[Congressional Record Volume 163, Number 37 (Thursday, March 2, 2017)]
[House]
[Pages H1524-H1526]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                 STATEHOOD FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the Speaker's announced policy of 
January 3, 2017, the gentlewoman from the District of Columbia (Ms. 
Norton) is recognized for 60 minutes as the designee of the minority 
leader.
  Ms. NORTON. Mr. Speaker, I come to the House this afternoon because a 
very significant event occurred yesterday in the Senate.
  The Mayor of the District of Columbia, the city council chair, a 
statehood representative, a statehood senator all came to the Capitol 
to deliver a petition from the residents of the District of Columbia. 
Residents voted 85 percent strong that the District of Columbia become 
the 51st State. At the same time, I introduced the bill to bring that 
about.
  This afternoon I want to discuss why the residents of this city would 
want to become a State. I find that Members of Congress are almost 
entirely ignorant of the status of the District of Columbia, and, 
frankly, I cannot really blame them.
  Members of Congress have no reason to be concerned about the District 
and its 670,000 residents. That is my concern. Candidly, I wish Members 
of Congress would not be concerned at all. There are a number of ways 
in which the Congress could leave the city alone.
  Statehood is, of course, the ultimate reason and way; and it is the 
only way that the residents of this city can become equal to the 
residents represented by my colleagues. This is indeed, as we come now 
full throttle into the 21st century, in the name of democracy and of 
American values, why statehood for the District of Columbia simply must 
come.
  On this House floor, the residents of the District of Columbia have 
no vote and, of course, they have no senators whatsoever.
  What do they give to their country?
  Let us begin with something very tangible. The residents of this city 
are number one per capita in the federal taxes they pay to support the 
United States of America. Let us translate that into a comparison to 
the taxes my colleagues pay. The residents of this city pay more in 
federal taxes than the residents of 22 States, and this city is not yet 
a State.
  When a matter comes to this floor, every Member can vote on that 
matter, even when that matter involves uniquely the District of 
Columbia--every Member can vote on that matter, except the Member who 
represents the District of Columbia.
  The Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, where the Member 
representing the District can vote, just voted to eliminate a District 
law. Imagine that. In the United States of America, the Congress of the 
United States, unaccountable to the residents of the city of 
Washington, D.C., on local matters can overturn a bill. They have done 
so in committee on an admittedly controversial bill.
  I don't expect every State and city to agree with the District of 
Columbia on matters affecting our city. The DC Death with Dignity bill 
would allow people to take their own lives with a drug in their 
possession administered by themselves. In order to do so, two doctors 
have to have found that the resident does not have more than six months 
to live, among other requirements.
  A third of those who choose this option in the United States never 
use the drug.
  How do I know that?
  Because six States already have death with dignity laws. That means 
24 Republican Members of this House represent States that have death 
with dignity laws yet the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform 
under Chairman Chaffetz just voted to keep the District from doing what 
six States already allow.
  This bill was introduced as a so-called disapproval resolution. Such 
a resolution requires an actual vote in the House and the Senate. It 
was introduced very late and taken up very late because I believe that 
the Oversight and Government Reform Committee and the Speaker of the 
House didn't want to bring that bill to the floor because there are six 
States that have precisely this kind of law and because there are 24 
Republican Members who would be implicated and would be caught in a 
matter of supreme hypocrisy if they voted against the very same bill 
for the District of Columbia.
  Yesterday, the Mayor of the city, Mayor Muriel Bowser, and council 
chair Philip Mendelson came to the Senate, who hosted us, to deliver a 
petition to become the 51st State. This is a procedure that is allowed 
under our Constitution.
  It is a procedure that was used in Tennessee where all the 
prerequisites for statehood have to be fulfilled, the boundaries, et 
cetera; and you simply present a petition. That is how Tennessee and a 
number of other States became States.
  I am very grateful to Senator Tom Carper for hosting us in the Senate 
where we have no representation. Senator Carper of Delaware is a 
champion of statehood. He has introduced this bill for years now and 
did so again in the Senate.
  It is not unusual for Democrats in the Senate to support D.C. 
statehood. The four top Democratic leaders are among those who 
cosponsored the bill last year. I expect that to be the same this year 
because Senator Tom Carper introduced the bill in the Senate yesterday, 
even as I introduced the bill in the House at the same time.
  I want to just say, once again, how faithful and true to his own 
principles Senator Carper has been in supporting D.C. statehood and 
stepping out front to introduce the bill.
  You might ask: What chance, with a Republican House, Senate, and 
President, do you have of getting D.C. statehood? Why would you bother?
  No matter who sat in the White House today--and Hillary Clinton was a 
strong champion of statehood--we are about where we would have been. 
The work really isn't in the Presidency. The work is in the Congress 
and, even more so, in the District of Columbia.
  The District of Columbia has to itself get this shameful record out 
of having residents who have served in every war, including the war 
that created the United States of America, paying taxes beyond those 
paid by other residents. This is on us, and we recognize it.
  I think you will see a social media campaign informing the American 
people of what they do not now know because they wouldn't tolerate it 
if they did.

                              {time}  1230

  It was very difficult, until the age of social media, to get such 
word out without a massive advertising campaign. All we need to do now 
is use the existing social media, and I think we can change this 
shameful situation.
  I am very encouraged by what has happened. Yesterday, 60 Democrats 
joined me as original cosponsors. An original cosponsor is a Member who 
stands with the sponsor on equal footing to introduce the bill. That 
already beats the record we set for last year when we had 93 original 
cosponsors in the 114th Congress. By the end of that Congress, 72 
percent of House Democrats were cosponsors of the bill, and we could 
have gotten many more than that but for the logistics and the timing 
involved.
  Our goal is to improve our chances for statehood every year; one way 
to do that is to get more cosponsors every year, and we are meeting 
that goal.
  Why are we pursuing statehood? It is not out of hubris. It is not 
that we want to be like Delaware and New York. It is because it is the 
only way to become full and equal citizens of the United States, and 
because we have tried everything else.
  Without statehood, Members will continue to bring our matters to the 
House floor for unaccountable Members to vote on them. Without 
statehood, we won't have the right to vote on this House floor. We 
won't have the right to vote in the Senate.
  We have tried short of statehood. I pay tribute to former 
Representative Tom Davis, who, in the majority, sponsored a bill with 
me to get a House vote, only a House vote for the District of Columbia. 
This was a very important effort strongly supported by the residents of 
the District of Columbia to say: look, you don't give us statehood, let 
us get there gradually, give us the House vote.

[[Page H1525]]

  Tom Davis saw that Utah did not have the House vote because their 
missionaries were not counted by the census, and they had expected an 
additional House Representative. The Governor of the State and the 
State legislature supported the action and most States have used 
similar bipartisan action to come into the Union.
  This, of course, would have been only a House vote; one for very 
Republican Utah, one for Democratic D.C. This bill was passed in the 
House--thank you, Utah--and was passed in the Senate.
  And the only reason the District of Columbia does not have a vote, as 
I speak, is because the National Rifle Association was able to place an 
amendment on the bill that, in the event D.C. got a vote, would have 
eliminated all of our gun laws, each and every one. A big city without 
gun laws, of course, is open territory, and we were left with the 
woeful and shameful option of giving up our vote, a vote we could have 
had.
  We also have tried, short of statehood, to get budget autonomy.
  Imagine bringing our budget, raised in the District of Columbia, $7 
billion, and asking Members who don't know anything about it to vote on 
it. That is what the residents of the District of Columbia have to do.
  I pay tribute to the former Republican chairman of the House 
committee of jurisdiction, Oversight and Government Reform, Darrell 
Issa, who held a hearing when he chaired the committee on D.C.'s local 
matters, including its local budget.
  Upon hearing the testimony about this district's financial 
conditions, its reserves, its growth among the best of the Nation, upon 
hearing in testimony from the Mayor, the city council, the chief 
financial officer, despite meeting those marks, then-Chairman Darrell 
Issa supported budget autonomy for the District of Columbia, and worked 
tirelessly for this goal during his chairmanship of the Oversight and 
Government Reform Committee.
  So I am not here to say that there is no sense of a necessity to have 
something done, as you see that in former Chairman Darrell Issa's 
actions.
  For that matter, Chairman Jason Chaffetz, last week, called for the 
District of Columbia to be made a part of Maryland in order that it 
would get Senators and Representatives. He wasn't joking. He wasn't 
making fun of us.
  There has long been a small group of Republicans who acknowledge the 
shame of having almost 700,000 Americans without representation in the 
House and the Senate. And one of the easier ways to get it, they think, 
is to retrocede, that is the word, because the District was created out 
of Maryland and Virginia. Virginia itself cast off, the District of 
Columbia because it was afraid Congress would abolish slavery. So the 
notion is, go back to Maryland.
  My first notion or response is: Have you asked Maryland? In other 
words, you don't decide to reconfigure a State with a big city, and 
Maryland has only one big city, because you are fulfilling one value 
without fulfilling the other value, which is to make sure you have the 
permission of that State.
  Now, Maryland has been a very friendly State to the District of 
Columbia. But the District is not asking Maryland to become a part of 
its State. We want to become the 51st State of the United States of 
America, and it would probably be easier to do that than to become a 
part of Maryland.
  Now, we also are not insisting that there is nothing else that will 
do. We have asked for legislative autonomy.
  Why should our legislation have to lay over here for 30 days, or 60 
days? They must be legislative days, so that often means 6 months, 9 
months, to give the Congress time to see whether the Congress wants to 
overturn legislation it had nothing to do with and knows nothing about.
  The fact is that the legislative autonomy provision is virtually 
never used. Instead, the Congress tries to add amendments to the 
District's budget, a sneaky, easy way, they think, to overturn a law. 
So they keep legislative autonomy on the books inconveniencing the 
District and never use it.
  They fear budget autonomy because they wouldn't have anything to 
attach matters to like overturning our gun laws. They regularly try to 
do that on appropriations.

  So what you have is a kind of invitation for Members to interfere 
with somebody else's district, my district, instead of attending to 
your own business. People did not send my colleagues here to attend to 
the business of the District of Columbia, and we intend to call them 
out every time they interfere.
  So, yes, we are struggling for the components of statehood, even 
before we achieve statehood, knowing how difficult and what a high 
climb that is.
  Madam Speaker, could I inquire how much time I have remaining.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Ms. Tenney). The gentlewoman from the 
District of Columbia has 11 minutes remaining.
  Ms. NORTON. Madam Speaker, if there is such a thing as earning 
statehood, and of course there is not, let me indicate the ways in 
which the District of Columbia has, indeed, earned statehood.
  Our economy is one of the strongest in the United States. It is a 
$12.5 billion budget total. That is a budget larger than 12 States 
represented in this House by my colleagues.
  How many of my colleagues can boast a $2 billion surplus the way the 
District of Columbia can? That would be, of course, the envy of most 
States.
  Our city has a per capita income higher than that of any State. We 
are not asking for any handouts. Our total personal income is higher 
than that of seven States. Our per capita personal consumption 
expenditures are higher than those of any States.
  This is a prosperous district, that would bring luster to the United 
States as the 51st State. Its growth rate is third highest in the 
Nation; 1,000 new people coming to live in the Nation's Capital every 
single month.
  As to our population, the population of the District of Columbia, is 
in the league with the population of seven States. We have a greater 
population than Vermont and Wyoming.
  And, if you look at the seven States that have one Representative, as 
the District of Columbia does, then you will see that we are all about 
the same. Yet, those seven States that are about the same in population 
as the District of Columbia, each has one Representative and two 
Senators, while we are unrepresented in the Senate of the United 
States.
  I don't even want to speak, but I must, about perhaps the most 
poignant reason why the District should have statehood. The residents 
of this city have fought and died in every war, including the war that 
created our country itself.
  I remember coming to the floor on those occasions where we have voted 
whether or not to go to war, and on each of those occasions, residents 
of the District of Columbia have gone. I remember the purple fingers in 
Iraq and Afghanistan that signified that our country had given them the 
vote, while the very members of the armed services from the District of 
Columbia who had served came back to the District of Columbia without a 
vote themselves.
  Is that an irony that this body can even stand any longer? Fought and 
died in all the great wars of the 20th century, and we remember 
especially Vietnam, when there were more District of Columbia 
casualties than from 10 States of the Union.
  I don't want to go into the technicalities of congressional power, 
but Congress has the authority to make our city a State because of its 
Article IV, section 3 power to admit new States to the Union. When you 
combine that with Congress' Article I, section 8, clause 17 power over 
the seat of the Federal Government, which is what the District is, it 
is an accident, an accident of history that the District does not have 
the same votes as other Americans.

                              {time}  1245

  It is a slander to think that those who went to war on the slogan of 
``no taxation without representation'' would leave any residents of our 
city without representation.
  There was a march by Revolutionary War veterans when the Capitol was 
in Philadelphia that frightened, frankly, the Framers. So they thought: 
Well, you can't have a separate State, and it can't be part of a State, 
and we don't know what to do, so let's just make it a district. But 
they never believed that it would be a district without any rights, and 
that is exactly what it became.

[[Page H1526]]

  Indeed, the District was carved out of Maryland and Virginia, but for 
the 10-year period of transition the citizens of the new district did 
not lose the votes in the Senate and the House. Only in 1801, when the 
District became the Nation's Capital under the Congress of the United 
States did we lose Senate representation and representation in the 
House.
  Enormous change has occurred in our city in the 216 years since we 
became the Capital. I am a third-generation Washingtonian. My great-
grandfather was a runaway slave from Virginia, so my own family has 
seen 150 years of those changes. This is no longer a sleepy Southern 
city where I went to segregated schools--segregated by the Congress of 
the United States, indeed, because it had the sole authority to do it. 
In fact, today, it is one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the United 
States, a city that people are flocking to for residence.
  Everything about the District of Columbia has changed except its 
status and the status of its residents as second class citizens in 
their own country. We are sick and tired of being voyeurs of democracy. 
That is why the District of Columbia gave itself budget autonomy, 
although the Congress did appropriate a budget. Thank you for nothing. 
That is why the city voted 85 percent for statehood for itself. The 
citizens of the District are simply not going to sit still with the 
status quo. They are not going to sit on their second class 
citizenship.
  So I come to the floor after we have brought our petition to the 
Congress to become the 51st State. I come to the floor the day after I 
have introduced the bill to put the Congress on notice: Be ready. Be 
ready for a campaign by the residents of the District of Columbia and 
our allies throughout the United States to be treated fairly, or as 
Frederick Douglass said, ``not as aliens.''
  We can decide to get rid of this anomaly as we have so many others 
that deprived citizens of the right to vote, whether they were slaves 
or women. We have gotten rid of those. Statehood does not require a 
constitutional amendment. All it takes is the conscience of the House 
of Representatives and the Senate of the United States.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.

                          ____________________