[Congressional Record Volume 161, Number 98 (Thursday, June 18, 2015)]
[Senate]
[Pages S4256-S4257]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                   PAPAL ENCYCLICAL ON CLIMATE CHANGE

  Mr. KING. Mr. President, there has been a great deal of discussion 
this week, and there will be, I am sure, over the next few days, about 
Pope Francis's comments in his encyclical issued this morning on the 
issue of climate change and on the issue of the preservation of the 
environment. Some of the reaction has been that the Pope should stay 
away from science and stick to morality and theology. I am here this 
morning to say I believe that is exactly what he is doing. He is 
sticking to morality and theology, and that is why he has made the 
statement that he has.
  I have always viewed this issue in fundamentally an ethical and moral 
context. There has been a lot of talk, discussion, and debate in 
committees and on this floor about the science, which I think is 
irrefutable--the science of climate change, the science of the 
increasing load of CO2 in the atmosphere, the most we have 
ever had in some 3 million years, and the impact it will have. I have 
talked about the practical impact it will have on the lobster 
population in Maine and on the shellfish, on our forests, on moose in 
New Hampshire, on water-edged cities and communities all over this 
country. All of those practical and scientific things we have talked 
about at great length on this floor. The only thing I would say is that 
I am convinced the science is irrefutable that, A, something is 
happening; B, it is detrimental to the future of the world; and, C, 
we--people--are largely responsible for it.
  Fundamentally, this is a moral and ethical issue. It has always 
occurred to me in two moral and ethical contexts. One is that I don't 
understand what right several generations of people on this Earth have 
to use up a finite resource that was created over millions of years. It 
took 3 or 4 million years to create the oil and gas that is underneath 
our Earth. How do we have the right to use it all up in 200 or 300 
years? That assumes we are the only people who will ever occupy this 
planet. Indeed, I don't believe that is the case. Obviously, it is not 
the case. There are generations that will come after us--6, 7, 8, 10 
generations of people who will come after us. Why do we have the right 
to use resources that the Earth created for all of time?
  One of the fundamental premises of the Old Testament is, of course, 
the Ten Commandments. One of the basic Ten Commandments is ``Thou shalt 
not steal.'' I believe we are stealing resources from future 
generations by simply using them up in our lifetimes. That is moral and 
ethical issue No. 1.
  The second ethical issue is the fundamental ethical and moral 
principle of stewardship. The first line of the Bible says: ``In the 
beginning God created the heaven and the earth.'' God created--God 
created--the heaven and the Earth. We have a responsibility to steward, 
to take care of the creation that God gave us.
  There are some very interesting Biblical references early in the 
Bible, in Leviticus, the third Book of the Bible, about this concept of 
stewardship. One is in Leviticus 25. The Lord said to Moses: ``The land 
must never be sold on a permanent basis, for the land belongs to me.'' 
This is God speaking: The land belongs to me. ``You are only foreigners 
and tenant farmers working for me.''
  That is the concept of a long-term stewardship--that we don't own the 
land. Yes, we have deeds and we think we own it, and we can pass it on 
to our children, but we don't own the planet, and we have a 
responsibility to pass that resource on to our children in good shape 
and not destroy it.
  Another interesting provision in Leviticus--and I hope it is OK to 
make notations in the Lord's Book because that is what I did. In 
Leviticus 25, Moses is told a very interesting thing about how to take 
care of the land. God talked about a Sabbath for the land, just as He 
talked about a Sabbath for people--a day of rest. ``For six years you 
may plant your fields and prune your vineyards and harvest your crops, 
but during the seventh year the land must have a Sabbath year of 
complete rest.''
  Very interesting--the land must have a Sabbath. It is the Lord's 
Sabbath. Do not plant your fields or prune your vineyards during that 
year.
  And then later on in Verse 32, God tells Moses what will happen if 
you don't observe that rule. In other words, if you just keep planting 
and abusing the land, He said--this is again quoting God here in 
Leviticus 25: ``Your land will become desolate.'' There is an 
interesting observation. God said:

       Your land will become desolate, and your cities will lie in 
     ruins. Then at last the land will enjoy its neglected Sabbath 
     years as it lies desolate while you are in exile in the land 
     of your enemies. Then the land will finally rest and enjoy 
     the Sabbaths it missed.

  The concept is we have an obligation to the land, to the Earth that 
has been given to us.
  Then, we skip all the way from the beginning of the Old Testament to 
the end of the New Testament to the Book of Revelations, and there is a 
kind of admonition, I think, for all of us in terms of our stewardship 
of the Earth.
  In Revelations 11:18, the Chapter says: ``But your wrath came, and 
the time for the dead to be judged, and for rewarding your servants . . 
. and for destroying the destroyers of the earth.''
  That is something we ought to take very seriously; that the time will 
come for the destroying of the destroyers of the Earth. This is all 
about morality, theology, and ethics. This is about simply taking care 
of the asset the Good Lord gave us--whatever Name you give to the Good 
Lord. It is the Earth we have been given. It is the only Earth we have. 
It is the only home we have, and we simply can't destroy it. Yet in 
Genesis it says man is given dominion over the waters, the Earth, and 
the animals. But that doesn't mean we are entitled to destroy it. It 
means we have to steward it, we have to conserve it. That is really 
what this discussion is all about. This is about ethics. This is about 
morality. It is about theology, as I have demonstrated.
  Now, I want to go from the Good Book to another way to state this. In 
Maine we have what is called the Maine rototiller rule. It is all you 
need to know about environmental stewardship: If you borrow your 
neighbor's rototiller to clean up your garden in the spring, the 
principle is you always return it in as good shape as you got it, with 
a full tank of gas. That is environmental stewardship. We don't own 
this planet. We have it on loan. Therefore, we have a responsibility to 
pass it on to our children and grandchildren and countless generations 
ahead of us in as good of shape as we got it and maybe with a full tank 
of gas. And that means we just can't willy-nilly act like there are no 
consequences for our actions, that we can befoul the air and the land 
and the water for our convenience, for our aggrandizement, for our 
material comfort. We have to think about other people. That is of 
course the fundamental principle of every religion in the world: ``Do 
unto others as you would have them do unto you.'' I would submit that 
``others'' includes not only those of us here or those of us in America 
or those of us around the world but those of us who haven't been born 
yet.

[[Page S4257]]

We have an obligation to ``do unto others as we would have them do unto 
us.''
  So I welcome the Pope's words this week as a valuable voice in an 
important discussion. I realize we will have differences about how to 
solve this problem. We will have differences about the exact dimensions 
of it. We will have differences about what the resolution should be and 
the technology we should use and how we should get there and 
transitions and all those kinds of things. That is perfectly 
legitimate. But, fundamentally, we have to think of this as a moral and 
ethical issue--as a moral and ethical issue--the obligations we owe to 
other people in this country, to other people in the world who have no 
voice in the use of the resources that are being taken away from them, 
and particularly to the people whom we don't yet know who are going to 
follow us on this wonderful home we have been given to steward, to 
preserve, to use but to pass on in as good or better shape than we 
found it.
  Mr. President, I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Massachusetts.

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