[Congressional Record Volume 159, Number 130 (Friday, September 27, 2013)]
[Senate]
[Pages S6996-S7000]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                         GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONING

  Mrs. BOXER. Let me say to my friend from Colorado he is right about a 
picture being so powerful. Having shown my share of those types of 
photos, I think the Senator underscores why it is important to have a 
national government. He and his colleague from Colorado makes the 
point, as did the Senators from New Jersey, New York, and California--
regardless of party--that many times these natural disasters are just 
too much for any one State, and that is why we need a national 
government that works well, not one that teeters on the brink of 
shutdown because political parties get into these partisan disputes and 
seem to lose their way.
  As one who feels we have a very clear path ahead, there is no reason 
for us to add to the uncertainty the people in Colorado face right now 
because we don't have that particular funding laid out clearly at this 
point. We don't need to add a layer of fear that this government is not 
going to function. So I wish to thank my friend.
  But I will say that we did vote 54 to 44 in the Senate to keep the 
government open and to make sure we don't get involved in clashes about 
other matters and add it to the resolution that keeps this government 
going.
  Listen, there is no shortage of arguments we could have. Even within 
our own parties there are different views on many issues: how best to 
bring this economy back, how best to reform education, how best to have 
a very strong, lean military--we have arguments about all these 
things--how to deliver health care. All these things are worthy of 
debate, but they should remain separate and apart from our basic 
functions, one of which is to keep the government running and doing the 
things government does, and the second is to pay our bills, which 
requires us to make sure the debt limit is raised. When we see games 
being played in these areas, we know we are in deep trouble.
  I see our leader Senator Reid is on the floor. With his leadership we 
passed a bill to keep the government open. All John Boehner has to do, 
as Speaker of the House--and I know the House well. I served there for 
10 years--is to put our bill on the floor and let the Members vote. 
That is democracy. We don't have to have every Republican support it. 
We don't have to have every Democrat support it. Just put the bill on 
the floor.
  When I served in the House I served with many different Speakers. I 
have to say, in my time, Tip O'Neill was the greatest. Why was Tip 
O'Neill great and why can John Boehner learn from Tip O'Neill? Because 
Tip O'Neill knew what his function was. It was to keep this country 
going. It was to give a sense of certainty and calm to the people that 
even though we could debate all kinds of things, including whether to 
go to war or how to deal with many problems, we would keep the 
government going. We would pay our debts.
  When Tip O'Neill was Speaker, Republican Ronald Reagan asked Tip 
O'Neill to increase the debt ceiling many times. Over the period Reagan 
was President, he asked to raise the debt ceiling 18 times. Did all of 
us agree the debt ceiling should be lifted? No. A few voted no, and 
that was fine. No one played games. Ronald Reagan was very clear on the 
debt ceiling. He said even any talk about not raising it was a problem 
for this economy, and he

[[Page S6997]]

said it way more eloquently than I, being the great communicator. He 
said even the thought of a default was dangerous for our economy. Yet 
here we have Republicans, in the House in particular, marching down 
that path and also marching down the path right now to shut down this 
government. We are just a few short days away.
  I don't know about the Chair, but I know I did have a meeting with my 
staff to explain what could happen. People act as if a government 
shutdown doesn't mean pain. It is a dangerous game and it has 
devastating consequences for our families and not only for the people 
who rely on their work for their country--whether they are serving on 
the military or civilian side of the Defense establishment or in the 
Social Security Administration or the Medicare administration or the 
FBI or the food inspectors or the highway inspectors.
  I have to say, Republicans keep saying: We don't want to shut down 
the government. Believe me, we don't want to shut down the government. 
We just want to stop the Affordable Care Act. You tried 42 times. You 
had an election over it. Give it up. This is a democracy. Run 
candidates who want to repeal it. That is fine. That is fine. We had 
that in the last election and President Obama won. I know people aren't 
happy about it. I understand that. I wasn't happy when Republicans beat 
my Democratic candidates for President. I wasn't happy, but I didn't 
shut down the government. I didn't demand their signature 
accomplishments be repealed. I lived with it, and I am not the only 
one. We all did. We all accepted it.
  That is democracy. You have an election. There are winners and 
losers. Suck it up. Stop complaining. Go register your friends. Tell 
them to vote against Barbara Boxer. Go tell them to vote against the 
Democrats. Go do it. That is fine. That is what elections are for. But 
once the election is over--and in this last case it was a central 
issue--work with us to make it better.
  Senator Cardin and I were on the floor the other day pointing out we 
voted against the prescription drug benefit for Medicare for basically 
two reasons; one, we thought it was going to cost too much money for 
the government because in there it said Medicare could not negotiate 
for lower drug prices. So it was a giveaway to the drug companies. They 
couldn't negotiate for lower drug prices. Also, there was a great big 
doughnut hole so after you got a certain amount of drugs, you got no 
benefit at all, and seniors were risking their lives to get through 
that period of time.
  We didn't try to repeal the prescription drug benefit; we tried to 
fix it. Here is the great news. In the Affordable Care Act, also known 
as ObamaCare, we fixed the doughnut hole. We are closing it. Now senior 
citizens are not going to have to cut their pills in little pieces 
while they wait for that doughnut hole period of time to pass.
  So there are a lot of pathways forward for the Republicans in the 
House. Follow history and tradition, which says we have two basic 
things we must do: keep this government open and pay the bills that we 
incur. Simple. It is not complicated. If anyone tells you it is 
complicated, laugh, because it isn't.
  If you are a family and you incur bills, you pay them or you are a 
deadbeat. In the old days, people used to go to jail. We stopped that. 
Now we have bankruptcy filings. Pay your bills, Republicans. Pay your 
bills. Keep the government going--a very simple path. Take the bill we 
just passed. It is neutral. It has no policy in it. It keeps the 
spending going. We haven't added any of our wonderful things we would 
like to see and do. We kept it clean. Put that bill on the floor--it 
passed 54 to 44 here--and vote on it. People who want to shut down the 
government will vote no. That is their right. People who want to keep 
the government open will vote yes. There will be Republicans on either 
side. There will be Democrats on either side.
  What we hear happening is they are going to bring it back and they 
are going to put more of their favorite things in it. Who knows what 
they will pick. They have a lot. They want to shut down the 
Environmental Protection Agency. They want to stop us from cleaning up 
the air and the water. They want to stop us from addressing the issue 
of coal ash piling up all over the country. That is what they want to 
do, from what I read in the paper. Then they want to delay this health 
care bill, just as it is about ready to kick in.
  We have been down this road before. We know what happens when the 
government shuts down. I asked my staff to go back, to go to the press 
and look at the stories. I am not speaking make believe. I am speaking 
history. When Newt Gingrich and the Republicans shut down the 
government in the 1990s, we all know what happened. It hurt our 
country. It hurt our economy. It hurt our seniors, our veterans, our 
businesses. It hurt anyone who even had 100 shares of stock in the 
stock market. It hurt the American people.
  Mark Zandi, an economist who advised Republican Members of the 
Senate, predicts a shutdown lasting just a few days would reduce our 
gross domestic product by two-tenths of a point.
  How does that help us when our economic growth is curtailed by a 
shutdown? How does it help our economy when more than 169,000 Federal 
employees in my State and many more nationwide are furloughed without 
pay? It will be more than 1 million Federal employees and 169,000 in 
California. These are real people, with real families, with real bills 
to pay who get up and go to work for their Nation. How does that help 
our economy?
  We know the last shutdown cost the Federal Government $1.4 billion. 
If we factor in inflation, that is $2 billion, and that was for 2 
weeks. A 2-week shutdown cost $2 billion. Great, just what we need to 
do--throw money out the window. Because we can afford it, right? No.
  Agencies are making their shutdown plans. Federal employees are 
preparing to be furloughed. You know what happens when you get scared 
you will not get a paycheck? You pull in. You don't go out to the 
movies and you don't go out for dinner because you are worried. That 
has a trickle-down effect on small businesses.
  How does it help our seniors when the Social Security Administration, 
during a shutdown, cannot process benefits for retirees? What happens 
if someone is widowed and she needs the help from Social Security to 
get those burial benefits she is entitled to? Is that making the 
Republicans excited over there, to hurt our seniors with Medicare, with 
Social Security?
  Medicare can't take any new patients because they won't be able to. 
In the last shutdown, 10,000 people a day were turned away. People who 
were waiting to turn 65 so they could get their Medicare card called up 
Medicare, and no one is there. Sorry. Oh, that is a lovely thing to do 
to your mothers and dads, I say to my colleagues over there. Lovely.
  How does it help our veterans and their families when a new 
disability claim or GI bill claim cannot be processed? I can tell you, 
it hurts them. There is already a huge backlog. This is just what we 
don't need, a shutdown, where the backlog of claims gets worse and 
worse. We all say we love our veterans, and I believe it when we say 
that. Don't shut down the government and hurt our veterans.
  Republicans say they care about small businesses more than Democrats. 
How does it help our small businesses when they can't bid on government 
contracts or get small business loans through the SBA? I tell you, it 
hurts them. How is it going to help the more than 14,000 government 
contractors in California who may not get paid for their work on time? 
They will be hurt badly. They have bills to pay, they have employees to 
pay, and they won't be able to pay them. If you ask the average working 
person how close they are to seriously being homeless, not being able 
to pay the rent, it is only a few weeks for a lot of our people.
  I would ask, how does it help our health in this country when the EPA 
cannot clean up toxic superfund sites? Those sites harm our families, 
they harm our children, and they will be shut down.
  How does it help our fight against cancer and Alzheimer's when the 
NIH cannot enroll patients in drug trials? If you ask people who the 
real enemies are, a lot of times they will say we worry about someone 
in the family getting a heart attack, getting a stroke, getting 
Alzheimer's. How does it help our families when the NIH can't enroll 
patients in drug trials and the CDC can no longer monitor new avian flu 
cases?
  And tell me, Republicans who want to shut down this government, how

[[Page S6998]]

does it help our businesses like our restaurateurs and people who run 
hotels when tourist visas cannot be processed and people who are 
waiting to come to America to stay in our hotels are turned away? That 
is bad for this economy.
  How does it help a family buy a house when the FHA can't process a 
loan for the American dream of owning a home? But that is what is going 
to happen.
  And tell me, how does it help a single mom when she can't get help 
from HHS in collecting child support to feed her family? How does it 
help the families in Colorado, their homes and roads and bridges 
destroyed, when the National Guard--we just learned from Senator 
Udall--cannot start their work until the government reopens? It is 
downright dangerous.
  How does it help our schoolkids who come to Washington to learn about 
our great Nation, they go to the Mall, and they can't get in any 
museums?
  And do we want to hear the ultimate outrage? These Senate and House 
Members who want to shut down the government will get paid during a 
government shutdown that they caused. These Senate and House Members 
who want to shut down the government--they personally will still get 
paid. Their families will have a paycheck during a government shutdown.
  In March of 2011, the Senate passed S. 388, the Boxer-Casey bill, to 
prevent Members of Congress from getting paid in the event of a 
government shutdown or a default. It is a very simple bill:

       Members of Congress and the President shall not receive 
     basic pay for any period in which there is more than a 24-
     hour lapse in appropriations for any Federal agency or 
     department as a result of a failure to enact a regular 
     appropriations bill or a continuing resolution; or if the 
     Federal Government is unable to make payments or meet 
     obligations because the debt limit has been reached.

  Our bill, I am proud to say, passed the Senate. Senator Casey and I 
wrote a letter--signed by 14 of our colleagues--to Speaker Boehner and 
the Republicans, asking that they bring up and pass our bill. In that 
letter we said:

       Members who want to shut down the government should not 
     continue to receive a paycheck while the rest of the Nation 
     suffers the consequences. Members of Congress and the 
     President should be treated no differently than every other 
     Federal employee. We too should have to face the consequences 
     of our actions.

  Speaker Boehner had time to put lots of other things on the docket, 
but not our bill. So we introduced a new one. I am here to say we have 
a bill that is called S. 55. It says the same thing, we are not going 
to get paid if we don't do the two basic functions we have to do: keep 
this government running, and raise the debt ceiling.
  I want to ask: How is it that Republicans, who are urging a shutdown 
of the government by virtue of their votes--and we have them in the 
Senate--why are they not cosponsors of our bill? They don't care if the 
government is shut down. Get on my bill. I invite Senator Cruz and 
Senator Lee. They spoke for 21 hours. That took a lot of strength. 
Maybe they have strength left to pick up the phone and call me and go 
on my bill so they won't get paid, because as of now they will. They 
want to protect their pay. They want to protect their families.
  Some of them even suggest taking away the employer contribution from 
our staff, that is treated like almost every other employee with a big 
employer, an employer contribution to health care. They want to take it 
away, but they want to get paid during a shutdown.
  So pick up the phone, Senator Cruz, and call me. I will be delighted 
to hear from you, and let me put you on my bill because that would be 
helpful. Then we can e-mail all of your friends and tell them to get 
everybody else on the bill. And maybe, just maybe, we can make a little 
sacrifice if things go wrong.
  By the way, there is no reason for things to go wrong. We just passed 
a good bill, a clean bill. We know we are going to have arguments over 
health care, we are going to have arguments over Social Security, we 
are going to have arguments over the best way to move forward 
with sequester. That is fine. There is a time and a place. You don't 
put those issues on a continuing resolution to fund the government. You 
don't put those issues on a debt ceiling and, as Ronald Reagan said, 
put our economy in a very dangerous and precarious situation.

  If you listened to the speeches of my colleagues, the 21-hour speech, 
and if you take away the time that was devoted to Dr. Seuss, most of it 
was about the Affordable Care Act. So I think we ought to take a look 
at the Affordable Care Act. This is the terrible piece of legislation 
that certain colleagues of the Republican side say is so terrible they 
are willing to shut the government down:
  Right now, because of the Affordable Care Act, 3 million young adults 
are on their parents' plan. Isn't that terrible? Three million of them 
can stay on their parents' plan. I want to know why they would shut 
down the government and kick those youngsters off their parents' plan, 
because that is what they will do. They don't tell you that, but we 
won't be able to enforce this law. We won't have the funds. They would 
kick these kids off their parents' plan because, frankly, the law would 
in effect be suspended. And if an insurance company said, We are not 
going to do this anymore, those youngsters are out of luck. So that is 
the first question I ask them: Why do you want to kick 3 million 
youngsters off their parents' plan?
  Now 71 million Americans are getting free preventive care, such as 
checkups, birth control, and immunizations. Now when you don't fund 
this bill, delay it, or fool around with it, forget this. So now 71 
million people who could have gotten immunized don't get immunized, a 
good bunch of them, because they can't afford it--under the Affordable 
Care Act it is free--then they get sick and then others catch what they 
get. Tell me how that makes America a better place. I am waiting to 
hear. No one has told me how it makes America a better place when we 
kick children off their parents' plan or we take away immunization or 
birth control or checkups from our people.
  I mentioned this before. Senator King was talking about how when he 
was a youngster he worked here and he had health insurance, and the 
health insurance allowed him to get a free medical checkup. He got a 
free checkup, and he found out that he had a melanoma, a mole that had 
gone cancerous. It was very serious. He was a youngster. This is a long 
time ago for him. As a result of that, he is with us today, living and 
well and here to fight for health care. That is a story we should think 
about. Because he went to the doctor, the doctor looked at him and 
found this mole, he got that mole removed, and he is alive.
  Tell me why Republicans want to take away free preventive care from 
71 million Americans. That is what the Affordable Care Act does. They 
call it ObamaCare because they polled it, and when they say ObamaCare, 
it is less popular. So I will call it ObamaCare. I thought the 
President was funny when he said that after this law is out there a few 
years and people like it, the Republicans will stop calling it 
ObamaCare, a moment of levity that had a lot of truth to it.
  This is another benefit the Republicans would delay, stop, and put in 
jeopardy. They will even shut the government down. They don't like the 
fact that 17 million children with preexisting conditions such as 
asthma and diabetes can no longer be denied coverage. So I have to ask 
them, What is it you have against kids? I have met the parents. If a 
child had diabetes, if a child had asthma, the insurance company said, 
Sorry, you are out of luck. Because of the Affordable Care Act, 
ObamaCare, children can no longer be denied coverage.
  I have met these little kids who have benefited, who have gotten the 
care, who are doing well because the moms and dads don't have to wait 
until they are gasping for air or have an absolute breakdown and then 
they have to rush them to the emergency room where they are patched up 
and don't get the kind of care they need.
  Here is another thing. I don't understand why the Republicans feel it 
is a good thing for insurance companies to be able to cancel your 
health insurance when you get sick. That is what used to happen before 
ObamaCare, before the Affordable Care Act. Remember, this law has been 
in effect for 3 years, so all these benefits have gone into play. No 
more lifetime limits.
  I remember once looking at our insurance policy many years ago that 
my

[[Page S6999]]

husband got through his employer, and we thought it was a great plan. 
Then we looked at the little print that said when you reach a cap of 
$250,000, no more health insurance. Anyone who has the misfortune to 
get a serious condition, a disease, can bump up against that cap fast 
and you have no more insurance until, you pray to God, you are 65 and 
you can get Medicare. We immediately said we have to look for a 
different policy that has no caps--and of course it costs more. Under 
ObamaCare or the Affordable Care Act, no more lifetime limits, no more 
annual limits. The Republicans are so distraught at these reforms they 
are even willing to shut down the government. They are willing to delay 
ObamaCare. They are willing to defund ObamaCare. They are willing to 
repeal ObamaCare.

  Let me tell you, this is a pattern. I am going to tell you the 
pattern. I am going to show you what happened when a Democratic 
President in the 1960s came up with the idea for Medicare. I am going 
to tell you what the Republicans said then. This is not something that 
just happened to the Republican Party. They have been fighting these 
kinds of benefits, I think, for decades. They fought Social Security in 
the 1930s. But I will go to Medicare. Dick Armey said in 1995--he was 
Republican House majority leader. He had Eric Cantor's job. He said 
Medicare is ``a program I would have no part of in a free world.''
  Earth to senior citizens: Wake up. The Republican leader of the House 
in 1995 said Medicare is ``a program I would have no part of in a free 
world.'' That same year, after leading an effort to raise premiums and 
costs for senior citizens, Newt Gingrich predicted that Medicare was 
``going to wither on the vine.''
  So when you hear these Republicans rail against ObamaCare, they 
railed against Medicare. They railed against Social Security. This is 
history. This is why there is a difference in the parties.
  Listen to this. In 1965, this is what Senator Bob Dole said on the 
floor. Remember he bragged about this in 1996 during the Medicare 
fight. He said ``I was there, fighting the fight, voting against 
Medicare, because we knew it wouldn't work in 1965.''
  Really? The Republicans knew that Medicare wouldn't work in 1965. 
Here it is, 2013, and people are saying: Don't you mess with my 
Medicare. Don't you touch it. Whether they are tea partiers or 
rightwing Republicans, moderate Republicans, liberal Republicans, 
Democrats--from left to right, they all say don't mess with my 
Medicare. Look at where the Republicans were. Don't forget, Paul Ryan's 
budget destroys Medicare. It would never look the same if he had his 
way.
  I will even go back further in history and show you some of the 
things that the Republicans said about Medicare when it was brought to 
us by the Democrats. Sixty percent of the Republicans in the Senate 
voted against it, and one Representative, Durwood Hall of Missouri 
said:

       We cannot stand idly by now, as the nation is urged to 
     embark on an ill-conceived adventure in government medicine

  --that's what he called Medicare--

     the end of which no one can see, and from which the patient 
     is certain to be the ultimate sufferer.

  This man had it wrong. People love their Medicare. People tell me 
they are down on their hands and knees, praying to get the Medicare 
card, hoping they can hold out. Republicans have had it wrong. Why 
should we trust them and believe them when they say the Affordable Care 
Act is no good when we already see how many people it is helping?
  Then there was Senator Milward Simpson, way back when, in the 1960s. 
He said:

       I am disturbed about the effect this legislation would have 
     upon our economy and upon our private insurance system.

  He didn't have to be concerned. Medicare has worked beautifully. In 
the Affordable Care Act we make it better. We fix the prescription drug 
benefit. We make sure that our people on Medicare can have free 
checkups and immunizations. We strengthened it.
  Let's look at Medicare's success. Before Medicare became law, the 
majority of seniors had no health insurance. Today nearly all seniors, 
50 million, are receiving guaranteed health care through Medicare, and 
80 percent of folks on Medicare believe the program is working. If you 
look over history, over the years Medicare has been more successful 
than private insurers at holding down health care costs.
  Let me sum up. What we saw here today is some good news. Working with 
our Republicans, we managed to bring up a bill and modify it and make 
it clean, strip it of any kind of debate, and fund the government until 
the middle of November. That will give Senator Murray time to sit down 
with her counterparts and try to get a long-term solution.
  If you want a long-term solution to our deficit and debt, you have to 
have a budget. Yet Republicans over here have stopped us from going to 
conference. Once this is done we can have a conference move forward, a 
debate go forward. Let's keep these arguments where they belong, which 
is separate and apart from keeping the government going. Let's keep 
these separate and apart from paying the bills we have already 
incurred.
  I also want to say this. If you listen to Republicans, you would 
think this deficit has gone up under President Obama. President Obama 
inherited a $1.2 trillion deficit. It is now down. It has been cut in 
half. But if you listen to them, you think: Oh my God, everything is 
awful. I took a look at the charts. I took a look at deficits under 
Democratic and Republican Presidents. Oh my God, I am so proud to be a 
Democrat. Under Democratic Presidents we have had surpluses. Under Bill 
Clinton we had surpluses. As soon as the Republicans took over, 
President George W. Bush said, I am going to have a party. I am going 
to put 2 wars on the credit card. I am going to give the biggest tax 
cuts to billionaires and millionaires. Do know what happened? We had a 
crisis. Not only the worst recession since the Great Depression, but 
the deficit skyrocketed.
  All those supply-side economists were proven wrong. Give tax cuts to 
the mightiest among us and the deficit will go down. That is voodoo 
economics, as it was once called by a really good Republican President. 
That is voodoo economics.
  You are going to hear all kinds of things today in these speeches. 
But history is history. Bill Clinton had the surplus. George Bush 
turned it into the worst deficit in history. Barack Obama cut that in 
half. He rescued us with the Democrats and some brave Republicans who 
voted for economic stimulus--thank the Lord. And we are getting out of 
this mess.
  Now we have Republicans, on the far right in the House, who are 
holding our country hostage because they do not like the Affordable 
Care Act, otherwise known as ObamaCare. They voted 42 times to repeal 
it. They are ignoring the fact that we had an election about it, and 
they are ignoring the fact that they do not run the Senate or the White 
House. They run one-third of the government. Fine. God bless them. But 
they have to work with us, not against us. We need to work together.

  I served 10 proud years over there. I have never seen a situation 
where you are stopped from making any progress because 20 people belong 
to the tea party and are threatening the Speaker. The Speaker has to 
act like the Speaker of the House. He is not the Speaker of the 
Republicans, he is the Speaker of the House. Take our bill that just 
passed and put it on the floor. Some will vote aye, some will vote nay. 
Let's see what happens.
  Meanwhile, there are a lot of people who are very worried today. They 
are worried that this government is going to shut down. They are 
worried that when they call about their Social Security check, if they 
have a problem, no one will be there. They are worried, if they have a 
problem, and they want to sign up for Medicare--no one will be there. 
They are concerned that their FBI agents are furloughed. They are 
concerned.
  Maybe this concern may not sound like a big deal, but they saved for 
2 years to take their kids to the Capitol, and they want to take them 
to all the great museums and the national parks and they are closed.
  Why is this happening? Self-inflicted wound, self- inflicted wound.
  Do your job. For God's sake, don't get paid if you can't keep the 
government open. Sign on in this body to S. 55 and say I won't get paid 
if the government shuts down. Tell Speaker Boehner to do that. They did 
it over there

[[Page S7000]]

for the budget. They said if we didn't pass a budget we should not get 
paid. We did pass a budget. Now they won't let us go to conference and 
finish the work.
  What a mess we are in--self-inflicted--because people are in denial 
around here that there was an election. It was about health care. It 
was about being moderate. It was about working together. It was about 
compromise. It was not about who is the Presidential candidate who 
could lead us into the darkness and despair of complete warfare.
  Let's end that warfare. We showed we could do it today. I thank my 
Republican colleagues who voted to allow us to offer our amendment. I 
appreciate it so much. I know they are getting yelled at. They should 
be praised. But it shows, right here in this Senate, that we can come 
together. We may not like our options or our choices. Believe me, I do 
not like the amount of money we are spending to run the government. It 
is really hurting my people back home. But I am not going to shut down 
the government about it.
  Madam President, you are such a great new addition to the Senate. I 
am disappointed that you are not able to unleash your legislative 
prowess and move us forward, but we will get past this if we can work 
together.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Alabama.

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