[Congressional Record Volume 156, Number 111 (Tuesday, July 27, 2010)]
[Senate]
[Pages S6267-S6268]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
DISCLOSE ACT
Mr. CORNYN. Madam President, I am going to talk about the so-called
DISCLOSE Act that we will vote on this afternoon at 2:45. Of course,
this is a cloture vote which will require 60 votes to proceed to the
bill.
At the time the cloture motion was filed, the bill was so new that it
was not even available on the Senate's Web site. Unfortunately, this
represents a trend where we have seen legislation come to the floor
that is so new and unavailable to the American people to read that they
are left to wonder what actually is in the bill.
This particular version of the bill was introduced less than a week
ago. Sadly, I have concluded that this bill represents another attempt
by my colleagues to push through legislation without adequate time for
deliberation and review. In this case, it has pretty dramatic and dire
consequences.
It will reduce freedom of speech in a way that is inconsistent with
the first amendment of the U.S. Constitution, it creates more Federal
regulation, and it does not give the American people the opportunity to
review the legislation and to weigh in because they cannot understand
what are the ramifications. So in the short time we have between now
and 2:45, I would like to weigh in a little bit to hopefully inform
anyone who is listening what this particular piece of legislation will
do.
I fear that what this legislation does, in sum, is to protect
incumbents--protect incumbents--which is not the type of legislation
that I think most of our constituents would want to see us pass. I
believe they would prefer legislation, if any legislation would be
necessary, that would not restrict freedom of speech but would
encourage freedom of speech and more political participation in our
elections and the process. But this bill doesn't do that. This bill
protects incumbents by suppressing the speech of some while letting
other speakers speak without any limitation whatsoever. In other words,
what this bill does is it picks winners and losers in the political
speech contest--something the first amendment does not allow us to do.
I would also say that in the rushing to judgment on the part of the
proponents of this bill, we are left to speculate as to what impact the
Citizens United decision by the U.S. Supreme Court will really have and
whether for-profit corporations will actually use this decision to
spend money in elections. I happen to believe there is very little
chance most corporations' shareholders will allow their money to be
spent for the purpose of advertising on issues in upcoming political
elections because they are going to either want the money returned in a
dividend to the shareholders or they are going to want money invested
to create a growing business and to create a better return on their
investment. They are not going to want their money used for the
purposes for which the proponents of this legislation fear, in my view.
The fact is, this bill will fundamentally remake the rules and
regulations governing the exercise of free speech in American
elections. We should be extra cautious in legislating in this area for
three reasons:
First, regulation of speech always raises significant first amendment
considerations. The first amendment is the cornerstone of our
democracy. Political speech about candidates for elected office is at
the core of the values protected by the first amendment.
Second, regulation of campaign speech often comes with unintended
consequences. Back in 2002--I wasn't here at the time--the Bipartisan
Campaign Reform Act was passed. It was also known as the BCRA or
McCain-Feingold. I believe it was passed with the very best of
intentions, but it has not prevented the exponential increase in the
amount of money spent in elections in America since that time. In the
2008 election cycle, President Obama and Senator McCain raised and
spent nearly twice as much money as President Bush and Senator Kerry
did in 2004--almost twice as much in 4 years. In fact, together, the
two Presidential candidates in 2008 spent more money for the general
election than did all the Presidential candidates between 1976 and 2000
combined. The so-called Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 has also
led to another unintended consequence: it has led to a proliferation of
interest groups using section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code or some
other provision of the law to pour massive amounts of money into
campaigns with even less transparency than has existed before.
The third reason we should be especially careful when regulating
political speech is that Senators have an inherent conflict of
interest. Our jobs depend on the rules surrounding campaigns and
elections, so there is a natural temptation by the Senate majority to
change the rules in a way that helps its own chances of reelection. The
question is, Does this bill resist that temptation to rewrite the rules
to benefit the majority party, to protect incumbents, or does this bill
succumb to that temptation? I submit that this bill succumbs to that
temptation in the haste to push through rules that will protect, in the
view of the proponents of this legislation, incumbents in the election
that will be held almost 100 days from now.
This bill would silence critics of the majority party--it is that
simple--and it would protect the closest allies and special interests
aligned with the majority party.
This bill treats similarly situated parties differently. That is what
I mean by picking winners and losers. It would silence businesses with
some foreign shareholders, but it would protect unions with significant
foreign membership. It would silence businesses with government
contracts, but it would protect unions of government employees and
unions that work on those same government contracts. It would silence
companies that have received TARP funds but protect the
[[Page S6268]]
unions that represent those same companies' employees.
Labor unions aren't the only allies of the majority party to receive
special treatment in this bill. The bill protects limited liability
partnerships and other business models favored by the legal profession.
It creates carve-outs reminiscent of what we saw happen in the health
care bill with the ``Louisiana purchase'' and the ``Cornhusker
kickback.'' It creates a carve-out for the largest, wealthiest, and
most powerful Washington-based special interest groups, such as the
National Rifle Association and the American Association of Retired
Persons, AARP.
The bill also tends to favor large businesses over small businesses
and Washington-based interest groups over grassroots interests. How
does this bill do that? Well, simply because it creates such a
Byzantine labyrinth of regulations and disclosure requirements that
only large organizations with the money to hire the very best lawyers
will be able to figure out how they can exercise their first amendment
rights. There are enough loopholes that a corporation or a union large
and sophisticated enough to set up the right legal structure can
continue to speak and spend money to exercise their first amendment
rights, but a small business or a grassroots group of citizens is
unlikely to have either those sorts of political connections or the
money to be able to hire the specialized expertise to allow them to
navigate this labyrinth. And if you can't afford to comply with the
bill's onerous regulations, then you are not allowed to speak at all.
Why are some of my colleagues supporting the bill? I can think of two
reasons:
First, some of my colleagues fear the righteous judgment of the
American people in this coming election on November 2. They are trying
to change the rules in the middle of the game to suppress the speech of
those who might disagree with these incumbent Senators who are standing
for reelection so that the American people won't have all sides of the
story when they go to vote on November 2. Bradley Smith, a former
Chairman of the Federal Election Commission, put it this way. He said
the so-called DISCLOSE Act should stand for the ``Democrat Incumbents
Seeking to Contain Losses by Outlawing Speech in Elections''--the
DISCLOSE Act.
Second, it is clear that some folks in Washington just like
suppressing speech they do not agree with. Other attempts have included
asking citizens to forward their neighbors' criticisms about the
administration to the White House e-mail account--remember when that
happened--and sending cease-and-desist letters--this is something the
administration did during the health care debate--to companies that
criticized their health care bill. And of course there have been well-
documented efforts to bring back the so-called Fairness Act, which is
anything but.
I don't know, though, whether my colleagues who are pushing this bill
are doing so in order to protect their political power or, frankly, in
an arrogant display of disdain for the views and opinions of the
American people--the kinds of views we have seen displayed at townhall
meetings, at tea party rallies, and other spontaneous movements around
this country. It is absolutely the fact that the first amendment was
written to protect freedom of speech, even the speech we don't like and
don't agree with. I believe the first amendment of the U.S.
Constitution and freedom of speech have made us stronger and freer and
has helped inform policymakers so that we can make better decisions
because we have considered all points of view.
But whatever the reason the proponents of this bill have for offering
this bill, I would point out--and I don't think it is a coincidence--
that the chief House proponent is the current chairman of the
Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee and the chief proponent in
the Senate is the former chairman of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign
Committee. I don't think that is coincidental.
Whatever the reason, I oppose this bill, and I urge my colleagues to
oppose this afternoon's cloture motion.
I yield the floor.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Tennessee.
Mr. ALEXANDER. Madam President, will you let me know when 9 minutes
has expired?
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. I will.
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