[Congressional Record Volume 161, Number 182 (Tuesday, December 15, 2015)]
[Senate]
[Pages S8672-S8674]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                      NUCLEAR AGREEMENT WITH IRAN

  Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, I rise today to revisit an issue that 
some in this body I am sure, no doubt, would probably not want to 
revisit. My intention is not to cause any of my colleagues discomfort, 
but this is an issue--and the Presiding Officer knows more than most--
that needs to be discussed, and the Presiding Officer has done a great 
job of discussing it. I think it has become pretty clear to most 
Americans and many Members of this body that this body made a mistake a 
few months back, a mistake with significant consequences for our 
security, for the security of the Middle East, and certainly a mistake 
as it relates to some of our own American citizens. For the first time 
in U.S. history on a national security agreement of major importance, 
the mistake that was made was the Congress of the United States moved 
forward to approve an agreement not on the basis of a bipartisan 
majority, which is the history of this country, but on the basis of a 
partisan minority in both Houses. Of course, I am talking about 
President Obama's Iranian nuclear deal that will very soon--as early as 
next month, according to the terms of the agreement--be sending tens of 
billions of dollars to the biggest sponsor of terrorism in the world.
  There are many things that are going on in this body right now. We 
are looking at the spending bills, and there is a lot of concern about 
terrorism. As a matter of fact, polling is showing that right now 
terrorism is ranking as the highest concern for Americans--higher even 
than the economy--given the attacks in California and what is happening 
with ISIS.
  Amidst all of these challenges, however, the implementation of the 
Obama administration's nuclear deal with Iran is looming on the horizon 
and is not being talked about enough in this body. It is critical that 
we keep our eye on Iran--still the world's largest state sponsor of 
terrorism--particularly now. Why is it so critical now? Because, as I 
noted, as early as next month, in January, tens of billions of dollars 
of sanctions relief will be pouring into the country of Iran according 
to the terms of the agreement.
  I commend my colleague from New Jersey, Senator Menendez. I was 
presiding last week in the Senate, and once again he gave another 
outstanding speech on American foreign policy, on American national 
security, on what is going on with Iran, what is going on with their 
activities destabilizing the Middle East, what is going on with their 
activities which are as we speak violating the Iran U.N. Security 
Council resolutions.
  Yes, I know we debated this issue for a long time on the Senate 
floor, and I am sure some of my colleagues who voted on this deal are 
done and they don't want to talk about it anymore.
  Mr. President, if you recall, one of the arguments to support this 
deal, one of the arguments the President was making was that--we were 
told this deal would change Iran's behavior. President Obama stated 
that the deal ``demonstrates that if Iran complies with its 
international obligations, then it can fully rejoin the community of 
nations.'' The words of the text of the agreement even state that the 
United States is ``expressing its desire to build a new relationship 
with Iran.'' And, of course, Secretary Kerry, in hearings and in 
private briefings with the Senate, noted that he thought--and you saw 
his actions--that the agreement would establish a much more positive 
and constructive relationship between Iran and the United States. So 
that was one of the arguments for the deal we voted on. How is that 
working out? Well, I think we have gotten a new relationship with Iran, 
all right, but it is worse than the old one.
  Since the signing of the Iranian deal, Iran has taken deliberative 
steps, definitive steps that continue to undermine the security 
interests of the United States and our allies and those of our citizens 
in almost every region,

[[Page S8673]]

in almost every realm. Every action the Iranians have taken has seemed 
to want to increase tension between us, Iran, and some of our allies.
  I wish to provide some examples. Almost as soon as the ink was dry on 
this agreement, the Iran regime and its leaders continued doing what 
they typically do: chanting ``Death to America.'' And more 
specifically, the Ayatollah Khamenei predicted that the Zionist 
regime--of course he is referring to Israel--will be ``nothing'' in 25 
years. It is another one of his references to wiping Israel off the 
map--after the agreement. Then he stated, of the 25-year period, 
``Until then, struggling, heroic, and jihadi morale will leave no 
moment of serenity for the Zionists.'' That is the leader of the 
country we did this deal with--after we signed the agreement. So it is 
still certainly provocative in that regard.
  How about its funding of Hezbollah, one of its terrorist proxies 
around the world? It is still full speed ahead. There are estimates of 
up to $200 million a year. That continues after the signing.
  How about abiding by U.N. Security Council resolutions, such as the 
one that prevents the Quds Force commander, General Soleimani, from 
traveling? Well, we know that was violated. As a matter of fact, 
Soleimani went to Moscow to meet with Putin to discuss arms transfers, 
likely in violation of the U.N. Security Council resolution--the 
resolution that bans conventional weapons from being imported to Iran. 
So that was another violation, and they are likely planning another 
one.
  Let me remind this body about the Quds Force commander. This is what 
former U.S. Army Chief of Staff GEN Ray Odierno said about him:

       Qassem Soleimani is the one who has been exporting malign 
     activities throughout the Middle East for some time now. He's 
     absolutely responsible for killing many Americans. In fact, I 
     would say the last two years I was there the majority of our 
     casualties came from his surrogates, not Sunni or al Qaeda.

  This is the person who is negotiating with Putin to trade arms--
likely in violation of another U.N. Security Council resolution.
  What about his troops? Well, we have seen an increase of Iranian 
troops in Syria. General Dunford, the current Chairman of the Joint 
Chiefs of Staff, predicted that there are about 2,000 troops in Syria 
helping to lead the fight to save Assad and working with the Russians 
to do that.
  How about Iran's compliance with U.N. Security Council Resolution 
1929, which bans its ballistic missile program? Remember that issue? We 
debated that issue on the floor. General Dempsey, the Chairman of the 
Joint Chiefs, said that under no circumstances should we agree to 
lifting that ban, but we did in the deal. Now we are learning that Iran 
has tested not one but two ballistic missiles on October 11 and 
November 21 in likely--almost certain--violation of U.N. Security 
Council Resolution 1929. In my view, that is a violation of the Iran 
agreement.
  This is what our Ambassador to the U.N. stated. She said that the 
missiles Iran tested only months after we passed the agreement are 
``inherently capable of delivering a nuclear weapon.'' So they are 
testing missiles with that capability. This should concern all 
Americans. What should really concern all Americans right now is that 
despite Ambassador Power's statement, it appears the Obama 
administration is looking to do nothing on this violation of the U.N. 
Security Council resolution.
  This is how my colleague from Tennessee, the chairman of the Foreign 
Relations Committee, Bob Corker, put it:

       Iran violates U.N. Security Council resolutions because it 
     knows neither this administration nor the U.N. Security 
     Council is likely to take any action. Instead, the 
     administration remains paralyzed and responds to Iran's 
     violations with empty words, with condemnation, and concern.

  As I mentioned, last week my colleague from New Jersey, Senator 
Menendez, gave an outstanding speech on this issue on December 8, and 
he noted--similar to Senator Corker--that the Obama administration's 
reaction has been muted, almost one of silence.
  Mr. President, there is more. A report from the International Atomic 
Energy Agency, which we were all anticipating, just recently came out 
and stated that Iran pursued nuclear weapons in secret until 2009--
longer than previously believed. So the country we are doing this deal 
with, at least according to the IAEA, has been lying to the world.
  Iran has been caught lying and cheating. It is testing ballistic 
missiles against the U.N. Security Council Resolution 1929 and others; 
it is still funding global terrorism; it is sending thousands of troops 
to Syria to prop up Assad; it has sent the man with the blood of 
thousands of American soldiers on his hands to Russia to talk about 
arms trading, in likely further violation of U.N. Security Council 
resolutions; and, of course, it is still chanting ``Death to America'' 
and talking about wiping Israel off the face of the Earth--all since 
the Obama administration signed the Iranian nuclear agreement.
  There is one more outrage, perhaps the worst one, in my view. In a 
direct affront to the United States and our citizens, Iran is still 
holding five Americans against their will in that country. Think about 
that. Many of us who closely watched the negotiations thought surely, 
surely Secretary Kerry--who had enormous leverage; the entire world was 
aligned against Iran--would surely use that leverage to get our 
citizens free, or maybe if he wasn't going to do it as part of the 
deal, there would be some kind of side agreement after the signing that 
they would be quietly released. But, like everything else since the 
signing of this agreement, the American hostage situation in Iran has 
actually gotten worse.
  I wish to read the names and describe a little bit about the 
Americans who are currently being held in Iran.
  Amir Hekmati of Michigan, a U.S. marine, was detained in Iran in 2011 
while visiting Iranian relatives and was sentenced to 10 years in 
prison for espionage--a U.S. marine who proudly served his country. I 
am a marine. We don't leave our fellow marines on the battlefield, but 
evidently the Obama administration has not learned that lesson.
  Saeed Abedini of Idaho, a Christian pastor, was detained in Iran in 
2012 and sentenced to 8 years in prison on charges related to his 
religious beliefs. Again, an American is languishing in Iranian jail 
right now, a pastor.
  Robert Levinson of Florida, a former official of the FBI, disappeared 
in 2007. Iran's leaders denied knowledge of Levinson's whereabouts or 
any involvement in his disappearance.
  Most recently, Siamak Namazi, a Dubai-based businessman, was arrested 
after the signing of this Iranian nuclear deal--after the signing--was 
arrested by the Iranian Government while visiting relatives in 
Iran. Right now, any charges against him are unknown. That happened on 
October 15.

  Of course, Jason Rezaian of California--a journalist for the 
Washington Post, who was credentialed as a journalist by the Government 
of Iran--has been detained for over 500 days and recently--again, after 
the signing of the agreement with President Obama--was sentenced to an 
undisclosed prison for an undisclosed term for espionage.
  That is five Americans right now. I don't have to remind my 
colleagues that it is the holiday season. It is a time for families and 
loved ones to come together, to be with each other. But what about the 
families of these Americans? Who is thinking about them?
  Secretary Kerry and President Obama should be on the phone every day 
working for their release, but that is clearly not happening. As the 
Washington Post editorial board put it recently:

       Iran appears content to allow Mr. Rezaian and the other 
     Americans to rot in prison indefinitely, even as the regime 
     collects more than $100 billion in sanctions relief and is 
     granted the role it has long sought as a regional power. That 
     should not be an acceptable outcome.

  That is the Washington Post. That is the Washington Post editorial--
``That should not be an acceptable outcome.'' No, it shouldn't. It 
should not.
  All of this begs some very obvious questions. Given Iran's consistent 
provocative actions against U.S. interests and our citizens since the 
signing of the Iran deal and given that one of the promises of the 
deal--better relations with Iran, more constructive behavior from 
Iran--has proven to be utterly

[[Page S8674]]

false, why in the world are we moving full steam ahead with the lifting 
of sanctions as early as next month? Think about that. Why indeed are 
we getting ready to release tens of billions of dollars to the world's 
biggest sponsor of state terrorism when we know the additional money 
will only embolden Iran? Just think how they are acting now. When they 
have tens of billions of dollars to further their terrorist activities, 
it will embolden them to act in even more nefarious ways against our 
interests and those of our allies and, most importantly, those of 
American citizens.
  Another question: Why aren't the President and Secretary Kerry at a 
minimum telling the Iranians they won't see one dime--one dime--of the 
billions and billions of dollars we are set to hand over to the 
Iranians until all five Americans are released from prison? Why aren't 
we using that leverage? That leverage is going to go away as soon as we 
release that money.
  Why are we getting ready to release tens of billions of dollars to 
Iran when it is clear they are going to simply violate this agreement? 
That is not just my view. Former Senator and Secretary of State Hillary 
Clinton was quoted as saying just last week that it is not if, but 
when, Iran will violate President Obama's nuclear agreement.
  Just last week she stated: ``They are going to violate it.'' Former 
Senator, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton knows a little about 
the issue. She helped negotiate it. ``They are going to violate it,'' 
she said. ``They are going to violate it, they are going to be 
provocative about it, and we need to respond quickly and very 
harshly.'' That is the former Secretary of State.
  Well, I agree with the former Secretary of State--the Iranians are 
going to violate this agreement. In fact, it is very likely the 
Iranians have already violated this agreement with their U.N. Security 
Council resolution violations.
  So what should we do?
  First, for any Americans listening, watching, who care about this 
issue, I urge you to call the President, call the Secretary of State, 
call the White House, call the State Department. Tell them something 
that I believe the vast, vast majority of Americans agree with: Our 
government should not be relieving Iran of any sanctions while it 
continues to illegally hold five Americans hostage. We should demand of 
our President that he should not allow tens of billions of dollars to 
flood into the biggest terrorist regime in the world while our citizens 
languish in Iranian jails. This is simple, and it is just wrong.
  We need to light up the switchboard. Let President Obama know. Here 
is the number to the White House switchboard: (202) 456-1414. Call the 
President and tell him you think it is fundamentally wrong to let five 
Americans languish in prison while we are getting ready to send the 
biggest terrorist regime in the world tens of billions of dollars.
  Call John Kerry. Here is the number to the State Department 
switchboard: (202) 647-4000. Tell him: Mr. Secretary, get on the phone. 
Release these prisoners; release our citizens or don't give Iran any of 
the billions of dollars they think they are going to get next month.
  Second, I agreed with my colleague Senator Menendez when he gave his 
speech last week that we need to keep the leverage against Iran by 
tightening the full range of sanctions available to us to penalize Iran 
for violating U.N. Security Council resolutions, as they have done 
within the last month. In his speech he also said we need to 
reauthorize the Iran Sanctions Act. I agree with him, and this body 
should take action to do just that.
  Finally, I am working to get support for a simple bill that would 
prevent the President from lifting sanctions until Iran is no longer 
designated a state sponsor of terrorism and until Iran releases our 
five citizens who are languishing in their jails.
  With all due respect to my colleagues who voted for this agreement, I 
believe this body made an enormous mistake by allowing the President's 
nuclear agreement to move forward. Iran's actions since the signing of 
this agreement--day after day, against the interests of the United 
States and our citizens--have made this 100 percent clear.
  This mistake can be undone. We don't have to allow Iran access to 
tens of billions of dollars in sanctions relief while they continue to 
destabilize the Middle East, while they continue their robust expansive 
terrorist activities throughout the world. And we certainly--and this 
is a message for the President of the United States and the Secretary 
of State. We certainly don't have to allow them the tens of billions of 
dollars while Iran retains and detains Americans on trumped-up charges 
in Iranian jails, with no prospect for release. As the Washington Post 
put it, ``That should not be an acceptable outcome.''
  Mr. President, I yield the floor.

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