[Congressional Record Volume 163, Number 105 (Tuesday, June 20, 2017)]
[House]
[Pages H4947-H4951]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
MOBILE WORKFORCE STATE INCOME TAX SIMPLIFICATION ACT OF 2017
Mr. GOODLATTE. Madam Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass
the bill (H.R. 1393) to limit the authority of States to tax certain
income of employees for employment duties performed in other States.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The text of the bill is as follows:
H.R. 1393
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Mobile Workforce State
Income Tax Simplification Act of 2017''.
SEC. 2. LIMITATIONS ON STATE WITHHOLDING AND TAXATION OF
EMPLOYEE INCOME.
(a) In General.--No part of the wages or other remuneration
earned by an employee who performs employment duties in more
than one State shall be subject to income tax in any State
other than--
(1) the State of the employee's residence; and
(2) the State within which the employee is present and
performing employment duties for more than 30 days during the
calendar year in which the wages or other remuneration is
earned.
(b) Wages or Other Remuneration.--Wages or other
remuneration earned in any calendar year shall not be subject
to State income tax withholding and reporting requirements
unless the employee is subject to income tax in such State
under subsection (a). Income tax withholding and reporting
requirements under subsection (a)(2) shall apply to wages or
other remuneration earned as of the commencement date of
employment duties in the State during the calendar year.
(c) Operating Rules.--For purposes of determining penalties
related to an employer's State income tax withholding and
reporting requirements--
(1) an employer may rely on an employee's annual
determination of the time expected to be spent by such
employee in the States in which the employee will perform
duties absent--
(A) the employer's actual knowledge of fraud by the
employee in making the determination; or
(B) collusion between the employer and the employee to
evade tax;
(2) except as provided in paragraph (3), if records are
maintained by an employer in the regular course of business
that record the location of an employee, such records shall
not preclude an employer's ability to rely on an employee's
determination under paragraph (1); and
(3) notwithstanding paragraph (2), if an employer, at its
sole discretion, maintains a time and attendance system that
tracks where the employee performs duties on a daily basis,
data from the time and attendance system shall be used
instead of the employee's determination under paragraph (1).
(d) Definitions and Special Rules.--For purposes of this
Act:
(1) Day.--
(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an employee is
considered present and performing employment duties within a
State for a day if the employee performs more of the
employee's employment duties within such State than in any
other State during a day.
(B) If an employee performs employment duties in a resident
State and in only one nonresident State during one day, such
employee shall be considered to have performed more of the
employee's employment duties in the nonresident State than in
the resident State for such day.
(C) For purposes of this paragraph, the portion of the day
during which the employee is in transit shall not be
considered in determining the location of an employee's
performance of employment duties.
(2) Employee.--The term ``employee'' has the same meaning
given to it by the State in which the employment duties are
performed, except that the term ``employee'' shall not
include a professional athlete, professional entertainer,
qualified production employee, or certain public figures.
(3) Professional athlete.--The term ``professional
athlete'' means a person who performs services in a
professional athletic event, provided that the wages or other
remuneration are paid to such person for performing services
in his or her capacity as a professional athlete.
(4) Professional entertainer.--The term ``professional
entertainer'' means a person of prominence who performs
services in the professional performing arts for wages or
other remuneration on a per-event basis, provided that the
wages or other remuneration are paid to such person for
performing services in his or her capacity as a professional
entertainer.
(5) Qualified production employee.--The term ``qualified
production employee'' means a person who performs production
services of any nature directly in connection with a State
qualified, certified or approved film, television or other
commercial video production for wages or other remuneration,
provided that the wages or other remuneration paid to such
person are qualified production costs or expenditures under
such State's qualified, certified or approved film incentive
program, and that such wages or other remuneration must be
subject to withholding under such film incentive program as a
condition to treating such wages or other remuneration as a
qualified production cost or expenditure.
(6) Certain public figures.--The term ``certain public
figures'' means persons of prominence who perform services
for wages or other remuneration on a per-event basis,
provided that the wages or other remuneration are paid to
such person for services provided at a discrete event, in the
nature of a speech, public appearance, or similar event.
(7) Employer.--The term ``employer'' has the meaning given
such term in section 3401(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986 (26 U.S.C. 3401(d)), unless such term is defined by the
State in which the employee's employment duties are
performed, in which case the State's definition shall
prevail.
(8) State.--The term ``State'' means any of the several
States.
(9) Time and attendance system.--The term ``time and
attendance system'' means a system in which--
(A) the employee is required on a contemporaneous basis to
record his work location for every day worked outside of the
State in which the employee's employment duties are primarily
performed; and
(B) the system is designed to allow the employer to
allocate the employee's wages for income tax purposes among
all States in which the employee performs employment duties
for such employer.
(10) Wages or other remuneration.--The term ``wages or
other remuneration'' may be limited by the State in which the
employment duties are performed.
SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE; APPLICABILITY.
(a) Effective Date.--This Act shall take effect on January
1 of the second calendar year that begins after the date of
the enactment of this Act.
(b) Applicability.--This Act shall not apply to any tax
obligation that accrues before the effective date of this
Act.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from
Virginia (Mr. Goodlatte) and the gentleman from New York (Mr. Nadler)
each will control 20 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Virginia.
General Leave
Mr. GOODLATTE. Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all
Members may have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend
their remarks and include extraneous materials on H.R. 1393, currently
under consideration.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the
gentleman from Virginia?
There was no objection.
Mr. GOODLATTE. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may
consume.
Madam Speaker, the Mobile Workforce State Income Tax Simplification
Act provides a clear, uniform framework for when States may tax
nonresident employees who travel to the taxing State to perform work.
In particular, this bill prevents States from imposing income tax
compliance burdens on nonresidents who work in a foreign State for 30
days or fewer in a year.
The State tax laws that determine when a nonresident must pay a
foreign State's income tax and when employers must withhold this tax
are numerous and varied. Some States tax income earned within their
borders by nonresidents even if the employee only works in the State
for just 1 day.
These complicated rules impact everyone who travels for work and many
industries. As just one example, the Judiciary Committee heard
testimony in 2015 that the patchwork of State laws resulted in a
manufacturing company issuing 50 W-2s to a single employee for a single
year. The company executive also noted, regarding the compliance
burden, that ``many of our affected employees make less than $50,000
per year and have limited resources to seek professional advice.''
States generally allow a credit for income taxes paid to another
State; however, it is not always dollar for dollar when local taxes are
factored in. Credits also do not relieve workers of substantial
paperwork burdens.
There are substantial burdens on employers as well. The committee
heard
[[Page H4948]]
testimony in 2014 that businesses, including small businesses, that
operate interstate are subject to significant regulatory burdens with
regard to compliance with nonresident State income tax withholding
laws. These burdens distract from productive activity and job creation.
Nevertheless, some object that the States will lose revenue if the
bill is enacted. However, an analysis from Ernst & Young found that the
bill's revenue impact is minimal. There is little motive for fraud and
gaming because the amount of money at issue, taxes on less than 30
days' wages, is minimal.
Also, the income tax generally has to be paid; the question is merely
to whom. Nor does this bill violate federalism principles. On the
contrary, it is an exercise of Congress' Commerce Clause authority in
precisely the situation for which it was intended.
The Supreme Court has explained that the Commerce Clause was informed
by structural concerns about the effects of State regulation on the
national economy. Under the Articles of Confederation, State taxes and
duties hindered and suppressed interstate commerce. The Framers
intended the Commerce Clause as a cure for these structural ills. This
bill fits squarely within this authority by bringing uniformity to
cases of de minimis presence by interstate workers in order to reduce
compliance costs.
Last year's version of the bill passed the House on suspension by
voice vote. This year's version is nearly identical, with two changes:
The professional entertainer exemption is narrowed from ``a person
who performs services'' to ``a person of prominence who performs
services'' in order to ensure that other entertainers retain the
benefit of the bill's protections.
Second, the list of exclusions is expanded to cover film production
employees if associated tax credits for instate productions are
contingent on withholding film production wages earned in the State.
This avoids disruption in such arrangements.
I commend the bill's lead sponsors, Representatives Bishop and
Johnson, and thank all of the bill's cosponsors.
Madam Speaker, I urge the bill's passage, and I reserve the balance
of my time.
Mr. NADLER. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Madam Speaker, I rise in opposition to H.R. 1393. This bill
represents a major assault on the sovereignty of the States, and it
does particular damage to my home State of New York, depriving it of
more than $100 million a year of its own tax revenue, which hardly fits
the de minimis description by the gentleman from Virginia.
The Mobile Workforce State Income Tax Simplification Act would
prohibit States from collecting income tax from an individual unless
the person works more than 30 days in that State in a calendar year.
Simplifying and harmonizing the rules on tax collection across the
country is a worthy goal, and I support efforts by the States and the
Multistate Tax Commission to resolve the issue. New York has been an
active participant in these negotiations and wants to reach a fair
solution. But imposing a solution on States, and one that would cause a
large financial burden on particular States, is clearly not the answer.
The power to tax is a key index of sovereignty; yet this legislation
would prohibit States from taxing activity solely within their own
borders except as prescribed in the bill. I think that is
constitutionally dubious. Although I take a broad view generally of the
Commerce Clause, I doubt it extends to authorizing Federal regulation
of a State's ability to tax a person doing business within that State's
own borders.
This bill is also deeply troubling as a matter of policy. Under this
legislation, if you work in a State of which you are not a resident for
fewer than 30 days, your income will not be subject to tax by that
State. That amounts to 6 weeks of 5-day workweeks. While a de minimis
exception may make some sense, I hardly think that 6 weeks is de
minimis.
Ultimately, the threshold for taxation is for each State to decide
for itself. If I were still a member of the New York Legislature, I
would consider the political and economic merits of taxing out-of-State
business activity, and I would vote based on what I thought was best
for my State. But by what right does Congress step in to tell New York
that it must forego more than $100 million a year based on economic
activity that occurs entirely within its borders?
In some States, the 30-day threshold may not have a great fiscal
impact. But New York State, for example, is home to New York City, the
Nation's center of commerce, which also sits right across the river
from New Jersey and a very short distance from Connecticut. This makes
New York a major destination for out-of-State business travelers and
makes it, by far, the hardest hit State under this bill. According to
the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance, losses could be
up to $120 million a year for New York.
{time} 1515
This enormous financial loss would come at a time that the President
and the Republican Congress are proposing to shift significant
responsibilities to the States, while simultaneously slashing Federal
assistance. If we further deprive New York of $120 million each year,
and limit its ability to tax activity occurring within its own borders,
vital services like education, law enforcement, and healthcare could
all be on the chopping block.
During consideration of H.R. 1393 in the Judiciary Committee, I
offered two amendments that would have mitigated its impact. The first
would have reduced the bill's 30-day threshold to a far more reasonable
14 days, which is still almost 3 weeks of work without being subject to
taxation. The other would have added highly paid individuals to the
bill's list of exemptions, which would help avoid loopholes that could
allow wealthy people to escape millions of dollars of taxation.
Had my amendments been accepted, the expected impact on New York
would have been reduced by as much as $85 million a year. While still
causing a significant drain on resources, these amendments would have
gone a long way to making the bill fairer, while still achieving its
underlying goals. Unfortunately, these amendments were defeated, and,
therefore, I must oppose the bill.
Madam Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. GOODLATTE. Madam Speaker, I yield myself 30 seconds to respond to
the gentleman from New York.
I would like to point out that those revenues that might flow to New
York because of their onerous system of imposing taxation for as little
as one day's work in New York redounds to the benefit of the other 49
States, who would then receive that tax benefit, as it properly should.
Madam Speaker, I yield such time as he may consume to the gentleman
from Michigan (Mr. Bishop), the lead sponsor of the legislation.
Mr. BISHOP of Michigan. Madam Speaker, I thank the chairman for
yielding.
I am grateful for this opportunity to speak on my bipartisan,
bicameral bill, H.R. 1393, the Mobile Workforce State Income Tax
Simplification Act.
Madam Speaker, the 10th Amendment gives States the freedom to set
their own public policy. It is important, however, that they do so in a
way that does not infringe upon the Commerce Clause of the United
States Constitution, which gives jurisdiction over interstate commerce
to Congress.
With our constitutional mandate in mind, at a time of rapid expansion
in our workforce and an increasingly global and mobile economy, it is
incumbent upon Congress to simplify and ease the complex burden that is
imposed on interstate commerce activity.
In my 25 years as an attorney and a small-business owner, I am
uniquely aware of the task of complying with the complexities of the
various State income taxes, especially when you travel to another State
for business.
The burden to comply is a particular burden to small businesses, as
well as their employees, because they simply do not have the resources
and cannot absorb the compliance costs. As a result, the current tax
framework puts smaller businesses, the very backbone of our economy, at
a substantial competitive disadvantage relative to larger businesses.
[[Page H4949]]
And complex reporting requirements punish the employees, too. The
time and overall expenses that result from filing all of this paperwork
is overwhelming, and, in many cases, financially devastating. It is all
because they had the audacity to work outside of their home State.
Rather than driving profits back into their businesses and community
by expanding payrolls and reducing the price of consumer goods,
businesses are being forced to spend their hard-earned, scarce
resources on complying with a menagerie of convoluted and ridiculous
State income tax laws.
While crafting this legislation in committee, we heard a lot of
anecdotal information and a lot of personal testimonials. In fact, we
heard firsthand testimony from an employee, indicating that his
employer had to file over 10,000 W-2s on behalf of their numerous
employees, primarily because they had crossed State lines for work. He
went on to tell us one of his coworkers had to file 50 W-2s--that is 50
W-2s--just for himself.
That didn't make sense to us, and it certainly doesn't make sense to
most Americans. Imagine an individual, making less than $50,000 a year,
having to file 10, 20, or even 50 W-2s. It is ridiculous, and it is
unacceptable.
Madam Speaker, I am an ardent defender of the United States
Constitution--in particular, the 10th Amendment--which delegates
authority not granted to the Federal Government, to the States.
That said, the Constitution gives plenary jurisdiction to Congress
relative to the regulation of interstate commerce, under Article I,
section 8. It is, therefore, as in this case, the constitutional
responsibility of Congress to identify and respond to an increasingly
mobile and global economy and relieve it of unnecessary burdensome
compliance requirements resulting from a patchwork of unique State
income tax laws.
And that is why many groups that advocate on behalf of States, such
as the American Legislative Exchange Council, agree with this
legislation, because H.R. 1393 is the type of simple and streamlined
interstate commerce regulation Congress should be enacting. In fact,
there are more than 300 outside organizations that have encouraged
support of this bill.
With the help of my colleague, Hank Johnson, on the other side of the
aisle, our Mobile Workforce State Income Tax Simplification Act is a
carefully crafted, bipartisan, and bicameral measure that streamlines
State income tax laws across the Nation.
It creates a uniform threshold, giving nonresidents 30 days to work
in another State without being liable for that State's income tax. This
simple and straightforward language ensures employees will have a clear
understanding of their tax liability, and it gives employers a clear
and consistent rule so that they can plan and accurately predict their
tax liability, knowing the same rule applies for all States with an
income tax.
It also means much less paperwork and reduced compliance costs for
both States and businesses and their employees.
The goal of H.R. 1393 is to protect our mobile workers, and that
includes traveling emergency workers and first responders; trade union
workers; nonprofit staff; teachers; Federal, State, and local
government employees; and much more. Any organization that has
employees who cross State lines for temporary periods will benefit from
this law.
I would also note that great care was taken with this bill to
diminish the impact on State revenues. You heard testimony earlier
relative to its impact on State governments. In fact, a 2015 study by
Ernst & Young found that H.R. 1393 would actually raise State income
tax revenues, while other States would only see a de minimis change.
With that said, I would like to take this time to thank all of the
members of the Mobile Workforce Coalition who support our bill;
Chairman Goodlatte and his world class staff for all of their work; my
57 colleagues who cosponsored this in the House; as well as Senator
Thune, Senator Brown, and nearly half of the United States Senate who
have cosponsored our companion bill.
Madam Speaker, as Congress continues to work on comprehensive tax
reform to jump start our economy and to provide relief for American
families and businesses, the Mobile Workforce State Income Tax
Simplification Act is a great start to streamline the Tax Code and roll
back unnecessary and costly administrative burdens.
With so much red tape interwoven in today's Tax Code, this bill is a
commonsense way to cut through the clutter and simplify part of the
filing process moving forward. Together, we can make our workforce the
priority and help our small businesses grow and prosper.
Madam Speaker, I strongly encourage my colleagues to support H.R.
1393.
Mr. NADLER. Madam Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from
Georgia (Mr. Johnson).
Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia. Madam Speaker, I thank Congressman Nadler for
yielding.
Madam Speaker, H.R. 1393, the Mobile Workforce State Income Tax
Simplification Act of 2017, is an important, bipartisan bill that will
help workers and small businesses across the country--large businesses,
also.
As the proud sponsor of this legislation in both the 110th and 111th
Congresses, I am very familiar with how hard legislators on both sides
of the aisle have worked since then to bring this bill to this point. I
want to thank the chairman of the Judiciary Committee, Congressman Bob
Goodlatte, for ushering this bill to the House to this point, and I ask
my colleagues to please vote in favor of this legislation.
H.R. 1393 would provide for a uniform and easily administrable law
that will simplify the patchwork of existing inconsistent and confusing
State rules. It would also reduce administrative costs to the States
and lessen compliance burdens on consumers.
Take my home State of Georgia as an example. If an Atlanta-based
employee of a St. Louis company travels to headquarters on a business
trip once a year, that employee would be subject to Missouri tax, even
if the annual visit only lasts for 1 day. However, if that employee
travels to Maine, her trip would only be subject to tax if her trip
lasts for 10 days. If she travels to New Mexico on business, she would
only be subject to tax if she was in the State for 15 days.
Acuity Brands is a leading Georgia-based lighting manufacturer that
employs over 1,000 associates and has over 3,200 associates nationwide
who travel extensively across the country for training, conferences,
and other business.
In a letter in support of a prior, nearly identical version of this
bill, Richard Reece, Acuity's executive vice president, writes that
current State laws are numerous, varied, and often changing, requiring
that the company expend significant resources merely interpreting and
satisfying States' requirements. He concludes that ``unified, clear
rules and definitions for nonresident reporting and withholding
obligations would undoubtedly improve compliance rates, and it would
strike the correct balance between State sovereignty and ensuring that
America's modern mobile workforce is not unduly encumbered.''
We should heed the concerns of Acuity, and numerous other businesses
across the country, by enacting H.R. 1393 into law.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman has expired.
Mr. NADLER. Madam Speaker, I yield the gentleman an additional 1
minute.
Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia. With over 57 cosponsors during this Congress,
it is clear that the Mobile Workforce State Income Tax Simplification
Act of 2017 is an idea whose time has come.
I thank my colleagues for their work on this bill and, in particular,
Congressman Bishop, for his leadership on this bill in the 115th
Congress. He has carried the torch for our esteemed former colleague,
the late Howard Coble, who passed this bill out of the House in the
112th Congress.
I also thank our staffs, who have worked tirelessly to build support
for this legislation along bipartisan lines.
This bill is a testament to the good that can come from working
across the aisle on bipartisan tax fairness reforms. I am optimistic
that the passage of H.R. 1393 augurs well for the passage of other e-
fairness legislation, which is critical to countless small businesses
across the country, during this Congress.
[[Page H4950]]
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman has again expired.
Mr. NADLER. Madam Speaker, I yield the gentleman an additional 30
seconds.
Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia. I urge my colleagues in the Senate to bring
this bill up for a vote soon. This country's employees and businesses
deserve quick action.
Mr. GOODLATTE. Madam Speaker, I am the only speaker remaining and
prepared to close, so I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. NADLER. Madam Speaker, how much time do I have remaining?
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from New York has 12 minutes
remaining.
Mr. NADLER. Madam Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time.
I want to quote from a letter from the president of the Federation of
Tax Administrators and commissioner of the Oklahoma Tax Commission
regarding this bill. She writes:
This bill breaches the core of the relationship between the
Federal Government and State governments, a relationship that
is fundamentally important to the voters of Virginia and of
Michigan. It is a clear example of the Federal Government
crossing a line that is seldom breached and, in this
instance, should not be. The attached resolution from the
State tax agencies, all of them, offers in detail to explain
the State's positions against the mobile workforce.
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Here are the three most compelling facts:
One, States have in place a combination of laws, rules, and
compliance standards that effectively eliminate an unfair
outcome when it comes to recordkeeping and taxation of wages
earned in a State by a nonresident;
Two, these approaches, which include model legislation
developed by the Multistate Tax Commission, take into account
information that is available to employers and de minimis
activities; and
Three, H.R. 1393 goes beyond what is necessary to ensure
fair outcomes and a reasonable reporting burden, in
particular, because the bill takes away the states' rights to
require proper wage reporting and withholding even when the
employer already has the information to easily do so. It
opens up opportunities for tax avoidance.
In closing, let me note that this legislation would not just harm New
York and not just to a de minimis amount--$100 million to $120 million
is hardly de minimis--but it would also have a similar effect on other
States. That is why this bill is opposed by a broad coalition of labor
and tax organizations, including the AFL-CIO, AFSCME, SEIU, the
International Union of Police Associations, Federation of Tax
Administrators, Multistate Tax Commission, and many others.
Whether or not your State is hurt financially by this bill, however,
all Members should be concerned by legislation that so brazenly strips
from a State one of the fundamental hallmarks of sovereignty: the
ability to tax economic activity that occurs entirely within its own
borders. If we can target New York and other States with this bill,
what is to say we won't come after your State next.
I must also add that this bill is one in a series of bills that we
have seen over the last few years that chip away at the revenue-raising
and taxing ability of the States. Especially as the current majority
and the current President seek to shift more responsibilities to the
States and away from the Federal Government, we should not be depriving
the States of their ability to raise revenues as they see fit within
their own sovereignty.
I urge my colleagues to vote against this misguided bill.
I yield back the balance of my time.
Mr. GOODLATTE. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my time.
This bill enjoys broad bipartisan support. It has 57 cosponsors from
both sides of the aisle. This bill will minimize compliance burdens on
both workers and employers so they can get back to being productive,
creating and performing jobs. We have received letters of support from
hundreds of entities across the employment spectrum.
But this bill is not just about business; it is about individuals.
One businessman told the Judiciary Committee that the compliance
burdens from the patchwork of State laws falls on his employees, who
make less than $50,000 per year and have limited resources to seek
professional advice.
It has been questioned whether there will be revenue lost to the
States. Analysis shows the impact is minimal, affecting mainly the
allocation of revenues, not the overall size of the tax revenue pot.
Similarly, concerns about tax evasion are unfounded. Unlike in the
general income tax context, there is little motive here for fraud or
gaming.
The amount of money at issue, taxes on less than 30 days' wages, is
minimal. More importantly, except in nine States, the employee will
have to pay the tax, in any event, to the employee's home State, so the
only savings would be from minor rate differentials between the two
jurisdictions.
This legislation is a great example of Congress working in a
bipartisan way to relieve burdens on hardworking Americans.
I want to thank the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Bishop) and the
gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Johnson) for their bipartisan work on this
legislation. I urge all of our colleagues to support the bill.
I yield back the balance of my time.
Mr. POE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of a common sense
bill, H.R. 1393 which would set a national standard of 30 days for
states to subject non-residents to income tax requirements within that
state.
Under current law, many of the 41 states with a broad based personal
income tax rate subject out of state residents to income tax in that
state on the first day they ``work'' in the state.
This patchwork of state laws have created a confusing and unworkable
nationwide system where individuals who travel to another state for a
conference or meeting can find themselves subject to income tax
requirements in a state where they only spent a few days.
In fact, these overburdensome requirements can create a scenario in
which a company of 7,000 employees who travel for domestic business may
have to file 10,500 W-2's over the course of a given year. This burden
can be even worse for a small business.
One small business, which operates several customer service centers
throughout the United States and has 600 employees working in 46
states, faces a significant burden trying to comply. Most of these 600
employees work out of one of the customer service centers, but 12
employees travel out of state to do a job occasionally. The manager of
this company has to spend 3 plus hours every week figuring out the tax
reporting requirements for these employees, even though most of them
only pay $30 to $100 a year into these different taxing authorities.
Is this really a good use of the time of a small business? Wouldn't
we rather have these individuals working to create jobs and grow our
economy then wasting time complying with the burdensome reporting
requirements for 42 different taxing authorities?
H.R. 1393 is a common sense solution to this problem. 30 days is a
fair baseline standard that can be applied nationwide. It allows U.S.
workers to travel and work around the country for a reasonable amount
of time without subjecting them to reporting requirements for taxation
in all of the jurisdictions in which they travel. If they stay longer
than 30 days in any particular state then the state is free to tax them
according to their own state laws.
With this new standard, American business will know what the rules of
the road are across the country and they can plan their business
accordingly.
I thank the Chairman for moving this important bill through the
committee, and urge your support.
Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in opposition to H.R. 1393,
the ``Mobile Workforce State Income Tax Simplification Act of 2017.''
I agree with the bill's sponsors that a uniform framework specifying
when an employer must withhold state income tax could help ensure
simplicity and be more administrable than the current varied state
standards. However the means by which H.R. 1393 achieves this result
would lead to significant state revenue losses and could actually
encourage income tax avoidance.
To begin with, rather than promoting uniformity, H.R. 1393 would have
a significant adverse impact on income tax revenues for certain states.
According to the Congressional Budget Office, for example, New York
could lose between $55 million and $120 million annually if this
measure was signed into law.
Other states that would be adversely impacted include Illinois,
Massachusetts, and California.
And, as a result of the lost revenues from non-resident taxpayers,
these states could be forced to make up their losses by shifting the
tax burden to resident taxpayers or levying new taxes.
And states may even have to cut governmental services, such as
funding for education and critical infrastructure improvements.
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Another problem with H.R. 1393 is that it essentially provides a
roadmap for state income tax liability avoidance.
By allowing an employer to rely on the employee's determination of
the time he or she is expected to spend working in another state during
the year, the bill prevents the employer from withholding an employee's
state income taxes to a non-resident state.
This would be the result even if the employer is aware that the
employee has been working in a state more than 30 days, as long as that
state cannot prove that the employee committed fraud in making his
annual determination and that the employer knew it.
Rather than proceeding with this flawed bill, the House should be
considering a fair and uniform framework to allow states to collect
taxes owed on remote sales.
By staying silent since the Supreme Court's 1992 Quill decision,
Congress has failed to ensure that states have the authority to collect
the sales and use tax on Internet purchases.
Placing brick and mortar businesses at a competitive disadvantage
hurts main street Americans and means fewer local jobs and fewer
opportunities.
Lost tax revenues mean that state and local governments will have
fewer resources to provide their residents essential services, such as
education and police and fire protection.
We owe it to our local communities, our local retailers, and state
and local governments to act this Congress.
I am disappointed that rather than moving the bipartisan eFairness
legislation that our communities need, we are considering H.R. 1393
instead.
Accordingly, I oppose H.R. 1393.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Collins of New York). The question is on
the motion offered by the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Goodlatte) that
the House suspend the rules and pass the bill, H.R. 1393.
The question was taken; and (two-thirds being in the affirmative) the
rules were suspended and the bill was passed.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.
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