[Congressional Record Volume 161, Number 6 (Tuesday, January 13, 2015)]
[Senate]
[Pages S160-S161]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                           KEYSTONE PIPELINE

  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, it is true that we are in the process of 
negotiating and discussing on the Democratic side the amendments that 
will be offered, and yes, there will be amendments offered. Senator 
Boxer has been part of this effort--and I just got off the phone with 
her--and she is now working with her staff to come up with amendments 
she believes will withstand any procedural challenge on the floor and, 
hopefully, those amendments will be brought up to the floor soon.
  Senator Cantwell, who is the floor leader on our side on this 
particular measure, is also open. There is no question that we will be 
prepared to and will offer amendments. We are trying to finalize the 
language at this point and the order in which the amendments will be 
offered.
  We will be working with the Republicans once we have our own set of 
amendments in place. There is no effort to obstruct this process. We 
generally agreed that we would not be voting today on amendments. It is 
possible--before the end of the day--that we will have an agreement to 
move forward in terms of the submission and debate on the amendments 
and the votes to occur perhaps next week. But that is still unresolved, 
and we are still talking about it.
  What is interesting is to put this in perspective. We are talking 
about S. 1. This is the very first bill offered by the new Republican 
majority in the Senate. It is a bill, as they say, to approve the 
Keystone XL Pipeline.
  The Republicans' highest priority and their No. 1 bill now that they 
have majority status in the Senate is the approval of a pipeline 
project to benefit one company--a Canadian company--and create 35 
permanent jobs. The highest priority of the Republican majority in the 
Senate is to debate and pass a bill to benefit a Canadian company to 
create 35 permanent jobs.
  This special interest, small-ball effort, is not a national economic 
or energy policy or a plan to make America energy independent. The 
Keystone XL Pipeline, sadly, is going to have a negative impact on the 
environment--and not just in the United States. It will literally 
affect all adjoining countries.
  The tar sands that will be carried in this pipeline will increase the 
amount of pollution, greenhouse gas emissions--first when they are 
mined in Canada and later when they are refined. We know this because 
tar sands are currently coming into the United States--Canadian tar 
sands--and are being processed at a refinery in Wood River, IL. It is a 
refinery now owned by the Phillips oil company, and their refined 
product is distributed throughout the Midwest.
  So the Keystone XL Pipeline is not the first Canadian tar sands 
pipeline. We already have a pipeline, and that existing pipeline--in 
the course of cleaning up Canadian tar sands so it can be made into 
products that can be sold on the market--generates something called 
petcoke. Petcoke is the waste product--the dirty part of the Canadian 
tar sands--that needs to be removed before they become viable petroleum 
products.
  If you don't believe this petcoke is a danger, you only need to come 
to the great city of Chicago, which I am honored to represent. I 
visited the southeast side of Chicago. The British Petroleum refinery, 
which is at the end of Lake Michigan in the northern part of Indiana, 
refines the Canadian tar sands and generates, as part of the refining 
process, literally hills of petcoke--this black, sooty, nasty product 
they stack up near the refinery. Unfortunately, many times it ends up 
within the boundaries of the city of Chicago.
  What impact do hills of petcoke have on a neighborhood? When the wind 
blows, this nasty, dirty product blows all over the homes, the 
families, and the children who live in that neighborhood. I have seen 
it. I have visited mothers with small children who try to seal the 
windows of their homes because this petcoke can get through any crack 
and into their homes, leaving a sooty deposit around them.
  For those who argue that these Canadian tar sands pose no 
environmental threat, come take a look at these petcoke hills that are 
generated now by the process of refining this product.
  Additionally, the Keystone XL Pipeline doesn't move us away from the 
dangerous tipping point which we face when it comes to climate change 
and global warming. In fact, it is going to speed up the day of 
reckoning. Leading scientists warn us that we are running out of time. 
As a Nation and as a world, if we do not accept the reality of what is 
happening to our environment, we are going to pay a heavy price.
  According to the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, at 
least half of the world's energy supply will need to come from low-
carbon sources in the future--wind, solar, even nuclear--by 2050, if we 
are going to avoid catastrophic climate changes. That barely gives us 
35 years to do something for our kids and grandkids. This Keystone bill 
does not even acknowledge that reality.
  I have come to the floor many times and offered the challenge which I 
will renew today. I believe the Republican Party of the United States 
of America represented in the Senate is the only major political party 
in the world today that denies global warming and climate change. It is 
the only major political party which refuses to accept the premise that 
is well established in science, well established by our departments, 
such as the Department of Defense, that our activity as human beings on 
Earth is changing the world we live in--and not for the better.
  One Republican pulled me aside off the floor, after I made this 
challenge several times, and said: Durbin, you are wrong. There is 
actually a political party in Australia that denies global warming as 
well. Well, that may be true, but the fact that they have such little 
company when it comes to this position suggests that our Republicans 
are denying reality. This bill denies that reality as well.
  If it is about jobs, I suggest--not only to the majority leader but 
to the labor unions and to others interested in creating American 
jobs--that there are better alternatives in the energy sector. Solar 
power is already generating 3.4 million jobs in the United States. 
Remember, the Keystone XL Pipeline generates 35 permanent jobs, and, 
according to some estimates, maybe 40,000 temporary supply jobs for the 
construction of the pipeline. The Keystone XL Pipeline will create 35 
permanent jobs while solar power is generating 3.4 million jobs in 
America. By the end of 2013, 24,000 of them were created just that 
year. Jobs were created in the solar industry at a growth rate of 20 
percent over 2012. It is a growth industry for clean, green jobs. In 
Illinois, 9 solar projects employ almost 4,000 workers.

  Solar isn't the only energy source we can invest in. Fuel cell 
technology doesn't get much attention but supports 11,000 jobs versus 
35 permanent jobs for the Keystone XL Pipeline. The U.S. Department of 
Energy estimates that with the rapid increase in fuel cells, 180,000 
new domestic jobs can be created by 2020 and 685,000 by 2035.
  The International Renewable Energy Agency found the renewable energy 
industry in the United States responsible for 625,000 direct and 
indirect jobs in solar, biofuels, wind, biomass, hydropower, and 
geothermal industries. That is a conservative estimate. So if we are 
interested in clean energy, if we want to do the right thing by our 
environment for our kids and grandkids and we want to create American 
jobs--this isn't 35 jobs, which is the highest priority of the Senate 
Republican Caucus;

[[Page S161]]

this is looking at alternative sources of energy, which will create 
jobs and not destroy the planet.
  The Keystone XL Pipeline will produce oil with a process that 
produces 17 percent more carbon than any conventional crude oils. That 
oil is going to be shipped, if the Republicans have their way, through 
a pipeline from Canada all the way to Texas, over and near thousands of 
lakes and aquifers that Americans rely on for clean drinking water.
  After it reaches Port Arthur, TX--the original plan, which I think is 
still the case--it will be exported, so even the refined product is not 
going to be used here in America. So we ask our Republican colleagues: 
Where is your plan to make sure America leads the world in creating 
good-paying, green jobs for the future? Where is your plan to increase 
America's production of wind, solar, thermonuclear, cellulosic, and 
other forms of renewable energy? In fact, when it came to debating the 
extension of some tax benefits to these industries, many Republicans 
opposed it. They instead wanted to see us move toward initiatives such 
as the Keystone XL Pipeline.
  So this is an important debate, and it is one that we ought to take 
in the context of the challenges our generation faces. We will either 
acknowledge the global environmental reality and deal with it, or we 
will have to answer to our children and grandchildren why we put the 
profits of 1 Canadian company and why we put 35 jobs ahead of a 
meaningful discussion about a national energy policy that is consistent 
with a clean and strong environment for years to come.

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