[Congressional Record Volume 156, Number 162 (Thursday, December 9, 2010)]
[Senate]
[Pages S8692-S8701]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
TRAFFICKING DETERRENCE AND VICTIMS SUPPORT ACT OF 2009
Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate
proceed to the immediate consideration of Calendar No. 581, S. 2925.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the bill by title.
The bill clerk read as follows:
A bill (S. 2925) to establish a grant program to benefit
victims of sex trafficking, and for other purposes.
There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the bill
which had been reported from the Committee on the Judiciary, with an
amendment to strike all after the enacting clause and insert in lieu
thereof the following:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Domestic Minor Sex
Trafficking Deterrence and Victims Support Act of 2010''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Human trafficking is modern-day slavery. It is one of
the fastest-growing, and the second largest, criminal
enterprise in the world. Human trafficking generates an
estimated profit of $32,000,000,000 per year, world wide.
(2) In the United States, human trafficking is an
increasing problem. This criminal enterprise victimizes
individuals in the United States, many of them children, who
are forced into prostitution, and foreigners brought into the
country, often under false pretenses, who are coerced into
forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.
(3) Sex trafficking is one of the most lucrative areas of
human trafficking. Criminal gang members in the United States
are increasingly involved in recruiting young women and girls
into sex trafficking. Interviews with gang members indicate
that the gang members regard working as an individual who
solicits customers for a prostitute (commonly known as a
``pimp'') to being as lucrative as trafficking in drugs, but
with a much lower chance of being criminally convicted.
(4) National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted,
Runaway and Throwaway Children, the definitive study of
episodes of missing children, found that of the children who
are victims of non-family abduction, runaway or throwaway
children, the police are alerted by family or guardians in
only 21 percent of the cases. In 79 percent of cases there is
no report and no police involvement, and therefore no
official attempt to find the child.
(5) In 2007, the Administration of Children and Families,
Department of Health and Human Services, reported to the
Federal Government 265,000 cases of serious physical, sexual,
or psychological abuse of children.
(6) Experts estimate that each year at least 100,000
children in the United States are exploited through
prostitution.
(7) Children who have run away from home are at a high risk
of becoming exploited through sex trafficking. Children who
have run away multiple times are at much higher risk of not
returning home and of engaging in prostitution.
(8) The vast majority of children involved in sex
trafficking have suffered previous sexual or physical abuse,
live in poverty, or have no stable home or family life. These
children require a comprehensive framework of specialized
treatment and mental health counseling that addresses post-
traumatic stress, depression, and sexual exploitation.
(9) The average age of first exploitation through
prostitution is 13. Seventy-five percent of minors exploited
through prostitution have a pimp. A pimp can earn $200,000
per year prostituting 1 sex trafficking victim.
(10) Sex trafficking of minors is a complex and varied
criminal problem that requires a multi-disciplinary,
cooperative solution. Reducing trafficking will require the
Government to address victims, pimps, and johns, and to
provide training specific to sex trafficking for law
enforcement officers and prosecutors, and child welfare,
public health, and other social service providers.
(11) Human trafficking is a criminal enterprise that
imposes significant costs on the economy of the United
States. Government and non-profit resources used to address
trafficking include those of law enforcement, the judicial
and penal systems, and social service providers. Without a
range of appropriate treatments to help trafficking victims
overcome the trauma they have experienced, victims will
continue to be exploited by criminals and unable to support
[[Page S8693]]
themselves, and will continue to require Government
resources, rather than being productive contributors to the
legitimate economy.
(12) Human trafficking victims are often either not
identified as trafficking victims or are mischaracterized as
criminal offenders. Both private and public sector personnel
play a significant role in identifying trafficking victims
and potential victims, such as runaways. Examples of such
personnel include hotel staff, flight attendants, health care
providers, educators, and parks and recreation personnel.
Efforts to train these individuals can bolster law
enforcement efforts to reduce human trafficking.
(13) Minor sex trafficking victims are under the age of 18.
Because minors do not have the capacity to consent to their
own commercial sexual exploitation, minor sex trafficking
victims should not be charged as criminal defendants.
Instead, minor victims of sex trafficking should have access
to treatment and services to help them recover from their
sexual exploitation, and should also be provided access to
appropriate compensation for harm they have suffered.
(14) Several States have recently passed or are considering
legislation that establishes a presumption that a minor
charged with a prostitution offense is a severely trafficked
person and should instead be cared for through the child
protection system. Some such legislation also provides
support and services to minor sex trafficking victims who are
under the age of 18 years old. These services include safe
houses, crisis intervention programs, community-based
programs, and law-enforcement training to help officers
identify minor sex trafficking victims.
(15) Sex trafficking of minors is not a problem that occurs
only in urban settings. This crime also exists in rural areas
and on Indian reservations. Efforts to address sex
trafficking of minors should include partnerships with
organizations that seek to address the needs of such
underserved communities.
SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of the Congress that--
(1) the Attorney General should implement changes to the
National Crime Information Center database to ensure that--
(A) a child entered into the database will be automatically
designated as an endangered juvenile if the child has been
reported missing not less than 3 times in a 1-year period;
(B) the database is programmed to cross-reference newly
entered reports with historical records already in the
database; and
(C) the database is programmed to include a visual cue on
the record of a child designated as an endangered juvenile to
assist law enforcement officers in recognizing the child and
providing the child with appropriate care and services;
(2) funds awarded under subpart 1 of part E of title I of
the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42
U.S.C. 3750 et seq.) (commonly known as Byrne Grants) should
be used to provide education, training, deterrence, and
prevention programs relating to sex trafficking of minors;
(3) States should--
(A) treat minor victims of sex trafficking as crime victims
rather than as criminal defendants or juvenile delinquents;
(B) adopt laws that--
(i) establish the presumption that a child under the age of
18 who is charged with a prostitution offense is a minor
victim of sex trafficking;
(ii) avoid the criminal charge of prostitution for such a
child, and instead consider such a child a victim of crime
and provide the child with appropriate services and
treatment; and
(iii) strengthen criminal provisions prohibiting the
purchasing of commercial sex acts, especially with minors;
(C) amend State statutes and regulations--
(i) relating to crime victim compensation to make eligible
for such compensation any individual who is a victim of sex
trafficking as defined in section 1591(a) of title 18, United
States Code, or a comparable State law against commercial
sexual exploitation of children, and who would otherwise be
ineligible for such compensation due to participation in
prostitution activities because the individual is determined
to have contributed to, consented to, benefitted from, or
otherwise participated as a party to the crime for which the
individual is claiming injury; and
(ii) relating to law enforcement reporting requirements to
provide for exceptions to such requirements for victims of
sex trafficking in the same manner as exceptions are provided
to victims of domestic violence or related crimes; and
(4) demand for commercial sex with sex trafficking victims
must be deterred through consistent enforcement of criminal
laws against purchasing commercial sex.
SEC. 4. SEX TRAFFICKING BLOCK GRANTS.
Section 204 of the Trafficking Victims Protection
Reauthorization Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 14044c) is amended to
read as follows:
``SEC. 204. ENHANCING STATE AND LOCAL EFFORTS TO COMBAT
TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS.
``(a) Sex Trafficking Block Grants.--
``(1) Definitions.--In this section--
``(A) the term `Assistant Attorney General' means the
Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Justice Programs
of the Department of Justice;
``(B) the term `eligible entity' means a State or unit of
local government that--
``(i) has significant criminal activity involving sex
trafficking of minors;
``(ii) has demonstrated cooperation between State, local,
and, where applicable, tribal law enforcement agencies,
prosecutors, and social service providers in addressing sex
trafficking of minors;
``(iii) has developed a workable, multi-disciplinary plan
to combat sex trafficking of minors, including--
``(I) the establishment of a shelter for minor victims of
sex trafficking, through existing or new facilities;
``(II) the provision of rehabilitative care to minor
victims of sex trafficking;
``(III) the provision of specialized training for law
enforcement officers and social service providers for all
forms of sex trafficking, with a focus on sex trafficking of
minors;
``(IV) prevention, deterrence, and prosecution of offenses
involving sex trafficking of minors;
``(V) cooperation or referral agreements with organizations
providing outreach or other related services to runaway and
homeless youth; and
``(VI) law enforcement protocols or procedures to screen
all individuals arrested for prostitution, whether adult or
minor, for victimization by sex trafficking and by other
crimes, such as sexual assault and domestic violence; and
``(iv) provides an assurance that, under the plan under
clause (iii), a minor victim of sex trafficking shall not be
required to collaborate with law enforcement to have access
to any shelter or services provided with a grant under this
section;
``(C) the term `minor victim of sex trafficking' means an
individual who is--
``(i) under the age of 18 years old, and is a victim of an
offense described in section 1591(a) of title 18, United
States Code, or a comparable State law; or
``(ii) at least 18 years old but not more than 20 years
old, and who, on the day before the individual attained 18
years of age, was described in clause (i) and was receiving
shelter or services as a minor victim of sex trafficking;
``(D) the term `qualified non-governmental organization'
means an organization that--
``(i) is not a State or unit of local government, or an
agency of a State or unit of local government;
``(ii) has demonstrated experience providing services to
victims of sex trafficking or related populations (such as
runaway and homeless youth), or employs staff specialized in
the treatment of sex trafficking victims; and
``(iii) demonstrates a plan to sustain the provision of
services beyond the period of a grant awarded under this
section; and
``(E) the term `sex trafficking of a minor' means an
offense described in subsection (a) of section 1591 of title
18, United States Code, the victim of which is a minor.
``(2) Grants authorized.--
``(A) In general.--The Assistant Attorney General, in
consultation with the Assistant Secretary for Children and
Families of the Department of Health and Human Services, is
authorized to award block grants to 6 eligible entities in
different regions of the United States to combat sex
trafficking, and not fewer than 1 of the block grants shall
be awarded to an eligible entity with a State population of
less than 5,000,000.
``(B) Grant amount.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations under subsection (g) to carry out this
section, each grant awarded under this section shall be for
an amount not less than $2,000,000 and not greater than
$2,500,000.
``(C) Duration.--
``(i) In general.--A grant awarded under this section shall
be for a period of 1 year.
``(ii) Renewal.--
``(I) In general.--The Assistant Attorney General may renew
a grant under this section for two 1-year periods.
``(II) Priority.--In awarding grants in any fiscal year
after the first fiscal year in which grants are awarded under
this section, the Assistant Attorney General shall give
priority to applicants that received a grant in the preceding
fiscal year and are eligible for renewal under this
subparagraph, taking into account any evaluation of such
applicant conducted pursuant to paragraph (5), if available.
``(D) Consultation.--In carrying out this section,
consultation by the Assistant Attorney General with the
Assistant Secretary for Children and Families of the
Department of Health and Human Services shall include
consultation with respect to grantee evaluations, the
avoidance of unintentional duplication of grants, and any
other areas of shared concern.
``(3) Use of funds.--
``(A) Allocation.--For each grant awarded under paragraph
(2)--
``(i) not less than 50 percent of the funds shall be used
by the eligible entity to provide shelter and services (as
described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (B)) to
minor victims of sex trafficking through qualified
nongovernmental organizations; and
``(ii) not less than 10 percent of the funds shall be
awarded by the eligible entity to one or more qualified
nongovernmental organizations with annual revenues of less
than $750,000, to provide services to minor victims of sex
trafficking or training for service providers related to sex
trafficking of minors.
``(B) Authorized activities.--Grants awarded pursuant to
paragraph (2) may be used for--
``(i) providing shelter to minor victims of trafficking,
including temporary or long-term placement as appropriate;
``(ii) providing 24-hour emergency social services response
for minor victims of sex trafficking;
``(iii) providing minor victims of sex trafficking with
clothing and other daily necessities needed to keep such
victims from returning to living on the street;
``(iv) case management services for minor victims of sex
trafficking;
``(v) mental health counseling for minor victims of sex
trafficking, including specialized counseling and substance
abuse treatment;
``(vi) legal services for minor victims of sex trafficking;
``(vii) specialized training for law enforcement personnel,
social service providers, and public
[[Page S8694]]
and private sector personnel likely to encounter sex
trafficking victims on issues related to the sex trafficking
of minors;
``(viii) funding salaries, in whole or in part, for law
enforcement officers, including patrol officers, detectives,
and investigators, except that the percentage of the salary
of the law enforcement officer paid for by funds from a grant
awarded under paragraph (2) shall not be more than the
percentage of the officer's time on duty that is dedicated to
working on cases involving sex trafficking of minors;
``(ix) funding salaries for State and local prosecutors,
including assisting in paying trial expenses for prosecution
of sex trafficking offenders;
``(x) investigation expenses for cases involving sex
trafficking of minors, including--
``(I) wire taps;
``(II) consultants with expertise specific to cases
involving sex trafficking of minors;
``(III) travel; and
``(IV) any other technical assistance expenditures;
``(xi) outreach and education programs to provide
information about deterrence and prevention of sex
trafficking of minors; and
``(xii) programs to provide treatment to individuals
charged or cited with purchasing or attempting to purchase
sex acts in cases where--
``(I) a treatment program can be mandated as a condition of
a sentence, fine, suspended sentence, or probation, or is an
appropriate alternative to criminal prosecution; and
``(II) the individual was not charged with purchasing or
attempting to purchase sex acts with a minor.
``(4) Application.--
``(A) In general.--Each eligible entity desiring a grant
under this section shall submit an application to the
Assistant Attorney General at such time, in such manner, and
accompanied by such information as the Assistant Attorney
General may reasonably require.
``(B) Contents.--Each application submitted pursuant to
subparagraph (A) shall--
``(i) describe the activities for which assistance under
this section is sought; and
``(ii) provide such additional assurances as the Assistant
Attorney General determines to be essential to ensure
compliance with the requirements of this section.
``(5) Evaluation.--The Assistant Attorney General shall
enter into a contract with an academic or non-profit
organization that has experience in issues related to sex
trafficking of minors and evaluation of grant programs to
conduct an annual evaluation of grants made under this
section to determine the impact and effectiveness of programs
funded with grants awarded under paragraph (2).
``(b) Mandatory Exclusion.--Any grantee awarded funds under
this section that is found to have utilized grant funds for
any unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost
shall not be eligible for any grant funds awarded under the
block grant for 2 fiscal years following the year in which
the unauthorized expenditure or unallowable cost is reported.
``(c) Compliance Requirement.--A grantee shall not be
eligible to receive a grant under this section if within the
last 5 fiscal years, the grantee has been found to have
violated the terms or conditions of a Government grant
program by utilizing grant funds for unauthorized
expenditures or otherwise unallowable costs.
``(d) Administrative Cap.--The cost of administering the
grants authorized by this section shall not exceed 3 percent
of the total amount appropriated to carry out this section.
``(e) Audit Requirement.--For fiscal years 2012 and 2013,
the Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall
conduct an audit of all 6 grantees awarded block grants under
this section.
``(f) Match Requirement.--A grantee of a grant under this
section shall match at least 25 percent of a grant in the
first year, 40 percent in the second year, and 50 percent in
the third year.
``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General to
carry out this section $15,000,000 for each of the fiscal
years 2012 through 2014.''.
SEC. 5. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Annual Statistical Summary.--Section 3701(c) of the
Crime Control Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 5779(c)) is amended by
inserting ``, which shall include the total number of reports
received and the total number of entries made to the National
Crime Information Center (NCIC) database of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, established pursuant to section 534
of title 28, United States Code.'' after ``this title''.
(b) State Reporting.--Section 3702 of the Crime Control Act
of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 5780) is amended in paragraph (4)--
(1) by striking ``(2)'' and inserting ``(3)'';
(2) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, and a photograph
taken within the previous 180 days'' after ``dental
records'';
(3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(4) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D);
and
(5) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
``(C) notify the National Center for Missing and Exploited
Children of each report received relating to a child reported
missing from a foster care family home or childcare
institution; and''.
SEC. 6. PROTECTION FOR CHILD TRAFFICKING VICTIMS AND
SURVIVORS.
Section 225(b) of the Trafficking Victims Reauthorization
Act of 2008 (22 U.S.C. 7101 note) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the end;
(2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
``(2) protects children exploited through prostitution by
including safe harbor provisions that--
``(A) treat an individual under 18 years of age who has
been arrested for offering to engage in or engaging in a
sexual act with another person in exchange for monetary
compensation as a victim of a severe form of trafficking in
persons;
``(B) prohibit the charging or prosecution of an individual
described in subparagraph (A) for a prostitution offense;
``(C) require the referral of an individual described in
subparagraph (A) to comprehensive service or community-based
programs that provide assistance to child victims of
commercial sexual exploitation, to the extent that
comprehensive service or community-based programs exist; and
``(D) provide that an individual described in subparagraph
(A) shall not be required to prove fraud, force, or coercion
in order to receive the protections described under this
paragraph; and''.
SEC. 7. SUBPOENA AUTHORITY.
Section 566(e)(1) of title 28, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end;
(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end
and inserting ``; and''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(C) issue administrative subpoenas in accordance with
section 3486 of title 18, solely for the purpose of
investigating unregistered sex offenders.''.
SEC. 8. PROTECTION OF CHILD WITNESSES.
Section 1514 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by inserting ``or its own motion,'' after ``attorney
for the Government''; and
(ii) by inserting ``or investigation'' after ``Federal
criminal case'' each place it appears;
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) as
paragraphs (3), (4), and (5), respectively;
(C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
``(2) In the case of a minor witness or victim, the court
shall issue a protective order prohibiting harassment or
intimidation of the minor victim or witness if the court
finds evidence that the conduct at issue is reasonably likely
to adversely affect the willingness of the minor witness or
victim to testify or otherwise participate in the Federal
criminal case or investigation. Any hearing regarding a
protective order under this paragraph shall be conducted in
accordance with paragraphs (1) and (3), except that the court
may issue an ex parte emergency protective order in advance
of a hearing if exigent circumstances are present. If such an
ex parte order is applied for or issued, the court shall hold
a hearing not later than 14 days after the date such order
was applied for or is issued.'';
(D) in paragraph (4), as so redesignated, by striking
``(and not by reference to the complaint or other
document)''; and
(E) in paragraph (5), as so redesignated, in the second
sentence, by inserting before the period at the end the
following: ``, except that in the case of a minor victim or
witness, the court may order that such protective order
expires on the later of 3 years after the date of issuance or
the date of the eighteenth birthday of that minor victim or
witness''; and
(2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
``(c) Whoever knowingly and intentionally violates or
attempts to violate an order issued under this section shall
be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years,
or both.
``(d)(1) As used in this section--
``(A) the term `course of conduct' means a series of acts
over a period of time, however short, indicating a continuity
of purpose;
``(B) the term `harassment' means a serious act or course
of conduct directed at a specific person that--
``(i) causes substantial emotional distress in such person;
and
``(ii) serves no legitimate purpose;
``(C) the term `immediate family member' has the meaning
given that term in section 115 and includes grandchildren;
``(D) the term `intimidation' means a serious act or course
of conduct directed at a specific person that--
``(i) causes fear or apprehension in such person; and
``(ii) serves no legitimate purpose;
``(E) the term `restricted personal information' has the
meaning give that term in section 119;
``(F) the term `serious act' means a single act of
threatening, retaliatory, harassing, or violent conduct that
is reasonably likely to influence the willingness of a victim
or witness to testify or participate in a Federal criminal
case or investigation; and
``(G) the term `specific person' means a victim or witness
in a Federal criminal case or investigation, and includes an
immediate family member of such a victim or witness.
``(2) For purposes of subparagraphs (B)(ii) and (D)(ii) of
paragraph (1), a court shall presume, subject to rebuttal by
the person, that the distribution or publication using the
Internet of a photograph of, or restricted personal
information regarding, a specific person serves no legitimate
purpose, unless that use is authorized by that specific
person, is for news reporting purposes, is designed to locate
that specific person (who has been reported to law
enforcement as a missing person), or is part of a government-
authorized effort to locate a fugitive or person of interest
in a criminal, antiterrorism, or national security
investigation.''.
SEC. 9. SENTENCING GUIDELINES.
Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28,
United States Code, and in accordance
[[Page S8695]]
with this section, the United States Sentencing Commission
shall review and amend the Federal sentencing guidelines and
policy statements to ensure--
(1) that the guidelines provide an additional penalty
increase of up to 8 offense levels, if appropriate, above the
sentence otherwise applicable in Part J of the Guidelines
Manual if the defendant was convicted of a violation of
section 1591 of title 18, United States Code, or chapters
109A, 109B, 110 or 117 of title 18, United States Code; and
(2) if the offense described in paragraph (1) involved
causing or threatening to cause physical injury to a person
under 18 years of age, in order to obstruct the
administration of justice, an additional penalty increase of
up to 12 levels, if appropriate, above the sentence otherwise
applicable in Part J of the Guidelines Manual.
SEC. 10. MINIMUM PENALTIES FOR POSSESSION OF CHILD
PORNOGRAPHY.
(a) Certain Activities Relating to Material Involving the
Sexual Exploitation of Minors.--Section 2252(b)(2) of title
18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after ``but
if'' the following: ``any visual depiction involved in the
offense involved a prepubescent minor or a minor who had not
attained 12 years of age, such person shall be fined under
this title and imprisoned for not less than 1 year nor more
than 20 years, or if''.
(b) Certain Activities Relating to Material Constituting or
Containing Child Pornography.--Section 2252A(b)(2) of title
18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after ``but,
if'' the following: ``any image of child pornography involved
in the offense involved a prepubescent minor or a minor who
had not attained 12 years of age, such person shall be fined
under this title and imprisoned for not less than 1 year nor
more than 20 years, or if''.
SEC. 11. ADMINISTRATIVE SUBPOENAS.
Section 3486(a)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A)(i)--
(A) by striking ``or'' after ``Federal health care
offense;''; and
(B) by striking ``children,'' and inserting the following:
``children; or (III) and only for the purpose of
investigations by the U.S. Marshals Service of an
unregistered sex offender'';
(2) in subparagraph (D)--
(A) by striking ``paragraph, the term'' and inserting the
following: ``paragraph--
``(i) the term'';
(B) by inserting ``, 2250'' after ``2243'';
(C) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``;
and''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(ii) the term `sex offender' means an individual required
to register under the Sex Offender Registration and
Notification Act (42 U.S.C. 16901 et seq.).''.
sex trafficking
Mr. COBURN. I support the goals of this legislation and believe that
slavery, in any form, is morally reprehensible. Sex trafficking is a
global epidemic, and we should endeavor to eliminate this industry,
especially due to its effects on minors who are victims of this
practice. However, I believe we can and must do so in a fiscally
responsible manner that avoids duplication of existing laws and
programs and upholds the Constitution.
Mr. WYDEN. I thank the Senator from Oklahoma for his constructive
work in helping to craft an agreement to pass S. 2925. As he notes, sex
trafficking is modern day slavery. It is a morally reprehensible
epidemic that ensnares far too many children, and there is far too
little awareness of the scope of this criminal enterprise in the United
States. I also agree that in combating this heinous crime, and
providing law enforcement agencies and services providers with
effective tools, Congress must take care to do so in a manner that is
fiscally responsible and that avoids inefficiency and duplication.
Mr. COBURN. Although the Subcommittee on Human Rights held a hearing
on child prostitution this year, it did not fully explore the
effectiveness of existing law and grant programs, and whether there are
loopholes or problems that need to be fixed in order to make the
Federal Government's efforts more effective. There are multiple
programs for trafficking victims under existing law, but some of them
remain unclear and confusing. In fact, many of them have never received
congressional funding. Thus, while I agree with the Senator from Oregon
that there seems to be a disparity between the resources provided to
domestic victims and those provided to international victims, I
conveyed to him in our negotiations that I question whether we cannot
already provide most of those resources under existing law. As a
result, I am committed to vigorous oversight of these issues during the
reauthorization of the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization
Act, TVPRA, which expires next year.
Mr. WYDEN. I agree with the Senator from Oklahoma that an important
role of Congress is to provide oversight to help make Federal programs
more effective, to increase efficiency, and to reduce duplication,
waste, and unnecessary expenditures. I have discussed with the Senator
from Oklahoma his work on the deficit commission, and as he knows, I
serve on the Senate Budget Committee and I am very concerned about
controlling government spending and working to ensure the most
efficient and effective use of government resources. The level of debt
that our nation has accumulated is very concerning and is a threat to
economic growth and sound fiscal policy. In accordance with these
concerns, I agree with the Senator from Oklahoma that when the TVPRA
reauthorization occurs, the Senate should carefully consider all
programs to combat human trafficking, including S. 2925, to determine
which programs provide the most effective impact, and whether there is
duplication, inefficiency, or waste that can and should be reduced.
Mr. COBURN. I thank the Senator from Oregon for recognizing the dire
state of our economy and his willingness to offset the cost of this
legislation. The U.S. national debt is now over $13.8 trillion and
growing. As a result, it is irresponsible for Congress to jeopardize
the future standard of living of our children by borrowing from future
generations. In the TVPRA reauthorization next year, it is imperative
that we examine all trafficking victims grant programs, including this
one, for waste, fraud and abuse, as well as their effect on the
deficit. Our country is too fragile and these minor victims are too
important for Congress to shirk its duty to perform oversight. I look
forward to working with the Senator from Oregon to ensure this and
other trafficking victims grant programs are performing effectively,
efficiently and within the bounds of the Constitution.
Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the committee
substitute amendment be considered; that the two Wyden amendments which
are at the desk be agreed to en bloc; that the committee substitute, as
amended, be agreed to; the bill, as amended, be read a third time, and
that a budgetary pay-go statement be read.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
The amendments (Nos. 4751 and 4752) were agreed to, as follows:
amendment no. 4751
(Purpose: To strengthen the reporting requirement)
Strike section 5 and insert the following:
SEC. 5. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Reporting Requirement for State Child Welfare
Agencies.--
(1) Requirement for state child welfare agencies to report
children missing or abducted.--Section 471(a) of the Social
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 671(a)) is amended--
(A) in paragraph (32), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (33), by striking the period and inserting
``; and''; and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (33) the following:
``(34) provides that the State has in effect procedures
that require the State agency to promptly report information
on missing or abducted children to the law enforcement
authorities for entry into the National Crime Information
Center (NCIC) database of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, established pursuant to section 534 of title
28, United States Code.''.
(2) Regulations.--The Secretary of Health and Human
Services shall promulgate regulations implementing the
amendments made by paragraph (1). The regulations promulgated
under this subsection shall include provisions to withhold
Federal funds from any State that fails to substantially
comply with the requirement imposed under the amendments made
by paragraph (1).
(3) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1)
shall take effect on the date that is 6 months after the date
of the enactment of this Act, without regard to whether final
regulations required under paragraph (2) have been
promulgated.
(b) Annual Statistical Summary.--Section 3701(c) of the
Crime Control Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 5779(c)) is amended by
inserting ``, which shall include the total number of reports
received and the total number of entries made to the National
Crime Information Center (NCIC) database of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, established pursuant to section 534
of title 28, United States Code.'' after ``this title''.
(c) State Reporting.--Section 3702 of the Crime Control Act
of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 5780) is amended in paragraph (4)--
(1) by striking ``(2)'' and inserting ``(3)'';
(2) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, and a photograph
taken within the previous 180 days'' after ``dental
records'';
(3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(4) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D);
and
[[Page S8696]]
(5) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
``(C) notify the National Center for Missing and Exploited
Children of each report received relating to a child reported
missing from a foster care family home or childcare
institution; and''.
Amendment No. 4752
(Purpose: To make technical corrections)
On page 23, line 2, insert ``(a) In General.--'' before
``Section 204''.
On page 26, line 22, after the period add: ``Each eligible
entity awarded a block grant under this subparagraph shall
certify that Federal funds received under the block grant
will be used to combat only interstate sex trafficking.''.
On page 28, line 9, strike ``50 percent'' and insert ``67
percent''.
On page 33, between lines 20 and 21, insert the following:
(b) Sunset Provision.--Effective 3 years after the date of
enactment of this Act, section 204 of the Trafficking Victims
Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 14044c) is
amended to read as it read on the day before the date of
enactment of this Act.
(c) GAO Evaluation.--Not later than 30 months after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the
United States shall conduct a study of and submit to Congress
a report evaluating the impact of this Act and the amendments
made by this Act in aiding minor victims of sex trafficking
in the United States and increasing the ability of law
enforcement agencies to prosecute sex trafficking offenders,
which shall include recommendations, if any, regarding any
legislative or administrative action the Comptroller General
determines appropriate.
On page 36, line 14, insert ``(as defined in such section
3486)'' after ``sex offenders''.
On page 41, line 21, insert ``(a) In General.--'' before
``Section 3486(a)(1)''.
On page 41, strike line 23 and all that follows through
page 42, line 4, and insert the following:
(1) in subparagraph (A)--
(A) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' at the end;
(B) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii); and
(C) by inserting after clause (i) the following:
``(ii) an unregistered sex offender conducted by the United
States Marshals Service, the Director of the United States
Marshals Service; or''; and
On page 42, strike line 9.
On page 42, line 10, strike ``(C)'' and insert ``(B)''.
On page 42, line 12, strike ``(D)'' and insert ``(C)''.
On page 42, after line 15, add the following:
(b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--Section 3486(a)
of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in paragraph (6)(A), by striking ``United State'' and
inserting ``United States'';
(2) in paragraph (9), by striking ``(1)(A)(ii)'' and
inserting ``(1)(A)(iii)''; and
(3) in paragraph (10), by striking ``paragraph (1)(A)(ii)''
and inserting ``paragraph (1)(A)(iii)''.
SEC. 12. REDUCING UNNECESSARY PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COSTS
OF GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS.
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this
Act, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget
shall coordinate with the heads of Federal departments and
independent agencies to--
(1) determine which Government publications could be
available on Government websites and no longer printed and to
devise a strategy to reduce overall Government printing costs
beginning with fiscal year 2012, except that the Director
shall ensure that essential printed documents prepared for
Social Security recipients, Medicare beneficiaries, and other
populations in areas with limited internet access or use
continue to remain available;
(2) establish government-wide Federal guidelines on
employee printing;
(3) issue on the Office of Management and Budget's public
website the results of a cost-benefit analysis on
implementing a digital signature system and on establishing
employee printing identification systems, such as the use of
individual employee cards or codes, to monitor the amount of
printing done by Federal employees, except that the Director
of the Office of Management and Budget shall ensure that
Federal employee printing costs unrelated to national
defense, homeland security, border security, national
disasters, and other emergencies do not exceed $860,000,000
annually for fiscal years 2012 through 2014; and
(4) issue guidelines requiring every department, agency,
commission or office to list at a prominent place near the
beginning of each publication distributed to the public and
issued or paid for by the Federal Government the following:
(A) The name of the issuing agency, department, commission
or office.
(B) The total number of copies of the document printed.
(C) The collective cost of producing and printing all of
the copies of the document.
(D) The name of the firm publishing the document.
SEC. 13. BUDGETARY EFFECTS.
The budgetary effects of this Act, for the purpose of
complying with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go-Act of 2010, shall
be determined by reference to the latest statement titled
``Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation'' for this Act,
submitted for printing in the Congressional Record by the
Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, provided that such
statement has been submitted prior to the vote on passage.
The committee amendment in the nature of a substitute, as amended,
was agreed to.
The bill (S. 2925) was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading
and was read the third time.
The assistant legislative clerk read as follows:
Mr. Conrad: This is the Statement of Budgetary Effects of
PAYGO Legislation for S. 2925, as amended.
Total Budgetary Effects of S. 2925 for the 5-year Statutory
PAYGO Scorecard: $0.
Total Budgetary Effects of S. 2925 for the 10-year
Statutory PAYGO Scorecard: $0.
Also submitted for the Record as part of this statement is
a table prepared by the Congressional Budget Office, which
provides additional information on the budgetary effects of
this Act, as follows:
CBO ESTIMATE OF THE STATUTORY PAY-AS-YOU-GO EFFECTS FOR S. 2925, THE DOMESTIC MINOR SEX TRAFFICKING DETERRENCE AND VICTIMS SUPPORT ACT OF 2010, WITH
AMENDMENTS PROVIDED TO CBO ON DECEMBER 6, 2010
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By fiscal year, in millions of dollars--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2011-2015 2011-2020
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net Increase of Decrease (-) in the Deficit
Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Impact \1\.......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ S. 2925 would establish a new federal crime relating to the violation of certain protective orders issued by courts. Violators of the bill's
provisions could be subject to criminal fines, so the government might collect more fines if the bill is enacted. Criminal fines are recorded as
revenues, then deposited in the Crime Victims Fund, and later spent. Enacting S. 2925 could increase revenues and direct spending, but CBO estimates
that the net budget impact would not be significant in any year.
Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the bill be
passed, the motions to reconsider be laid upon the table, with no
intervening action or debate, and any statements related to the bill be
printed in the Record.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
The bill (S. 2925), as amended, was passed, as follows:
S. 2925
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Domestic Minor Sex
Trafficking Deterrence and Victims Support Act of 2010''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Human trafficking is modern-day slavery. It is one of
the fastest-growing, and the second largest, criminal
enterprise in the world. Human trafficking generates an
estimated profit of $32,000,000,000 per year, world wide.
(2) In the United States, human trafficking is an
increasing problem. This criminal enterprise victimizes
individuals in the United States, many of them children, who
are forced into prostitution, and foreigners brought into the
country, often under false pretenses, who are coerced into
forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.
(3) Sex trafficking is one of the most lucrative areas of
human trafficking. Criminal gang members in the United States
are increasingly involved in recruiting young women and girls
into sex trafficking. Interviews with gang members indicate
that the gang members regard working as an individual who
solicits customers for a prostitute (commonly known as a
``pimp'') to being as lucrative as trafficking in drugs, but
with a much lower chance of being criminally convicted.
(4) National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted,
Runaway and Throwaway Children, the definitive study of
episodes of missing children, found that of the children who
are victims of non-family abduction, runaway or throwaway
children, the police are alerted by family or guardians in
only 21 percent of the cases. In 79 percent of cases there is
no report and no police involvement, and therefore no
official attempt to find the child.
[[Page S8697]]
(5) In 2007, the Administration of Children and Families,
Department of Health and Human Services, reported to the
Federal Government 265,000 cases of serious physical, sexual,
or psychological abuse of children.
(6) Experts estimate that each year at least 100,000
children in the United States are exploited through
prostitution.
(7) Children who have run away from home are at a high risk
of becoming exploited through sex trafficking. Children who
have run away multiple times are at much higher risk of not
returning home and of engaging in prostitution.
(8) The vast majority of children involved in sex
trafficking have suffered previous sexual or physical abuse,
live in poverty, or have no stable home or family life. These
children require a comprehensive framework of specialized
treatment and mental health counseling that addresses post-
traumatic stress, depression, and sexual exploitation.
(9) The average age of first exploitation through
prostitution is 13. Seventy-five percent of minors exploited
through prostitution have a pimp. A pimp can earn $200,000
per year prostituting 1 sex trafficking victim.
(10) Sex trafficking of minors is a complex and varied
criminal problem that requires a multi-disciplinary,
cooperative solution. Reducing trafficking will require the
Government to address victims, pimps, and johns, and to
provide training specific to sex trafficking for law
enforcement officers and prosecutors, and child welfare,
public health, and other social service providers.
(11) Human trafficking is a criminal enterprise that
imposes significant costs on the economy of the United
States. Government and non-profit resources used to address
trafficking include those of law enforcement, the judicial
and penal systems, and social service providers. Without a
range of appropriate treatments to help trafficking victims
overcome the trauma they have experienced, victims will
continue to be exploited by criminals and unable to support
themselves, and will continue to require Government
resources, rather than being productive contributors to the
legitimate economy.
(12) Human trafficking victims are often either not
identified as trafficking victims or are mischaracterized as
criminal offenders. Both private and public sector personnel
play a significant role in identifying trafficking victims
and potential victims, such as runaways. Examples of such
personnel include hotel staff, flight attendants, health care
providers, educators, and parks and recreation personnel.
Efforts to train these individuals can bolster law
enforcement efforts to reduce human trafficking.
(13) Minor sex trafficking victims are under the age of 18.
Because minors do not have the capacity to consent to their
own commercial sexual exploitation, minor sex trafficking
victims should not be charged as criminal defendants.
Instead, minor victims of sex trafficking should have access
to treatment and services to help them recover from their
sexual exploitation, and should also be provided access to
appropriate compensation for harm they have suffered.
(14) Several States have recently passed or are considering
legislation that establishes a presumption that a minor
charged with a prostitution offense is a severely trafficked
person and should instead be cared for through the child
protection system. Some such legislation also provides
support and services to minor sex trafficking victims who are
under the age of 18 years old. These services include safe
houses, crisis intervention programs, community-based
programs, and law-enforcement training to help officers
identify minor sex trafficking victims.
(15) Sex trafficking of minors is not a problem that occurs
only in urban settings. This crime also exists in rural areas
and on Indian reservations. Efforts to address sex
trafficking of minors should include partnerships with
organizations that seek to address the needs of such
underserved communities.
SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of the Congress that--
(1) the Attorney General should implement changes to the
National Crime Information Center database to ensure that--
(A) a child entered into the database will be automatically
designated as an endangered juvenile if the child has been
reported missing not less than 3 times in a 1-year period;
(B) the database is programmed to cross-reference newly
entered reports with historical records already in the
database; and
(C) the database is programmed to include a visual cue on
the record of a child designated as an endangered juvenile to
assist law enforcement officers in recognizing the child and
providing the child with appropriate care and services;
(2) funds awarded under subpart 1 of part E of title I of
the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42
U.S.C. 3750 et seq.) (commonly known as Byrne Grants) should
be used to provide education, training, deterrence, and
prevention programs relating to sex trafficking of minors;
(3) States should--
(A) treat minor victims of sex trafficking as crime victims
rather than as criminal defendants or juvenile delinquents;
(B) adopt laws that--
(i) establish the presumption that a child under the age of
18 who is charged with a prostitution offense is a minor
victim of sex trafficking;
(ii) avoid the criminal charge of prostitution for such a
child, and instead consider such a child a victim of crime
and provide the child with appropriate services and
treatment; and
(iii) strengthen criminal provisions prohibiting the
purchasing of commercial sex acts, especially with minors;
(C) amend State statutes and regulations--
(i) relating to crime victim compensation to make eligible
for such compensation any individual who is a victim of sex
trafficking as defined in section 1591(a) of title 18, United
States Code, or a comparable State law against commercial
sexual exploitation of children, and who would otherwise be
ineligible for such compensation due to participation in
prostitution activities because the individual is determined
to have contributed to, consented to, benefitted from, or
otherwise participated as a party to the crime for which the
individual is claiming injury; and
(ii) relating to law enforcement reporting requirements to
provide for exceptions to such requirements for victims of
sex trafficking in the same manner as exceptions are provided
to victims of domestic violence or related crimes; and
(4) demand for commercial sex with sex trafficking victims
must be deterred through consistent enforcement of criminal
laws against purchasing commercial sex.
SEC. 4. SEX TRAFFICKING BLOCK GRANTS.
(a) In General.--Section 204 of the Trafficking Victims
Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 14044c) is
amended to read as follows:
``SEC. 204. ENHANCING STATE AND LOCAL EFFORTS TO COMBAT
TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS.
``(a) Sex Trafficking Block Grants.--
``(1) Definitions.--In this section--
``(A) the term `Assistant Attorney General' means the
Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Justice Programs
of the Department of Justice;
``(B) the term `eligible entity' means a State or unit of
local government that--
``(i) has significant criminal activity involving sex
trafficking of minors;
``(ii) has demonstrated cooperation between State, local,
and, where applicable, tribal law enforcement agencies,
prosecutors, and social service providers in addressing sex
trafficking of minors;
``(iii) has developed a workable, multi-disciplinary plan
to combat sex trafficking of minors, including--
``(I) the establishment of a shelter for minor victims of
sex trafficking, through existing or new facilities;
``(II) the provision of rehabilitative care to minor
victims of sex trafficking;
``(III) the provision of specialized training for law
enforcement officers and social service providers for all
forms of sex trafficking, with a focus on sex trafficking of
minors;
``(IV) prevention, deterrence, and prosecution of offenses
involving sex trafficking of minors;
``(V) cooperation or referral agreements with organizations
providing outreach or other related services to runaway and
homeless youth; and
``(VI) law enforcement protocols or procedures to screen
all individuals arrested for prostitution, whether adult or
minor, for victimization by sex trafficking and by other
crimes, such as sexual assault and domestic violence; and
``(iv) provides an assurance that, under the plan under
clause (iii), a minor victim of sex trafficking shall not be
required to collaborate with law enforcement to have access
to any shelter or services provided with a grant under this
section;
``(C) the term `minor victim of sex trafficking' means an
individual who is--
``(i) under the age of 18 years old, and is a victim of an
offense described in section 1591(a) of title 18, United
States Code, or a comparable State law; or
``(ii) at least 18 years old but not more than 20 years
old, and who, on the day before the individual attained 18
years of age, was described in clause (i) and was receiving
shelter or services as a minor victim of sex trafficking;
``(D) the term `qualified non-governmental organization'
means an organization that--
``(i) is not a State or unit of local government, or an
agency of a State or unit of local government;
``(ii) has demonstrated experience providing services to
victims of sex trafficking or related populations (such as
runaway and homeless youth), or employs staff specialized in
the treatment of sex trafficking victims; and
``(iii) demonstrates a plan to sustain the provision of
services beyond the period of a grant awarded under this
section; and
``(E) the term `sex trafficking of a minor' means an
offense described in subsection (a) of section 1591 of title
18, United States Code, the victim of which is a minor.
``(2) Grants authorized.--
``(A) In general.--The Assistant Attorney General, in
consultation with the Assistant Secretary for Children and
Families of the Department of Health and Human Services, is
authorized to award block grants to 6 eligible entities in
different regions of the United States to combat sex
trafficking, and not fewer than 1 of the block grants shall
be awarded to an eligible entity with a State population of
less than 5,000,000. Each eligible entity awarded a block
grant under this subparagraph shall certify that Federal
funds received under the block grant will be used to combat
only interstate sex trafficking.
[[Page S8698]]
``(B) Grant amount.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations under subsection (g) to carry out this
section, each grant awarded under this section shall be for
an amount not less than $2,000,000 and not greater than
$2,500,000.
``(C) Duration.--
``(i) In general.--A grant awarded under this section shall
be for a period of 1 year.
``(ii) Renewal.--
``(I) In general.--The Assistant Attorney General may renew
a grant under this section for two 1-year periods.
``(II) Priority.--In awarding grants in any fiscal year
after the first fiscal year in which grants are awarded under
this section, the Assistant Attorney General shall give
priority to applicants that received a grant in the preceding
fiscal year and are eligible for renewal under this
subparagraph, taking into account any evaluation of such
applicant conducted pursuant to paragraph (5), if available.
``(D) Consultation.--In carrying out this section,
consultation by the Assistant Attorney General with the
Assistant Secretary for Children and Families of the
Department of Health and Human Services shall include
consultation with respect to grantee evaluations, the
avoidance of unintentional duplication of grants, and any
other areas of shared concern.
``(3) Use of funds.--
``(A) Allocation.--For each grant awarded under paragraph
(2)--
``(i) not less than 67 percent of the funds shall be used
by the eligible entity to provide shelter and services (as
described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (B)) to
minor victims of sex trafficking through qualified
nongovernmental organizations; and
``(ii) not less than 10 percent of the funds shall be
awarded by the eligible entity to one or more qualified
nongovernmental organizations with annual revenues of less
than $750,000, to provide services to minor victims of sex
trafficking or training for service providers related to sex
trafficking of minors.
``(B) Authorized activities.--Grants awarded pursuant to
paragraph (2) may be used for--
``(i) providing shelter to minor victims of trafficking,
including temporary or long-term placement as appropriate;
``(ii) providing 24-hour emergency social services response
for minor victims of sex trafficking;
``(iii) providing minor victims of sex trafficking with
clothing and other daily necessities needed to keep such
victims from returning to living on the street;
``(iv) case management services for minor victims of sex
trafficking;
``(v) mental health counseling for minor victims of sex
trafficking, including specialized counseling and substance
abuse treatment;
``(vi) legal services for minor victims of sex trafficking;
``(vii) specialized training for law enforcement personnel,
social service providers, and public and private sector
personnel likely to encounter sex trafficking victims on
issues related to the sex trafficking of minors;
``(viii) funding salaries, in whole or in part, for law
enforcement officers, including patrol officers, detectives,
and investigators, except that the percentage of the salary
of the law enforcement officer paid for by funds from a grant
awarded under paragraph (2) shall not be more than the
percentage of the officer's time on duty that is dedicated to
working on cases involving sex trafficking of minors;
``(ix) funding salaries for State and local prosecutors,
including assisting in paying trial expenses for prosecution
of sex trafficking offenders;
``(x) investigation expenses for cases involving sex
trafficking of minors, including--
``(I) wire taps;
``(II) consultants with expertise specific to cases
involving sex trafficking of minors;
``(III) travel; and
``(IV) any other technical assistance expenditures;
``(xi) outreach and education programs to provide
information about deterrence and prevention of sex
trafficking of minors; and
``(xii) programs to provide treatment to individuals
charged or cited with purchasing or attempting to purchase
sex acts in cases where--
``(I) a treatment program can be mandated as a condition of
a sentence, fine, suspended sentence, or probation, or is an
appropriate alternative to criminal prosecution; and
``(II) the individual was not charged with purchasing or
attempting to purchase sex acts with a minor.
``(4) Application.--
``(A) In general.--Each eligible entity desiring a grant
under this section shall submit an application to the
Assistant Attorney General at such time, in such manner, and
accompanied by such information as the Assistant Attorney
General may reasonably require.
``(B) Contents.--Each application submitted pursuant to
subparagraph (A) shall--
``(i) describe the activities for which assistance under
this section is sought; and
``(ii) provide such additional assurances as the Assistant
Attorney General determines to be essential to ensure
compliance with the requirements of this section.
``(5) Evaluation.--The Assistant Attorney General shall
enter into a contract with an academic or non-profit
organization that has experience in issues related to sex
trafficking of minors and evaluation of grant programs to
conduct an annual evaluation of grants made under this
section to determine the impact and effectiveness of programs
funded with grants awarded under paragraph (2).
``(b) Mandatory Exclusion.--Any grantee awarded funds under
this section that is found to have utilized grant funds for
any unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost
shall not be eligible for any grant funds awarded under the
block grant for 2 fiscal years following the year in which
the unauthorized expenditure or unallowable cost is reported.
``(c) Compliance Requirement.--A grantee shall not be
eligible to receive a grant under this section if within the
last 5 fiscal years, the grantee has been found to have
violated the terms or conditions of a Government grant
program by utilizing grant funds for unauthorized
expenditures or otherwise unallowable costs.
``(d) Administrative Cap.--The cost of administering the
grants authorized by this section shall not exceed 3 percent
of the total amount appropriated to carry out this section.
``(e) Audit Requirement.--For fiscal years 2012 and 2013,
the Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall
conduct an audit of all 6 grantees awarded block grants under
this section.
``(f) Match Requirement.--A grantee of a grant under this
section shall match at least 25 percent of a grant in the
first year, 40 percent in the second year, and 50 percent inj
the third year.
``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General to
carry out this section $15,000,000 for each of the fiscal
years 2012 through 2014.''.
(b) Sunset Provision.--Effective 3 years after the date of
enactment of this Act, section 204 of the Trafficking Victims
Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 14044c) is
amended to read as it read on the day before the date of
enactment of this Act.
(c) GAO Evaluation.--Not later than 30 months after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the
United States shall conduct a study of and submit to Congress
a report evaluating the impact of this Act and the amendments
made by this Act in aiding minor victims of sex trafficking
in the United States and increasing the ability of law
enforcement agencies to prosecute sex trafficking offenders,
which shall include recommendations, if any, regarding any
legislative or administrative action the Comptroller General
determines appropriate.
SEC. 5. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Reporting Requirement for State Child Welfare
Agencies.--
(1) Requirement for state child welfare agencies to report
children missing or abducted.--Section 471(a) of the Social
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 671(a)) is amended--
(A) in paragraph (32), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (33), by striking the period and inserting
``; and''; and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (33) the following:
``(34) provides that the State has in effect procedures
that require the State agency to promptly report information
on missing or abducted children to the law enforcement
authorities for entry into the National Crime Information
Center (NCIC) database of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, established pursuant to section 534 of title
28, United States Code.''.
(2) Regulations.--The Secretary of Health and Human
Services shall promulgate regulations implementing the
amendments made by paragraph (1). The regulations promulgated
under this subsection shall include provisions to withhold
Federal funds from any State that fails to substantially
comply with the requirement imposed under the amendments made
by paragraph (1).
(3) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1)
shall take effect on the date that is 6 months after the date
of the enactment of this Act, without regard to whether final
regulations required under paragraph (2) have been
promulgated.
(b) Annual Statistical Summary.--Section 3701(c) of the
Crime Control Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 5779(c)) is amended by
inserting ``, which shall include the total number of reports
received and the total number of entries made to the National
Crime Information Center (NCIC) database of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, established pursuant to section 534
of title 28, United States Code.'' after ``this title''.
(c) State Reporting.--Section 3702 of the Crime Control Act
of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 5780) is amended in paragraph (4)--
(1) by striking ``(2)'' and inserting ``(3)'';
(2) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, and a photograph
taken within the previous 180 days'' after ``dental
records'';
(3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(4) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D);
and
(5) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
``(C) notify the National Center for Missing and Exploited
Children of each report received relating to a child reported
missing from a foster care family home or childcare
institution; and''.
SEC. 6. PROTECTION FOR CHILD TRAFFICKING VICTIMS AND
SURVIVORS.
Section 225(b) of the Trafficking Victims Reauthorization
Act of 2008 (22 U.S.C. 7101 note) is amended--
[[Page S8699]]
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the end;
(2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
``(2) protects children exploited through prostitution by
including safe harbor provisions that--
``(A) treat an individual under 18 years of age who has
been arrested for offering to engage in or engaging in a
sexual act with another person in exchange for monetary
compensation as a victim of a severe form of trafficking in
persons;
``(B) prohibit the charging or prosecution of an individual
described in subparagraph (A) for a prostitution offense;
``(C) require the referral of an individual described in
subparagraph (A) to comprehensive service or community-based
programs that provide assistance to child victims of
commercial sexual exploitation, to the extent that
comprehensive service or community-based programs exist; and
``(D) provide that an individual described in subparagraph
(A) shall not be required to prove fraud, force, or coercion
in order to receive the protections described under this
paragraph; and''.
SEC. 7. SUBPOENA AUTHORITY.
Section 566(e)(1) of title 28, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end;
(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end
and inserting ``; and''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(C) issue administrative subpoenas in accordance with
section 3486 of title 18, solely for the purpose of
investigating unregistered sex offenders (as defined in such
section 3486).''.
SEC. 8. PROTECTION OF CHILD WITNESSES.
Section 1514 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by inserting ``or its own motion,'' after ``attorney
for the Government''; and
(ii) by inserting ``or investigation'' after ``Federal
criminal case'' each place it appears;
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) as
paragraphs (3), (4), and (5), respectively;
(C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
``(2) In the case of a minor witness or victim, the court
shall issue a protective order prohibiting harassment or
intimidation of the minor victim or witness if the court
finds evidence that the conduct at issue is reasonably likely
to adversely affect the willingness of the minor witness or
victim to testify or otherwise participate in the Federal
criminal case or investigation. Any hearing regarding a
protective order under this paragraph shall be conducted in
accordance with paragraphs (1) and (3), except that the court
may issue an ex parte emergency protective order in advance
of a hearing if exigent circumstances are present. If such an
ex parte order is applied for or issued, the court shall hold
a hearing not later than 14 days after the date such order
was applied for or is issued.'';
(D) in paragraph (4), as so redesignated, by striking
``(and not by reference to the complaint or other
document)''; and
(E) in paragraph (5), as so redesignated, in the second
sentence, by inserting before the period at the end the
following: ``, except that in the case of a minor victim or
witness, the court may order that such protective order
expires on the later of 3 years after the date of issuance or
the date of the eighteenth birthday of that minor victim or
witness''; and
(2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
``(c) Whoever knowingly and intentionally violates or
attempts to violate an order issued under this section shall
be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years,
or both.
``(d)(1) As used in this section--
``(A) the term `course of conduct' means a series of acts
over a period of time, however short, indicating a continuity
of purpose;
``(B) the term `harassment' means a serious act or course
of conduct directed at a specific person that--
``(i) causes substantial emotional distress in such person;
and
``(ii) serves no legitimate purpose;
``(C) the term `immediate family member' has the meaning
given that term in section 115 and includes grandchildren;
``(D) the term `intimidation' means a serious act or course
of conduct directed at a specific person that--
``(i) causes fear or apprehension in such person; and
``(ii) serves no legitimate purpose;
``(E) the term `restricted personal information' has the
meaning give that term in section 119;
``(F) the term `serious act' means a single act of
threatening, retaliatory, harassing, or violent conduct that
is reasonably likely to influence the willingness of a victim
or witness to testify or participate in a Federal criminal
case or investigation; and
``(G) the term `specific person' means a victim or witness
in a Federal criminal case or investigation, and includes an
immediate family member of such a victim or witness.
``(2) For purposes of subparagraphs (B)(ii) and (D)(ii) of
paragraph (1), a court shall presume, subject to rebuttal by
the person, that the distribution or publication using the
Internet of a photograph of, or restricted personal
information regarding, a specific person serves no legitimate
purpose, unless that use is authorized by that specific
person, is for news reporting purposes, is designed to locate
that specific person (who has been reported to law
enforcement as a missing person), or is part of a government-
authorized effort to locate a fugitive or person of interest
in a criminal, antiterrorism, or national security
investigation.''.
SEC. 9. SENTENCING GUIDELINES.
Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28,
United States Code, and in accordance with this section, the
United States Sentencing Commission shall review and amend
the Federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements to
ensure--
(1) that the guidelines provide an additional penalty
increase of up to 8 offense levels, if appropriate, above the
sentence otherwise applicable in Part J of the Guidelines
Manual if the defendant was convicted of a violation of
section 1591 of title 18, United States Code, or chapters
109A, 109B, 110 or 117 of title 18, United States Code; and
(2) if the offense described in paragraph (1) involved
causing or threatening to cause physical injury to a person
under 18 years of age, in order to obstruct the
administration of justice, an additional penalty increase of
up to 12 levels, if appropriate, above the sentence otherwise
applicable in Part J of the Guidelines Manual.
SEC. 10. MINIMUM PENALTIES FOR POSSESSION OF CHILD
PORNOGRAPHY.
(a) Certain Activities Relating to Material Involving the
Sexual Exploitation of Minors.--Section 2252(b)(2) of title
18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after ``but
if'' the following: ``any visual depiction involved in the
offense involved a prepubescent minor or a minor who had not
attained 12 years of age, such person shall be fined under
this title and imprisoned for not less than 1 year nor more
than 20 years, or if''.
(b) Certain Activities Relating to Material Constituting or
Containing Child Pornography.--Section 2252A(b)(2) of title
18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after ``but,
if'' the following: ``any image of child pornography involved
in the offense involved a prepubescent minor or a minor who
had not attained 12 years of age, such person shall be fined
under this title and imprisoned for not less than 1 year nor
more than 20 years, or if''.
SEC. 11. ADMINISTRATIVE SUBPOENAS.
(a) In General.--Section 3486(a)(1) of title 18, United
States Code, is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A)--
(A) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' at the end;
(B) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii); and
(C) by inserting after clause (i) the following:
``(ii) an unregistered sex offender conducted by the United
States Marshals Service, the Director of the United States
Marshals Service; or''; and
(2) in subparagraph (D)--
(A) by striking ``paragraph, the term'' and inserting the
following: ``paragraph--
``(i) the term'';
(B) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``;
and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(ii) the term `sex offender' means an individual required
to register under the Sex Offender Registration and
Notification Act (42 U.S.C. 16901 et seq.).''.
(b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--Section 3486(a)
of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in paragraph (6)(A), by striking ``United State'' and
inserting ``United States'';
(2) in paragraph (9), by striking ``(1)(A)(ii)'' and
inserting ``(1)(A)(iii)''; and
(3) in paragraph (10), by striking ``paragraph (1)(A)(ii)''
and inserting ``paragraph (1)(A)(iii)''.
SEC. 12. REDUCING UNNECESSARY PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COSTS
OF GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS.
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this
Act, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget
shall coordinate with the heads of Federal departments and
independent agencies to--
(1) determine which Government publications could be
available on Government websites and no longer printed and to
devise a strategy to reduce overall Government printing costs
beginning with fiscal year 2012, except that the Director
shall ensure that essential printed documents prepared for
Social Security recipients, Medicare beneficiaries, and other
populations in areas with limited internet access or use
continue to remain available;
(2) establish government-wide Federal guidelines on
employee printing;
(3) issue on the Office of Management and Budget's public
website the results of a cost-benefit analysis on
implementing a digital signature system and on establishing
employee printing identification systems, such as the use of
individual employee cards or codes, to monitor the amount of
printing done by Federal employees, except that the Director
of the Office of Management and Budget shall ensure that
Federal employee printing costs unrelated to national
defense, homeland security, border security, national
disasters, and other emergencies do not exceed $860,000,000
annually for fiscal years 2012 through 2014; and
(4) issue guidelines requiring every department, agency,
commission or office to list at
[[Page S8700]]
a prominent place near the beginning of each publication
distributed to the public and issued or paid for by the
Federal Government the following:
(A) The name of the issuing agency, department, commission
or office.
(B) The total number of copies of the document printed.
(C) The collective cost of producing and printing all of
the copies of the document.
(D) The name of the firm publishing the document.
SEC. 13. BUDGETARY EFFECTS.
The budgetary effects of this Act, for the purpose of
complying with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go-Act of 2010, shall
be determined by reference to the latest statement titled
``Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation'' for this Act,
submitted for printing in the Congressional Record by the
Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee, provided that such
statement has been submitted prior to the vote on passage.
Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, with the passage of S. 2925, the Senate is
sending to the House the first ever all-out battle plan to defeat one
of the fastest growing criminal enterprises in our country; that is,
trafficking children for sex.
Senator Cornyn and I have worked together on this issue for many
months on a bipartisan basis with tremendous help from Chairman Leahy,
from Senator Sessions, from Senator Durbin, and Senator Kyl, and before
I begin my statement tonight, I wish to express my thanks to them. This
is a textbook for how the Senate ought to work together on an important
issue in a bipartisan way, and I am very grateful to my colleagues for
their leadership.
When I first approached Senator Cornyn, he said in our very first
conversation: This has nothing to do with Democrats and Republicans;
this is about doing what is right for young people. So I am very
grateful to my colleagues on both sides of the aisle for the support
they have shown on this matter.
Each year, an estimated 100,000 children in America are trafficked
for sex. They are recruited by violent criminals, and their average age
is between 12 and 14. The fact is, sex trafficking in children is
modern day slavery, pure and simple.
Tragically, my home State of Oregon has become a hub for those who
would exploit women and young girls, and the tragedy is my State is not
alone. What we have seen--and this was brought out in hearings--is that
the reason this is such a fast-growing crime is it is so easy to
perpetrate and there is such big money involved.
For example, experts in the field said for some time, you would see
gangs zero in on drugs. The fact is, trafficking in children, according
to many of the experts, is easier than trafficking in drugs, and today,
with the Internet and the anonymity that the Internet provides these
dangerous criminals who traffic in children, it is, as I say, one of
the fastest growing crimes in American life.
I got a sense of what this was all about this summer when I had a
chance to go out with Portland police officers in my hometown on 82nd
Avenue. What I saw is something I will never forget: a heart-wrenching
example of why this bipartisan legislation is so important. I saw a 15-
year-old girl essentially out there with the tools of the trade. She
had a cell phone so she could be in constant contact with her pimp, and
all night long they were getting messages: Made $80, made $100 on a
customer here or somewhere else. So she had her cell phone. She had a
butcher knife because she knew she needed a butcher knife to protect
herself, and she had a purse full of condoms, because she knew she was
going to have a bunch more customers during the course of the evening.
So what you have--and this is not primarily about statistics. If one
young woman, whether it is in the State of West Virginia or Oregon or
anywhere else, is prostituted this way, trafficked this way, that is
one young woman too many.
What the Senate has done now with the passage of S. 2925 is draw a
line in the sand and say, for the first time, that we are going to put
in place a comprehensive strategy, bring together the law enforcement
people and the human services people to deal with this in a way that is
going to allow us to send a message on the streets of this country--and
particularly the interstate highways which have become such a magnet
for sex trafficking--that the odds are going to be different; that this
time those who traffic in young women are going to face real prospects
of a deterrent.
The reality is these young women don't end up working as prostitutes
by accident. The growing army of pimps I mentioned--violent, ruthless
criminals--see this group as an ideal group of young people to prey on.
The fact is, a pimp can make $200,000 a year trafficking just one
victim. Of course, many of those pimps traffic multiple victims on any
particular occasion. Once a young girl is under the control of a pimp,
it is very difficult for that youngster to escape. The pimps use
violence to control girls, as well as traumatize them. They move the
girls constantly from city to city, keeping them isolated from any
source of support and preventing them from developing any kind of other
more healthy relationships.
In talking to law enforcement officials, I learned that removing sex
trafficking victims from the control of a pimp is very difficult. It is
one that requires training, resources, and in effect a strategy,
bringing together law enforcement people and social services people in
order to break this degrading and often deadly spiral of sex
trafficking in youngsters.
There are a variety of needs these young people have. One that
Senator Cornyn and I learned about in the course of our work is the
need for dedicated shelter for these youngsters who have been
trafficked. Without shelter, for example, there is no place to keep
trafficking victims safe from the pimps and to give them the counseling
and services they need. If there is no safe place for the victims to
stay, there is no way the law enforcement authorities can build a case
against the pimp. So this is a perfect example of how the important
work being done by our social service providers, in terms of the work
in the shelters, is absolutely a prerequisite to tough, aggressive
prosecution of the pimps because if you don't have a safe place for the
young women, there is no place for them to get the health care and
services and counseling they need.
In fact, the night when I was out in Portland and saw, in particular,
that 15-year-old with what I call the tools of the trade, when the
police picked her up--and Portland's professionals in the sex
trafficking field are extraordinarily talented. I saw that firsthand,
and officials from around the country tell me the same thing. One of
the big questions they were faced with was, where would they send the
young women they found that evening for the next couple of days in
order to just work out a more permanent living arrangement? In
Portland, we have been able to do it. But even in our city, which is
now mobilizing all through the community, it has been very difficult.
At present, there are only about 70 shelter beds for sex trafficking
victims in the whole country. So that is why I mentioned that pimps
know their chances of getting prosecuted for forcing girls to engage in
prostitution are very low. We have some laws on the books, but we also
need a strategy bringing together shelters, training for law
enforcement officials and other resources if we are going to have the
strongest possible battle plan against sex trafficking.
Senator Cornyn and I got together to introduce this legislation. We
would set up what amounts to model projects across the country to test
out the best approaches for combating sex trafficking of children. We
do make clear these approaches have to bring together law enforcement
people and social services.
It makes me very proud. The Chair, having served as Governor of West
Virginia, knows from time to time you see some debates between law
enforcement people and social services folks. Law enforcement people
believe prosecution is the way to go. The social services folks believe
their model is more effective.
What Senator Cornyn and I found is that this is an area where the law
enforcement people support the social services folks and vice versa
because they know both elements--social services and law enforcement--
are going to be necessary to fight this scourge.
I mentioned shelters. There would also be block grants available for
mental and physical health care, treatment for substance abuse and
sexual abuse, and also assistance with trauma care. There would be help
for the victims
[[Page S8701]]
with food, clothing, and other necessities; and together it means the
youngsters--primarily young women--who are going to be in these
shelters will know from the time they get to the shelter that caring
individuals want them to have a different life.
That is what drew me to this legislation. When you are talking about
preying on young people, every Member of the Senate is concerned. What
I think galvanized my attention was that a lot of these young women
don't think anybody cares about them except their pimp. They have
gotten to the point in life where they believe there isn't anybody in
their corner.
Their pimp says: You know, sweetheart, I care about you. You are
what's really important to me. Let's just make some money, and
eventually you will be out on your own.
What you have with these shelters, and also the law enforcement
people I saw in Portland, is young women saying for the first time that
there is an adult, a role model, who wants them to have a different
life, who wants them to have the prospect of a different future, where
they are not degrading themselves, where they are not victimized, where
they have a different set of possibilities for their lives.
The human services aspects of this legislation are extremely
important, and they complement the help that law enforcement would get
as well. I was particularly struck, as we got into the law enforcement
aspect of this fight against sex trafficking, that there, again, had
been some model approaches. The law enforcement official I was
particularly impressed with was the Dallas, TX, police sergeant Byron
Fassett. He explained to me that without the right training, law
enforcement officers would not know how to spot the signs of sex
trafficking and would not know how to handle the victims.
So Senator Cornyn and I thought, with the counsel of our colleagues
on both sides of the aisle, it would be important to provide
specialized training for police officers and prosecutors to help them
understand how to handle sex trafficking cases. The fact is, Sergeant
Fassett of Dallas, TX, can only be at one place at a time.
What this legislation is going to do is make it possible for other
leaders in the law enforcement field to get the training out across the
country, the state-of-the-art approaches about how to best fight the
violent criminals who engaged in this activity, and I am very pleased
that we were able to make possible part of the grant in this
legislation assistance for the law enforcement community.
Finally, the bill would address another issue that is a major
component of sex trafficking, and that is runaway children. One-third
of runaway children are lured into prostitution within 48 hours of
leaving their home. The evidence also shows that the children who have
run away multiple times are at the greatest risk of being drawn into
sex trafficking.
So what we are doing in this legislation is making it possible for
law enforcement officials to, in effect, make priority the children at
greatest risk; that is, these runaways. I am very pleased we were able
to work out a bipartisan agreement for our approach in this area.
It would be hard to give appropriate thanks to all who participated
in this effort--certainly, to do it without keeping you here until
breakfast time. Let me name just a small number of the many groups and
individuals who provided extremely valuable insight: the Polaris
Project, Shared Hope International, National Center for Missing and
Exploited Children, the FBI's Innocence Lost Project, and ECPAT-USA. I
could go on with the list of many groups.
Mr. President, I will tell you I am especially grateful to the faith
community for all of their efforts. Throughout this debate, Senator
Cornyn and I have been contacted by religious leaders from all over the
country, from all particular denominations, talking about how important
this legislation is to them; and what they conveyed to us is that this
is what they see in their congregations. This is what parents go to bed
at night worrying about--the prospect of seeing one of their youngsters
caught up in this vicious cycle of degradation, crime, and lost hope
for the future.
We could not be here tonight if it wasn't for the faith community
that, all across the country, contacted their Senators, contacted
various civic groups, and made common cause with rallies and marches
and petitions. This is what has made this night possible.
So I have tried to make sure the Senate knows that a whole host of
colleagues on both sides of the aisle have worked on this. I will say
my older daughter said the other night: Dad, I have figured it out. You
are in the only profession on Earth where somebody your age is
considered one of the young guys. I thought about that, because I have
had the honor of serving in the Senate for some time--recently was
reelected--and I can't recall a time when I felt prouder of the Senate
coming together to deal with something that would make a real
difference.
This one piece of legislation is not going to wipe out this
reprehensible, heinous crime, where youngsters who are 12 and 13 and 14
are trafficked for sex. But with this legislation, from Portland, OR,
to Portland, ME--and, frankly, this will have benefits internationally
because a lot of these youngsters are also trafficked for sex far from
the shores of the United States--tonight the Senate is making a
difference. Tonight, the Senate is giving hope to parents who are
concerned about their kids' future. For young women who are literally
going to be hiding tonight near some of these interstates--Interstate
5, which goes all through the West--with the passage of this
legislation and, hopefully, quick action by the House, this is a chance
to make a difference for these young people.
This is what public service is supposed to be all about--making a
difference for young people and families and doing it not on the basis
of Democrats and Republicans but on the basis of what is right, what is
moral, what is just. There are a lot of people who deserve credit here
tonight, especially my friend and colleague, Senator Cornyn, but I am
very hopeful the House will act on this legislation. I am going to put
additional remarks into the Record, but Joel Shapiro, of my office, did
yeoman's work on this legislation and deserves considerable credit
tonight. I will leave my additional remarks for the Congressional
Record, but tonight, through the good-faith efforts of lots of
community and faith leaders, there is an opportunity to help reduce one
of the fastest growing criminal enterprises in our country--certainly
one of the most immoral--the trafficking of young people for sex.
With that, I yield the floor, and I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
____________________