we are speaking with one voice on this very important issue 
that is likely going to come up in Singapore when the President is 
there.
  Again, we know some of our adversaries in the region want these 
forces gone. I don't think that makes strategic sense. Fortunately, 
neither does a very strong, bipartisan group of Senators. When this 
bill passes the Senate, we are going to have the entire Senate speaking 
with one voice on this.
  I had the opportunity to talk to Secretary Mattis, Secretary Pompeo, 
Ambassador Bolton, who is the National Security Advisor, and the 
President about this provision in the NDAA and how it is the Senate's 
intent to give them more leverage in the upcoming negotiations with 
North Korea. I think they are all appreciative of what we are trying to 
do in the Senate with this important section in the National Defense 
Authorization Act.
  Let me conclude by making a bit of a historical point, but it is 
actually quite an important point, as we talk about this topic. The 
Senate has actually played a critical role on this very issue 
previously. Some might recall that President Jimmy Carter, when he was 
elected, actually ran on this topic. One of the campaign promises he 
made, remarkably--I think it was strategically very misguided--was to 
run on this issue: When I get elected, I am going to remove U.S. 
military forces out of South Korea. That is what Jimmy Carter 
campaigned on.

[[Page S3289]]

  When he got in, he started to look at ways to implement that. Then 
the Senate reacted. You have long-term strategic interests represented 
by this body, and a very famous Senator of the President's own party--
Jimmy Carter was a Democrat, and Senator Scoop Jackson of Washington 
State was a well-known Senator and well-known foreign policy national 
security expert. He led a delegation of Senators to South Korea. They 
looked at this issue in detail after President Carter was elected. They 
came back to Washington after this trip, and they said: It is not a 
good idea to remove our forces, which have kept the peace on the Korean 
Peninsula since 1953. We don't think this is a good idea.
  The story goes that Scoop Jackson actually went to the White House, 
talked to President Carter, and said: The Senate is going to oppose 
this. You are going to have a hard time removing these troops.
  So we have a role to play here; we have had a role to play here; and 
we have played this role.
  I want to end with one final anecdote from that trip. The Senate Navy 
liaison officer who helped lead that delegation of Senators in the late 
1970s to South Korea was a Navy captain by the name of John McCain. 
Yes, that is right; the John McCain whom I mentioned we are all praying 
for, and by the way, we named this bill after him. This is the John S. 
McCain National Defense Authorization Act. The current chairman of the 
Armed Services Committee who wrote this bill was on that trip as a 
captain in the U.S. Navy. I think that historical fact makes this 
provision in the current bill we are debating now, the John S. McCain 
National Defense Authorization Act, even more powerful.
  I yield the floor.
  I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
  The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order 
for the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

                          ____________________