[Congressional Record Volume 158, Number 30 (Monday, February 27, 2012)]
[Senate]
[Pages S1041-S1046]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                         MAKING THE SENATE WORK

  Mr. ALEXANDER. Madam President, some of the Senators on the 
Republican side have other appointments to make, so I am going to defer 
my remarks until the end of the colloquy.
  What I will do is first state why we are here; second, go to Senator 
Isakson, then we will go to Senator Pryor, and then back to Senator 
Collins, if we may.
  Madam President, our leaders--the Democratic leader, the majority 
leader and the Republican leader--sometimes get criticized. They have 
hard jobs, and we recognize that. We also recognize that they can't do 
their jobs unless we do our jobs well. So tonight what some of us 
thought we would do, on the Democratic side and the Republican side, is 
apply a management principle that is called ``catching people doing 
things right.''
  We believe the majority leader and the minority leader, Senator 
Inouye, the chairman of the Appropriations Committee, and Senator 
Cochran, the ranking member, are doing things exactly right when they 
say it is their intention to try to move all 12 of our appropriations 
bills through the Appropriations Committee and get them to the floor so 
we can deal with them before the next fiscal year starts. We are here 
not just to compliment them but to pledge to them our support in 
helping them achieve that goal.
  There are many important reasons we should do that, but basically it 
is our constitutional responsibility to appropriate money. It is a time 
when we need to save every penny we can. This is our best opportunity 
for oversight, and it is also good management, and it allows the Senate 
to do what the Senate ought to do, which is consider legislation, have 
a hearing, ask questions, cut out what ought to be cut out, add what 
ought to be added, vote on it, bring it to the floor, amend it, debate 
on it, and pass it or defeat it. That is what we should be doing. Only 
twice since 2000 has this Senate actually considered every single one 
of the 12 appropriations bills. Only twice, in 2001 and 2005. So it has 
been 7 years since we considered every single one of the appropriation 
bills, which is our most basic responsibility: appropriate and 
oversight.
  That is why we are here tonight. Our leaders have said this is what 
their intention is. We are here to say: You are right. Congratulations. 
We compliment you, and we are here to help you succeed. Because it is 
very difficult for our leaders to succeed if they don't have any 
followers making it possible for them to achieve their goals.
  I would defer to Senator Isakson and then to Senator Pryor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Georgia.
  Mr. ISAKSON. I thank Senator Alexander for giving me a moment on the 
floor.
  It is ironic that when I received the call last week asking if I 
would participate in this colloquy, I was traveling my State doing 
townhall meetings. I was near Ooltewah, TN, on Thursday night, north of 
Dalton, GA, and Murray County. We had a townhall meeting, and this 
fellow in the back of the room raised his hand when it came time for 
questions.
  He said: Mr. Isakson, I have got a question for you. I said: What is 
that? He said: Last night, my wife and I amended our budget that we 
established in December for this year because some things have not gone 
so well, and we had to recast how we are spending our money so we 
wouldn't go any further in debt than we already are. Why can't you all 
do the same thing? ``You all,'' talking about us.
  A few days earlier in Dublin, GA, a great, prosperous town in south 
Georgia, a similar question was asked by a Chamber of Commerce director 
who couldn't understand why the Federal Government and the Congress of 
the United States could not wrap their arms around fiscal 
responsibility, have a budget, and have appropriations acts that come 
to the floor, are debated, are amended, and the spending of the United 
States of America's government is spent like the households of the 
United States of America have to spend their money.
  So I commend Senator Alexander and Senator Pryor for bringing this to 
the floor, and I want to commend our leaders for making affirmative 
statements about the desire to bring the 12 appropriations bills to the 
floor of the Senate, debate them, let us amend them, and let us bring 
them together.
  If you think about it, in the last 3 years we have had a situation 
where we either had continuing resolutions or omnibus appropriations. 
During a difficult period of time where we have had deficits of $1.3 
trillion to $1.5 trillion, we haven't taken the time to debate how we 
are spending our money, where we are spending our money, and doing it 
in the context of what we call on the floor regular order. In fact, it 
is not hard to understand why only 11 percent of the American people 
view the Congress as favorable, because they can't understand our 
inability to do what they have to do themselves. The IRS doesn't take 
excuses on April 15 if you are not ready. You have got to be ready. If 
you are a business and you file as an LLC or a sub S corporation, on 
the 15th of January, the 15th of April, the 15th of June, and the 15th 
of September, you file a quarterly tax return; and if you don't, you 
are held accountable.
  We are now going into our fourth year, and it looks as though for the 
first time in the last 3 years we are going to have debate on the floor 
of how we spend the American people's money. I commend Senator 
Alexander and Senator Pryor, and I thank our leadership for making the 
statement of the desire to do so. I have already seen Senator Inouye 
and I have already seen Senator Cochran working diligently in the basic 
appropriations subcommittees to see to it that those bills come to the 
floor. I think it is time we do our business just as the American 
people do their business, and I commend Senator Alexander and Senator 
Pryor for calling for this colloquy tonight.

  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Arkansas.
  Mr. PRYOR. Madam President, since we have other Senators on the 
floor, what I would like to do is withhold my comments until a few of 
our other colleagues have a chance to speak, if that would be 
permissible to Senator Alexander?

[[Page S1042]]

  Mr. ALEXANDER. Madam President, I appreciate the courtesy of the 
Senator from Arkansas. The Senator from Maine is here. She has another 
appointment, and I await hearing what she has to say.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Maine is recognized.
  Ms. COLLINS. Madam President, first let me thank the Senator from 
Arkansas and the Senator from Tennessee for their usual courtesies but 
also for organizing this colloquy on the Senate floor this evening. I 
am very pleased to join my colleagues as we talk about the goal of 
taking up the fiscal year 2013 appropriations bills in what we in the 
Senate call the regular order.
  What does that mean? As the Presiding Officer is well aware, that 
means we would bring up each of the individual bills, they would be 
open to full and fair debate, they would be amended, they would be 
voted on, and we would avoid having some colossal bill at the end of 
the year that combines all the appropriations bills. Those bills are 
often thousands of pages in length. A lot of times some of the 
provisions have not had the opportunity to be thoroughly vetted. They 
really are not very transparent. They contribute to the public's 
concern about the way we do business here in Washington.
  I too join in commending the majority leader, the Republican leader, 
the chairman of the Appropriations Committee, and the vice chairman of 
the Appropriations Committee for their commitment to try to work 
together in a bipartisan fashion so each and every one of the 
appropriations bills can be brought before the full Senate so that we 
can work our will on each of these bills. I suggest that it is 
important to the Senate as an institution that we achieve this goal. It 
is also important for the American people to see that we can carry out 
our constitutional responsibility. Most of all, it is important for 
restoring trust in government that we work together in an open and 
bipartisan manner to establish priorities, to make the tough spending 
decisions that will be required, and to complete on time the work the 
Constitution requires of us.
  I believe it is important to remember that these bills make important 
investments in research, economic development, infrastructure, our 
national defense, education, and health care, and that these bills not 
only create jobs now when they are needed most but also establish the 
foundations for future growth.
  Just as important to our economic future is the need to rein in 
Federal spending. Our work must continue toward the goal of getting our 
national debt under control.
  The best way for us to achieve these goals is for each and every one 
of the appropriations bills to come before the full Senate and for us 
to work our will on those bills. That is the way the Senate should 
operate. It is the way we must operate in order to restore the faith of 
the American people in this institution.
  Let me conclude my remarks by thanking Senator Alexander and Senator 
Pryor for initiating this colloquy tonight. This is the way we can come 
together, and America will be better for it.
  Mr. ALEXANDER. Madam President, I see the Senator from Virginia, Mr. 
Warner, has arrived. He, with Senator Pryor, has been very active in 
the last several months in working across party lines to try to make 
the Senate function more effectively. I would leave it to Senator Pryor 
as to what comes next.
  Mr. PRYOR. If it is agreeable with the Senator from Tennessee, I will 
ask the Senator from Virginia to say a few words. We understand he has 
a pressing engagement. I don't think there is anything more pressing 
than when it is your wife's birthday, so he would like to say a few 
words, if that is agreeable to the Senator from Tennessee.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. WARNER. Madam President, I thank the Senator from Arkansas and my 
good friend from Tennessee for initiating this effort. Again, as a 
relatively new Senator--in fact, I jumped the line. I apologize. As the 
Presiding Officer would support, it is only in the interest of family 
values; if I were not getting to my wife's birthday in about 30 
minutes, I would be able to give more extended remarks.
  As a Senator who has only had the opportunity to serve in this body 
for 3 years, I hear my more senior colleagues talk about the old days 
or the days when the Senate took up in an orderly fashion the business 
of the people and debated it in vigorous fashion but came to conclusion 
on issues that confronted the country. We have done some of that in the 
years when I came in with the Presiding Officer. There were issues of 
major importance that we have debated. But too often in recent times, 
we have not had the favor of those kinds of debates.
  While we can disagree about many of the grave issues of the day, as a 
former businessperson, I know there is nothing more important than to 
give predictability to the enterprise we call the Federal Government. 
The way we do that is by passing spending bills--the appropriations 
bills--where hard choices are made about which programs to fund, which 
programs not to fund.
  Like my friend the Senator from Tennessee and both Senators from 
Arkansas and the Presiding Officer, I have enormous concerns about our 
debt and deficit. We are going to have to make hard choices. But if we 
are going to make those choices, we need a full and vigorous debate, a 
debate where amendments are offered, where procedural tactics are not 
used to slow that debate, and where the will of the Senate is enacted.
  I understand that the majority leader and the Republican leader have 
reached some accommodation to try to start a new way of business, and 
the first step of that business should be having us, in a fair and 
orderly process, debate appropriations bills, make those hard choices, 
and move on.
  I again thank my colleagues for their courtesy but particularly thank 
the Senator from Tennessee and the senior Senator from Arkansas for 
bringing us together on the floor to lend our voices. This might even 
be like a volunteer fire department where Members of the Senate can 
rush down on an issue of importance. I heard the call that there were 
Senators down here talking on this important issue, and I am glad to 
add my voice to it.
  I yield the floor.
  Mr. ALEXANDER. I congratulate the Senator from Virginia, who has 
worked in many different ways to try to get a result here. People say: 
I see your goal is to try to be more bipartisan. My goal is not to be 
more bipartisan, my goal is to get a result. I learned in the public 
schools of Maryville, TN, how to count, and if you need 60 votes to 
succeed and we have only 47 over here and only 53 over there, we have 
to find some things we agree on if we are ever going to get a result. 
We can start with these appropriations bills, which are our basic work.
  Not only is the senior Senator from Arkansas here today, having been 
a part of these discussions to try to help the Senate be a more 
effective institution, so is the other Senator from Arkansas. I look 
forward to hearing his remarks. I thank him for his leadership.
  Mr. BOOZMAN. Madam President, I am also here tonight to compliment my 
Senate colleagues, Senators Inouye and Cochran, and the members of the 
Appropriations Committee as well as Majority Leader Reid and Republican 
Leader McConnell as they commit to do their best to pass all 13 
appropriations bills. I also thank the senior Senator from Tennessee 
and my senior Senator from Arkansas for making this possible.
  I do think it is very important. Each one of us in this Chamber owes 
it to the American people to work together to help our country today 
and build a path for success in the future. Our Founding Fathers laid 
the foundation that allows the Senate to function effectively and 
efficiently, but it requires working together. The American people are 
tired of the finger-pointing that has stalled much of the work they 
sent us here to do, but today I am hopeful that we are seeing the light 
at the end of the tunnel which starts with trying to enact all 13 
appropriations bills through a regular process this year.
  I again applaud Majority Leader Reid, Republican Leader McConnell, 
Senators Inouye and Cochran, and also the members of the Appropriations 
Committee for agreeing to do their very best to move the appropriations 
bills forward.

[[Page S1043]]

  Determining how we spend our hard-earned taxpayer dollars is the 
basic responsibility for Congress. We know tough choices will have to 
be made on the appropriations bills, but moving forward is the right 
decision. This is an important step to reducing government spending and 
helping to balance our budget while investing in programs upon which 
Americans have come to rely. Moving forward on these bills returns the 
Senate to its proper function and provides a framework of spending so 
the American people can see and understand where their hard-earned 
money is going, as the Senator from Georgia alluded to earlier.
  In recent days Members of Congress have worked together to find 
solutions to the troubles Americans are facing. This level of 
cooperation was evident in headlines. One newspaper reported that 
``Washington is talking again.'' This should not be the exception. This 
needs to be the rule.
  I am hopeful that the agreement on moving forward with the 
appropriations bills through our regular process sets a new trend that 
will become a standard. I can see from the people who have spoken 
before me tonight and those who are waiting to talk that there is 
widespread bipartisan support for these efforts to continue.
  Our leaders' efforts show the proper way for the Senate to function, 
and I encourage all of my colleagues to come together, not only to help 
move forward on these bills, but also, as we work through regular order 
of the Senate, that will help us get our economy and our country back 
on track.
  I again thank our senior Senator from Tennessee and my senior Senator 
from Arkansas.
  Mr. ALEXANDER. Madam President, before we go to the senior Senator 
from Arkansas, I wish to thank Senator Boozman for his comments and his 
attitude. I am not a bit surprised that, since he arrived here, he has 
been a very constructive force in the Senate, interested in results. He 
was a member of the University of Arkansas football team back in the 
early 1970s, and he knows what a team is. He knows that if the quarter 
back calls a play and everybody runs in a different direction, nobody 
scores.
  It is good to have him here. He is an excellent Member of the Senate. 
I thank him for his participation tonight and yield to the Senator from 
Arkansas.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Arkansas is recognized.
  Mr. BOOZMAN. The only thing I would say is that Senator Pryor reminds 
me that I was a Razorback two stadiums ago.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Arkansas.
  Mr. PRYOR. Madam President, I likewise wish to thank Senator Boozman. 
He keeps calling me the senior Senator. We are partners. He does great 
work for the State of Arkansas, and I appreciate his leadership. 
Although he has been here a short time, his presence has definitely 
been felt in the Senate already, and I look forward to working with him 
as long as we are both here. I really appreciate him being here tonight 
because the hour is late in Washington. It is after 6:30 now, and I 
appreciate him carving out some time.

  Article I, section 9 of the U.S. Constitution simply states that ``no 
money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law.'' Like a lot of things in the Constitution, 
it is a fairly simple statement, but it is loaded with importance. We 
can all talk about this clause as a power given to Congress in the 
Constitution, and I think that is true, but I also classify it as a 
responsibility.
  As a congress, it is our responsibility to write annual 
appropriations laws to fund the government's commitments to its 
citizens. It is our responsibility to do that. The principle of an 
appropriation is a basic rule of governing, and I think a lot of people 
would agree that we have lost sight of many of the basics around here. 
I believe the basics are important, and I would like to get back to 
them, which includes the Senate--and hopefully the House--passing the 
annual appropriations bills through what we call the regular order.
  This is where I wish to thank the two leaders, Senator McConnell and 
Senator Reid, because they have a commitment. They have committed to 
each other--with the chairman and the ranking member of the 
Appropriations Committee--that we will try to get back to regular order 
and do things the way we should be doing them around here and should 
have been doing them around here all along.
  Regular order is something we talk about in this Chamber, but it is 
something many Members of the Senate, unfortunately, have never 
experienced. Last year the Senate Appropriations Committee dutifully 
passed all 12 individual appropriations bills. Yet, when they came to 
the floor, gridlock struck and the Senate was not able to pass these 
one by one as we should have. In fact, the last time we passed them one 
by one was in the year 2006, and even in that year the Congress did not 
get them done on time.
  What the leaders are talking about now is getting them moving through 
the appropriations subcommittee and the full committee and bringing 
them to the floor. As we say in regular order, let the Senate debate, 
amend, and vote on these as we go. Hopefully we will get all of these 
done on time and in the normal order, as we should. The last time 
Congress completed all of the appropriations bills one by one and on 
time was in fiscal year 1995. So we have not done a very good job, and 
this is one of the things that I think really frustrate the American 
people. It is beyond time that we get serious about this 
responsibility.
  Here again I wish to thank Senators Reid and McConnell for their 
leadership. I think we see our leaders acting like leaders and trying 
to get things moving for the fiscal year 2013 appropriations bills, but 
I must say we all recognize this is easier said than done. We all know 
that. I want them to know they have many, many of their colleagues who 
support them in this goal of getting all of the appropriations bills 
done as we should.
  We have two very respected and accomplished Senate leaders here on 
the floor, but we also have two very accomplished and respected 
Senators who run the Appropriations Committee. We could all talk a long 
time tonight about the chairman and ranking member, and I am confident 
that if as a Chamber we stand behind them and stand behind the two 
leaders, we can break this cycle of inaction here in the Senate.
  The good news for this year is that we have already enacted into law 
our top-line spending number--in technical terms, people call that a 
302 A allocation--so we know how much money we can spend on 
discretionary programs under the law. We passed that law last year. 
Even though we didn't pass a budget resolution, we did pass the Budget 
Control Act, and that total for spending is $1.047 trillion, and that 
is $686 billion for security building and $361 billion for nonsecurity. 
This was supported by 74 Members in this Chamber, 269 Members down the 
hall in the House, and it was signed into law by the President. It is 
now the law of the land, so we now have our top-line spending numbers 
in law, and hopefully that will help us jump-start the fiscal 2013 
spending appropriations process regardless of what happens to the 
budget resolution, which, by the way, totally supports getting a budget 
resolution passed. Nonetheless, we have this already in law for this 
year.
  I would like to end by saying that I believe we can pass all 12 
appropriations bills this year, and I think we can do it in a way that 
gives us ample opportunity for input, debate, and a chance to amend. 
Whether or not we will pass all 12 spending bills on time this year 
will depend on whether Members of Congress will have the will to get it 
done. I think the American people want us to get it done. They want to 
see us work together.
  Madam President, if I could ask a question of the Senator from 
Tennessee through the Chair, I would like to get his reflections, 
because Senator Alexander has been around this place for a long time, 
going back to Senator Howard Baker, who was one of the legends in the 
Senate, and Senator Alexander was able to work with him and for him and 
see the Senate as it ran differently back in those days.
  Madam President, I would like to ask through the Chair why Senator 
Alexander thinks it is so important that we get our appropriation bills 
back on track.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Tennessee.

[[Page S1044]]

  Mr. ALEXANDER. Madam President, I thank the Senator from Arkansas for 
his leadership. I will answer his question to the best of my ability.
  I suppose some people may be watching and say what we are talking 
about is a lot of ``inside baseball.'' Well, it would be like telling a 
bunch of people that talking about singing at the Grand Ole Opry is 
``inside baseball.'' This is what we do.
  I went out to see Johnny Cash at the House of Cash when I was 
Governor of Tennessee many years ago, and I didn't know quite what to 
say to him, and so I said: Johnny, how many nights do you appear on the 
road?
  With that big-old deep voice of his, he said: Oh, about 200.
  I said: My goodness. Why do you do that?
  He looked at me and said: That is what I do.
  Well, this is what we do or at least what we are supposed to do. I 
mean, we are elected by the people from Arkansas, Tennessee, North 
Carolina, and all over this country expecting us to get results. They 
sent us up here to put the country first, put our States next, and try 
to lead us in the right direction. We have our partisan differences, 
but in the end one of the things we are supposed to do is to 
appropriate dollars. It says in the Constitution, section 9, article I, 
that ``no money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law.'' That is us. So this is what we do.
  In addition to that, we are supposed to oversee the spending of that 
money. This is not the whole budget, this is only about 38 percent of 
it, but it is over $1 trillion. And at a time when we are borrowing 40 
cents of every dollar we spend, maybe the people of this country have a 
right to expect that we take up each one of these 12 appropriations 
bills, that we have our hearings on them, and that we oversee the 
spending. If we want to add to nuclear modernization, we vote on that, 
and if we want to cut Solyndra, we vote on that, but we do our job of 
appropriations, and we do our job of oversight.

  Now, Senator Pryor, the senior Senator from Arkansas, asked me what 
my reflection was upon this Senate. I have seen it for a long time. I 
came here in January of 1967 as a very young man with a newly elected 
Republican Senator from Tennessee, Howard Baker, and I watched him for 
a long time. There are many lessons in having watched the Senate for a 
long time, but one of the lessons is that the leaders cannot lead 
without any followers. This is a body that operates by unanimous 
consent. If one of us wants to grease the tracks, the train runs off 
the tracks. That is the way it works. So the leaders are not going to 
be able to complete what their stated intention is, which is to take 
these 12 appropriations bills, bring them through the committees by 
late April, early May--the House is doing the same thing, we 
understand--and then bring them to the floor so that we have a chance 
to consider them, to expose them to the light of day, amend them, vote 
on them, and pass them or reject them. That is what we do, as Johnny 
Cash said about his 200 nights on the road, and we should be doing it.
  The idea that we have not taken these 12 appropriations bills and 
brought them to the floor but 2 times since the year 2000 is a bad 
commentary on this body. It means it doesn't function the way it should 
function. I do think it functioned better in the 1970s and 1980s. When 
Senator Byrd and Senator Baker were the Democratic and Republican 
leaders, they would get unanimous consent agreements to bring bills to 
the floor. The minority would allow that, and the majority would allow 
a lot of amendments until people got tired of voting. But they could 
not have done that just by themselves. Senator Byrd and Senator Baker 
were very good leaders, but they could not have gotten that done if the 
Senators themselves didn't make it possible for the leaders to succeed.
  So I am delighted to see this discussion. I see the Senator from 
North Carolina is here, and I would be interested in her comments. My 
feeling is that there are a large number of Republicans--and I believe 
a large number of Democrats--who prefer to see the Senate work together 
to get results. I mean, we worked pretty hard to get here, and the 
people of Tennessee, Arkansas, and North Carolina expect us to get 
results, so here is a chance for us to do that. I believe our leaders 
are saying: OK, let's get this done. And we are saying: Senator Reid, 
Senator McConnell, Senator Inouye, Senator Cochran, we are going to 
help. We know it will not always be peaches and cream. There will be 
problems, but, as Senator Warner talked about a volunteer fire 
department, maybe when the bell rings and we all show up, we will make 
the Senate more effective and we will be more effective.
  Let me stop my remarks for a moment and yield to the Senator from 
North Carolina, who has been a regular participant in the discussions 
we have had about how we can make the Senate be a more effective 
institution.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Pryor). The Senator from North Carolina.
  Mrs. HAGAN. Mr. President, I am pleased to join this colloquy and to 
hear the Senator from Tennessee and the senior Senator from Arkansas 
work together on this issue. I think it is something of prime 
importance. Just as Senator Isakson went across Georgia this past week, 
I was in many cities and communities in North Carolina, and people are 
concerned, as he said, with such a low approval rating of the Congress. 
They are asking us: Why can't you work together? And, as the Senator 
from Tennessee said, when we have 47 Members in one party and 53 
Members in the other party and today we need 60 votes in order to get 
something done, we are going to have to work together in this Chamber. 
That also means the Senate and the House are going to have to come 
together and have conferences that actually work so we can get 
legislation passed--in the case we are talking about right now, getting 
the 12 appropriations bills passed.
  When I was in the North Carolina Senate, I was one of the cochairs of 
the Budget Committee. We know how to do this. We know how to get things 
done. Obviously this is a much bigger piece of the pie up here, but it 
is important to the people throughout our country that we work together 
to get these bills passed. So I am very pleased to hear this debate and 
colloquy and the commitment we have standing here and talking about and 
pledging to work together.
  I am pleased that Senator Inouye, the chairman of this committee, and 
the ranking member, Senator Cochran, are putting this together and 
bringing this forward. I applaud both the Senator from Tennessee and 
the Senator from Arkansas for holding this colloquy and bringing this 
out so the American people can hear what we are talking about and the 
commitment to move forward.
  I thank the Chair. We are here to make this place work, to make our 
country work better every day. We are going to have our differences of 
opinion. The way the Senate is structured, we should bring the bill to 
the floor and offer amendments. Let's have a vote. Let's have our 
differences of opinion. When we don't do that, we are not doing our 
job.

  I see the Senator from South Carolina has arrived. I wish to say this 
to him: For the last 45 minutes, we have had a stream of Democratic and 
Republican Senators who have come to the floor and who have 
congratulated the majority leader, the Republican leader, and the 
chairman and the ranking member of the Appropriations Committee, for 
saying we should take all 12 appropriations bills this year, bring them 
through committee properly, have all of our hearings, do our oversight, 
bring them to the floor, and then let's pass them.
  More than that, we have said we know our leaders can't be leaders if 
they don't have any followers, and it is part of our job to create an 
environment in which they can succeed. So we have come to the floor to 
say that, to pledge we are going to do that. It is not just those who 
come tonight. We represent a preponderance of Senators on our side of 
the aisle and, I am told, a preponderance of the Democrats as well.
  I would say to the Senator from South Carolina that the Senator from 
Virginia, Mr. Warner, was here a little earlier and he said the 
exercise tonight reminded him of a volunteer fire department. I believe 
I first heard those words from the Senator from South Carolina. The 
Senator from South

[[Page S1045]]

Carolina has seen the House of Representatives and he has seen the 
Senate and he has seen the condition of our country. I wish to yield to 
him in this colloquy for his thoughts on what we are doing here 
tonight.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. Hagan). The Senator from South Carolina.
  Mr. GRAHAM. Madam President, my first thought is that the American 
people are not very impressed with what we are doing up here. We have a 
congressional approval rating of about 10 to 15 percent. I think it 
would help all of us if we could go back home and say: This coming week 
we are going to be talking about the Department of Education budget; we 
are going to be talking about Veterans Affairs; we are going to be 
talking about Energy and Water.
  We want to be able to tell our mayors and people--county council, 
city council, our constituents--we are going to be debating how much 
money we will allocate for different parts of the government, even 
knowing we are broke. I think that would resonate, I say to the Senator 
from Tennessee.
  This whole idea of a volunteer fire department, when we think about 
it--particularly in the South, and I am sure it is true everywhere--
volunteer fire departments have citizens who have a lot of things to do 
but feel as though if they work together to protect each others' homes 
from devastation by fire, that would be a good thing. They are all 
volunteers. They don't get any money. They lower everybody's insurance 
premiums by having a volunteer fire department. I think a lot of 
Members of the Senate feel very frustrated, as does the average person 
on the street. We want to do better. So we are volunteering our 
services here to the body so that if we will do things that make sense 
to the American people, count us in to kind of push the ball up the 
hill.
  The good news, I say to my colleague, is our leaderships have 
committed to this. Without ``followship,'' it doesn't matter what they 
say. This is going to take discipline in this body. I expect those on 
the other side of the aisle to take votes they won't like, and I expect 
those on this side of the aisle to take votes we won't like. But we 
have to have some discipline about it. We want the bills to get done in 
an orderly fashion, and we want the Senate to be a Senate.
  This comes about because Senator Warner spent a lot of time getting 
us all together. This volunteer fire department idea we have, the 
Senator from Tennessee and Senator Warner have made this happen. We had 
several dinners among the people here tonight to try to find a way to 
get the Senate back to doing business. I am convinced that if we could 
bring one appropriations bill to the floor, have an honest debate about 
how much we should spend on that part of the government, have 
amendments relevant and not relevant but in an orderly fashion, that 
would be momentum to get the Senate back to being the Senate. That 
would help us all and it would help the country.
  I want to tell Senator Reid and Senator McConnell: Don't let this 
moment pass. We have your back and we want to conduct the Senate in a 
way that is more traditional than is going on today.
  I came here to do things. I think everybody who has spoken here 
tonight is telling the public and telling each other: Enough is enough. 
This is a lousy way--to appropriate a couple three trillion dollars at 
the end of the year in a big bill nobody reads. If you think that is a 
broken system, we agree. We don't like the idea of passing a bill in 
the last week of the fiscal year--3,000, 4,000 pages, whatever it is--
and nobody knows what is in it, but that is the only way we can run the 
government if we didn't go back to the normal course of business. So 
for those who want better government, this will give us better 
government. If you want to do something constructive, this gives us an 
opportunity. For those who want to set priorities, this allows you to 
do it.
  To the leaders of the Senate: If you will follow through with this, 
it will pay enormous dividends for the body. And to Senators Alexander, 
Pryor, and others who have been in the volunteer fire department, I 
think this is a good moment for the Senate and I am proud to be 
associated with it, and if it happens, it will be because of what they 
have done.
  Mr. ALEXANDER. Madam President, before we go back to the Senator from 
Arkansas, I have a question I wish to ask the Senator from South 
Carolina. First, I am not sure he was here when I referred to the Grand 
Ole Opry. I haven't been doing that because it is in Nashville. But it 
has occurred to me over the last several months that there is a lot 
about what we do that is like the Grand Ole Opry. I know a lot of 
performers of the Opry, members of the Opry. They sing and pick in 
every little bar in the South for 20 years until finally, by skill and 
by accident, they get an invitation to join the Grand Ole Opry. What 
would they think if they joined the Grand Ole Opry and then they 
weren't allowed to sing?
  That is kind of the way we are in the Senate. We are lucky to be 
here. We are political accidents in a sense. But we worked hard to be 
here--almost all of us on both sides. So the idea of coming here, 
working hard to be here, being elected by the people who sent us, and 
then not being allowed to amend or vote or debate is unacceptable. That 
is what we want to do with these 12 bills.

  The Senator from South Carolina reminded me of a specific example of 
that--the deep ports in the United States. If we are going to export 
American-made goods and create more jobs in our country, we are going 
to have to have deep ports. We have a real problem in the way we 
finance that in the Federal Government, and we would be a stronger 
country if we could discuss that in the Appropriations Committee. If we 
don't fix it there, we should bring it to the floor and have amendments 
and have a debate and let people see what is going on.
  Would the Senator agree that would be a perfect example of what we 
should be doing?
  Mr. GRAHAM. I think the Senator from Tennessee picked the best 
example I can think of simply because the Charleston harbor deepening 
is probably the No. 1 issue for the State of South Carolina.
  The Panama Canal is going to be widened and the cargo ships that are 
going to be on the oceans of the world in the next few years are three 
times the size of the cargo ships that exist today. Shipping as we know 
it is going to change. What does that mean? It means harbors such as 
Savannah and Charleston--just name a harbor on the east coast--are 
going to have to be deeper to accept these ships.
  What does it mean for shipping? Ships that would normally deposit 
their goods in California can now access the east coast. So east coast 
ports, based on common sense and merit, have to be deepened. If we 
brought the Energy and Water appropriations bill through the committee 
and to the floor, it would make us all think about that. Because when I 
hear the President say we want to double exports in the next 5 years, 
count me in. It would be thousands of jobs--millions of jobs--created 
in America. How do we get those products to the customers overseas if 
our ports are not modernized to adjust to the change in shipping? Then 
it is a statement that will not bear fruit. Go to Shanghai, go to Hong 
Kong and other ports, go to Mideast ports, and we are 20 years behind.
  This is a good example of how, if we took the Energy and Water 
appropriations bill, among ourselves we could create a national vision 
to deepen ports to adjust to shipping changes. If we keep continuing to 
appropriate in the last week of the session in a bill that nobody 
reads, not only will our fellow citizens think poorly of us, we won't 
have a vision. So this is a good example of why if we took every 
appropriations bill, put it through committee and brought it to the 
floor, we could come up with ways to make smart decisions.
  I guess what we are talking about is that spending $2 trillion or $3 
trillion in a week where only four of five people know what is in the 
bill is not smart. We all did come here to have our say, and I have a 
thousand ideas about ports.
  So, my friend in Arkansas, if the port of Charleston is deepened and 
other east coast ports are deepened and the cargo containers are three 
times the volume we have today, what does that mean for the Mississippi 
River? It means it has to be widened and deepened. Because the cargo we 
unload on

[[Page S1046]]

the east coast has to get to the interior of the country. I want to 
have a vision for interior ports, because one thing could affect the 
other. And the only way the Senate can make smart decisions is to break 
the government into 12 parts, as we have been doing for a long time, 
and get back to doing business in a more traditional fashion.
  This is a classic example: If we brought the Energy and Water 
appropriations bill to the floor, people other than me would have a say 
about what to do, given the change in shipping. And if we don't do it 
in the normal course of business--if we keep doing this in the last 
week of the session--we are going to be left behind as a Nation.
  This is a great example of why we should do appropriations bills in 
the normal course of business. If we can pull this off in 2012, it will 
not be a lost year; it will be where we can do some good for the 
public.
  So I thank you very much. I yield the floor.
  Mr. PRYOR. Madam President, I have one thing to say in closing while 
my two colleagues are still on the floor: Today, Senator Shaheen read 
Washington's Farewell Address which we have been doing in the Senate 
since 1888. One of the reasons we do that is because President 
Washington calls to us through history to do our best.
  We talk about this issue in South Carolina--deepening the port of 
Charleston. Certainly President Washington knew about the port of 
Charleston. It was a huge asset for this fledgling Nation of ours. He 
had no idea about a Panama Canal. He had no idea about goods coming 
over from China. He certainly had no idea about goods coming in from 
the west coast because at that point he was hoping we would get to 
Appalachia. He had no idea what was going to happen here. But he calls 
to us from history to do our job and accept the challenges that come 
our way.
  The appropriations bills shouldn't be a challenge. That is nuts-and-
bolts good government.
  This week in Arkansas we had five townhall meetings and they were 
great. I got lots of good questions; a few pointed questions. My 
colleagues know how it goes because they have participated in those as 
well. It was great. It is democracy in action. When people can show up 
in a community and ask their Senator questions, that means the system 
is working. It is working back home, but we need to get it to work up 
here. That is what I heard over and over this week in Arkansas, is the 
expectations for this Congress are very low for this year. We talk 
about a 10-percent approval rating. I am sometimes surprised it is that 
high.
  Mr. GRAHAM. Madam President, if the Senator will yield, here is the 
good news: It wouldn't take much to exceed expectations. But I want to 
say to the west coast Senators that their ports need to be modernized 
too. They need transportation hubs around their ports. The whole 
infrastructure regarding export opportunities in this country has 
deteriorated because of a lack of vision.
  Wal-Mart is a pretty good model of how business works. They get 
thousands of millions of products a day out to stores all over the 
country. They do it in a business fashion: FedEx--Federal Express--UPS. 
The Federal Government is stuck in the 1950s and we need to change 
that. I think the appropriations process is the right vehicle to do it.
  Mr. PRYOR. That does go back to the appropriations process, because 
obviously those things require money, they take investment in our 
future. But the truth is if we are stymied in our appropriations 
process, there are a lot of good things that we can't get done. But 
when they go through, we can take care of the challenges that present 
themselves around the country. We have a lot of need in this country. I 
am certainly a promoter of investing in infrastructure, and the ports 
are very important to our Nation.
  With that, I yield to the Senator from Tennessee.
  Mr. ALEXANDER. Madam President, I wish to thank the Senator from 
South Carolina for his leadership in helping to make the Senate work 
and for his good example and for his giving us a specific example--the 
deep ports--as to why it is important that we set out to do what we are 
elected to do, which is to say, the Port of Charleston and the Port of 
Savannah have to be deepwater ports if we want to keep our jobs. That 
needs to be said in the Senate. It needs to be said in the subcommittee 
and in the full committee, and it needs to be said on the floor.
  It is encouraging to me when Senators such as the Senator from North 
Carolina and Arkansas and Virginia from that side of the aisle, and the 
Senator from South Carolina and the Senator from Maine and the junior 
Senator from Arkansas and the Senator from Georgia on this side of the 
aisle--I think we would all say firmly that while we are only several 
Senators, the words we speak are the same feelings that a large number 
of Senators on both sides of the aisle feel.
  We want to get results. We want to do our jobs. We want to create an 
environment in which our leaders can succeed. We know that if we want 
to, we can do that. And we should do it because it is our 
constitutional responsibility, because oversight is our responsibility, 
because it is lazy management if we allow it to go to the end of the 
year and end up with a great big pile of bills in an omnibus or a 
continuing resolution, which is worse.

  We need to go over spending item by item. I am on six subcommittees. 
All three of us are on the Appropriations Committee. We will probably 
have 30 hearings in the next 2 or 3 months. We will have a good 
opportunity to go through $1 trillion of discretionary spending and try 
to spend it wisely and to save money wherever we can.
  One last thing: When these spending bills come to the floor and we 
debate them and approve them, we can show the American people that 
discretionary spending is not the biggest problem we have with spending 
in this country. Discretionary spending is 38 percent of the budget, 
and according to the Congressional Budget Office it is scheduled to go 
up over the next 10 years at the rate of inflation. The rest of the 
budget, which is largely our entitlement programs, is scheduled to grow 
up to four times the rate of inflation. If it does that, we will be a 
bankrupt country after about 10 or 12 years. So there is every reason 
in the world for us to bring these bills to the floor.
  My concluding sentence is this: We congratulate the Democratic and 
Republican leaders and the chairman and ranking member of the 
Appropriations Committee. We believe our job is to bring all 12 bills 
through committee and to the floor and pass them before the fiscal year 
starts. We, on both sides of the aisle--those of us who have spoken and 
many others who feel the same way--pledge our support to help our 
leaders achieve that result.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Begich). The Senator from Arkansas.
  Mr. PRYOR. Mr. President, I thank Senator Alexander from Tennessee 
for his leadership on this issue. He is the one who wanted to come here 
and praise the two leaders for their leadership. Again, they are 
demonstrating leadership by reaching this agreement and trying to 
change recent practice around here. They want to set a new standard for 
getting it done as we are supposed to get it done.
  So I thank my friend and colleague from Tennessee for all of his hard 
work, and this is just the tip of the iceberg. He is working on many 
ways to try to make this institution run better and to make the 
American people proud of the Senate. So I thank the Senator for that.

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