[Congressional Record Volume 157, Number 84 (Monday, June 13, 2011)]
[Senate]
[Pages S3728-S3732]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
By Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota (for himself, Mr. Shelby, Mr.
Kerry, Mr. McCain, Mr. Levin, Mr. Lieberman, and Mr. Reed):
S. 1180. A bill to authorize the President to confiscate and vest
certain property of the Government of Libya and to authorize the use of
that property to provide humanitarian relief to and for the benefit of
the people of
[[Page S3729]]
Libya, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Banking, Housing,
and Urban Affairs.
Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. President, today I join Senator
Shelby and other senior Senators to introduce the Libyan Assets for
Humanitarian Relief Act of 2011, designed to explicitly authorize the
President to confiscate and distribute some of the assets of Muammar
Qaddafi's government to be used to provide urgent humanitarian relief
for the people of Libya. This issue lies within the jurisdiction of the
Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs because it involves
frozen assets being held by U.S. banks and other financial
institutions. We are joined by Chairman Kerry of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee, Armed Services Committee Chairman Levin and
Ranking Minority Member John McCain, and Homeland Security and
Government Affairs Committee Chairman Lieberman as original cosponsors
of this measure.
A few weeks ago the President's senior advisors from the Treasury
Department, the State Department, and the White House came to Congress
and provided draft legislation to explicitly authorize the President to
seize and vest the Qaddafi government's assets to be used to benefit
the Libyan people. This measure is an updated version of that
legislation, imposing certain conditions on that authority, and
providing for certain reporting, tracking and auditing requirements on
the use of the funds.
Currently, there are approximately $36 billion in Libyan Government
assets in banks and other financial institutions subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States, both here and abroad. According to
the Treasury Department, a little over $8.1 billion is physically
present in the U.S.--and of that, a little over $200 million is in cash
and available for immediate seizure and use to support humanitarian
efforts in Libya. This measure would allow for confiscation of up to $8
billion of the Qaddafi government's assets--plus an additional $2
billion if necessary to avert an imminent humanitarian emergency.
The bill provides for the confiscation and distribution of the funds
in two batches--the first $4 billion could be seized, vested and
distributed upon the bill's enactment, and a second $4 billion could be
confiscated and released after a 30-day notification period designed to
give Congress an opportunity to deny the seizure of the funds via
enactment of a joint resolution of disapproval. The additional $2
billion could be released upon certification of a humanitarian
emergency.
Notwithstanding how my colleagues feel about the current military
situation, or U.S. involvement in Libya--and I know there is a wide
range of opinions in Congress on that issue, which we'll likely debate
on the Senate floor soon--one thing is clear: in the wake of continuing
violence perpetrated by the Libyan regime against its own people, there
is a real, urgent and growing need for humanitarian relief and
assistance.
The U.S. has already provided tens of millions of dollars of its own
funds in relief aid for Libya's citizens, and last week pledged
additional aid. This bill would simply authorize the confiscation of
certain assets of the Government of Libya, already frozen by the U.S.
government under existing legal authorities, to be used to provide
additional humanitarian relief to meet urgent needs there. It would
effectively give the true owners of these assets--the Libyan people--
access to some of their own money to provide relief for Libya's
citizens.
The bill authorizes the President to seize and distribute these
assets. I understand the Administration intends the funds to be
overseen by the State Department, and to go mainly through non-
governmental humanitarian relief and development organizations
currently active in Libya; this measure ultimately allows the President
to decide who the recipients are, with some limitations. It also
requires that the funds be used only for purposes related to
humanitarian relief, consistent with UN Security Council resolutions on
this matter, and imposes a set of accounting, recordkeeping and
Congressional reporting requirements on the funds.
It requires that the funds not go to anyone or any organization whose
assets are blocked under U.S. law, or those identified as terrorists or
affiliated with terrorist organizations, or those complicit in human
rights abuses. It also provides the President with powerful
investigative and penalty authorities, to ensure appropriate
distribution of the funding and to combat any potential fraud in the
distribution of aid. The Administration has made clear that such assets
would be disbursed only through partners that meet U.S. legal and
policy standards that the United States generally applies to the
provision of assistance, including those relating to human rights and
transparent oversight of the disbursements. While these are not U.S.
taxpayer funds, I believe we still have a fiduciary responsibility for
its efficient and effective distribution, and that's why we have
imposed these important accountability measures.
Such seizure of another government's assets is not unprecedented. In
the past, the U.S. government has seized and frozen the assets of other
governments with whom we were involved in a conflict, going all the way
back to World War I. The latest example is when we seized and used a
portion of Iraqi government assets in 2003 to provide urgent
reconstruction assistance and other forms of support for the people of
Iraq.
I hope we can move quickly on this legislation to authorize the
release of these funds and show that Congress and the Executive branch
are working together on this issue and that despite our differences on
U.S. military action there we can act promptly and decisively to
provide needed humanitarian assistance to the people of Libya. I urge
my colleagues to join us in this effort.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill and
a letter of support be printed in the Record.
There being no objection, the material was ordered to be printed in
the Record, as follows:
S. 1180
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Libyan Assets for
Humanitarian Relief Act of 2011''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) On February 26, 2011, the United Nations Security
Council adopted Resolution 1970, which imposed an asset
freeze on Colonel Muammar Qaddafi and members of his family.
(2) On March 17, 2011, the United Nations Security Council
adopted Resolution 1973, which expanded the asset freeze to
include the Central Bank of Libya, the Libyan Investment
Authority, the Libyan Foreign Bank, the Libyan Africa
Investment Portfolio, and the Libyan National Oil
Corporation.
(3) The United Nations Security Council stated in
Resolution 1973 that the assets frozen would ``at a later
stage, as soon as possible, be made available to and for the
benefit of the people of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya''.
(4) On March 3, 2011, the President of the United States
stated that ``Muammar Qaddafi has lost the legitimacy to
lead, and he must leave''.
(5) On March 29, 2011, the Transitional National Council of
the Libyan Republic issued ``A Vision of a Democratic
Libya'', which stated that its goal is ``building a free and
democratic society and ensuring the supremacy of
international humanitarian law and human rights
declarations'', and that ``[t]his can only be achieved
through dialogue, tolerance, co-operation, national
cohesiveness and the active participation of all citizens''.
In that statement, the Transitional National Council pledged
itself, without reservation, to the establishment of ``a
constitutional civil and free state'' that upholds
intellectual and political pluralism and the peaceful
transfer of power and guarantees full citizenship rights to
all Libyans.
(6) On April 7, 2011, Ali Aujali, the Official
Representative to the United States of the Transitional
National Council of the Libyan Republic, wrote to the United
States Secretary of the Treasury and requested ``immediate
access to some of the frozen Qaddafi regime funds to purchase
needed humanitarian supplies and to support critical services
such as hospitals, water distribution and sanitation''.
(7) On May 19, 2011, the President of the United States,
referring to the Transitional National Council of the Libyan
Republic, stated that ``the opposition has organized a
legitimate and credible interim council''.
SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF LIBYA.
(a) In General.--The International Emergency Economic
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) is amended by adding at
the end the following:
[[Page S3730]]
``SEC. 209. AUTHORIZATION OF CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF LIBYA.
``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
``(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
`appropriate congressional committees' means--
``(A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
``(B) the Committee on Financial Services and the Committee
on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
``(2) Executive agency.--The term `executive agency' has
the meaning given that term in section 133 of title 41,
United States Code.
``(3) Government of libya.--The term `Government of
Libya'--
``(A) means the Government of Libya on the date of the
enactment of the Libyan Assets for Humanitarian Relief Act of
2011, including any agency or instrumentality of that
Government, any entity controlled by that Government, and the
Central Bank of Libya; and
``(B) does not include a successor government of Libya.
``(4) Successor government of libya.--The term `successor
government of Libya' means a successor government to the
Government of Libya (as defined in paragraph (3)) that is
recognized as the legitimate governing authority of Libya by
the Government of the United States.
``(b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United
States to provide humanitarian relief to and for the benefit
of the people of Libya and to support the aspirations of the
people of Libya for democratic self-government.
``(c) Authorization of Confiscation of Property of the
Government of Libya.--
``(1) In general.--The President--
``(A) may confiscate and vest, through instructions or
licenses or in such other manner as the President determines
appropriate, funds and other property of the Government of
Libya that are subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States in the amounts specified in subsection (f);
``(B) may liquidate or sell any of such property; and
``(C) shall deposit any funds confiscated and vested under
subparagraph (A) and any funds resulting from the liquidation
or sale of property under subparagraph (B) in the account
established under subsection (d).
``(2) Vesting.--All right, title, and interest in funds and
other property confiscated under paragraph (1) shall vest in
the Government of the United States.
``(d) Establishment of Account for Confiscated Property.--
``(1) In general.--The President shall establish a non-
interest-bearing account to consist of the funds deposited
into the account under subsection (c)(1)(C).
``(2) Use of funds.--The funds in the account established
under paragraph (1) shall be available to be used only as
specified in subsection (e)(1).
``(e) Use of Confiscated Property to Provide Humanitarian
Relief to the People of Libya.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the President
may transfer funds from the account established under
subsection (d)--
``(A) to such executive agencies and, subject to paragraph
(3), such other persons as the President determines
appropriate, to be used only for costs related to providing
humanitarian relief to and for the benefit of the people of
Libya, consistent with the purposes of United Nations
Security Council Resolutions 1970 (2011) and 1973 (2011); and
``(B) on and after the date on which a successor government
of Libya is recognized by the Government of the United
States, to the successor government of Libya.
``(2) Limitations on transfer of funds.--
``(A) Limitations on transfer to certain persons and
organizations.--None of the funds transferred under this
subsection may knowingly be provided to--
``(i) an organization designated as a foreign terrorist
organization under section 219(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));
``(ii) a person that provides support for acts of
international terrorism or for an organization described in
clause (i);
``(iii) a person whose property or interests in property
are blocked pursuant to this Act, unless the transfer is
authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury; or
``(iv) a person the President determines is responsible for
violations of internationally recognized human rights.
``(B) Prohibition on use of funds for military purposes.--
None of the funds transferred under this subsection may be
used to purchase weapons or military equipment of either a
lethal or nonlethal nature.
``(3) Certifications by certain persons.--The President may
not transfer funds to any person, other than an executive
agency, under paragraph (1)(A) unless that person certifies
to the President that the person--
``(A) will use such funds only for the costs described in
paragraph (1)(A); and
``(B) will not--
``(i) transfer any of such funds to a person or
organization described in paragraph (2)(A); or
``(ii) use any of such funds to purchase weapons or
military equipment of either a lethal or nonlethal nature.
``(4) Terms and conditions.--If the President exercises the
authority provided under this section, the President shall
impose such additional terms and conditions as the President
determines appropriate with respect to the transfer of funds
under this subsection and with respect to the use of such
funds.
``(5) Use by executive agencies.--Notwithstanding any other
provision of law, any funds transferred to an executive
agency under this subsection--
``(A) shall remain available until expended;
``(B) shall be used only for the costs described in
paragraph (1)(A);
``(C) may be distributed in such manner as the head of the
executive agency determines appropriate to accomplish the
purposes of this section, including through grants and
contributions; and
``(D) may be transferred among executive agencies.
``(f) Initial and Subsequent Authorizations of Confiscation
of Property.--
``(1) Authority.--The authority of the President to
confiscate and vest funds and other property under subsection
(c) shall be limited as follows:
``(A) Initial limitation.--Effective on and after the date
of the enactment of the Libyan Assets for Humanitarian Relief
Act of 2011, the President may confiscate and vest not more
than $4,000,000,000 under subsection (c).
``(B) Confiscation and vesting of additional amounts.--
``(i) In general.--If, at any one time after the date of
the enactment of the Libyan Assets for Humanitarian Relief
Act of 2011, the President submits to Congress the
notification described in clause (ii), effective on and after
the day after the end of the 30-day period beginning on the
date on which that notification is submitted, the President
may confiscate and vest not more than an additional
$4,000,000,000 under subsection (c) over the amount
authorized to be confiscated and vested under subparagraph
(A), unless a joint resolution of disapproval described in
paragraph (2) is enacted within the 30-day period after the
notification is submitted.
``(ii) Notification described.--The notification described
in this clause is a notification--
``(I) that the President intends to confiscate and vest the
additional amount specified in clause (i) to be used for the
costs described in subsection (e)(1)(A); and
``(II) submitted with a report--
``(aa) describing the necessity of confiscating and vesting
that additional amount; and
``(bb) detailing the plan of the President with respect to
the use of that additional amount.
``(C) Emergency certification; confiscation and vesting to
address emergency humanitarian needs.--
``(i) In general.--If, at any one time after the date of
the enactment of the Libyan Assets for Humanitarian Relief
Act of 2011, the President submits to Congress the
certification described in clause (ii), effective on and
after the date on which that certification is submitted, the
President may confiscate and vest not more than an additional
$2,000,000,000 under subsection (c) over the amounts
otherwise authorized to be confiscated and vested under this
paragraph.
``(ii) Certification described.--The certification
described in this clause is a certification by the President
that it is necessary to confiscate and vest the additional
amount specified in clause (i) to address an emergency need
for additional humanitarian assistance.
``(2) Joint resolution of disapproval.--
``(A) Joint resolution of disapproval.--In this paragraph,
the term `joint resolution of disapproval' means only a joint
resolution of the 2 Houses of Congress, the sole matter after
the resolving clause of which is as follows: `That Congress
disapproves of the confiscation and vesting of the amount of
funds or other property specified in section 209(f)(1)(B)(i)
of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.'.
``(B) Procedures for considering resolutions.--
``(i) Introduction.--A joint resolution of disapproval--
``(I) may be introduced in the House of Representatives or
the Senate during the 10-day period beginning on the date on
which a notification described in paragraph (1)(B)(ii) is
submitted;
``(II) in the House of Representatives, may be introduced
by any Member of the House of Representatives;
``(III) in the Senate, may be introduced by any Member of
the Senate; and
``(IV) may not be amended.
``(ii) Referral to committees.--A joint resolution of
disapproval introduced in the Senate shall be referred to the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and a joint
resolution of disapproval introduced in the House of
Representatives shall be referred to the Committee on Foreign
Affairs.
``(iii) Committee discharge and floor consideration.--The
provisions of subsections (c) through (f) of section 152 of
the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2192) (relating to committee
discharge and floor consideration of certain resolutions in
the House of Representatives and the Senate) apply to a
resolution of disapproval under this paragraph to the same
extent as such subsections apply to joint resolutions under
such section 152, except that--
``(I) subsection (c)(1) of such section 152 shall be
applied and administered by substituting `10 days' for `30
days'; and
``(II) subsection (f)(1)(A)(i) of such section 152 shall be
applied and administered by substituting `Committee on
Banking, Housing,
[[Page S3731]]
and Urban Affairs' for `Committee on Finance'.
``(C) Rules of house of representatives and senate.--This
paragraph is enacted by Congress--
``(i) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate
and the House of Representatives, respectively, and as such
is deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively,
but applicable only with respect to the procedure to be
followed in that House in the case of a joint resolution, and
it supersedes other rules only to the extent that it is
inconsistent with such rules; and
``(ii) with full recognition of the constitutional right of
either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner and
to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that
House.
``(g) Recordkeeping.--
``(1) In general.--The President may, in exercising the
authority provided under this section, require any person to
keep a full record of--
``(A) any act or transaction carried out pursuant to any
regulation, instruction, license, order, or direction issued
under this section, either before, during, or after the
completion of the act or transaction;
``(B) any property in which any foreign country or any
national of a foreign country has or has had any interest;
and
``(C) any other information the President determines
necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.
``(2) Production of information.--The President may require
any person--
``(A) to provide any information required to be kept by the
person under paragraph (1) under oath and in the form of
reports or any other form; and
``(B) to produce any books of account, records, contracts,
letters, memoranda, or other papers in the custody or control
of the person that relate to any information required to be
kept under paragraph (1).
``(h) Reports on Use of Funds.--
``(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the
President first confiscates and vests funds or other property
under subsection (c), and every 90 days thereafter, the
President shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report detailing, for the 90-day period
preceding the submission of the report--
``(A) the amount of funds and other property confiscated
and transferred under this section;
``(B) the executive agencies and other persons to which
such funds were transferred;
``(C) the manner in which such funds were used; and
``(D) the amount remaining in the account established under
subsection (d) at the end of the 90-day period.
``(2) Special rule with respect to report relating to
authorization of confiscation of additional amounts.--If,
after the date on which a report is required to be submitted
by paragraph (1) and before the next such report is required
to be submitted, the President submits to the appropriate
congressional committees the report described in subsection
(f)(1)(B)(ii)(II), the President--
``(A) shall include in the report described in subsection
(f)(1)(B)(ii)(II) the information required to be included in
the report required by paragraph (1) for the period that--
``(i) begins on the date on which the last report required
by paragraph (1) was required to be submitted; and
``(ii) ends on the date on which the President submits the
report described in subsection (f)(1)(B)(ii)(II); and
``(B) may include in the next report required by paragraph
(1) only the information required by paragraph (1) for the
period--
``(i) beginning on the date on which the report described
in subsection (f)(1)(B)(ii)(II) is submitted; and
``(ii) ending on the date on which the report required by
paragraph (1) is required to be submitted.
``(i) Government Accountability Office Report.--Not later
than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the Libyan
Assets for Humanitarian Relief Act of 2011, and every 180
days thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a
report assessing the confiscation and vesting of funds and
other property under subsection (c) and the use of funds
under subsection (e).
``(j) Penalties.--The penalties provided for in subsections
(b) and (c) of section 206 shall apply to a person that
violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or
causes a violation of this section or any regulation,
instruction, license, order, or direction issued under this
section to the same extent that such penalties apply to a
person that commits an unlawful act described in section
206(a).
``(k) Judicial Review.--
``(1) Safe harbor.--A person that complies fully with a
regulation, instruction, license, order, or direction issued
under this section may not be held liable for a violation of
this section.
``(2) Good faith compliance.--A person may not be held
liable in any court for or with respect to any act or
omission done in good faith in connection with the
administration of, or pursuant to and in reliance on, this
section, or any regulation, instruction, license, order, or
direction issued under this section.
``(3) No legal process with respect to confiscated
property.--Any funds or other property confiscated and vested
under subsection (c), including any proceeds from the
liquidation or sale of such property, shall be immune from
any legal process or attachment.
``(4) Actions taken under this section.--No action taken
under this section, other than the imposition of penalties
with respect to a person under subsection (j), shall be
reviewable in any court in the United States.
``(5) Rule of construction.--This section does not create
any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, that is
enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the
United States, any agency of the United States, any officer
or employee of the United States, or any other person.
``(l) Termination.--
``(1) In general.--Except to the extent necessary to carry
out the plan required by paragraph (2), the provisions of
this section (other than subsections (a), (g), (j), (k), and
(m)) shall terminate on the date described in paragraph (3).
``(2) Plan for distribution of remaining amounts.--On the
date described in paragraph (3), the President shall submit
to the appropriate congressional committees a report
describing the plan of the President for using any funds
remaining of the amounts confiscated and vested under this
section that--
``(A) describes how any of such funds that are obligated as
of that date will be expended; and
``(B) provides for the distribution of any of such funds
that are unobligated as of that date to a successor
government of Libya.
``(3) Date described.--The date described in this paragraph
is the date on which the national emergency declared by the
President with respect to Libya pursuant to section 202
expires and is not continued by the President.
``(m) Regulations.--The President shall prescribe such
regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions
of this section.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--Section 204 of the International
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1703) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b), by striking ``Whenever'' and
inserting ``Except as provided in subsection (e), whenever'';
and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
``(e) Reports Relating to Confiscation of Assets of the
Government of Libya.--If the President exercises the
authority provided under section 209, the President shall
submit reports in accordance with subsection (h) of that
section.''.
____
Summary of Libyan Assets for Humanitarian Relief Act of 2011
Authorization of Confiscation: The measure authorizes the
President to confiscate and vest certain funds and other
property of the Government of Libya currently frozen by the
U.S. government, allows liquidation of the assets and sale of
any property, and directs the proceeds to be used solely for
humanitarian purposes to benefit the Libyan people. The
Government of Libya is defined to include Libya's Central
Bank.
Account Established for Confiscated Funds: The bill
requires the President to establish a U.S. government account
to hold confiscated funds and the proceeds from any asset or
property sales. The Secretary of the Treasury may hold in
escrow funds that are not needed immediately to meet urgent
humanitarian needs.
Use of Confiscated Funds for Humanitarian Purposes to
Benefit the Libyan People: Libyan Government funds
confiscated may only be used for humanitarian purposes to
benefit the Libyan people, consistent with United Nations
Security Council resolutions. None may be used to purchase
weapons or military equipment. The President must designate
recipients of funds and impose appropriate terms and
conditions, which may include detailed recordkeeping
requirements, on recipients. The measure prohibits the
knowing transfer of funds to: 1) foreign terrorist
organizations; 2) supporters of acts of terrorism or of
terrorist organizations; 3) a person whose assets are blocked
by the International Emergency Economics Powers Act (IEEPA);
or 4) a person the President determines to be responsible for
violations of internationally recognized human rights.
Framework for Confiscation of Funds: The bill authorizes an
initial confiscation and distribution of $4 billion; if
additional funds are needed, the President may notify
Congress of his intent to confiscate an additional $4
billion, to be released within 30 days unless Congress
objects via enactment of a Joint Resolution of Disapproval.
The President's request for the additional funds must include
information about how prior confiscated funds were disbursed,
a description of the need for additional funds, a plan of how
the additional funds will be used, and other information. In
the event of a humanitarian emergency, the measure also
authorizes the President to notify Congress of his intent to
confiscate, on an expedited basis and upon certification of
need, an additional $2 billion to meet emergency needs.
Investigations and Recordkeeping: The President may conduct
appropriate investigations of recipients as necessary, and
require recordkeeping from recipients of these funds, which
could include books of account, records, contracts, letters,
memoranda, or other papers related to distributions under the
Act.
Audit and Reporting Requirements: The President must
provide detailed reports to Congress every 90 days describing
the amount of funds confiscated and transferred
[[Page S3732]]
to designated recipients, the recipients of these funds, and
the manner in which these funds were used. If the President
notifies Congress of an additional confiscation in the middle
of a 90-day period, the President must only include any new
information on fund distribution. GAO is required to conduct
and provide to Congress periodic audits of the program.
Penalties: Substantial penalties apply to persons who
violate provisions of the Act, including huge fines provided
for under section 206 of IEEPA.
Legal Protections/Judicial Review: Decisions made with
respect to confiscated assets are not subject to judicial
review; a ``good faith'' exception is provided for those
acting consistent with the requirements of the Act; and any
funds or property confiscated under the Act are immune from
any legal process or attachment.
Termination: The authorities provided for in the bill
terminate once the existing emergency determination of the
President under IEEPA with respect to Libya expires. Upon
termination, the President must submit to Congress a report
describing a plan for use of any remaining unspent funds,
including return of such funds to a successor government of
Libya.
Regulations: The bill requires the President to prescribe
regulations as necessary under the Act.
______