[Congressional Record Volume 163, Number 171 (Tuesday, October 24, 2017)]
[Senate]
[Pages S6730-S6738]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
BANKRUPTCY JUDGESHIP ACT OF 2017--Continued
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Kentucky.
Mr. PAUL. Mr. President, we currently have a $20 trillion debt.
Now, we might ask ourselves, whose fault is it, Republicans or
Democrats? The easy answer is both. Both parties are equally
responsible, equally culpable, and equally guilty of ignoring the debt,
ignoring the spending problem, and really I think allowing our country
to rot from the inside out.
This year, the deficit will be $700 billion, for just 1 year for our
country, $700 billion. We borrow about $1 million a minute. Under
George W. Bush, the debt went from $5 trillion to $10 trillion. Under
President Obama, it went from $10 trillion to $20 trillion. It is
doubling under Republicans and Democrats.
Right now, we are in the midst of another spending frenzy. People
will say: Well, we are spending the money for something good. We are
going to help those in Puerto Rico, in Texas, and in Florida. My point
is, if we are going to spend money to help someone in need, maybe we
should take it from another area of spending that is less in need. I
think that just simply borrowing it--even for something you can argue
is compassionate--is really foolhardy and may make us weaker as a
nation.
Admiral Mullen put it this way. He said: The No. 1 threat to our
national security is our debt. In fact, most people who follow world
politics--while we do have problems around the world--don't really see
us being invaded anytime soon by an army or an armada, but people do
see the burden of debt.
So what we have before us is a bill, $36 billion, much of it going to
Puerto Rico, Texas, and Florida. My request is very simple: We should
pay for it.
About 1 month ago, we had $15 billion for the same purposes. We are
set, in all likelihood, to have over $100 billion spent on these
hurricanes. I simply ask that we take it from some spending item that
seems to be less pressing. We could go through a list of hundreds and
hundreds of items.
One thing I think we could start with is why don't we quit sending
money to countries that burn our flag? If you are a country saying:
``Death to America,'' burning the American flag, maybe we shouldn't
give you any money. We give money to Pakistan, we trade and sell arms
with most of the Middle East, which does not like us, and we do this
with borrowed money. We don't even have the money we are sending, but
we can make the burden a little less if we say: Let's not give any
money to countries that hate us, to any country burning our flag.
In Pakistan, there is a Christian woman by the name of Asia Bibi. She
has been on death row for 5 years for being a Christian. She went to
the well to draw water, and the women of the village began chanting,
``Death. Death to the Christian.'' As she was being beaten and pummeled
on the ground and thought she was going to die, the police finally
showed up. She thought they were there to rescue her. They were there
to imprison her. They took her off to prison. That was 5 years ago. It
is not easy being Christian in the Middle East.
In Pakistan, there was a doctor who helped us get bin Laden. His name
is Afridi. He also has been in jail now for about 5, 6 years. He helped
get us information that helped us to target bin Laden and finally get
this great enemy of our country. The Pakistanis put him in jail for
helping us.
[[Page S6731]]
The Pakistanis help us one day and stab us in the back the next day.
When the Taliban was defeated under President Obama, when he put
100,000 troops in there, they scurried off into Pakistan, they had a
sanctuary, and then they came back. I think we ought to think twice
about sending money to countries that burn our flag, sending money to
countries that persecute Christians, sending money to countries that,
frankly, don't even like us.
We spend about $30 billion helping other countries. If you were going
to help your neighbor, if your neighbor was without food, would you
first feed your children, and if you have a little money left over,
help the children next door? That is what most people would do. If you
are going to give money to your church or synagogue, would you go to
the bank and borrow the money to give to somebody? Would that be
compassionate or foolhardy? Is it compassionate to borrow money to give
it to someone else?
People here will say they have great compassion, and they want to
help the people of Puerto Rico and the people of Texas and the people
of Florida, but notice they have great compassion with someone else's
money. Ask them if they are giving any money to Puerto Rico. Ask them
if they are giving money to Texas. Ask them what they are doing to help
their fellow man. You will find often it is easy to be compassionate
with somebody else's money, but it is not only that. It is not only
compassion with someone else's money, it is compassion with money that
doesn't even exist, money that is borrowed. Of the $20 trillion we owe,
China holds $1 trillion of that.
All this might be said, and you might say: We just have to help
people. You are worrying too much. Do you have to talk about details?
Really, all the money is being well spent. If you look back at money
that has been spent before on disasters, guess what--people replace
everything, including things that weren't broken.
I remember, in Katrina, a family who was holed up in a beachside
resort for weeks with taxpayer money. They could have put them up
across the street for about $60 or $50 a night. They were staying in a
$400-a-night beachside resort with government money, with FEMA money.
I think we have to look at how well government spends money. Do you
want an example of how well government spends money? Last year, we had
some great science. There was a lot of great taxpayer-funded science
going on. They wanted to study whether Neil Armstrong, when he set foot
on the Moon, said: ``One small step for mankind'' or whether he said:
``One small step for a man.'' So it was either ``One small step for
man'' or ``One small step for a man.'' They wanted to know if the
article ``a'' was in there. So they took money that was actually
intended for a good purpose--to study autism--and they studied Neil
Armstrong's statement when he landed on the Moon, $700,000.
In the NIH last year, they spent $2 million studying whether, if
someone in front of you in the buffet line sneezes on the food, are you
more or less likely to eat the food that has been sneezed on? I think
we could have polled the audience on that one.
They spent $300,000 studying whether Japanese quail are more sexually
promiscuous on cocaine. I think we could probably just assume yes.
This kind of stuff goes on year after year. You think: Oh, those are
aberrations. That is new.
William Proxmire was a Senator--a conservative Democrat back in the
day--and he used to do something called the Golden Fleece Award. He
would put out these awards. They sound exactly the same as the stuff we
are finding now.
We spent money studying the gambling habits of Ugandans. We have
studied how to prepare the Philippines for climate change. You name it,
we are studying it around the world, with money we don't have.
If you want to make the argument: We are running a surplus, we are a
great country, we are going to help all the other countries of the
world--I would actually listen to you if we were running a surplus, but
we are not. We are running a $700 billion deficit. We borrow $1 million
a minute.
We have a lot of rich people here. We ought to ask these rich
Senators: What have you given to Puerto Rico? What are you giving to
Texas? Instead, they are giving your money. They are really not even
giving your money. They are giving money they borrowed.
So what am I asking? Not that we not do this. What I am asking is:
Why don't we take it from something we shouldn't be doing or why don't
we try to conserve? So if you decided you want to help the people next
door, you might say: I am not going to the movie theater. I am not
going to go to the Broadway play. I am not going to the NFL game. I am
going to save money by cutting back on my expenses so I can help the
people next door who are struggling, the father and mother out of work,
and they need my help--but you wouldn't go to the bank and ask for a
loan to help people. That is not the way it works, unless you are a
government. Then common sense goes out the window, and you just spend
money right and left because you are compassionate, you have a big
heart, because you have the ability of the Federal Reserve just to
print out more money.
There are ultimately ramifications to profligate spending. We are
approaching that day. Some say you get there when your debt is at 100
percent of your GDP. We have now surpassed that. We have about a $17
trillion, $18 trillion economy, and we have a $20 trillion debt. Is it
getting any better? Have we planned on fixing it at all? No, there is
no fixing. Is one party better than the other? No, they are equally
bad. They are terrible. One side is at least honest. They don't care
about the debt. The other side is just hypocrites because they say: We
are going to win the election by saying we are conservative, we care
about the debt, but they don't. The debt gets worse under both parties.
Voters need to scratch their head and say: Maybe they are both equally
bad with regard to the debt.
Most of the debt is driven by this. It is driven by mandatory
spending. What is mandatory spending? These are the entitlements,
Medicare, Medicaid, food stamps, Social Security. This is driving the
debt. It is on autopilot. So when we talk about a budget, nobody is
talking about doing anything about the spending on autopilot. Why? It
is risky to talk about reforming entitlements because everybody is
getting one. If we don't, though, we are consigned to more and more
debt, and ultimately I think we are consigned to resign to a time in
which the currency may well be destroyed and the country could be eaten
from the inside out through this massive debt.
Last week, we voted on a budget. From appearances, you would say:
Well, the Republicans put forth a conservative budget. It had $6
trillion worth of entitlement savings. In the first year, it had $96
billion worth of entitlement savings.
But ask one Republican, ask any Republican in Congress ``Where is
your $96 billion worth of entitlement spending coming from?'' and most
of them wouldn't even know it was in the budget. It is in the budget to
make it look good and look as if it balances over 10 years. Yet there
is no plan to do anything to entitlement spending. There is no plan to
do any entitlement savings. There is no bill in committee and no bill
to come forward.
I introduced an amendment to the budget. I said: Well, if you are
going to cut or save or somehow transform the entitlements into
responsible spending, where we spend what comes in and we don't borrow,
why don't we put rules or reconciliation instructions into the budget
to tell people that, yes, we are honest, we are sincere, and we are
actually going to cut spending? Do you know how many people voted for
it? There are 52 Republicans; we had 5. They say they are for spending
cuts, but they are not really because nobody will vote to give the
instructions to actually do the spending cuts.
The budget we typically vote on is called discretionary spending.
This is the military and nonmilitary. If you were to eliminate all of
that, you still wouldn't balance the budget. That is one-third of the
budget. You can't even balance the budget by eliminating one-third of
it. You have to tackle the entitlements. Yet nobody has the
wherewithal, the guts, or the intestinal fortitude to actually do it.
We did have a big fix once upon a time on Social Security. In 1983,
President Reagan and Tip O'Neill--Republican and Democrat--came
together to
[[Page S6732]]
say that we were out of money, and we gradually raised the age of
Social Security to 67. Is anybody happy to do that? Is anybody jumping
up and down, saying: Oh, I want to wait longer to get Social Security.
No, nobody is, but if we don't do it, there will be no Social Security
because we are destroying the system.
Social Security pays out more than it brings in. Once upon a time, it
was the other way around. We used to have about 16 workers for every
retiree. Now we have a little bit less than three workers for every
retiree. Families got smaller.
People ask me: Why are Social Security and Medicare running a
deficit? Whose fault is it--Republicans or Democrats? Really, it is a
little bit of both, but it is also the fault of your grandparents for
having too many kids. A whole bunch of baby boomers were born, and they
are all retiring, but the baby boomers had fewer kids, and the baby
boomers' kids had even fewer kids, so it is a demographic shift.
If we put our heads in the sand and do nothing, the debt will
continue to accumulate. We are accumulating debt by the billions of
dollars every year. This year, it is $700 billion, and it is estimated
that it will be close to or may exceed $1 trillion next year. During
President Obama's tenure, we had deficits of over $1 trillion in
several years. Over an 8-year period, we actually increased the debt
over $1 trillion a year. There was about a $10 trillion increase in the
debt in the 8 years of President Obama.
If we look at whose fault it is, Republicans or Democrats, it is
both. But I will tell you the way it works around here. People say that
it is noble, that you are enlightened if you compromise. So here is the
compromise you get. You heard that four of our brave young men died in
Niger the other day. Most of the people here didn't even know we were
there, to the tune of 1,000 soldiers. Once they heard about it--the
hawks--they said: Oh, we need more. They didn't know 1,000 were there,
but they said that we need more there, that we need more people in
Niger.
No one has bothered to have a debate over what the war in Niger is
about, whether we should be there, and whether we should send our
brave, young men and women there. Our Founding Fathers said that was
the first principle--the first principle of going to war. The
initiation of war, the declaration of war, is to be done by Congress.
They specifically took that power away from the President. It is not
just about funding, although that is another way we control war, but
the primary way we control whether we enter into war is the declaration
of war. It is under article I, section 8. This is where the
congressional powers are laid out. People say: Oh, that is an
anachronism; we don't obey that anymore. They certainly don't. But it
was never removed from the Constitution; they just quit and began
ignoring this.
How important was this to our Founding Fathers? Madison wrote this.
Madison said that the executive is the branch of government most prone
to war; therefore, the Constitution, with studied care, granted the
power of war to the legislature. It wasn't just Madison who said this;
it was Jefferson, Washington, Adams. The whole panoply of Founding
Fathers said that war was to be initiated by Congress.
We have had no vote, no debate, and most of the Members didn't know
we were in this part of Africa. Yet here we are. But the knee-jerk
reaction by those on the right typically, but some on the left, is that
we need more, that we wouldn't have lost those 4 lives had we had
10,000 troops in a country in which none of us knew we were going to be
at war. None of us fully debated who the parties are to the war. Yet we
are going to be at war there now. So the knee-jerk reaction is that we
are to expand our role in this war in Africa.
I had my staff ask a question: How many troops do we have in Africa?
Nobody here knows. We looked it up, and we found out it is 6,000. We
have 6,000 troops in Africa. We knew we were at war in Iraq, Syria,
Afghanistan, and Libya, but we didn't really know we had 6,000 troops
in Africa. That would include Libya. Six thousand troops are in Africa.
The point is, when you get back to the debate we are talking about--
the budget--there are a great deal of expenditures to have troops in a
hundred-some-odd countries. So we literally have troops in over 100
countries. We currently have 6,000 troops in Africa. It is expensive.
How do you convince the other side of the aisle to pay for it?
Typically, the Republican side of the aisle says: ``Katy, bar the
door.'' We will spend whatever it takes, and then some, on the
military.
The Democrats say: Well, what about welfare? We need more welfare.
Then they tell you that to compromise is noble, to be enlightened, to
be pragmatic, that to compromise is what we should shoot for, that we
should work with the other side. So that is what happens.
There has been a bipartisan consensus for maybe 50, 60, 70 years now,
and that is to fund everything. If the right wants warfare, the left
says we must get more welfare. If the left wants welfare, the right
says we have to have more money for warfare. So it is guns and butter.
It began in an aggressive way during the Vietnam war, but it has
proceeded apace. We continue to spend money as if there is no tomorrow,
but both parties are guilty. It is the right and the left. It is
compromise that is killing this country. It is the compromise to spend
money on everything, for everyone, whether you are from the right or
the left.
But there could be another form of compromise. We could say that we
wish to compromise in the reverse direction. We wish to say that, look,
maybe for the Republicans, national defense is more important than
welfare, and maybe for the Democrats, welfare is more important than
warfare, but maybe the compromise could be, you know what, we don't
have enough money for either one. Maybe the compromise could be that we
will spend a little bit less on each.
You know what. We did that recently. When I first came up here, I was
elected in this tea party tidal wave that was concerned about debt.
Something called a sequester was passed. Guess who hated it. All the
big-spending Republicans and all the big-spending Democrats. They
couldn't pass out their goodies and favors enough because there was
some restraint.
You say: Well, I heard the sequester was terrible. I saw people at
school and I saw people in my town saying that the sequester wasn't
giving them enough money.
The sequester was actually a slowdown in the rate of growth of
spending. This is why you have to understand newspeak. We talk about
newspeak and how people change the meaning of words to make them
meaningless or even to make them mean the opposite. You hear all the
time--when we were having the debate on repealing ObamaCare, we were
talking about capping the rate of growth of Medicaid. You heard all the
squawking on the left saying we were going to cut Medicaid. No. We were
going to cut the rate of growth of Medicaid.
So we had a sequester, and it was evenly divided between military and
nonmilitary, between Republican interests and Democratic interests. It
did not cut; it slowed down the rate of growth of spending over 10
years. It was actually working to a certain degree. We got it because
people who were concerned about the debt fought and fought and said: We
need to be concerned about the debt. We are hollowing out the country
from the inside out.
Who destroyed the sequester? Really, the voices were louder on the
Republican side than the Democratic side, but both parties were
complicit. The sequester has essentially been gutted and destroyed, and
the spending caps have become somewhat meaningless.
We have before us today $36 billion. It will exceed the spending
caps. We have a sequester in place, but there are all these exemptions,
so it is exempt. Anytime you say it is an emergency, it is an
exemption. Within the $36 billion, though, there is $16 billion because
we run a terrible government-run flood program that is $16 billion in
the hole. So we are going to bail it out by letting it wipe out all of
its debt. That sounds like long-term mismanagement in a badly run
program rather than an emergency. Yet it is going to be stuck in an
emergency bill so it can exceed the caps.
What am I asking for today? I am asking that we obey our own rules.
We set these rules. We set these spending caps. We set the sequester.
Let's obey
[[Page S6733]]
them. The other side will say: Oh, we are obeying the rules; we are
just not counting this money. That is the problem. We have this
dishonest accounting where people say: Oh yeah, we are obeying the
rules. But we are not.
There are a couple of ways you could pay for this. The first way, I
tried a couple of weeks ago. We had a $15 billion bill, and I said: Why
don't we pay for it with the foreign aid, the welfare we give to other
countries? Why don't we say: You know what, it is time we looked at
America first. It is time that we took care of our own. It is time that
we spend money taking care of those in Texas, Florida, and Puerto Rico,
but let's spend money that we were going to send in the form of welfare
to other countries. Maybe we should take care of our own.
Instead, though, the Senate voted otherwise. I forced the issue. They
weren't too happy with the amendment. I only got the vote because I was
persistent and I threatened to delay things, and I was able to get a
vote. Do you know how many Senators voted for this? No Democrats. No
Democrats wanted to offset any spending, and 10 Republicans did. I
think the vote was 87 to 10. Eighty-seven Senators voted to keep
spending money without any offsets, to basically just borrow the money.
Now we are having the same debate again. I have an amendment to
offset the $36 billion. In all likelihood, I am not going to get an
amendment vote because they don't have time. It would take 15 minutes,
and God forbid we spend 15 minutes talking about how we are being eaten
alive by a $20 trillion debt. God forbid we talk about how a $20
trillion debt is an anchor around the neck of the country. God forbid.
God forbid we offer an amendment and at least take 15 minutes to have
an offset, to say we should pay for this money we are going to send to
Puerto Rico, Texas, and Florida, pay for it by taking it from some
other element in the budget.
Last time, I offered foreign welfare. This time, what I put on the
table is something that is very similar to a bill that has been put
forward and offered for several years called the Penny Plan. The Penny
Plan is this. There is a great illustration of this--if you want to
look at this on YouTube--of a guy with a bunch of pennies stacked and
showing sort of in a visual way what it would be like to cut one penny
out of every dollar. That is what we are talking about. A 1-percent cut
across the board would pay for this $36 billion bill. It is actually a
little bit less than 1 percent. One percent of a $4 trillion budget
would be $40 billion. We need $36 billion, so it is less than 1
percent. Just cut the budget less than 1 percent.
Do you think there might be 1 percent waste in every department,
including even departments of government you might like? Do you think
any American families ever had to deal with a 1-percent cut? Government
is so wasteful at every level that we could probably cut several
percentage points of every division and department of government, and
you wouldn't know it was gone. I mean, the waste is astounding. When we
looked at where money is spent, we looked at some of the money that was
being shipped overseas not too long ago, and one of the programs that
we found was a televised cricket league for Afghanistan. All right,
self-esteem is really important, and you are going to pay for it. So we
are going to pay for television so that the Afghans can feel better
about themselves by watching cricket on TV.
The first problem is that we don't have the money. We have to borrow
it. The second problem is that they don't have televisions in
Afghanistan. Well, some do, but the 1 in 1,000 people who have a
television, I guess, are going to feel better about the Americans
paying so that they can watch cricket on TV. It is one thing after
another. We paid $1 million for a variety program to put little songs
and skits on their televisions. Once again, most of them do not have a
TV to watch.
In the war effort in Afghanistan, we spent trillions and trillions of
dollars on the war effort. We have defeated the Taliban many times, and
I am sure that we could defeat them again, but that just means that
they will go across the border, hide in caves, and go back when we are
tired.
We spent $45 million on a gas station in Afghanistan. This is an
interesting gas station. It serves up natural gas. You might say that
is great because we are lessening the carbon footprint in Afghanistan,
except that it is completely absurd. They do not have any cars that run
on natural gas in Afghanistan.
So they built a $45 million plant. The original estimate was that it
was going to cost about $500,000. It was like 46 times the cost of
overruns, and it ended up costing $45 million. It serves up natural
gas, but nobody has a car that runs on natural gas.
We said whoops, and we immediately bought them 24 cars that run on
natural gas so they could go to the $45 million gas station to get
their natural gas. But that was not enough. We had natural gas cars for
them, but they had no money with which to buy the natural gas. So we
bought them all credit cards. We bought them natural-gas-burning cars,
we gave them a natural-gas gas station, and we bought them credit cards
to reduce the carbon footprint of those who are living in Afghanistan.
This is absurd.
When we look at the budget and when we look at accounting, a lot of
the money that has been spent overseas in the Iraq war, the Afghanistan
war, the Syria war, the Niger war, the Libya war, the Somalia war, and
the Chad war is not really budgeted. A lot of this money is actually
done as an off-budget thing. It is called the overseas contingency
operations. It is really a way of cheating, a way of being dishonest in
your accounting. It is a way of evading spending caps, but it has also
gone a long way toward making it easier to keep spending money without
restraint. We tried to put restraints on military and nonmilitary, and
they were exceeded by this slush fund. They call it OCO funding, or
overseas contingency operations. When we had the budget vote recently,
I put forward an amendment and simply said that we should not spend
above our caps. If we put these caps in place, this is what we should
spend. I think that we got maybe 15 or 20 votes on that, but this is
the problem.
Ultimately, we have to decide as a country this: Are we going to obey
the Constitution? Are we going to go to war only when we declare war,
when Congress does its job and declares war, or are we going to go to
war anytime, anywhere? That is sort of what we do now. We go to war
anytime, anywhere on the face of the planet, and it is not for free.
Not only is it expensive in dollars, but it is expensive in the lives
of the young men and women who are sent to these wars. Yet no one has
ever voted on them. We lost a soldier in Yemen 3 or 4 months ago. For
his family, it was devastating, but America pays little attention
because America is, basically, not fighting the war. A very small
percentage of America--brave young men and women who are often from
rural parts of our country--is fighting our wars, but the mass of
America is not fighting. You could say that they are volunteers--that
is great, and I think that is the best kind of army to have--but I hate
it that we do not show the responsibility and care of actually doing
our job and of taking the time to debate it.
Should we be at war in Yemen or not? Should we be at war in Niger?
Should we be at war in Libya? Should we be at war in Chad? Should we be
at war in Somalia, in Djibouti, in Pakistan, in Afghanistan? We have
troops in probably 20 or 30 nations in which there is conflict going
on, and we are actively involved in the midst of conflict in at least 6
or 7. It is very expensive in human lives and dollars.
We need to ask ourselves this: Will we do this forever?
The Sunnis have been fighting the Shia for about 1,000 years.
People say: Well, we are going after ISIS in Africa.
ISIS is basically a name for radical jihadist Islam, and it is all
over the planet. Are we going to go everywhere and kill every one of
them? Is there a possibility that, when we kill 1 that 10 more will pop
up? Is the Whac-A-Mole strategy for killing every terrorist on the
planet or every radical on the planet the way that we are going to win?
We went into Yemen on a manned raid in January or February of this
year, and we lost one brave Navy SEAL. They say that we got
information, but they will not exactly tell me what information they
got. They claim
[[Page S6734]]
that it was this great information that is going to make the war on
terror so much easier. I have my doubts. In the raid, though, which was
a manned raid in the middle of Yemen, women and children died. I do not
blame our soldiers. I have members of my family who are Active Duty.
They do what they are told. They take orders. It is tough being put in
a situation like that. You are dropped in the middle of nowhere in a
village. Maybe the women and children are shooting at you as well. You
have to defend yourself and complete your mission.
Yet I wonder whether or not the policymakers should be more involved
with making the decision as to whether we should be in Yemen and
whether or not the people who live in the surrounding area to that
village will, for 100 years or more, recite through oral tradition the
day that the Americans came, and whether or not we will have actually
killed more terrorists than will have been created by the oral
tradition of when the Americans came.
We are also aiding and abetting Saudi Arabia in this horrific war in
Yemen. There are 17 million people who live on the edge of starvation
in Yemen, and the war is exacerbating that. Yemen is a very poor
country to begin with. They import about 80 percent of their food.
Currently, the Saudis have a blockade. So no food is getting in. They
say that it is to prevent arms, and I am sure it is, but one of the
consequences is no food. There are a half million people with cholera
right now. It is sort of a bad form of dysentery, and in poor
countries, you die from cholera. There are a half million people with
cholera. It goes along with no food and no clean water.
The Saudis are blockading Yemen, and the Saudis are bombing Yemen. We
are selling the Saudis the weapons. We are refueling the planes and
helping the Saudis pick the targets. One of the Saudi targets about 1
year ago was a funeral procession. This was a funeral procession of a
Houthi leader or rebel. There were 500 people--civilians--who were
wounded in that procession, and there were 150 who were killed by a
Saudi bomb on civilians.
Do you think they are going to soon forget that? Do you think that by
killing 150 people in a funeral procession and wounding 500, you killed
more terrorists that day than you created?
I would say that that day will live on in oral history for 1,000
years. The day the Saudis came with American bombs and bombed an
unarmed funeral procession will live on for 1,000 years, and hundreds--
if not thousands--of people will be motivated to become suicide bombers
because of the day that the Saudis bombed a funeral procession.
It is incredibly expensive in lives--their lives, our lives. When you
look at the cause of famine around the globe and when you look at it
extensively and study the causes of famine, it is war probably 6 or 7
times out of 10. War is a terrible thing, and we must acknowledge that
and try to think of ways that we can make war the last resort instead
of the first resort.
I mean, for goodness sake, the people on television this Sunday did
not know how many troops were in Niger. Yet their immediate response
was that we should have had more--that we need more troops over there
in Africa--in a place that most Americans have not heard of and have no
idea who is fighting whom or whether or not it is an achievable goal.
They say that 1,000 was not enough, that if we had had 10,000 in air
support and all of this, we would have prevented these deaths. That is
one lesson you could learn. The other lesson you could learn is that
maybe we should not have been there at all.
You see, people have to stand up for themselves. There is this idea
of sort of self-rule and independence, but if people are coddled and
not sort of forced into the position of defending themselves, they will
not.
We have been in Afghanistan for 16 years. In the 16 years we have
been there, what have we found? We have found that about 60,000 to
80,000 Afghans have come over here. We have to help these translators.
Well, they speak English, and they are pro-West. So they need to stay
in Afghanistan and create a country. The best people left.
It is the same in Iraq. We won the war in Iraq, and all of the good
people came over here. I have nothing personally against those who came
other than that I am disappointed that there were not enough people who
were heroic enough to stay in their country to help build a new
country.
Who fights over there? Some of the Afghans fight. Some people join
their army to shoot us. We have this green on green, where their
soldiers are shooting our soldiers because they come in and
intentionally are there to kill our soldiers. Yet the question is, How
come, after 15, 16 years, the Afghans cannot fight to preserve their
nation?
Now everybody says: Oh, if America comes home, the Taliban will take
over. The Taliban is not quite ISIS. It is also not quite the same
international sort of jihadist. They did harbor bin Laden once upon a
time. Most of those people are dead if not all of them.
If you look at how terrorism ended when the IRA ended in England and
in Ireland, it ended up being a negotiation. So many say that they will
never negotiate with the enemy. If you never negotiate with the
Taliban--they are, unfortunately, pretty popular in Afghanistan, and
they are going to be there forever--can we kill them all? No. It is
just like the radicals throughout these Islamic countries. I think
there are too many to kill. The question is, Do you create more than
you kill?
If you put this in context and say that we have to be able to defend
ourselves and that our country needs to be strong to defend itself, I
could not agree more, but do you know what? We become weaker every day
as we run up this debt. We are $20 trillion in debt--$700 billion this
year. We borrow $1 million a minute. Realize that predicament, and then
realize that the powers that be do not want to allow amendments to
offset spending.
I am proposing, if we spend money on Puerto Rico and Texas and
Florida, that we offset it by taking it from something that is less of
a priority, from something else in the budget. If we were to cut 1
percent of the rest of the budget, we would have more than enough to
pay for this. Would anybody notice 1 percent? Sure. One would have to
push things around a little bit, but they would all survive.
We have looked at spending, and to show you how bad spending in the
Federal Government is, it gets faster each month as you get toward the
end of the year. When there is only 1 month left, these bureaucrats
say: Oh, my goodness, we might not be able to spend the money fast
enough. So spending in the last month of the year is, actually, five
times faster than in any other month of the year. In fact, in the last
month of the fiscal year, not only is it five times faster, but each
progressive day it gets faster. The last month of the fiscal year is
September. On September 1, they spend the money like this. On September
2, it is like this. On September 3, it like this. On September 4, it is
like this. It goes up every day because they are trying to shovel the
money out as fast as they can. If they do not spend it all, they are
afraid they will not get it next year. The common parlance is ``use it
or lose it.''
When you get all the way to the last day of the fiscal year, spending
actually increases and goes with the rising and setting Sun. So it is 8
o'clock, earlier here than it is in California. As the Sun rises, we
begin spending money in the East. We are shoveling it out as fast as we
can. As the Sun progresses towards sunset, the spending shifts to the
west coast. They are shoveling it out at 5 o'clock Pacific time in
their trying to get rid of the money.
If you look at when most conferences are, when most government
employees go to a conference in Las Vegas, it is in the last months of
the year. They found that they have some money. What is a million
bucks? You don't mind spending a million bucks, right? You want these
government employees to have a good time. So there was a group--I think
it was the General Services Administration--a couple of years ago, and
you saw those pictures of the head of the GSA and his wife in a big Las
Vegas hot tub, drinking champagne. I think that was a million-dollar
event--it was either at that conference or at another one--in which
they decided that it would be good and instructive for their employees
if they actually had a Star Trek reenactment. So they hired Star Trek
reenactors.
[[Page S6735]]
With that, I reserve the remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Arizona.
Protecting Our Democracy
Mr. FLAKE. Mr. President, I rise today to address a matter that has
been very much on my mind. At a moment when it seems that our democracy
is more defined by our discord and our dysfunction than by our own
values and principles, let me begin by noting a somewhat obvious point
that these offices that we hold are not ours indefinitely. We are not
here simply to mark time. Sustained incumbency is certainly not the
point of seeking office, and there are times when we must risk our
careers in favor of our principles. Now is such a time.
It must also be said that I rise today with no small measure of
regret--regret because of the state of our disunion, regret because of
the disrepair and destructiveness of our politics, regret because of
the indecency of our discourse, regret because of the coarseness of our
leadership, regret for the compromise of our moral authority, and by
``our,'' I mean all of our complicity in this alarming and dangerous
state of affairs.
It is time for our complicity and our accommodation of the
unacceptable to end. In this century, a new phrase has entered the
language to describe the accommodation of a new and undesirable order,
that phrase being the ``new normal.'' But we must never adjust to the
present coarseness of our national dialogue with the tone set at the
top. We must never regard as normal the regular and casual undermining
of our democratic norms and ideals. We must never meekly accept the
daily sundering of our country, the personal attacks, the threats
against principles, freedoms, and institutions, the flagrant disregard
for truth and decency, the reckless provocations, most often for the
pettiest and most personal reasons, reasons having nothing whatsoever
to do with the fortunes of the people whom we have been elected to
serve. None of these appalling features of our current politics should
ever be regarded as normal. We must never allow ourselves to lapse into
thinking that is just the way things are now. If we simply become
inured to this condition, thinking that it is just politics as usual,
then Heaven help us.
Without fear of the consequences and without consideration of the
rules of what is politically safe or palatable, we must stop pretending
that the degradation of our politics and the conduct of some in our
executive branch are normal. They are not normal. Reckless, outrageous,
and undignified behavior has become excused and countenanced as
``telling it like it is'' when it is actually just reckless,
outrageous, and undignified.
When such behavior emanates from the top of our government, it is
something else. It is dangerous to a democracy. Such behavior does not
project strength, because our strength comes from our values. It
instead projects a corruption of the spirit and weakness.
It is often said that children are watching. Well, they are. And what
are we going to do about that? When the next generation asks us ``Why
didn't you do something? Why didn't you speak up?'' what are we going
to say? Mr. President, I rise today to say ``enough.''
We must dedicate ourselves to making sure that the anomalous never
becomes the normal. With respect and humility, I must say that we have
fooled ourselves for long enough that a pivot to governing is right
around the corner, a return to civility and stability right behind it.
We know better than that. By now, we all know better than that.
Here, today, I stand to say that we would better serve the country
and better fulfill the obligations under the Constitution by adhering
to our article I ``old normal''--Mr. Madison's doctrine of the
separation of powers. This genius innovation, which affirms Madison's
status as a true visionary and for which Madison argued in Federalist
51, held that the equal branches of our government would balance and
counteract each other when necessary. ``Ambition counteracts
ambition,'' he wrote. But what happens if ambition fails to counteract
ambition? What happens if stability fails to assert itself in the face
of chaos and instability or if decency fails to call out indecency?
Were the shoe on the other foot, would we Republicans meekly accept
such behavior on display from dominant Democrats? Of course we
wouldn't, and we would be wrong if we did.
When we remain silent and fail to act when we know that silence and
inaction are the wrong things to do because of political
considerations, because we might make enemies, because we might
alienate the base, because we might provoke a primary challenge,
because ad infinitum, ad nauseam, when we succumb to those
considerations in spite of what should be greater considerations and
imperatives in defense of our institutions and our liberty, we dishonor
our principles and forsake our obligations. Those things are far more
important than politics.
I am aware that more politically savvy people than I will caution
against such talk. I am aware that there is a segment of my party that
believes anything short of complete and unquestioning loyalty to a
President who belongs to my party is unacceptable and suspect. If I
have been critical, it is not because I relish criticizing the behavior
of the President of the United States. If I have been critical, it is
because I believe it is my obligation to do so as a matter of duty of
conscience.
The notion that one should stay silent as the norms and values that
keep America strong are undermined and as the alliances and agreements
that ensure the stability of the entire world are routinely threatened
by the level of thought that goes into 140 characters, the notion that
we should say or do nothing in the face of such mercurial behavior is
ahistoric and, I believe, profoundly misguided.
A Republican President named Roosevelt had this to say about the
President and a citizen's relationship to the office:
The President is merely the most important among a large
number of public servants. He should be supported or opposed
exactly to the degree which is warranted by his good conduct
or bad conduct, his efficiency or inefficiency in rendering
loyal, able, and disinterested service to the Nation as a
whole.
Therefore, it is absolutely necessary that there should be
full liberty to tell the truth about his acts, and this means
that it is exactly as necessary to blame him when he does
wrong as to praise him when he does right. Any other attitude
in an American citizen is both base and servile.
President Roosevelt continued:
To announce that there must be no criticism of the
President, or that we are to stand by a President, right or
wrong, is not only unpatriotic and servile, but is morally
treasonable to the American public.
Acting on conscience and principle is the manner in which we express
our moral selves, and, as such, loyalty to conscience and principle
should supersede loyalty to any man or party.
We can all be forgiven for failing in that measure from time to time.
I certainly put myself at the top of the list of those who fall short
in this regard. I am holier than none.
But too often, we rush not to salvage principle but to forgive and
excuse our failures so that we might accommodate them and go right on
failing until the accommodation itself becomes our principle.
In that way and over time, we can justify almost any behavior and
sacrifice any principle. I am afraid this is where we now find
ourselves.
When a leader correctly identifies real hurt and insecurity in our
country, and instead of addressing it goes to look for someone to
blame, there is perhaps nothing more devastating to a pluralistic
society. Leadership knows that most often a good place to start in
assigning blame is to look somewhat closer to home. Leadership knows
where the buck stops, humility helps, and character counts.
Leadership does not knowingly encourage or feed ugly or debased
appetites in us. Leadership lives by the American creed, ``E Pluribus
Unum''--``From many, one.'' American leadership looks to the world, and
just as Lincoln did, sees the family of man. Humanity is not a zero-sum
game. When we have been at our most prosperous, we have been at our
most principled, and when we do well, the rest of the world does well.
These articles of civic faith have been critical to the American
identity for as long as we have been alive. They are our birthright and
our obligation.
[[Page S6736]]
We must guard them jealously and pass them on for as long as the
calendar has days. To betray them or to be unserious in their defense
is a betrayal of the fundamental obligations of American leadership,
and to behave as if they don't matter is simply not who we are.
Now the efficacy of American leadership around the globe has come
into question. When the United States emerged from World War II, we
contributed about half of the world's economic activity. It would have
been easy to secure our dominance, keeping those countries that had
been defeated or greatly weakened during the war in their place. We
didn't do that. It would have been easy to focus inward. We resisted
those impulses. Instead, we financed reconstruction of shattered
countries and created international organizations and institutions that
have helped provide security and foster prosperity around the world for
more than 70 years.
Now, it seems that we, the architects of this visionary, rules-based
world order that has brought so much freedom and prosperity, are the
ones most eager to abandon it. The implications of this abandonment are
profound, and the beneficiaries of this rather radical departure in the
American approach to the world are the ideological enemies of our
values.
Despotism loves a vacuum, and our allies are now looking elsewhere
for leadership. Why are they doing this? None of this is normal. What
do we, as U.S. Senators, have to say about it? The principles that
underlie our politics, the values of our founding, are too vital to our
identity and to our survival to allow them to be compromised by the
requirements of politics because politics can make us silent when we
should speak, and silence can equal complicity.
I have children and grandchildren to answer to, and so I will not be
complicit or silent. I have decided I will be better able to represent
the people of Arizona and to better serve my country and my conscience
by freeing myself of the political considerations that consume far too
much bandwidth and would cause me to compromise far too many
principles.
To that end, I am announcing today that my service in the Senate will
conclude at the end of my term in early January 2019. It is clear, at
this moment, that a traditional conservative who believes in limited
government and free markets, who is devoted to free trade, who is pro-
immigration has a narrower and narrower path to nomination in the
Republican Party--the party that has so long defined itself by its
belief in those things.
It is also clear to me, for the moment, that we have given up on the
core principles in favor of a more viscerally satisfying anger and
resentment. To be clear, the anger and resentment that the people feel
at the royal mess we have created are justified, but anger and
resentment are not a governing philosophy.
There is an undeniable potency to a populist appeal, but
mischaracterizing or misunderstanding our problems and giving in to the
impulse to scapegoat and belittle threatens to turn us into a fearful,
backward-looking people. In the case of the Republican Party, those
things also threaten to turn us into a fearful, backward-looking
minority party.
We were not made great as a country by indulging in or even exalting
our worst impulses, turning against ourselves, glorifying in the things
that divide us, and calling fake things true and true things fake, and
we did not become the beacon of freedom in the darkest corners of the
world by flouting our institutions and failing to understand just how
hard-won and vulnerable they are.
This spell will eventually break. That is my belief. We will return
to ourselves once more, and I say, the sooner the better because to
have a healthy government, we must also have healthy and functioning
parties. We must respect each other again in an atmosphere of shared
facts and shared values, comity, and good faith. We must argue our
positions fervently and never be afraid to compromise. We must assume
the best of our fellow man and always look for the good. Until that day
comes, we must be unafraid to stand up and speak out as if our country
depends on it because it does.
I plan to spend the remaining 14 months of my Senate term doing just
that. The graveyard is full of indispensable men and women. None of us
here is indispensable, nor were even the great figures of history who
toiled at these very desks in this very Chamber to shape the country we
have inherited. What is indispensable are the values they consecrated
in Philadelphia and in this place--values which have endured and will
endure for so long as men and women wish to remain free. What is
indispensable is what we do here in defense of those values. A
political career does not mean much if we are complicit in undermining
these values.
I thank my colleagues for indulging me here today. I will close by
borrowing the words of President Lincoln, who knew more about healthy
enmity and preserving our founding values than any other American who
has ever lived. His words from his first inaugural were a prayer in his
time and are no less in ours:
We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies.
Though passion may have strained, it must not break the bonds
of our affection. The mystic chords of memory will swell when
again touched, as surely as they will be, by the better
angels of our nature.
Thank you, Mr. President.
I yield the floor.
(Applause, Senators rising.)
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The majority leader.
Thanking the Senator from Arizona
Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, colleagues, we regret to hear that our
friend from Arizona will conclude his Senate service at the end of his
6-year term.
I would like to say, on behalf of myself and I think many of my
colleagues, we just witnessed a speech from a very fine man--a man who
clearly brings high principles to the office every day and does what he
believes is in the best interest of Arizona and the country.
I am grateful the Senator from Arizona will be here for another year
and a half. We have big things to try to accomplish for the American
people. From my perspective, the Senator from Arizona has been a great
team player, always trying to get a constructive outcome no matter what
the issue before us.
So I thank the Senator from Arizona for his service, which will
continue, thankfully, for another year and a half, and for the
opportunity to listen to his remarks today
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The senior Senator from Arizona.
Mr. McCAIN. Mr. President, it is very hard for me to add to the
eloquence of my dear friend from Arizona, but I do want to say it has
been one of the great honors of my life to have the opportunity to
serve with a man of integrity, of honor, decency, and commitment to not
only Arizona but the United States of America.
I have seen Jeff Flake stand up for what he believes in, knowing full
well that there would be a political price to pay. I have seen him
stand up for his family. I have seen him stand up for his forbearers
who were the early settlers of the State of Arizona. In fact, there is
a place called Snowflake, AZ, and obviously the ``Flake'' part comes
from his direct predecessor.
It is the Flake family and families like them who came and worked and
slaved and raised families and made Arizona what it is, and it has
never had a more deserving son than Jeff Flake and his beautiful wife
Cheryl and children.
So I would just like to say, Jeff, I have known you now for a number
of years. I know you have served Arizona and the country, and there is
one thing I am absolutely sure of, and that is you will continue that
service, which is part of your family. It is part of your view of
America. It is part of your willingness and desire to serve Arizona.
One of the great privileges of my life has been to have the opportunity
to know you and serve with you.
As we look, all of us, at some point at our time that we have spent
here--whether it be short or whether it be long--we look back and we
think about what we could have done, what we should have done, what we
might have done, the mistakes we made, and the things we are proud of.
Well, when the Flake service to this country in this Senate is
reviewed, it will be one of honor, of brilliance and patriotism and
love of country.
[[Page S6737]]
I thank you. God bless you and your family.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The majority leader.
Mr. McCONNELL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that
notwithstanding rule XXII, all postcloture time now be considered
expired, all pending motions and amendments be withdrawn, except for
the motion to concur, and that Senator Paul be recognized to speak for
up to 5 minutes and then make a budget point of order; that myself or
my designee be recognized to make a motion to waive; that following
disposition of the motion to waive, the Senate vote on the motion to
concur in the House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 2266; and
that if the motion is agreed to, the motion to reconsider be considered
made and laid upon the table.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
Under the previous order, all postcloture time has expired.
Under the previous order, the motion to concur with amendment is
withdrawn.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Kentucky.
Mr. PAUL. Mr. President, there have been many who have said,
including Admiral Mullen, among others, that the greatest threat to our
national security is our debt. We have a $20 trillion debt. This year,
the debt for 1 year will be about $700 billion. We borrow $1 million a
minute. What we have before us is a bill that will exceed our spending
caps.
We will be told that this is an emergency and we must do it. Yet I
think the true compassion comes from helping those but also making sure
we don't add to our debt. I think the truly compassionate person helps
their neighbor by giving part of their surplus to their neighbor but
not going to the bank and borrowing money to give it to their neighbor.
We are $700 billion short in the budget, and we are simply going to
print more money and send it to Puerto Rico, Texas, and Florida. What I
ask is, if you are going to help people, why don't we set our
priorities? Why don't we take money from other areas of the budget
where it is not needed?
What I propose is that we cut 1 percent or a little bit less than
that across the board. I think there is not a department of government
that couldn't deal with 1 percent less, and we would take that money
and we could spend it on the emergencies in Puerto Rico and Texas.
I think if we think somehow that it is compassionate to go ahead and
just borrow more money and continue doing this, I think we are fooling
ourselves. I think our country becomes weaker each day we add to the
debt, and I think it is time we become honest with ourselves.
If you look at whose fault this is, there is enough blame to go
around, frankly. The debt doubled under George W. Bush from $5 trillion
to $10 trillion. The debt then doubled again from $10 trillion to $20
trillion under President Obama.
We are on course to add, some estimate, another $10 to $15 trillion
over the next 8 years. This is a real problem for our country. So I
think, as we look toward helping those who suffer from the hurricanes,
we should look toward taking it away from less pressing priorities.
There is also $16 billion in here for the flood program that
continues to pay people to build in flood zones. We do it year after
year after year. We continue to rebuild in flood zones, and then the
taxpayers are left on the hook. So we are wiping out $16 billion in
debt for the flood program, and we are also then spending money we
don't have.
At this point, what I would like to do is raise a point of order that
has to do with us exceeding the spending caps. I think, if we are going
to be honest with ourselves--we are in the midst of talking about a
large tax cut, which I favor, but how can we be the party or the people
who cut taxes at the same time we continue to borrow more? So what I am
asking, through this budget point of order, is that we actually adhere
to our rule to not exceed our spending caps and try to slow down the
accumulation of debt.
With that, I raise the section 314(e) point of order, pursuant to the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, against sections 304, 306, 308, and
309 of the Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief
Requirements Act of 2017.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Portman). The Senator from Kansas.
Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. President, pursuant to section 904 of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and the waiver provisions of
applicable budget resolutions, I move to waive all applicable sections
of that act and applicable budget resolutions for purpose of H.R. 2266,
and I ask for the yeas and nays.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second?
There appears to be a sufficient second.
The question is on agreeing to the motion.
The clerk will call the roll.
The bill clerk called the roll.
Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the Senator from New Jersey (Mr.
Menendez) is necessarily absent.
The yeas and nays resulted--yeas 80, nays 19, as follows:
[Rollcall Vote No. 247 Leg.]
YEAS--80
Alexander
Baldwin
Bennet
Blumenthal
Blunt
Booker
Boozman
Brown
Burr
Cantwell
Capito
Cardin
Carper
Casey
Cassidy
Cochran
Collins
Coons
Cornyn
Cortez Masto
Cruz
Daines
Donnelly
Duckworth
Durbin
Ernst
Feinstein
Fischer
Franken
Gardner
Gillibrand
Graham
Grassley
Harris
Hassan
Hatch
Heinrich
Heitkamp
Heller
Hirono
Hoeven
Isakson
Kaine
Kennedy
King
Klobuchar
Leahy
Manchin
Markey
McCain
McCaskill
McConnell
Merkley
Murkowski
Murphy
Murray
Nelson
Peters
Portman
Reed
Roberts
Rounds
Rubio
Sanders
Schatz
Schumer
Scott
Shaheen
Stabenow
Sullivan
Tester
Tillis
Udall
Van Hollen
Warner
Warren
Whitehouse
Wicker
Wyden
Young
NAYS--19
Barrasso
Corker
Cotton
Crapo
Enzi
Flake
Inhofe
Johnson
Lankford
Lee
Moran
Paul
Perdue
Risch
Sasse
Shelby
Strange
Thune
Toomey
NOT VOTING--1
Menendez
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Strange). On this vote, the yeas are 80,
the nays are 19.
Three-fifths of the Senators duly chosen and sworn having voted in
the affirmative, the motion is agreed to.
The point of order falls.
Motion to Concur
The question is on agreeing to the motion to concur.
Mr. ALEXANDER. I ask for the yeas and nays.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Johnson). Is there a sufficient second?
There appears to be a sufficient second.
The clerk will call the roll.
The senior assistant legislative clerk called the roll.
Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the Senator from New Jersey (Mr.
Menendez) is necessarily absent.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Rubio). Are there any other Senators in
the Chamber desiring to vote?
The result was announced--yeas 82, nays 17, as follows:
[Rollcall Vote No. 248 Leg.]
YEAS--82
Alexander
Baldwin
Bennet
Blumenthal
Blunt
Booker
Boozman
Brown
Burr
Cantwell
Capito
Cardin
Carper
Casey
Cassidy
Cochran
Collins
Coons
Cornyn
Cortez Masto
Cruz
Daines
Donnelly
Duckworth
Durbin
Ernst
Feinstein
Fischer
Franken
Gardner
Gillibrand
Graham
Grassley
Harris
Hassan
Hatch
Heinrich
Heitkamp
Heller
Hirono
Hoeven
Isakson
Kaine
Kennedy
King
Klobuchar
Leahy
Manchin
Markey
McCain
McCaskill
McConnell
Merkley
Moran
Murkowski
Murphy
Murray
Nelson
Peters
Portman
Reed
Roberts
Rounds
Rubio
Sanders
Schatz
Schumer
Scott
Shaheen
Stabenow
Sullivan
Tester
Thune
Tillis
Udall
Van Hollen
Warner
Warren
Whitehouse
Wicker
Wyden
Young
[[Page S6738]]
NAYS--17
Barrasso
Corker
Cotton
Crapo
Enzi
Flake
Inhofe
Johnson
Lankford
Lee
Paul
Perdue
Risch
Sasse
Shelby
Strange
Toomey
NOT VOTING--1
Menendez
The motion was agreed to.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the motion to
reconsider is considered made and laid upon the table with respect to
the prior vote.
The Senator from Idaho.
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