[Congressional Record Volume 156, Number 125 (Thursday, September 16, 2010)]
[House]
[Page H6795]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
CONSTITUTION
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a previous order of the House, the
gentleman from Utah (Mr. Bishop) is recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. BISHOP of Utah. Mr. Speaker, the last action that we took in this
body today was a resolution honoring the Constitution, which we
celebrate tomorrow. Since we are not in session tomorrow, I wish to
talk for a moment about that inspired document this evening.
It's difficult to do that, because as we talk about the Constitution,
I am looking straight at the relief of George Mason, who was one of
those unique characters in American history, one of three men who spent
the entire time at the Constitutional Convention and then refused to
sign the document.
When I was teaching school, I always insisted my students had to tell
me why Mason refused to sign it, which, of course, was because it did
not have the Bill of Rights. But I was always hoping, and hoping in
vain, that some bright student would ask the better question, which is
not why did Mason not sign, but why did all the other people who were
there at the Founding Fathers convention not go along with Mason for a
Bill of Rights?
It was certainly not because they were opposed to civil liberties,
but because the rest of the Founding Fathers realized that they could
accomplish the same goal by the structure of government, by dividing
power by the three branches of government horizontally so no branch had
too much power, but equally by dividing power vertically between the
Federal and State level. So no level of government had too much power;
you could accomplish the same goal of protection of individual
freedoms.
The issue at the Constitutional Convention was that of power. As the
States met and then ratified this document, the issue of power was
still there. We, of course, know of course that two States, North
Carolina and Rhode Island, did not ratify the document until after the
country was established. But five States, Virginia, Massachusetts, New
York, Maryland and South Carolina, sent specific amendments that should
be added to the document.
Foremost in each of those State's amendments was the concept of
sovereignty or the ability of States to make decisions. Their goal and
their concepts were incorporated in the 10th Amendment to the
Constitution, which put in written form the unnamed structure that the
Founding Fathers had established in the Constitution.
As one of our Justices on the Supreme Court said, the Constitution
protects us from our own best intentions. It divides power among
sovereigns, among branches of government, precisely so that we may
resist the temptation to concentrate power in one location as the
expedient solution to the crisis of the day.
For a century and a half, this Nation basically honored that concept.
In the last half century, though, we have stretched the idea
significantly. Starting with the progressive era at the early 1900s, it
was President Wilson who called this concept the separation of powers
political witchcraft. He said that separating powers into hidden
corners prevented us from consolidating powers to be used.
In the early 1900s, the politicians and the philosophers who believed
this did not do so because they misunderstood the Constitution, but
because they understood it and did not like the fact that it prevented
them from doing what they said were marvelous things.
We, today, still have this issue of power before us. For the last
couple of years we have debated on this floor the idea whether it is
better to consolidate power in Washington with the ultimate goal of
uniformity or to hold fast to the idea that States should be allowed to
have alternative ideas and that our ultimate goal should be creativity.
The 10th Amendment is not just about smaller government. It's about
more effective government, what works best for people and the idea that
not all programs have to be evolved from Washington. They also have
their idea because the 10th Amendment talks power for States and
individuals. In a concept that many of us on this floor can never get,
there are some problems that don't need a solution by government at
all.
The issue is creativity, efficiency, and justice. The issue is can
those best be resolved.
We still have this question of power that we are dealing with today,
and I would hope that we would reject the revisionist idea and,
instead, go along and support the Founding Fathers. For both the
constitutional structure and the 10th Amendment meant that our Founding
Fathers were inspired to get it right.
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