[Congressional Record Volume 161, Number 122 (Thursday, July 30, 2015)]
[Senate]
[Pages S6189-S6191]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS
By Mr. KAINE:
S. 1900. A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to allow
the Secretary of Education to award job training Federal Pell Grants;
to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, by 2020, it is estimated that 65 percent of
all jobs will require at least some form of postsecondary education and
training. The National Skills Coalition estimates that nearly half of
all job openings between now and 2022 will be middle skill jobs that
require education beyond high school, but not a 4-year degree. While
the number of students pursuing postsecondary education is growing, the
supply of skilled workers still falls short of industry demand.
According to one estimate, the U.S. faces a shortfall of as many as 4.7
million new workers with postsecondary certificates by the year 2018
and according to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 3.7 million U.S. jobs
are currently vacant because of a shortage of qualified workers.
Our current Federal higher education policy could be improved to help
solve this problem. Pell Grants--the primary form of Federal tuition
assistance for low-income and working students--can only be awarded
towards programs that are over 600 clock hours or at least 15 weeks in
length. These grants cannot be used to support many of the short-term
occupational training programs at community and technical colleges and
other institutions that provide skills and credentials employers need
and recognize. When it comes to higher education, Federal policies need
to support the demands of the changing labor market and support
alternate career pathways that align with industry demand. According
the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce,
shorter-term educational investments pay off--the average postsecondary
certificate holder has 20 percent higher lifetime earnings than
individuals with only a high school diploma.
I am pleased to introduce the Jumpstart Our Businesses by Supporting
Students or JOBS Act. The JOBS Act would amend the Higher Education Act
by expanding Pell Grant eligibility to students enrolled in short-term
skills and job training programs that lead to industry-based
credentials and ultimately employment in in-demand industry sectors or
careers. Since job training programs are shorter and less costly, Pell
Grant awards would be half of the current discretionary Pell amount.
The legislation defines eligible job training programs as those
providing career and technical education instruction at an institution
that provides at least 150 clock hours of instruction time over a
period of at least 8 weeks and that provides training that meets the
needs of the local or regional workforce. These programs must also
provide students with licenses, certifications, or credentials that
meet the hiring requirements of multiple employers in the field for
which the job training is offered.
The JOBS Act also ensures that students who receive Pell Grants are
earning high-quality postsecondary credentials by requiring that the
credentials meet the standards under the Workforce Innovation and
Opportunity Act, are recognized by employers, industry, or sector
partnerships, and align with the skill needs of industries in the
States or local economies.
We need to make sure that Federal student aid supports the demand of
a 21st century economy. As Congress works to reauthorize the Higher
Education Act, I hope that my colleagues ensure that Pell Grants are
accessible for individuals participating in high-quality, short-term
occupational training programs that are leading to industry-recognized
credentials and certificates.
______
By Mr. REED:
S. 1902. A bill to provide for the treatment and extension of
temporary financing of short-time compensation programs; to the
Committee on Finance.
Mr. REED. Mr. President, today I am introducing the Layoff Prevention
Extension Act. This bill would extend the financing and grant
provisions for the successful work sharing legislation I authored and
worked to include in the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act
of 2012.
The concept of work sharing is simple. It helps people who are
currently employed, but in danger of being laid off, to keep their
jobs. By giving struggling companies the flexibility to reduce hours
instead of their workforce, work sharing programs prevent layoffs and
help employers save money on rehiring costs. Employees who participate
in work sharing keep their jobs and receive a portion of unemployment
insurance benefits to make up for lost wages.
Since becoming law, work sharing has helped save over 110,000 jobs,
including 1,200 jobs in my State of Rhode Island, according to
estimates from the Department of Labor. And it has saved States $225
million by reimbursing them for work sharing benefits they paid out to
workers--benefits that helped keep people on the job.
Before my bill became law in 2012, only a handful of States had work
sharing programs. Now, these programs enjoy broad bipartisan support
and have been established in 29 States and the District of Columbia.
However, the $100 million in implementation grants expired at the end
of 2014, and the 100 percent Federal financing of these work sharing
benefits will expire next month.
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The legislation I am introducing today would extend these deadlines
by 2 years so that states with existing work sharing programs, and
those that are looking to enact a program, can qualify for Federal
support.
I urge my colleagues to join me in supporting passage of this bill to
keep American workers on the job, save taxpayers money, and provide
employers with a practical, positive, and cost-effective alternative to
layoffs.
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By Ms. COLLINS (for herself and Mr. Coons):
S. 1911. A bill to implement policies to end preventable maternal,
newborn, and child deaths globally; to the Committee on Foreign
Relations.
Ms. COLLINS. Mr. President, today I am very pleased to be joined by
my colleague from Delaware, Senator Chris Coons, in introducing the
Reach Every Mother and Child Act of 2015. The purpose of our bill is to
improve the health and well-being of women and children in developing
countries. Every day approximately 800 women will die from preventable
causes related to pregnancy and childbirth.
In addition, more than 17,000 children under the age of 5 will die
each day of treatable conditions such as prematurity, pneumonia, and
diarrhea, with malnutrition being the underlying cause in nearly half
those deaths. While progress has been made in improving the health of
mothers and their children, it is a tragedy that so many preventable
deaths still occur, especially given that there are many effective and
established lifesaving maternal and child health protocols and
policies.
These lifesaving interventions include clean birthing practices,
vaccines, nutritional supplements, hand washing with soap, and other
basic needs that remain elusive for far too many women and children in
developing countries.
Our legislation would strengthen the American government's commitment
to ending preventable deaths of mothers, newborns, and young children
in the developing world. There are simple, proven, cost-effective
interventions which we know will work if we can reach the mothers and
children who need them to survive. Our bill will also allow us to
leverage greater investments from other parties, especially the private
sector, partner governments, private foundations, and multinational
organizations.
According to USAID, a concentrated effort could end preventable
maternal and child deaths worldwide by the year 2035. However, U.S.
leadership and support of the international community are critical to
meeting this goal.
The U.S. Agency for International Development--USAID--has set an
ambitious interim goal of preventing the deaths of 15 million children
and 600,000 women in the next 5 years to ensure steadfast progress
toward the ultimate goal. Due in part to American leadership and
generosity, many lives have already been saved. Since 1990 the annual
number of deaths of children under the age of 5 has been cut in half.
Nevertheless, far too many mothers, newborns, and young children under
the age of 5 still succumb to disease and malnutrition that could
easily be prevented. The deployment of interventions that have proved
to be successful must be accelerated.
Our bill would require the administration to develop a 10-year
strategy to achieve the goal of preventing these deaths by the year
2035. Our bill would charge USAID with meeting that goal.
One provision of our bill would establish a maternal and child
survival coordinator at USAID who would focus on implementing the 10-
year strategy and verifying that the most effective interventions are
scaled up in target countries. Our bill would also establish an
interagency working group to assist the coordinator in promoting
greater collaboration among all the Federal agencies involved in this
effort.
To promote transparency and greater accountability, our bill requires
that detailed reporting be published on the Foreign Assistance
Dashboard, where it can be assessed by the public, Congress, and
nongovernmental organizations to track the implementation of the
strategy and the progress being made.
Finally, the United States cannot and should not take on the goal of
eradicating these preventable deaths alone. Our bill recognizes this
reality and requires the administration to develop a financing
framework which would allow the use of U.S. Government dollars to
leverage additional commitments from the private sector, nonprofit
organizations, partner countries, and multinational organizations. As
other investments grow, the need for U.S. Government assistance would
decline. At a time when we must make very difficult decisions regarding
Federal priorities in our budget, this is an important and responsible
provision that ultimately will reduce the reliance on U.S. Government
contributions.
Improving the health and well-being of mothers and children around
the world has far-reaching social and economic benefits as well. An
independent group of economists and global health experts from around
the world, known as the Lancet Commission, indicated that the return on
investment in global health initiatives is very high. In fact, for
every $1 invested, there is a return of $9 to $20 in growing the gross
domestic product of the country receiving the investment.
Other global health initiatives, such as the successful President's
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR, which was started by
President George Bush, demonstrate that results-risen interventions can
turn the tide for global health challenges such as maternal and child
survival. Taking lessons learned from past initiatives, our bill would
provide the focus and the tools necessary to accelerate progress toward
ending preventable maternal and child deaths.
I urge my colleagues to take a close look at the bill we are
introducing today and to join Senator Coons and me in supporting this
bill to save the lives of mothers and children around the world.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Delaware.
Mr. COONS. Mr. President, I join my colleague from Maine on the floor
this afternoon to talk about what we can do to save the lives of
newborn children and their mothers in some of the poorest communities
around our globe.
I wish to start by thanking Senator Collins for her impressive
leadership and for the energy she has brought to this work. I share her
belief that our bipartisan bill, which is called the Reach Every Mother
and Child Act or just the REACH Act, will go a long way toward
eliminating preventable maternal and child deaths and will do so in an
impressively targeted and cost-effective way.
The preventable death of newborns, their mothers, and children under
5 is a genuine tragedy that remains a widespread reality in far too
many places around our world today. As Senator Collins said, 17,000
children a day lose their lives to preventable diseases such as
pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria--illnesses we know how to not just
treat but prevent--and worldwide, 3 million children will lose their
lives to malnutrition this year. Nearly 3 million newborns die every
year, 1 million of whom don't live to their second day, and 300,000
women don't get to experience the joy of raising their child as either
pregnancy or birth takes their lives. I doubt it would come to any
surprise to those in this Chamber today that it is the families who are
living in the poorest communities in the developing world who are most
at risk.
So what brings Senator Collins and me to the floor today is the fact
that there are things we can do to prevent these deaths from ever
happening and to do so in a cost-effective and transparent way. Since I
first entered office, I have been confronted with challenges both at
home and around the world that demand our action but where real
solutions remain out of the reach of this Senate or our government.
This is not one of those issues.
Some doubt that we can make a lasting and meaningful impact on the
poorest of the poor in the developing world, but the fact is, we have
made real progress. It was time spent in east Africa 30 years ago that
first really changed my life and engaged me passionately in these
issues. What is striking is how much progress we have actually made.
Over the past 25 years, we have cut in half the number of children and
mothers who have died, the number of children under 5, and mothers who
die in illnesses associated with
[[Page S6191]]
childbirth. Mortality rates are now declining faster than ever. And
while we do face real and seemingly intractable challenges across the
international landscape, our progress on this issue remains a telling
sign of what is possible when we pull together and apply thoughtful
interventions.
Just last year the administration took an important next step, laying
out a new strategy with ambitious goals--saving the lives of 15 million
children and 600,000 women by the end of this decade. Think about the
scope and reach of the change that would mean for families and for
communities in some of the poorest places on this planet. These goals
are based in the lessons we have learned about what really works.
Providing neonatal care to expectant mothers works. Vaccinating young
children works. Providing access to clean water so that children don't
die from diarrhea works. Providing HIV-positive mothers with
antiretroviral drugs works.
I am hopeful about our ability to find cost-effective solutions
because many of these remedies are simple things which are already at
work here in our own country and which we as Americans take for
granted. In the United States, what would be a fairly routine
complication of childbirth would, in many communities in the developing
world, be a life-or-death situation.
For example, let me talk for a moment about something called a
resuscitation bag--a simple piece of plastic that costs just a few
dollars. Most American parents have either seen one used or ready to be
used in the delivery room. We know that in an American hospital--and it
should be in the hospital of any developed country--when a nurse needs
a resuscitation bag for a newborn who is struggling to breathe, it is
right there and waiting. But in the poorest communities, where newborns
are losing their lives at astounding rates, a significant factor is the
simple absence of these bags to save the lives of newborns. When a
nurse--if there is even a nurse--reaches for one, there is none to be
found. Yet these simple devices that cost just a few dollars could save
literally hundreds or thousands of lives.
So what our bipartisan REACH Act does is recognize that many of the
steps we can take are very much within our grasp, and our bill would
take these solutions a step further by reforming them and scaling them
up so they have a larger, longer term impact.
Our bill would increase coordination to better implement U.S.
strategies with the goal of ending preventable maternal, newborn, and
child deaths within 20 years. It would build new partnerships with the
private sector, improve coordination across agencies, and insist on
real targets and transparent and measurable progress. It would also, as
Senator Collins referenced, allow U.S. Government dollars to be
leveraged. And I love it when we leverage our resources with the
private sector, with multilateral donors, and with our partner
countries in the developing world. Critically, it would focus on the
most effective interventions in the poorest and most vulnerable
communities and put in place targets that can be effectively tracked.
These communities in the poorest parts of our planet face many
challenges, but when it comes to saving the lives of young mothers and
children, we know exactly what it will take to make a meaningful
difference. Today, together, we are offering a strong path forward.
I close by urging my colleagues to follow the real leadership of
Senator Collins and to join both of us in ensuring that American
ingenuity and leadership can continue to save lives and to offer
communities around our world a brighter future.
Thank you.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maine.
Ms. COLLINS. Mr. President, I wish to thank the Senator from Delaware
for his very eloquent statement. I know how passionate he is about
helping people, particularly in Africa. He has extraordinary expertise
about that region of the world, about that continent, and has been
there many times. I look forward to working with him to make this bill
a law. It is bipartisan, and it should bring people together across
party lines. I hope we will be able to get it signed into law this
year.
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By Mr. KAINE (for himself and Mr. Warner):
S. 1914. A bill to amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act with
respect to the guidelines for specification of certain disposal sites
for dredged or fill material; to the Committee on Environment and
Public Works.
Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, today, I am pleased to join my bipartisan
Virginia colleagues Senator Mark Warner and Congressmen Robert Hurt and
Morgan Griffith in introducing the Commonsense Permitting for Job
Creation Act of 2015, a bipartisan, bicameral piece of legislation to
address an aspect of water permitting law that has touched several
economic development projects in Virginia.
Southern Virginia has seen great economic challenges in recent years
due to the overall economic downturn compounded by fundamental changes
to the region's traditional industries such as manufacturing, textiles,
and tobacco. Throughout this region there are several business park
sites that could be developed to accommodate one or multiple
manufacturing operations. County economic development authorities have
worked to secure all necessary permits and authorities to develop these
sites but have encountered an issue pertaining to Clean Water Act
Section 404 permits.
Several of these counties have had difficulty securing approval from
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for 404 permits because the Corps is
reluctant to issue a permit without a company that has committed to the
site and prepared detailed development blueprints. In speaking to
potential companies, county officials have heard that it is difficult
for a company to commit to a site without assurance that all government
permits are secured. This has created a ``chicken and egg'' conundrum--
a company will not relocate to the site without an approved permit, but
a permit cannot be approved without a company willing to relocate.
This legislation simply addresses that regulatory ambiguity by
specifying that the lack of a committed end-user shall not be the sole
reason to deny a Corps permit that meets all other legal requirements
under Section 404.
I believe Federal, State, and local stakeholders can work in good
faith to follow all laws protecting our water resources, while taking
reasonable steps to make it easier to pursue economic development
opportunities in economically distressed communities. My colleagues and
I introduced a version of this bill in the previous Congress, and we
were pleased to help speed the process that led to the approval of a
permit for the Commonwealth Crossing Business Center in Henry County,
VA, last year.
I am optimistic that this bill will help expedite approval of
important economic development projects in a manner that is acceptable
to all stakeholders. We are proud to be able to work across the aisle
and with state and local officials on this commonsense, bipartisan
solution.
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