[Congressional Record Volume 161, Number 103 (Thursday, June 25, 2015)]
[Senate]
[Pages S4638-S4640]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                        KING V. BURWELL DECISION

  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, this morning the Supreme Court of the 
United States came down with its decision in King v. Burwell. I think 
it will probably be a decision that is remembered for a long time, 
certainly by Members of Congress. We were watching carefully, closely, 
wondering what the Supreme Court was going to say about the Affordable 
Care Act, otherwise known as ObamaCare. We passed it 5 years ago, and 
it was about the issue of health insurance--how many Americans who were 
uninsured would be insured under the Affordable Care Act and how much 
it would help health insurance cost.
  Controversial, as the Senator from Utah just noted--it was passed on 
a partisan roll call. There was an effort to write a bipartisan bill, 
and it failed. There was no sentiment shared by both sides of the aisle 
to create the Affordable Care Act or anything like it.
  How important is this decision, King v. Burwell, a decision which 
basically sustained the Affordable Care Act and said that the tax 
credits--which are part of the act--given to families in lower income 
situations were legal and constitutional? I think it is one of the most 
important decisions because I think health insurance is one of the most 
important things in our lives.
  If you have ever been in the position as a father with a sick child, 
a seriously ill child without health insurance, you will never forget 
it. I know. I have been there. As a law student, my wife and I got 
married and had a little baby. She had some challenges, and we had no 
health insurance. Every time we took her to the hospital, every time we 
saw a doctor, I wondered if she was getting the best that she could get 
because we didn't have health insurance. It meant waiting in big 
waiting rooms with a lot of other people without health insurance and 
hoping that whoever walked through that door, that doctor would be just 
what my daughter needed. I will never forget it. When it comes to a 
time when people are debating about health insurance and how important 
it is, it sure is important to me. It was even when I didn't have it, 
as I realized how insecure and uncertain I was.
  About 5 years ago, I was down in southern Illinois, Marion, IL, which 
is a great little town. I stayed there in deep southern Illinois at a 
local motel, and in the morning I would go up and go in. They had a 
little breakfast buffet there. There was a sweet lady named Judy. She 
was always there; ``Senator, what can I do for you?'' and all that. She 
couldn't have been nicer. I got to know Judy over the times we stayed 
there, and we talked about her life.
  Judy was 60 years old. She was working part time in this motel--kind 
of in the world of hospitality--and she took care of guests when they 
went to the breakfast buffet in the morning. We talked about her life. 
She had grown up in southern Illinois. She had worked all the way 
through her life, job after job after job. I knew she was a hard-
working lady and a good person.
  One day she said to me: Senator, I have heard about this debate in 
Washington about the Affordable Care Act, and I am scared.
  I said: Why?
  She said: I don't think I can afford it, and they won't let me pick 
my own doctor.
  I said: Well, Judy, I don't want to get personal, but I need to ask 
you a few questions. Do you have health insurance?
  No. No, Senator. I have never had health insurance in my life. I have 
never had a job that offered health insurance.
  She was 60 years old.
  I said: Now I am going to get real personal. Can you give me an idea 
how much money you make? If you want to, can you tell me?
  Sure.
  She told me.
  I said: Judy, when it is all over, you are going to be covered by 
Medicaid. You won't be paying for this. For the first time in your 
life, you are going to have health insurance. You are going to be able 
to go to the hospital and not be a charity case.
  She said: It won't cost me?
  No. Your income is so low that you qualify for this tax credit and 
this

[[Page S4639]]

treatment under Medicaid. You don't have to pay out of pocket.
  The next time I went back there after the law passed and we knew she 
had Medicaid coverage, Judy didn't look the same. She was obviously 
sick.
  I said: What is wrong?
  She said: Well, I just got diagnosed with diabetes.
  I said: Well, at least you have Medicaid.
  She said: I sure do. And I have a doctor. I like him, and he is 
helping me. And I have a hospital that I can go to if I need to.
  There she was, for the first time in her life at the age of 60, with 
diabetes, and with health insurance. From my point of view, that is 
what this decision and this debate is all about.
  What we set out to do with the passage of the Affordable Care Act was 
to make sure health insurance was there for that young couple getting 
started with a baby who otherwise wouldn't have had health insurance or 
that 60-year-old woman who was working a job that didn't provide health 
insurance benefits who was facing diabetes.
  Well, it has helped a lot of people. When we started the debate on 
the Affordable Care Act, there were 50 million Americans--out of over 
320 million, 50 million--who had no health insurance. Because of this 
law, the Affordable Care Act, almost one-third of them--16 million--now 
have health insurance. I think that is a good thing. Most Americans 
would celebrate that we have reduced the rolls of the uninsured by one-
third. It means they have peace of mind having coverage.
  Roy Romanowski, in Chicago--I sat next to Roy at a community health 
clinic in a neighborhood. I go to those clinics all the time because I 
think they are one of the best places on Earth to meet some great 
medical professionals who are doing a wonderful service for a lot of 
people who live in a neighborhood and who wouldn't have a place to go.
  Roy Romanowski, a big, barrel-chested Polish guy from Chicago, is a 
musician. He plays a guitar. He never had a solid 40-hour-a-week job in 
his life and never had health insurance. He has it now. The Affordable 
Care Act gave Roy health insurance coverage for the first time--health 
insurance coverage he can afford.
  That is what the decision in this court case was about today--whether 
people like Roy and Judy would have health insurance. And it does 
something else: It moves us along the path we want to be on--and not 
only that more and more people have health insurance. Here is good news 
for everybody: The rate of growth in health care costs is going down. 
Oh, it is not a dramatic plunge. We didn't expect it to be. But even as 
it starts to level off a little bit, it has a dramatic impact. It means 
even if you don't have your health insurance plan through the 
Affordable Care Act, if you have it through your employer, the health 
insurance premiums your employer faces are less than they would have 
been. So it is starting to flatten out this growth and the cost of 
health care.
  What about Medicare? Medicare is important for over 40 million 
Americans. Here is the great news on Medicare--two things. No. 1, 
because the overall cost of health care is coming down just a little, 
in 5 years, the projected solvency of Medicare has been--they have 
added 13 years to it, 13 more years of solvency for a program 
critically important to seniors and disabled people. So Medicare has 
benefited from it as well.
  There is a second part. If you are under Medicare and you have 
prescription Part D, which covers your prescriptions under Medicare, we 
closed the doughnut hole. The doughnut hole used to be that point in 
the cost of your prescription drugs when Medicare no longer paid for it 
and you had to pay for it out of pocket. That was a crazy idea in the 
law, and it cost seniors thousands of dollars. And then, of course, 
after they paid out of pocket, Medicare came in to cover the additional 
expenses. We got rid of that craziness. We eliminated that doughnut 
hole. So for seniors wanting to take the medicines the doctor has 
prescribed so they can feel good, be strong, be independent, stay on 
their own, this Affordable Care Act helped them pay. In Illinois, it 
was about $1,000 per Medicare recipient per year in prescription drug 
costs taken care of by the Affordable Care Act.
  Let me tell you a couple other things this law did and does. Do you 
have any children in your family who are going to college? Are you 
worried about when they graduate from college, whether they have a job 
and health insurance? I was. My wife and I were worried about our 
daughter.
  I remember calling her.
  Jennifer, you just got out of school. Do you have health insurance?
  Dad, I don't need it. I am healthy as can be.
  That is not what a father wants to hear.
  The Affordable Care Act says that your son or daughter can stay under 
your family plan until they reach the age of 26. I think that is a good 
thing. As a parent who had a college grad looking for a job, I had the 
peace of mind of knowing she was under the family health insurance 
plan.
  So the people who want to repeal the Affordable Care Act--do they 
really want to repeal that provision?
  And here is another one that is important. How many of us can say 
with certainty that in our homes, in our households, there isn't 
someone with a preexisting condition, someone who--perhaps a child--has 
had diabetes, a spouse who has had good luck in beating breast cancer 
or prostate cancer? Someone there is a history of mental illness. In 
the old days before the Affordable Care Act, what I just described to 
you were grounds for denying health insurance coverage or charging 
through the roof. Well, that was changed by the Affordable Care Act. 
Preexisting conditions no longer disqualify you from health insurance 
in America.
  The President said this morning, after the Supreme Court decision: We 
will have to explain to our grandkids there was a time when you 
couldn't get health insurance if you were sick.
  Thank goodness that time has passed and the Affordable Care Act 
protects people. Overall, this act in the last 5 years has made real 
progress for America. For 16 million Americans, it has given many of 
them health insurance for the first time in their lives, health 
insurance they can afford and a tax credit to help them pay for it that 
was protected today by this Supreme Court decision.
  In all of the time since the Affordable Care Act has been the law, we 
have heard from the other party that they want to repeal it. But in 
that same period of time, we have never ever heard what they would 
replace it with. They don't have a better idea. Here is what I hope we 
will do. I hope we will put behind us this whole effort of let's file 
another lawsuit, let's vote another time to abolish the Affordable Care 
Act. I hope instead that there will be a constructive dialogue between 
Democrats and Republicans to make the Affordable Care Act better.
  I voted for it and am proud of it. It is one of the most important 
votes I ever cast in Congress. But it is not perfect. I tell my town 
meetings in Illinois that the only perfect law was brought down the 
side of a mountain by Senator Moses on clay tablets. Ever since then, 
we have done our best to write laws but know that we have to be ready 
to improve them and to react to changing circumstances.
  We should do the same with the Affordable Care Act. I think there are 
things we can do to make it stronger, and on a bipartisan basis we 
should. Until this moment in time of this Supreme Court decision, it 
has been politically impossible to have that conversation.
  The Restaurant Association came to see me. They are worried. They 
said: Wait a minute. We have a lot of part-time employees and a lot of 
them don't want health insurance. Their spouses have health insurance. 
We are looking at the law. We want some clarity here about what our 
obligation will be under the Affordable Care Act.
  They deserve that clarity. I will tell you as I stand here today, I 
am willing to sit down with any Republican Senator and work out changes 
and provisions in the law to make sure we treat these employees fairly 
and we give them coverage and do it in a fashion that is fair to their 
employer as well as individual employees. These are things we can and 
should do.
  For the longest time, there were people who opposed Social Security--
going way back in time 70 or 80 years when it

[[Page S4640]]

was created. They said that it will never last; it will never stay. 
Eventually, public sentiment changed and people realized Social 
Security was critically important for America.
  The same thing was true for Medicare. There were those who said: 
Socialized medicine, you have to get rid of it. Now, 60 years later, 50 
years later, they understand it is part of America. For millions of 
Americans, it is critically important. Medicaid, the same thing.
  I hope today will be that turning point on the Affordable Care Act, 
where we decide on a bipartisan basis that this is part of our future, 
providing health insurance for uninsured Americans, doing it in a fair 
way, and particularly for those in lower income situations.
  This was a historic decision, King v. Burwell, at the Supreme Court--
6 to 3. A decisive majority opinion said the Affordable Care Act is 
legal and constitutional and should move forward. I hope that message 
makes it across the street over to the Halls of Congress.

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