[Congressional Record Volume 158, Number 11 (Wednesday, January 25, 2012)]
[House]
[Pages H171-H174]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                              {time}  1110
                        HIGH-LEVEL NUCLEAR WASTE

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the Speaker's announced policy of 
January 5, 2011, the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Shimkus) is 
recognized for 60 minutes as the designee of the majority leader.


                     Senator Mark Kirk's Condition

  Mr. SHIMKUS. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the leadership for allowing 
me this time to come to the floor. I'm going to do two short items, and 
then I'll address the weekly discussion on high-level nuclear waste and 
Yucca Mountain.
  First, because of this day and our focus on the sacrifice of our 
colleague Gabby Giffords, let me update my colleagues on Senator Mark 
Kirk's progress, since he was a former colleague in this Chamber.
  Senator Kirk's early prognosis is good, and his doctors are pleased 
with his progress at this point. As the Senator continues his recovery, 
his offices will remain open to constituents. I will just add very 
similarly, Congresswoman Giffords' staff continued to do the best job 
they could to serve the constituents of her congressional district. 
While she was unable to attend to many events, staff really did pick up 
the ball and carry it for her, as Senator Kirk's staff will continue to 
do for the State of Illinois.
  During Mark's five terms in the House of Representatives and his 
first in the Senate, Senator Kirk has worked tirelessly on behalf of 
his constituents. From traveling around the State holding town halls, 
to working with Members on both sides of the aisle to build consensus 
on key issues, to traveling overseas to advocate for strengthening 
America's security in relationships with foreign nations, Senator Kirk 
has demonstrated endless energy and dedication in public service. I 
have no doubt that he will return to the Senate with the same zeal and 
passion for his job that he had when he first entered this Chamber 12 
years ago.


                         Tribute to Frank Cook

  Mr. SHIMKUS. Secondly, Mr. Speaker, I am a member of the NATO 
Parliamentary Assembly. It's an organization designed around 
legislators from all of our NATO countries. It's been in existence over 
50 years. Since the legislative bodies in most chambers are the funding 
for the military, it's important that the legislative body talks about 
NATO's role in the past, in the present, and in the future.
  During my time as a member of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, I 
became great friends with a member of the British Parliament who 
recently passed away, and I would like to pay tribute to him.
  Mr. Speaker, I would like to pay tribute to my British friend and 
colleague, Frank Cook, who passed away on January 12. Frank was a 
longtime colleague of mine in the NATO Parliamentary Assembly. As you 
know, the Assembly brings together Members of Congress with their 
counterparts from Canada and Europe to talk about issues that concern 
us all. As a leading member of the Defense Security Committee, Frank 
Cook made vital contributions in debates in the Assembly from the mid-
1980s to 2010 on issues as wide ranging as Afghanistan, arms control 
with Russia, NATO's operation in Kosova, and its relations with Ukraine 
and other partners. He also served as vice president of the Assembly.
  Frank embodied the spirit of the transatlantic alliance. He was never 
shy to express his opinions with a clear mind and a sharp wit. Even 
when Frank and I disagreed on policy, we remained friends and allies 
because we shared the values that underpin NATO: freedom, democracy, 
fundamental human rights, and the rule of law. We both believed that 
the NATO Alliance was critical to our collective security and defense, 
and that we as legislators in our own countries needed to do everything 
we could to make sure it was capable of meeting the threats we face in 
the 21st century.
  I can recall many unforgettable experiences I've shared with Frank. I 
observed him lead a forceful debate on controversial issues and get all 
sides mad, like a debate he led on Nagorno-Karabakh in Quebec in 2006.
  He and I took incoming artillery fire from the Taliban in Kandahar 
Airfield in 2007.
  During the summer of 2010, we visited Greenland together. We visited 
a military encampment called Point North, which is north of the Arctic 
Circle. The dogs there pull sleds and provide early warning for polar 
bears. They appear quite scary, but Frank was the first to amble up and 
pet them.
  Frank was a throwback to a time when characters could be listed--and 
by being listed, in parliamentary speak, that means being put on the 
party list for election--so Frank was a throwback to a time when 
characters could be listed and serve constituencies.
  But perhaps my most memorable experience was when Frank would 
regularly treat us with the best performance of ``My Way'' since Old 
Blue Eyes himself--not a small feat for a Brit.
  I learned a great deal from him, and he will be deeply missed by many 
of his friends at the NATO Parliamentary Assembly and here in Congress.
  Now to the business at hand, Mr. Speaker. Again, thank you for 
letting me come down once again to talk

[[Page H172]]

about a very pressing and important issue in this country, one that I'm 
going to continue to use the bully pulpit for to help educate my 
colleagues, the public as a whole, even you, Mr. Speaker, on the need 
to address the issue of high-level nuclear waste in this country.
  It's an issue that has been around since the development of the 
nuclear weapon system that we used to win World War II. Some of that 
waste is still there from that time, and it still sits in the same 
location of 40-50 years ago. It has hit the international stage with 
the experience that Japan has had in Fukushima Daiichi and the tsunami, 
not just the generating facilities themselves but what happened to the 
nuclear waste on-site, and an international nuclear disaster that still 
is making it difficult for our allies in Japan and really causes us to 
make sure that we look at our systems and understand what is our 
national policy on high-level nuclear waste and why we are not moving 
forward.
  What I've done in my times coming to the floor is go around the 
country and highlight where nuclear waste sites are and compare it to 
where we, by Federal law, have stated our nuclear waste should be 
stored. This is all under the 1982 Energy Policy Act, and a site was 
located under that law in 1987. So let's go through the area for a 
brief review.
  This is what happens when we no longer have pages on the House floor 
to help us.
  The first site I visited personally was in Washington State and the 
site is called Hanford, which was a good place to start in this tour of 
where nuclear waste is because the vast majority of nuclear waste 
stored here is Department of Defense and Department of Energy waste 
that was used to develop our nuclear weapons systems during World War 
II.
  There are 57 million gallons of nuclear waste on-site, mostly in 
large tanks of 750,000 to a million gallons each. The waste is stored 
10 feet underground. The waste is 250 feet above the water table, and 
the waste is 1 mile from the Columbia River. And something that is not 
listed there, some of that waste is leaking from the tanks.

                              {time}  1120

  So let's compare it to the site that we have decided by law to 
establish, which is Yucca Mountain. Yucca Mountain has currently no 
nuclear waste on-site. The waste would be stored 1,000 feet 
underground. The waste is 1,000 feet above the water table, and the 
waste would be 100 miles from the Colorado River. Nuclear waste next to 
the Columbia River or nuclear waste stored underneath a mountain in a 
desert? That is site number one.
  Next, not to pick on other States to the exclusion of mine, the next 
location I talked about was the Zion power plant, decommissioned, high-
level nuclear waste still on-site. Let's compare it to Yucca Mountain. 
Sixty-five casks containing 1,135 metric tons of nuclear waste, the 
waste is stored above the ground, 5 feet above the water table and 
1,300 feet from Lake Michigan. And, of course, this is Lake Michigan 
right there.
  Part of the time what I've been doing is highlighting a location and 
then looking at the States surrounding. The State of Wisconsin has two 
nuclear power plants, both on Lake Michigan similarly located. Of 
course, the stats for Yucca Mountain are the same.
  Let me add here that we have already spent $15 billion to study this 
site of Yucca Mountain, 20 years in the making; and we still wait.
  I'm not sure if this is still in the proper order that I have come 
down to the floor, but the next nuclear power plant that I wanted to 
highlight was San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station. Now, this one is 
in California, and it's right next to the Pacific Ocean on the opposite 
side from where Japan is. You can see the waves, and you can see how 
close it is to the Pacific Ocean. At this power plant, there are 2,300 
waste rods on-site. The waste is stored above the ground and in pools, 
and it's adjacent to the Pacific Ocean, as I said, and 45 miles from 
San Diego.
  Yucca is 90 miles to 100 miles from Las Vegas, and it's also located 
on government property the size of the State of Rhode Island. It's 
controlled by a couple of entities, the Department of Energy being one, 
the Bureau of Land Management being another, and the third one, it is a 
nuclear test site where we tested nuclear weapons years ago.
  I didn't mention Zion nuclear power plant. Zion is located about 45 
miles from Chicago, Illinois. There is another nuclear power plant, and 
that is located in Massachusetts. As you can see, it's next to Cape 
Cod, the Pilgrim generating facility. There are 2,918 spent fuel 
assemblies on-site. Waste is stored above the ground in pools. And why 
is that important? Part of the problem in Fukushima Daiichi was that 
there was waste stored in pools. Because of the disaster, we're not 
really sure what happened. Either the foundation was cracked and the 
coolant water left the pond, or the power went off, the water couldn't 
circulate, the heat by the rods evaporated the water, then the heat on 
heat caused the rods to, in essence, start to melt, which is a very 
dangerous situation.
  So much of our nuclear waste throughout this country is stored in 
pools around the country. Why is that important? Because it's our 
national policy, based upon a law passed in 1982, followed up by the 
location site in '87, that we are to have one geological repository, 
not nuclear waste stored all over this country; but we would have one 
centralized location. Now, it's important to add that in the next 
couple of days, the Blue Ribbon Commission is going to come out with a 
report, and we think it's going to say that it's in the national 
interest to have one geological repository for high-level nuclear 
waste. And we await, with interest, that report.
  Now we go to Idaho National Labs, a Federal national laboratory in 
Idaho. Comparing it to where nuclear waste would be stored if we would 
continue to comply with Federal law, we have in Idaho there 5,090 
canisters of waste. A good point to note on this waste, a lot of this 
waste, again, is from the research done on nuclear power and nuclear 
weapons systems. And in that process, you create waste. In Hanford, as 
they're trying to decide what to do with the waste, the containment 
systems to transport the waste have all been designed with the plan to 
store in Yucca Mountain.
  So when you look at the 53 million gallons in Hanford, and we're 
going to move that waste out of Washington State and into Yucca, time, 
effort, energy, and money has gone in to preparing the technology to 
move this waste and store it in Yucca Mountain, similar to Idaho 
National Labs. Currently, though, we have 5,090 canisters on-site, 
waste is stored above the ground, waste is 500 feet above the water 
table, and the waste is 50 miles from Yellowstone National Park.
  Then we go to the great Southeast in the State of Georgia, and we 
look at the Savannah generating station where you have 6,300 canisters 
of nuclear waste on-site, water is stored right below the ground zero 
to 160 feet above the water table. And as you can see from the photo, 
it's right next to the Savannah River.
  Part of the debate that the environmental left and anti-nuclear folks 
told us about is water in the desert and how it's going to affect 
nuclear waste. And part of the educational process that I've learned 
going through the different sites is you really can't find a nuclear 
power site--and, of course, all nuclear waste generated is still on-
site--that's not close to a body of water. So that's this whole issue 
about would you rather have it next to a body of water or would you 
rather have it in a desert. I think that debating point is pretty 
clear. So that's Savannah generating station versus Yucca Mountain.
  Right before the end of last year, I came down on the floor and the 
location that I was to talk about next--of course, I got off topic a 
little bit and didn't really clarify and identify--is Turkey Point. 
Turkey Point is in the State of Florida. And, of course, again, we're 
comparing it to Yucca Mountain. At Turkey Point, you have 1,074 metric-
ton vehicles of spent fuel on-site. The waste is stored above the 
ground in pools. Waste is on the Biscayne Bay at sea level, and the 
waste is 10 miles from the Everglades versus Yucca Mountain.
  Again, defined by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, Yucca was 
established by Federal law, by this Chamber and the other Chamber and 
the President of the United States in 1987.

[[Page H173]]

Yucca Mountain is in a desert; the storage site would be underneath a 
mountain in that desert far away from any population that would be 
immediately affected.
  Another location that I was to address last week, which I also got 
off topic, is the Sequoyah Nuclear Generating Station. Sequoyah is in 
Tennessee, but it's right on the South Carolina border. At Sequoyah, 
there are 1,094 metric-ton vehicles of spent fuel on-site. The waste is 
stored above ground in pools in dry casks, waste is 25 feet from the 
groundwater, and waste is 14 miles from Chattanooga on Chickamauga 
Lake.
  What I've done once we get to new States that I haven't really 
identified is then I've gone and looked at the Senators' past 
statements and/or their voting record on this because we had a vote on 
the floor this year on whether we should move forward with the dollars 
to finish the final scientific study by the Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission, and that vote was 297 ``yes.''

                              {time}  1130

  Now, there's only 435 Members in this Chamber; a huge bipartisan vote 
that really sent a signal of where the will of this Chamber is.
  So why can't we move forward? The issue is the majority leader of the 
Senate happens to be from the State of Nevada. And to really get the 
Senate to move, you have to hold the Senators from these States 
accountable, or at least for them to state a position as to where they 
stand on where the nuclear waste currently is, and really what is the 
proposal and what should we do with it.
  So having done that before, I then look at the Senators from the 
State of Tennessee and the State of North Carolina. Senator Alexander 
is a ``yes.'' Senator Corker is a ``no.'' Senator Burr is a ``yes.'' A 
``yes'' is let's move our nuclear waste to Yucca Mountain in a desert 
underneath a mountain.
  Senator Hagan is silent. What do I mean by ``silent''? We couldn't 
find any public statements. Of course, the Senate has not cast a vote. 
So we hope maybe the Senator will sometime make her position known, but 
as for now we will list her as being silent. Again, why is that 
important? Because we really need to find out where the Senators are.
  Under the Senate rules, to break a filibuster you have to have 60 
votes. So I'm hoping that through this process we will finally tally 
them up, which is what I'll do at the end of my time, and kind of show 
you where we are so far.
  Now, I still have a couple of places around the country to address. 
Remember that these are just one--many States like mine. I've pointed 
out Zion, but we actually have six sites and 11 reactors. Illinois has 
a huge nuclear power plant. Fifty percent of our electricity comes from 
nuclear power. So even though I'm mentioning a few, you can multiply 
that by three, as far as how many nuclear power plants are out there. 
And equivalently, if there is a nuclear power plant in your State, then 
your State is the storage site for nuclear waste right now.
  The State that I came to the floor on to highlight today and the 
region is the State of Arkansas and the State of Missouri. Now, 
Missouri, as I know--I'm from Illinois. I'm from southern Illinois. I 
know the State of Missouri well. The State of Missouri has a nuclear 
power plant called Callaway. So the same thing I'm mentioning here on 
this power plant in Arkansas you can make for the Callaway plant.
  So let's look at the one we've chosen, which is a power plant called 
Nuclear One. Again, Nuclear One has 1,260 MTBs of spent fuel on site 
versus none at Yucca Mountain. Nuclear One has waste stored above the 
ground in pools and dry casts. Obviously, there's no nuclear waste at 
Yucca Mountain, but if there were, where would it be stored? It would 
be stored 1,000 feet underneath the ground.
  Nuclear One has waste adjacent to a water supply. Of course, you can 
see the photo right here. As I've highlighted, in almost every nuclear 
power plant or waste site there's water nearby. Well, of course Yucca 
Mountain is in a desert, so the waste would be stored 1,000 feet above 
the water table. Nuclear One has waste on Lake Dardanelle, a reservoir 
on the Arkansas River.
  Now, what's a reservoir? I think, by definition, a reservoir is a 
body of water that you've created to hold water for public use, whether 
that's for recreation or for drinking and stuff. So there you have, 
you've got Nuclear One right on this reservoir.
  Now, what about the Senators from the State of Arkansas? I mean, are 
they happy with this nuclear waste on site? So let's look at their 
positions. We actually have a few other States represented, too.
  First, from the State of Arkansas, we have Senator Boozman, one of 
our former colleagues, has a stated position and cast votes in support 
of Yucca Mountain. Senator Pryor, as far as we can tell, is silent. 
From Iowa, Senator Grassley is a ``yes.'' Senator Harkin is not only 
silent, he's a ``no.'' So not sure why that would be, maybe because 
Iowa doesn't have nuclear power plants in the State of Iowa, but 
there's definitely some around there. It must be his position that 
nuclear waste stored around this country is okay.
  Then you go to the State of Kansas. Another colleague, former 
colleague, Senator Moran, has voted ``yes'' on Yucca Mountain as a good 
place to put high-level nuclear waste in a single repository. Senator 
Roberts, also a ``yes'' vote. From the State of Missouri, another 
former colleague of ours, Senator Blunt is a ``yes'' on moving high-
level nuclear waste from the State of Missouri to a desert underneath a 
mountain. Senator McCaskill is silent on this, which, again, since I'm 
next door to the State of Missouri, I know that the Callaway nuclear 
power plant is in the State of Missouri, and Senator McCaskill is 
silent on that issue.
  So what's our scorecard? Where are we at with going around the 
country? Because remember, Mr. Speaker, because of the Senate rules, we 
have to get to 60 to really push something through. So we've identified 
what we believe is actually 36 ``yes'' votes so far. We've identified 
actually 10. This should be updated. We have 10 that we really don't 
know their position; in other words, they have no public statement or 
they have not cast a vote. And then we have eight definite ``noes,'' 
which means they have made public statements in opposition to moving 
nuclear waste underneath a mountain in a desert or they've cast a vote 
somewhere in some type or signed a letter. We're happy to be corrected 
on any of this analysis of where Senators are, but I think it's time 
that we start to get some accountability in this process.

  Why have we not moved forward on Yucca Mountain? And the answer is 
pretty clear that when this administration was running for the 
Presidency, he, wanting to get support from the senior Senator from the 
State of Nevada, promised not to move forward. That's fine. It was a 
political decision. He's holding to his commitment to do that at the 
cost of what? Nuclear waste being held across this country, in States 
around this country, in places that, after Fukushima Daiichi, you might 
argue might not be the best place to have this nuclear waste.
  So the President and the Majority Leader of the Senate has placed 
this in the political realm. Elections have consequences. We're 
approaching an election cycle. There will be Senators on the ballot in 
November. What is their position on what their State, and what should 
be the national position on what we do with high-level nuclear waste.
  So we do know we've got a lot who are on record saying nuclear waste 
ought to go in a single repository in a desert underneath a mountain. 
We do believe that the Blue Ribbon Commission this week will say this 
country needs a single repository.
  We do have 10 Senators that we do not know their positions; and, to 
their credit, we have eight that we do know their position in 
opposition. But it looks, from being a casual observer, and if the 
trend continues, that we're getting close to a majority of U.S. 
Senators that say that we should have a single repository, and that 
single repository should be what's been identified under the Nuclear 
Waste Policy Act and the following legislation in 1987 that said Yucca 
Mountain is the site.

                              {time}  1140

  Why is this important? Fukushima Daiichi is example number one, the

[[Page H174]]

health and wellness of our citizens, the location of all of this 
nuclear waste. We have to continue to highlight these concerns because 
the nuclear waste isn't going away. In fact, we have got some nuclear 
power plants being constructed right now. Maybe in 10 or 15 years, they 
will start generating. When they do, they will start creating nuclear 
waste, and that nuclear waste is going to have to go somewhere.
  The question that we have highlighted throughout this year we'll 
finish in a couple of months. Should that be in all these States and 
all these locations, or should it be at a single repository?
  Mr. Speaker, I look forward to coming down numerous times in the 
future to continue to identify each State, each Senator, and then allow 
the public access to the information so that they can make a decision 
if this is an important criteria in this next election cycle. I hope 
that the answer would be yes so that we would follow up on a national 
policy to deal with high-level nuclear waste.
  We have only spent $15.5 billion in over 20 years to identify Yucca 
Mountain as a site. If we were to try to find a new site, we throw away 
the $15 billion, the 20 years of research, and we will have to have 
another 20-year time for research and development and another $15 
billion to get to the same location we are today.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.

                          ____________________