[Congressional Record Volume 156, Number 96 (Thursday, June 24, 2010)]
[House]
[Pages H4795-H4828]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
DEMOCRACY IS STRENGTHENED BY CASTING LIGHT ON SPENDING IN ELECTIONS ACT
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to House Resolution 1468 and rule
XVIII, the Chair declares the House in the Committee of the Whole House
on the State of the Union for the consideration of the bill, H.R. 5175.
{time} 1235
In the Committee of the Whole
Accordingly, the House resolved itself into the Committee of the
Whole House on the State of the Union for the consideration of the bill
(H.R. 5175) to amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to
prohibit foreign influence in Federal elections, to prohibit government
contractors from making expenditures with respect to such elections,
and to establish additional disclosure requirements with respect to
spending in such elections, and for other purposes, with Mr. Salazar in
the chair.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The CHAIR (Mr. Salazar). Pursuant to the rule, the bill is considered
read the first time. Pursuant to the rule and the order of the House of
today, the gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Brady) will control 20
minutes, the gentleman from California (Mr. Daniel E. Lungren) will
control 30 minutes, and the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Conyers) will
control 10 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Pennsylvania.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. I yield myself 3 minutes.
Mr. Chairman, I stand with the American people and the House
leadership in support of H.R. 5175, the Democracy is Strengthened by
Casting Light on Spending in Elections Act, or the DISCLOSE Act.
The legislation is designed to bring greater disclosure and
transparency to election spending. The importance of this objective was
reinforced in the Supreme Court's accompanying 8-1 decision that
reaffirmed ``the constitutionality and necessity of laws that require
the disclosure of political spending.''
Our democracy requires transparency and accountability in our
political campaigns. Knowing the source of political spending allows
voters to investigate the motives and to better assess the truthfulness
and accuracy of the claims of the spenders and the candidates.
The DISCLOSE Act is a careful response to address the likely
consequences of the Citizens United decision. The bill enhances
disclosure requirements for corporations, unions, and other groups that
decide to make campaign-related expenditures or to transfer funds to
other organizations for the purpose of engaging in campaign-related
activity.
This improvement to current disclosure requirements allows voters to
follow the money and ensure that special-interest money cannot hide
behind
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sham organizations and shell corporations. If outside groups spend
their funds in campaigns, the Supreme Court has recognized it as
essential to hold them accountable. Voters have a right to know who is
trying to buy our elections.
The bill expands disclaimers to require CEOs or highest-ranking
officials of organizations that sponsor political advertisements to
record ``stand by your ad'' disclaimers as well as to protect taxpayer
dollars from misuse by preventing certain government contractors and
TARP beneficiaries from making campaign-related expenditures.
The DISCLOSE Act also closes a loophole created by Citizens United to
ensure that foreign corporations and foreign governments are not able
to influence American elections by spending unlimited sums through
their U.S. subsidiaries or affiliates. By allowing these entities to
fund campaign communications, foreign-controlled corporations could use
potentially bottomless coffers to influence the course of political
debate and play a role in writing U.S. policy.
Considerable attention has been focused on a narrow exemption
included in the bill, which is designed to accommodate nonprofit issue
advocacy groups, which long have participated in political activity of
which its dues-paying members are aware of and support. To be eligible
for the exemption, an organization must have more than 500,000 dues-
paying members, with a presence in all 50 States, have had tax-exempt
status for the previous 10 years, and derive no more than 15 percent of
its funding from corporate or union sources. It cannot use any
corporate or union money to pay for campaign-related expenditures.
The narrowness of the existing exemption will prevent future
organizations from being formed to function only as ``dummy,'' or sham
groups, existing only to make campaign expenditures but without needing
to disclose their major funders.
{time} 1240
Exempted groups will still be required to file publicly available
reports disclosing their campaign-related expenditures, and the CEOs of
these groups will still have to appear in and take responsibility for
all campaign-related ads run by their group.
The CHAIR. The time of the gentleman has expired.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself 30 additional
seconds.
The DISCLOSE Act ensures transparency and enhances accountability. It
provides prompt and honest disclosure of political spending by those
seeking to influence our elections.
A total of six hearings were held in the House and Senate, with more
than 36 expert witnesses testifying. Concerned citizens have been vocal
about the potential consequences of the Citizens United decision,
sending nearly 2,500 emails and making roughly 4,500 phone calls in 1
week to the Committee on House Administration, urging Congress to
quickly consider legislation that addresses the loopholes created by
the Citizens United ruling.
The CHAIR. The time of the gentleman has again expired.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself 30 additional
seconds.
This outcry of support reveals the DISCLOSE Act reflects the will of
the American people and commands the support of their representatives.
In addition, with 114 cosponsors and a broad spectrum of support, H.R.
5175 promotes openness in our politics. If Congress does not adopt the
DISCLOSE Act, the public will be left in the dark to wonder whose
interests are truly being served by a flood of negative advertising
that will come to dominate campaigns.
I urge all Members to support this legislation.
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chair, obviously, if you
attempt to speak on the floor and your microphone is not near you or
they have turned it off, you can't exercise your right to represent
your constituents here--I yield myself such time as I may consume--and
that is the problem with this bill. It does not allow the free exercise
of the First Amendment right to speech.
The Constitution of the United States refers to that First Amendment.
And, unfortunately, in many, many decisions by the Supreme Court,
they've talked about everything other than political speech. Yet in the
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission case, the court finally
got it right. The majority opinion says the First Amendment stands
against attempts to disfavor certain subjects or viewpoints prohibited
to or restrictions differing among different speakers allowing speech
by some but not by others. Unfortunately, Mr. Chairman, that's exactly
what this bill does.
Benjamin Franklin stated: Whoever would overthrow the liberty of a
Nation must begin by subduing the freeness of speech. Unfortunately,
that is what we have here before us, Mr. Chairman. Just because you
call something ``disclose'' or ``disclosure'' does not make it so. When
you prohibit speech, as has been done here; when you have onerous
disclosure obligations placed on some but not all; when you make no
distinguishing, that is, constitutionally justifiable distinguishing
differences between groups, that is, you cause some to be subjected to
provisions of disclosure and others not; when you specifically have
five or six provisions in which you exempt unions as opposed to
corporations of all stripes, then you have rendered the bill
unconstitutional.
Mr. Chairman, I would have asked if it were proper to have a
unanimous consent request to extend our debate for 4 hours, but I know
that's not in order. The majority has decided to stifle debate by
allowing only a single hour of debate on this issue dealing directly
with the First Amendment. We have spent in excess of 10 hours in this
Congress talking about the naming of post offices, but we have
determined that we do not have more time than an hour to discuss
something as important as the First Amendment to the Constitution.
When we allow ourselves to become an auction house for the First
Amendment, where some, because of their power and influence, are
allowed to exercise First Amendment rights, unfettered, and others are
not, it is a sorry day. And to do it under the rubric of disclosure is
even worse, but that's what we have here.
Mr. Chairman, in the time given to us, I hope that we can explain
exactly what this bill does and what it does not do and why it, in
fact, not only is dangerous to the First Amendment but is directed at
the heart of the First Amendment, which is vigorous political speech,
particularly close to an election. It may make some Members
uncomfortable. As a matter of fact, in some of the hearings and markup
of this bill, we had Members saying, If I had my way, I'd make sure no
one could say anything about our campaigns except those of us who are
candidates. Unfortunately, there's something called the First
Amendment. And I know it's bothersome to some on the other side. I know
it's an obstacle to what they want to do. But when I came here, I took
an oath to uphold the Constitution and all parts, not just the Second
Amendment by way of specific exemption, but of all amendments, the
first as well as the second, and every other.
With that, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Ladies and gentlemen of the House, this is the most disturbing debate
that I have engaged in in the 111th Congress. And to hear what I've
already heard from one of the most distinguished members of this
Judiciary Committee is a little bit dismaying to me. Let me say this.
I'll answer one of his questions. What does the bill do? And I agree,
I'd love 4 hours. Perhaps we'll be debating this bill after the vote,
regardless of its outcome.
This bill rolls back the decision--the blatant decision--of Citizens
United in the Supreme Court by using the three tools that the Court
said that we could do to make their decision different. First, we can
increase disclosure; two, we can require disclaimer requirements on
advertisements; and, three, we can limit foreign influence in our
elections. One, two, three.
The danger of the Citizens United decision, the most shocking
decision I have read in the Supreme Court in many, many years, is the
threat of
[[Page H4797]]
groups who attack candidates for office without ever having to tell
people which corporations are bankrolling these ads. This is what the
DISCLOSE Act, the bill on the floor, is designed to prevent. This bill
permits some long-established advocacy groups to forego some of the new
disclosure requirements. But if these groups take more than 15 percent
of their money from corporations, then all the requirements of the
DISCLOSE Act kick in and they have to stand by their ads, just like
candidates do.
In Citizens United, Justice Stevens, who argued with much more
persuasive reasoning his position in this case, dissenting, said this:
``The Constitution does, in fact, permit numerous `restrictions on the
speech of some in order to prevent a few from drowning out the many;
for example, restrictions on ballot access and on legislators' floor
time.''
He stated that corporations are categorically different from
individuals. Here's what he said: ``In the context of election to
public office, the distinction between corporate and human speakers is
significant. Although they make enormous contributions to our society,
corporations are not actually members of it. They cannot vote or run
for office. Because they may be managed and controlled by nonresidents,
their interests may conflict in fundamental respects with the interests
of eligible voters.''
{time} 1250
And then he closed with this sentence: ``Our lawmakers have a
compelling constitutional basis, if not a democratic duty, to take
measures designed to guard against the potentially deleterious effects
of corporate spending in local and national races.''
Mr. Chair, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 minutes to the
gentlelady from California (Ms. Zoe Lofgren), a valued member of the
Committee on House Administration.
Ms. ZOE LOFGREN of California. Mr. Chair, the Supreme Court's
decision in the Citizens United case fundamentally altered the
political landscape. As a result of the Court's ruling, all
organizations, corporations and unions are free to take unlimited
corporate money and make unlimited political expenditures. This could
allow corporations to simply take over the political system.
According to a report released late last year by Common Cause, the
average amount spent for winning a House seat in the 2008 cycle was
$1.4 million. During the same cycle, Exxon-Mobil recorded $80 billion
in profits. If Exxon-Mobil chose to use just 1 percent of their profits
on political activity, it would be more than what all 435 winning
congressional candidates spent in that election cycle, and that's just
1 percent of the profits of one corporation.
Now according to the Supreme Court, we cannot limit what corporations
can say or what they can spend, but we can require them to disclose
what they are doing to the American public. And I will read you what
the Court said in its decision: ``The First Amendment protects
political speech, and disclosure permits citizens and shareholders to
react to the speech of corporate entities in a proper way. This
transparency enables the electorate to make informed decisions and give
proper weight to different speakers and messages.'' And that's what
this bill does. It does exactly what the Supreme Court said that we
could do and should do, and that is to require disclosure, to require
transparency.
In the past, transparency has been a bipartisan issue. Senator Mitch
McConnell was quoted in April saying, ``We need to have real
disclosure.'' Why would a little disclosure be better than a lot of
disclosure? Republican leader John Boehner in 2007 said, ``I think what
we ought to do is we ought to have full disclosure.'' And went on to
say, ``I think that sunlight is the best disinfectant.''
This measure, the DISCLOSE Act, has been supported by government
reform groups, including Common Cause, the League of Women Voters,
Public Citizens, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid; and the chairman of
the Senate Rules Committee have released a letter indicating their
strong commitment to Senate action on the DISCLOSE Act. The White House
strongly supports the DISCLOSE Act. The President says he will sign
this bill when it comes to his desk.
Now, I ask my colleagues, will you stand with the American people in
calling for disclosure and transparency in the political process, or
will you allow corporations to overtake our democracy with the
expenditure of undisclosed, limitless amounts of money? I think that we
should stand with the American people. We should vote for the DISCLOSE
Act. Disclosure is good. Voters need to know who is saying what.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. At this time, Mr. Chairman, I
yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from Mississippi (Mr. Harper), a
valued member of our committee.
Mr. HARPER. Mr. Chairman, if there is anything the hearings on this
bill and the subsequent discussion taught us, it is that the bill is
far from clear. The authors of the bill say it does one thing; the
experts say it does another; the majority's own witnesses have said
that it will be up to the FEC to decide what the language means.
This confusion and ambiguity would be bad enough in any bill, but it
is especially bad here. This bill has implementing language that makes
it take effect 30 days after enactment regardless of whether the FEC
has published regulations. Indeed, one of the majority's witnesses said
at a hearing that it would be next to impossible for the FEC to
promulgate regulations before the November elections. That means as we
move toward elections just 4 months away and Americans consider how to
express their views, there will be no guidance to clear up the bill's
ambiguity, no instructions for how to comply, and no way to participate
in the political process with confidence that your speech will not land
you in jail.
Mr. Chairman, this bill is going to impose civil and criminal
penalties on speakers without them having any notice that their
behavior may be against the law. What that means is that rather than
exercising their First Amendment rights, speakers are just going to
stay silent. As former United States Solicitor General Ted Olson stated
at our committee's May 6 hearing, ``So we are saying that you have to
guess what the law is because the government can't even tell you what
the law is. And if you guess wrong, you may be sent to jail or you may
be prosecuted.''
Those who seek to challenge this bill's ambiguous and potentially
unconstitutional provisions in court are going to be faced with a
judicial review process designed for delay and frustration. The
procedure in this bill conflicts with the processes created in both the
Federal Election Campaign Act and the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act,
opening the door to collateral litigation to decide what court to be in
before the case is even heard. Section 401 of this bill is
congressional forum shopping.
The only conclusion one can draw from the immediate implementation
without regulatory guidance and the protracted court process is that
this bill is designed to affect the outcome of the 2010 elections.
Indeed, one need not guess to know that this is true. A letter sent
earlier this week from Senate majority leadership to House majority
leadership pledged to work ``tirelessly'' so that the bill ``can be
signed by the President in time to take effect for the 2010
elections.''
And there it is, Mr. Chairman. The proponents of the bill want this
House to pass legislation in time to affect the outcomes of the 2010
elections. They have refused our proposals to make this bill effective
in 2011 because they want to change the law this year to affect this
election--no matter that there will be no explanatory regulations and
no review to ensure that the law complies with the Constitution.
The CHAIR. The time of the gentleman from Mississippi has expired.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I yield the gentleman 1
additional minute.
Mr. HARPER. So the end result is the bill's proponents are rushing it
into effect before the regulators or the regulated community are ready,
doing what they can to delay court review, and taking those steps
despite their obvious expectation that parts of the bill will not
survive judicial scrutiny. The only reason that makes sense has to do
with the elections coming up in just over 4 months. The House should
reject
[[Page H4798]]
this attempt to pass a law that can alter the outcome of its own
upcoming elections, and let the voters decide this for themselves. I
urge my colleagues to oppose this bill.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to the
gentleman from Maryland, Chris Van Hollen.
Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. Chair, I want to start by thanking Chairman
Brady, Ms. Lofgren, and the other members of the committee, as well as
Chairman Conyers, Mr. Nadler, and those on the Judiciary Committee, and
to Mike Castle and all the other cosponsors of this legislation, which
addresses the very serious threats to our democracy created by the
Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United, which in a very radical
departure from precedent said that major corporations, including
foreign-controlled corporations operating in the United States, will be
treated like American citizens for the purposes of being able to spend
unlimited amounts of money in our elections.
This bill addresses this issue in three ways. First we say, if you're
a foreign-controlled corporation--if you are British Petroleum, if you
are a Chinese wealth fund that controls a corporation here in the
United States, if you are Citgo, controlled by Hugo Chavez, you have no
business spending money in U.S. elections overtly or secretly. And if
we don't do something about that now, they will be able to do either of
those things.
{time} 1300
Number two, we say if you are a Federal contractor, if you are
getting over $10 million from the American taxpayer or you are AIG, you
shouldn't be recycling those moneys into elections to try and influence
the body that gave you the contracts because there is a greater danger
of corruption in the expenditure of those moneys.
Third, we require disclosure. We believe that the voter has the right
to know. You would think from the comments from the other side of the
aisle we are restricting what people can say. That is not true. You can
say anything you want in any ad you want. What you can't do is hide
behind the darkness, not tell people who you are. Voters have a right
to know when they see an ad going on with a nice-sounding name, the
Fund For a Better America, they have the right to know who is paying
for it. They have a right to know if BP is paying for it. They have a
right to know if any corporation or big-bucks individual is paying for
it because it is a way to give them information to assess the
credibility of the ad.
You vote ``no'' on this, you are saying go ahead and spend millions
of dollars, corporations or individuals, and say whatever you want,
which is fine, but we are not going to let the voters know who you are.
That is what a lot of these interests want. And the reason the League
of Women Voters--no big special interest group there--League of Women
Voters, Common Cause, Public Citizen, Democracy 21, all of the
organizations that have devoted themselves to clean and fair elections
support this legislation because they understand that the American
voter has a right to know who is spending all of these moneys on these
ads, and they don't want foreign-controlled corporations dumping
millions of dollars into U.S. elections.
So, my colleagues, I hope we will move forward on this to make sure
that the voice of citizens is not drowned out by secret spending by the
biggest corporations, including foreign-controlled corporations.
Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to yield 2 minutes to the
chairman of the Constitution Subcommittee, the gentleman from New York
(Mr. Nadler).
Mr. NADLER of New York. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the
DISCLOSE Act.
Earlier this year, a majority of the Supreme Court reversed decades
of precedent and struck down a whole series of reform laws limiting the
influence of corporate money in elections. The court ruled that
corporations are people, just like you and me, and have a corresponding
absolute constitutional right to pump as much money as they want into
our elections. It revived the fears of concentrated corporate powers,
distorting our democratic process, fears that have been held by
believers in a republican form of government from the days of Jefferson
and Madison and Jackson.
The very real danger now is that corporations will be able to use
vast sums of concentrated money to further corrupt our political
process and drown out the voices of everyone else. Without action, as a
result of this latest activist Supreme Court decision, our electoral
system will once again be at the mercy of large moneyed interests.
This bill takes several critical steps to reclaim our elections. The
most important one is that it would require disclosure by corporations
and labor unions of donors providing money for political purposes in
certain circumstances, and would mandate that corporate CEOs appear in
company political ads to say that they ``approve this message,'' just
as candidates would do.
With these and several other provisions, the DISCLOSE Act will
constitutionally set some limits on the role of big money in politics,
not by limiting the corporate money, unfortunately, but by requiring
disclosure of the sources of the corporate money, and thus providing
voters with valuable information on which wealthy interests are behind
which political advertising so voters can better evaluate that
advertising.
I know many people on the other side of the aisle who opposed
contribution limits previously, in the McCain-Feingold Act, for
instance, always said, Don't limit political expenditures. The solution
is disclosure. Let people know who is sponsoring the ads, that will
safeguard the integrity of our elections. Well, I don't think
disclosure is enough, but it is all the Supreme Court will allow us to
do. And to hear all of the people on the other side of the aisle now,
people who argued for disclosure for years, now suddenly claim that
requiring disclosure is a limit on free speech is very disturbing, to
put it mildly.
The CHAIR. The time of the gentleman has expired.
Mr. CONYERS. I yield the gentleman an additional 1 minute.
Mr. NADLER of New York. It is important that voters know whether the
ad sponsored by Citizens for a Clean Environment are really bank-rolled
by British Petroleum, or perhaps by the Sierra Club, in order to judge
the ad's credibility.
Now, I know there is a great deal of concern by some people about one
part of the legislation which would exempt the category of
organizations from the obligation to disclose their contributors, not
from other obligations of the bill, but from the obligation to disclose
their contributors. By limiting the exemption of this one requirement
to include only those organizations which have been in existence for at
least a decade, have 500,000 dues-paying members, have dues-paying
members in each of the 50 States, and receive no more than 15 percent
of their funding from corporations and unions, the bill would still
require disclosure from the kind of corporations who seek to buy
elections secretly and with unlimited cash. We cannot allow the perfect
to become the enemy of the good. The DISCLOSE Act would make a vast and
substantial difference in protecting the integrity of our elections,
and I cannot think of a more important bill if this country is going to
remain a democracy with a small ``d'' and not a captive of large
corporations.
I urge all of my colleagues to support this bill despite its
imperfections.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes
to the gentleman from California (Mr. McCarthy), a valued member of our
committee.
Mr. McCARTHY of California. Mr. Chairman, just a block away from this
Capitol stands the Supreme Court. Like many other courthouses across
this country, it bears the image of the Goddess of Justice. Many of you
know the statue. She holds a set of scales symbolizing the fairness and
equality of law. She wears a blindfold symbolizing impartiality.
Unfortunately, this bill does not represent either of those issues.
Like so many other bills this House Democratic leadership has forced
onto the floor, this bill suffers the same taint. The provisions in
this bill are a result of backroom negotiations and special deals to
exempt some powerful interest groups at the expense of smaller ones.
[[Page H4799]]
But the unfortunate thing about this bill today is rather than
respecting the First Amendment promise to protect the speech of all
Americans, it attempts to use the First Amendment as a partisan
sledgehammer to silence certain speakers in favor of others, especially
unions.
Mr. Chairman, this bill bans corporations with government contracts
over $10 million from political speech. The sponsor says that is
because those contractors might try to influence decisions by
government officials. But this bill does nothing for the labor unions
who are parties to collective bargaining agreements with the
government. Even though unions have huge amounts of money at stake and
every incentive to influence decisions about the contracts by
government officials, it does nothing.
We offered an amendment to uphold fairness and equality, but that was
rejected in committee.
A second example, Mr. Chairman, is we all agree that foreign citizens
shouldn't influence our elections, whether they are foreign citizens
that are part of the foreign corporation, or foreign citizens that are
part of a union with interests in the United States.
This bill requires CEOs to certify, under penalty of perjury, that
their companies are not foreign nationals, under the newly expanded
standard of the bill. But the bill does nothing to ensure that when
labor unions are spending money on elections, that money did not come
from people who are themselves prohibited from spending money to
influence American elections.
Again, we offered an amendment to treat corporations and unions
equally under the bill by requiring the same certification of labor
union chiefs, but again, it was rejected.
Mr. Chairman, a third example: I point to the centerpiece provision
of this bill, the so-called disclosure requirement. The bill requires
organizations to disclose information about the individuals who gave
more than $600. But the Federal Election Committee asked everybody else
to do it at $200.
The CHAIR. The time of the gentleman has expired.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I yield the gentleman an
additional 1 minute.
Mr. McCARTHY of California. As one of the majority members of our
committee asked, Where did that number come from? Well, it is just high
enough to make sure that unions will not have to report any of their
dues, because as you see, the average for a union is $377 in 2004, so
it treats them different than we treat every other American and every
other campaign. So while candidates and political parties have to
itemize contributions from donors above $200, we have a different rule
in this bill, a rule apparently designed for the convenience of unions.
Again, we offered an amendment to make this disclosure requirement
the same as how all Federal laws have long required disclosure of
donors to candidates and political parties, but again, it was rejected.
{time} 1310
Rather than spending time today listening to Americans and addressing
the number one priority in this country, helping to create jobs and
grow our economy, again and again I watch this Congress mired in its
own partisan priorities. I listened to the gentleman from Maryland. He
happens also to be the chairman of the Democratic Congressional
Committee.
The CHAIR. The time of the gentleman has again expired.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I yield the gentleman 30
additional seconds.
Mr. McCARTHY of California. As I listened, I remembered last week as
we sat on this floor thinking this bill would come together, but the
backroom deal was not done. As I started the speech, thinking of the
Goddess of Justice, and I go through this bill, the blindfold is taken
off and the thumb is put on the scale to weigh to one side. This does
not honor the First Amendment. This does not honor the fairness of what
this building represents.
I ask for a ``no'' vote.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to yield 2
minutes to the gentlelady from California (Mrs. Davis), another valued
member of the House Administration Committee.
Mrs. DAVIS of California. Mr. Chairman, I rise today in support of
the DISCLOSE Act. Under current law, yes, it is correct that groups
must disclose their name in advertisements and file a disclosure form,
but, you know, that doesn't tell anyone very much at all.
Right now, voters see TV ads sponsored by organizations they have
never heard of, groups like the American Future Fund, American
Leadership Project, Citizens for Strength and Security, Common Sense in
America, and today I am getting calls from the Campaign for Liberty.
But they will not tell us who they are. Does anybody know who they are?
In 2008, there were over 80 of these groups, and they bought $135
million in advertisements. I, for one, don't think our constituents
should go through another election cycle in the dark. Voters want to
know: Who's behind that ad? Who stands to gain from it? Why isn't an
actual person, a corporation, or a union taking responsibility for it?
The DISCLOSE Act will finally put that information in voters' hands
with tough disclosure and disclaimer requirements.
I want to tell you because the DISCLOSE Act also sets some important
limits to protect taxpayer dollars. I ask those opposed to the bill: Do
we want ads from banks that still have TARP funds? Do we want
subsidiaries of foreign-controlled companies meddling in our elections?
Well, I would think the answer is clearly ``no.''
The DISCLOSE Act is just like other consumer protection bills this
body has passed. I can think of no single time that I regretted giving
my constituents more information so they can make wise, informed
decisions.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to yield 1
minute to the gentleman from New Mexico (Mr. Teague).
Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Chairman, I rise today in strong support of the
DISCLOSE Act, a bill that I am proud to cosponsor. Several months ago,
in the Citizens United case, the Supreme Court made a dangerous
decision to allow unlimited corporate and union money into our
elections. The consequences of this decision for our democracy are
dire.
Unless we act, massive corporations can secretly funnel hundreds of
millions of dollars through shadowy front groups to influence
elections. A foreign company like British Petroleum could even
retaliate against Members of Congress who want to hold them accountable
by secretly funding millions in attack ads.
If we don't act to stop this injustice, limitless corporate money
will flood into our political system and drown out the voice of the
American people. Debates between citizens will be replaced by hours of
televised ads secretly funded by corporate interests.
Some people say this is a First Amendment free speech issue. Of
course it is. The court decision actually lets foreign corporations
influence our elections. What this bill does is protect the speech of
American citizens.
Mr. Chair, the DISCLOSE Act says free speech is for people. The
DISCLOSE Act also says pick a side. Do you support protecting the voice
of the American people?
I ask everyone to support the bill.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, at this time I
yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Smith), the ranking
member of the Judiciary Committee.
Mr. SMITH of Texas. Mr. Chairman, first of all, I want to thank the
ranking member of this committee, and my colleague on the Judiciary
Committee, for yielding me time.
Mr. Chairman, earlier this year, in Citizens United v. Federal
Election Commission, the Supreme Court struck down several provisions
of Federal law on the grounds they violated organizations' First
Amendment rights. Yet the DISCLOSE Act would subject corporations and
other organizations to yet more regulations that unduly restrict their
freedom of speech. It would do this while unfairly sparing unions and
other preferred groups from the same regulations.
This legislation is plainly unconstitutional. The DISCLOSE Act would
unconstitutionally ban political speech by government contractors and
companies with as much as 80 percent ownership by U.S. citizens. It
would unconstitutionally limit the amount of information that
organizations can include
[[Page H4800]]
in ads stating their political opinions. It would unconstitutionally
require the disclosure of an organization's donors, in violation of
their right to free association. And it would unconstitutionally exempt
favored organizations from its requirements.
The DISCLOSE Act is unconstitutional, and it should be soundly
rejected by the House today.
Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Chair, I am pleased to yield 1 minute to Jared Polis
of Colorado, a great member of our committee.
Mr. POLIS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong support of H.R. 5175, the
DISCLOSE Act.
Corporations are not human beings. Corporations may employ and be
owned by human beings, all of whom in their individual capacity enjoy
their constitutional rights, but corporations themselves are not alive.
Their mothers can't die of cancer. Their sons can't be sent off to war.
Corporations are political zombies, knowing only the pursuit of the
flesh of profit, which is fine in an economic context, which is the
economic reason that corporations exist. But in the political context,
there is negative civic value to such advocacy, especially without the
reasonable restrictions that were tossed out by the recent Supreme
Court decision in Citizens United v. FEC.
In a capitalist system, when government gives politically connected
corporations an advantage over their less politically connected
competitors, everyone suffers, and it undermines the confidence of
liberals, conservatives, all citizens. That's why the DISCLOSE Act is
so urgently needed: to provide safeguards, disclosure about the flood
of special interest money into our elections, and to protect the free
speech of individual Americans.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to yield 1
minute to the gentleman from New York (Mr. Hall).
Mr. HALL of New York. Mr. Chairman, I rise today to strongly support
H.R. 5175, the DISCLOSE Act. The Supreme Court's decision in Citizens
United was disastrous and gave corporations not just the rights of
persons, but way more rights than persons have. You or I as an
individual, any citizen, has a limit on how much they can donate in any
given campaign cycle; whereas, under the current court decision,
corporations have no limit.
One of the most important provisions of the bill we are talking about
would prevent foreign-owned companies from buying U.S. elections. And I
would like to thank Chairman Van Hollen's willingness to work with me
in including a similar provision in the bill to one that I introduced
in my Freedom from Foreign-Based Manipulation in American Elections
Act, to prevent companies like BP from deciding who is elected to
Congress.
This should be about representing our people, and our friends on both
sides of the aisle like to say that we represent the people. Well, a
poll just came out showing 87 percent of Republicans and 91 percent of
Independents--91 percent of Independents--support this bill.
I urge all Members to vote for it.
{time} 1320
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I yield myself such time as I
may consume.
Mr. Chairman, there has been a discussion about the different groups
that support this bill. Interestingly enough, as debate started on the
rule today, we have received word from 18 more groups that they oppose
this bill. Now we're up to 456 groups that oppose this bill officially,
including the American Civil Liberties Union, National Right to Life,
and the Sierra Club.
Let me quote, if I might, from the ACLU's letter that is dated June
17, 2010, because much has been made on the other side of the aisle of
groups that support this, but yet why not talk about groups that are
known for protecting the First Amendment. The ACLU says in their
letter:
``To the extent that restrictions on free speech might be tolerated
at all, it is essential that they refrain from discriminating based on
the identity of the speaker.'' And they're referring specifically to
this bill.
``The ACLU welcomes reforms that improve our democratic elections by
improving the information available to voters. While some elements of
this bill move in that direction, the system is not strengthened by
chilling free speech and invading the privacy of even modest donors to
controversial causes.''
That, of course, refers to the seminal case on this by the Supreme
Court and I believe in 1948, NCAA v. Alabama where they showed that
revelation of members or donors to certain groups that are disfavored
can lead to intimidation.
They go on to say here: ``Indeed, our Constitution embraces public
discussion of matters that are important to our Nation's future, and it
respects the right of individuals to support those conversations
without being exposed to unnecessary risks of harassment or
embarrassment. Only reforms that promote speech, rather than limit it,
and apply evenhandedly, rather than selectively, will bring positive
change to our elections. Because the DISCLOSE Act misses both of these
targets, the ACLU opposes its passage and urges a `no' vote on H.R.
5175.''
I made a mistake earlier when I referred to the amount of time we are
allowed to debate the naming of post offices in this Congress. As a
matter of fact, 41 hours have been granted by the Rules Committee or
under suspension under our rules to the debate on the naming of post
offices, but we could only give 1 hour to this debate.
Ironic, isn't it, that they talk about this being the DISCLOSE Act.
The guts of the bill were not disclosed to those of us on the
committee. I even asked if I could see a copy. In fact, I asked a
Member of this House who had received a copy, and he was told that he
was prohibited from showing it to those of us on the Republican side
because the leadership on the Democratic side did not want us to know
what they were doing.
The DISCLOSE Act? They didn't disclose the actual bill that we have
here until 2 hours before we went to the Rules Committee yesterday. And
maybe one of the reasons they didn't want to disclose it is that in
addition to those exemptions specifically given to labor unions,
allowing labor unions to be exempt from the disclosure that all other--
not just the major corporations you keep talking about. Remember,
corporations are the usual associated legal apparatus used by most
advocacy groups. So that's who you are talking about.
And you keep saying, well, you can have foreign companies and foreign
countries under this decision by the Supreme Court control the message
and campaign. That's just utterly untrue. It's not allowed by law
before. It wasn't changed by the Supreme Court decision, and so at
least you ought to talk about what the law is. It is not true. That's a
dog that won't hunt, and you keep putting it up here and you keep
putting it up here, and either you haven't read your own bill, you
haven't read the Supreme Court decision, or there's an attempt to not
tell people exactly what is happening.
But one of the reasons I believe that perhaps we didn't get an
opportunity to see the latest version of the bill is because it
contains a huge, new, big union loophole; and it allows the transfer of
all kinds of funds, unlimited funds among affiliated unions so long as
not a single member is responsible for $50,000. I doubt that many
members are responsible for $50,000, which means there will be no
limitation whatsoever with respect to unions here.
So let's get the facts straight. There was an auction in this House
behind closed doors. Certain groups won the auction; other groups did
not. That's one of the reasons the ACLU is against it. That's why we
should be against it.
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to yield 45 seconds to the
gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Johnson), the distinguished subcommittee
chairman on Courts and Competition.
Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia. Let's get right down to it. Why are the
Republicans opposed to restricting campaign donations in American
campaigns both local, State, and Federal? Why? It's because Republicans
favor Big Business and Big Business favors Republicans. With all of
these unlimited dollars flowing through, we'll see more Republicans
getting elected, both local, State, and Federal.
What it means is that BP, a corporate wrongdoer, foreign corporation,
[[Page H4801]]
can influence elections. It means Goldman Sachs and other corporate
miscreants can influence elections, no limit, no boundaries. That's
what will happen if we don't pass the DISCLOSE Act.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, may I inquire how much time
is left?
The CHAIR. The gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Brady) has 6 minutes,
the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Conyers) has 45 seconds, and the
gentleman from California (Mr. Daniel E. Lungren) has 11 minutes
remaining.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, at this time, I am pleased
to yield 1\1/2\ minutes to the gentleman from Delaware (Mr. Castle).
Mr. CASTLE. I thank the gentleman for yielding.
Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the DISCLOSE Act. I would like to
thank Mr. Van Hollen and his office for their work on this as well.
I believe that this is relatively simple. I think that all of us in
this country have a right to know who is putting forth ads for or
against candidates as the campaigns run on. We do that as elected
officials. The political parties do that. We also file all those who
contribute money to us above certain amounts, and that I believe also
should be done.
This act that we are trying to pass basically is one of transparency.
You can call it DISCLOSE, whatever you wish; but it basically indicates
that foreign corporations cannot spend dollars in U.S. elections, and
Federal contractors cannot get involved. But those who can, the
corporations, unions, not-for-profits, must disclose who is paying for
it in terms of the CEO coming forward and major contributors being
posted so that people know who is paying for it.
It does not limit what they can say. I do not believe it's in any way
a violation of the First Amendment as has been stated here on repeated
occasions.
I will be the first to tell you I do not like the manager's amendment
that was in the rule with respect to the exemptions for certain
entities--not because there's anything wrong with the entities--but my
judgment is this should be applicable to everybody who would fall into
these categories. Perhaps that will be fixed in the Senate.
{time} 1330
But the bottom line is, this is a disclosure act so that the people
of this country will know who is advertising. We've all been subjected
to it. We've all seen these ads where you wonder just who is running
that ad, and now we'll have a pretty good idea. I hope our body will
support it.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I would extend 1 minute of my
time to the gentleman from Michigan, who I understand needs more time.
Mr. CONYERS. Could the gentleman spare us a couple minutes?
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Well, let's start with 1 minute
and we'll see where we go from there.
The CHAIR. The gentleman from Michigan is recognized for 1 minute.
Mr. CONYERS. I am very pleased now to yield 1 minute to the
distinguished senior member of the Judiciary Committee, Sheila Jackson
Lee of Texas.
Ms. JACKSON LEE of Texas. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, for your
leadership and boldness on this issue.
Mr. Chairman, I hold in my hand a version of the Constitution that is
in this very distinct book of rules. And clearly I think it is
important for the American people to understand really the action items
of this legislation.
Can you imagine a government contractor being paid by your tax
dollars--they might be doing the right thing, we don't know--but
advocating with your tax dollars for a position you do not want without
you knowing that that is occurring?
This bill is under the First Amendment because it says that we give
you more transparency. If we read the Constitution in its entirety, the
opening says that ``We have come together to form a more perfect
Union.'' That means if people are dissatisfied with this bill, they
have a right to petition the courts. But we believe we are erring on
the side of rightness, breaking those bold chains of big money around
your neck and allowing people to either be elected or run for office,
dominated, slammed down on the basis of big money.
This is a good change. I ask for my colleagues to support this
legislation.
Mr. Chair, I rise in strong support of the DISCLOSE Act, H.R. 5175. I
have said repeatedly that this has been one of the most difficult
decisions of my political career. However, I strongly believe that if
we do not support H.R. 5175, we will be overwhelmed during this
election cycle by the richest corporations and individuals in the U.S.
I do not believe we will be able to even begin to estimate how much
might be spent in the mid-term elections.
I do know that without some mechanism to prevent political opponents
from tapping into an unlimited supply of cash, we will be setting the
stage for our own demise, as well as a dangerous precedent for future
elections. U.S. politics will never be the same after the midterm
elections if we do not pass the DISCLOSE Act.
Of course, arguments have been made involving the First Amendment.
Many arguments opposing the bill on constitutional grounds are
legitimate. Yet, these arguments negate the fact that the DISCLOSE Act
will actually expand First Amendment rights that might otherwise be
drowned out because the legislation provides fair access for all
parties, while breaking the chain big money has in American politics.
Sitting on the fence on this bill might be considered tempting,
although if we sit on the fence today we will pay a price tomorrow.
While the DISCLOSE Act exempts large established 501(c)(4) from some
of the bill's disclosure requirements, it addresses the fundamental
issue of eliminating the possibility that a rich corporation or
individual can hide behind their money. Transparency as it relates to
campaign financing is the principle behind the DISCLOSE Act.
After years of the Abramoff scandal, special interests lobbyists
writing legislation and an explosion of earmarks, the New Direction
Congress is working to restore honest leadership and open government.
Congressional Republicans support Wall Street banks, credit card
companies, Big Oil, and insurance companies--special interests that
benefited from Bush's policies and created the worst financial crisis
since the Great Depression--and are working to be rewarded by their
corporate friends.
The DISCLOSE ACT will accomplish a number of things, including:
Prevent Large Government Contractors from Spending Money on
Elections: Prevents government contractors with over $10 million in
contract money from making independent expenditures and electioneering
communications. Before the Citizens United case, corporations could not
make political expenditures in federal elections.
Prevent TARP recipients from Spending Money on Elections: Prohibits
bailout beneficiaries from making independent expenditures or
electioneering communications in federal elections until the government
money is repaid.
Limit Foreign Influence in American Elections: Extends existing
prohibitions on campaign contributions and expenditures by foreign
nationals to domestic corporations in which foreign nationals own more
than 20% of voting shares, make up a majority of the board of
directors, and/or have the power to dictate decision-making of the
domestic corporation.
Strengthen Disclosure of Election Ads: Expands electioneering
communications that must be disclosed under the bill to broadcast ads
referring to a candidate in the 120 days before the general election,
expanded from 60 days before the general under current law.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased again to yield
2 minutes to the gentleman from Maryland (Mr. Van Hollen).
Mr. VAN HOLLEN. I thank the chairman for yielding.
I just want to emphasize again, as Justice Stevens pointed out in his
dissent, that the Supreme Court decision did open the door to foreign-
controlled corporations spending money directly in U.S. elections. If
you have a U.S. subsidiary of a foreign corporation that's controlled
by that corporation, when the Supreme Court essentially said all
corporations could spend money directly in U.S. elections, they opened
the door very clearly to that. And it's an area where it's also clear
Congress can move to legislate.
Number two, it's no surprise that you have lots of organizations on
the right and the left--love what they stand for or hate what they
stand for--that are opposing this bill because they don't want voters
in many instances to know who is funding their ads. That's not a
surprise at all. That's why those organizations who are devoted solely
to clean campaign elections, like the League of Women Voters and Common
Cause, are for this bill while all the others are against it.
Let me say something with respect to unions. There is no such thing
as a U.S. subsidiary of a foreign union. So this is a red herring
issue.
[[Page H4802]]
Second, under U.S. law, we have never defined collective bargaining
agreements as Federal contracts like those contracts that go to the
corporations themselves.
Number three, I draw to the attention of the body a statement that
was made by Trevor Potter, President of the Campaign Legal Center, who
was the Republican Commissioner on the FEC, the Federal Election
Commission, from 1991 to 1995, who said, ``This bill requires funding
disclosure for all election advertising--union and corporate,'' and
goes on to say, ``Based on the legislative language's equality of
treatment, claims of union favoritism seem to be unsupported efforts to
discredit the bill and stave off its primary goal: disclosure of those
underwriting the massive independent expenditure campaigns that are
coming to dominate our elections.'' That's the Republican commissioner.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself 5
minutes.
Mr. Chairman, I find it instructive that one of the Members on the
other side of the aisle, when she got down here to talk about the
Constitution, said, I have this version of the Constitution. As far as
I know there's only one version of the Constitution, except if you
happen to be on the majority side dealing with this bill. Why do I say
that? Because the Constitution very clearly in the First Amendment
says, ``Congress shall make no law''--no law--``abridging free
speech.'' What is it about ``no'' that you don't understand--I would
say rhetorically because I can't address the majority on this floor.
But I would say, if I could, what is it about ``no'' that you don't
understand? It says no law.
Now, if some would say, well, wait a second, the courts do allow some
laws in the area of campaign finance and disclosure and so forth; yes,
they do. But what are they predicated on? They say the countervailing
principle or concern about corruption or the appearance of corruption.
That's the only basis upon which you can create these laws. And they,
therefore, say you can not distinguish between two sets of groups where
that same analysis would come forward. In other words, you can't say
we're going to favor unions but disfavor corporations who stand
essentially in the same shoes in the area of potential corruption. They
say if you have a government contract over $10 million--and they
started at $5 million, now they're up to $10 million to include certain
groups, we're not sure exactly who they are, but there have been some
whispers as to who they are--but the whole argument is that there is a
potential corruption between those who have government contracts and
those who might have influence in giving those contracts. So we said,
okay, what about unions that represent the workers for those companies
whose pay comes from the taxpayers by virtue of these contracts? It's
the same argument. And they said, oh, no, we can't do that, that would
be unfair to unions. And we said, what about the fact where you have
union bargaining agreements with government entities, wouldn't that be
the same? Oh, no, no, that's different than corporations. What's the
basis? There is no basis. And what they do, by the terms of the bill,
is render this bill unconstitutional because the courts say you can't
distinguish among different groups unless you use the same basis.
And they use the highest level of scrutiny, strict scrutiny. Why?
Because it involves an essential right protected under the
Constitution. That's what is so disturbing here today, not because we
disagree on the legislation because we do that often, but the fact of
the matter is that we are so cavalierly dealing with the First
Amendment. We are so cavalierly dealing with free speech. We are so
cavalierly dealing with essential political free speech, particularly
when it's involved in elections. That's when it's most important. And
yet we have seen a bidding war here, an auction--not on the floor
because it took place behind closed doors--and yet we're told--just
look at the title, look at the title. You know, if you put the name
Cadillac on a Yugo, it would still be a Yugo. If it can't drive,
putting another name on it is not going to make it better.
And to say this is the DISCLOSE Act when you refuse to disclose the
parts of it to us until 2 hours before the Rules Committee yesterday
undercuts everything you argue that this bill is about. This is not
sunlight. This is putting some in the cellar where there is no light
and others get the light. This is allowing some to be involved in the
debate and others not.
Our Founding Fathers did not think the antidote to bad speech was to
prohibit speech. It was to encourage robust debate and give others the
opportunity. We can agree on disclosure, but not when you bring it in
this form because it isn't disclosure that is fairly imposed on all
parties.
And I am sure of this; this will be declared unconstitutional. But
the dirty little secret in this is you have put in here the appellate
process so it won't be decided until after this election, so that those
who should be able to exercise their First Amendment rights will be
afraid to exercise them for fear they might make a mistake. What a
tragedy. What a travesty.
We should do better on this floor. We owe it to ourselves. And if we
don't think we're worthy, maybe the Constitution is worthy. Maybe our
constituents are worthy. To hide behind the words ``disclosure'' and
``disclose'' when in fact that's not what you're doing is the ultimate
in insult to the Constitution.
{time} 1340
Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself the balance of my time.
Members of the House, I have been on the Judiciary Committee longer
than anyone in the House of Representatives. Save one other court
decision, there has been no decision that they have ever rendered that
I have considered more abhorrent and more onerous than the results that
will flow from this measure of the Citizens United decision. I say that
because what we are doing is a matter of whether corporate control of
the body politic now goes completely and totally without any halt or
reservation whatsoever.
So, please, support this measure.
The CHAIR. The time of the gentleman has expired.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my
time.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, at this time, it
is my distinct honor to yield 1 minute to the distinguished leader of
the Republicans here in the House, the gentleman from Ohio (Mr.
Boehner).
Mr. BOEHNER. I want to thank my colleague for yielding.
``Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech.''
We all know that that is part of our First Amendment to the
Constitution. It is first for a reason, because freedom of speech is
the basis for our democracy, but today, the majority wants to pass a
bill restricting speech, violating that very First Amendment to the
Constitution. Oh, no, they don't want to restrict it for everyone. They
want to use their majority here in the House to silence their political
opponents, pure and simple, for just one election.
Is there any other explanation for this bill? Is there any other
reason why, under this bill, small businesses will get muffled, but big
businesses are going to be fine? Labor unions, they're not going to
have to comply with this. They are exempted from this. They are going
to get their rights protected.
Why is the National Rifle Association protected but not the National
Right to Life organization? Obviously, no one wants to answer.
The National Rifle Association is carved out of this bill, and they
get a special deal. Now, the NRA is a big defender of the Second
Amendment of the Constitution--the right to bear arms. Yet they think
it's all right to throw everybody else under the table, so they can get
a special deal, while requiring everyone else to comply with all of the
rules outlined in this bill. Frankly, I think it is disappointing.
Why does the Humane Society of America get to speak freely but not
the national Farm Bureau? Why does AARP get protected under this bill,
but if you belong to 60 Plus, no, you've got to comply with all of
this?
Since the Supreme Court's decision to uphold the First Amendment,
Democrats here have maintained their bill would apply equally across
the board to corporations, to labor unions, and to advocacy
organizations alike. Instead, they have produced a bill that is full of
loopholes, designed to help their friends while silencing their
political opponents.
[[Page H4803]]
We in this House take an oath to preserve, to protect, and to defend
our Constitution. Anyone who votes for this bill today, I'll tell you,
is violating the oath that they took when they became Members of this
organization.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my
time.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I yield myself the balance of my
time.
Mr. Chairman, I have been privileged to serve in this House for a
number of years. During that period of time, I have had the opportunity
to vote, probably, thousands of times on many, many, many different
issues. Sometimes the result of the votes, of the collective votes of
this House and the Senate and the signature of the President during the
course of time that I have been here, has resulted in legislation which
subsequently was ruled to be, in part or in whole, unconstitutional.
I have had conversations on the floor of the House with Members who
have said at times, I'm not concerned about the Constitution. I mean
don't let me worry about that. The courts decide that.
I've always said to them in response, We have an obligation when we
take an oath of office to uphold the Constitution, and we ought to do
it as we consider legislation.
Though, I am not sure that I have ever seen a frontal assault on the
Constitution as this bill is. Why do I say that? I say that because
this deals with the First Amendment. It deals with political speech. It
deals with political speech at its most effective, which is in the
context of a political campaign, and we ought to deal with that very,
very carefully.
I would say to my friend from Michigan, if we were so concerned about
the Constitution, why did our committee waive jurisdiction here after
only having this bill for a day? Other times, we insist on dealing with
constitutional questions, but yet we gave it up.
You look at this bill, and you see that it violates the contours of
the decision by the Supreme Court. If you want to amend the
Constitution, bring an amendment to the floor. It violates it in so
many ways, and it is a continual violation, as the auction block was
established on the other side of the aisle. We kept hearing day after
day, week after week, They don't have the votes. They don't have the
votes. They're going to make this deal. They're going to make that
deal.
What did they do? They expanded the exemption.
They decided, yes, the National Rifle Association got a special
exemption. I guess AARP did. I guess the Humane Society did. We don't
know who else did because they've just changed the definition in the
last couple of days from a million members to a half a million members,
but we know that most groups now will not be exempt, just a privileged
few. That violates what the decisions of the courts going back decades
tell us. You cannot discriminate among groups. You cannot have
disfavored and favored groups, and that is what we are doing right here
on the floor, not just about something dealt with by the Constitution,
but the essential of the First Amendment.
I am surprised that my liberal friends are not down here on this
floor, condemning provisions of this bill. They say it's not a perfect
bill. No, it's not perfect. It's unconstitutional. It is
unconstitutional by its very terms. In the last 2 weeks and even
yesterday, it became more unconstitutional because they carved out
exemptions even further for unions and for selected groups of large
size.
Mr. Chairman, we should do better than this. We should do better than
this. If we are not concerned about protecting the Constitution, who
is?
You know, as was said basically by our leader, we take an oath to
protect and to defend all parts of the Constitution--the First
Amendment as well as the Second Amendment. The fact of the matter is we
take an oath to uphold the Constitution. To only allow an hour's worth
of debate when we give far more time to naming post offices is a
disgrace in this House--a disgrace. To not allow amendments that deal
with some of the very subjects that my friends on the other side talk
about is a disgrace.
Mr. Chairman, I ask for a ``no'' vote on this bill.
The CHAIR. The time of the gentleman has expired.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself the balance
of my time.
First, let me thank the staff of House Administration--Jamie Fleet,
Matt Pinkus, Tom Hicks, and Jennifer Daehn--for the hard work they've
done on this bill. There was a lot of moving around and a lot of moving
parts to be able to put it back together so we could be here today.
I would also like to thank Karen Robb, who I am sure, right now, is
probably the most relieved person in knowing that this is finally
coming to an end, and I appreciate all her help.
{time} 1350
Despite all the rhetoric that we've heard about this bill, the simple
purpose, Mr. Chairman, is: Who's saying it; who's paying it. All I want
to know when I run or if I run or anybody runs for reelection, if
somebody's running an ad against me, I'd like to know who that person
is, or if somebody is writing an ad in my favor, I'd like to know who
that person is.
We talked about the unions as opposed to corporations. The unions pay
dues and they take out at an hourly rate a checkoff to go to a PAC
committee, a PAC fund. They also have the right not to do that. They
can say, I don't want to send any money to a PAC fund. But if they do,
they now vote. They sit and vote for every single candidate that that
union is supporting, whether or not they want to support that candidate
or not, and every union puts a tagline saying who they're supporting
and they're paying for that.
Corporations. I could be a member and a stockholder of a corporation
like AT&T and have stocks, and they can run against me and I don't even
know it. Also, those corporations don't vote. I'm a stockholder; I
don't vote. I can't vote to say what they do with my money, even though
they spend the money for an opponent against me. Again, Mr. Chairman,
all we're saying is, who's saying it and who's paying for it.
With that, Mr. Chairman, I urge my colleagues to support this
legislation.
Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chair, I rise in support of H.R. 5175, the DISCLOSE
Act, as a cosponsor and strong proponent of this legislation.
The DISCLOSE Act is a bipartisan response to the Supreme Court's
reckless decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission to
give corporations the same rights as American citizens with respect to
political speech. The decision overturned decades of precedent
upholding common-sense campaign finance laws that kept special
interests at bay in our elections. Corporations--think Big Oil and Wall
Street--can now speak louder and more forcefully than the ordinary
American without any restrictions. Moreover, Citizens United opened up
the very real possibility that other countries--many of which do not
have America's best interest in mind--can spend money to influence our
elections. Maybe the opponents of this legislation don't understand
that by voting ``no'' they've allowed China Telecom or Venezuela's
CITGO the same rights as ordinary Americans when it comes to spending
money in our elections.
Since we are not yet politically at a point where we have the votes
to overturn this reckless Supreme Court decision, the DISCLOSE Act is a
step towards ensuring corporations now have these rights, they must
spend money in the light of day. For one thing, corporations cannot
hide behind shadow groups that do not have to disclose their donors to
the public. If corporations choose to advertise close to Election Day,
they must report their donors to the Federal Election Commission and
include a hyperlink to their disclosure report on their websites.
Moreover, chief executive officers will have to stand behind their ads
and top donors will be listed on advertisements. American citizens have
the right to know and deserve to know who it is exactly that is telling
them to vote for or against a candidate.
The DISCLOSE Act prevents foreign cash in our elections, and also
prevents corporations receiving large government contracts, and
corporations that are using money out of the Troubled Asset Relief Fund
from spending taxpayer money out of their general treasuries on
American elections. These practical limitations are necessary to ensure
that American elections are not co-opted by foreign entities and
special interests looking out only for their own interests and bottom
lines.
Mr. Chair, the DISLCOSE Act represents months of hard work and
compromise so that American citizens would still have a strong
[[Page H4804]]
voice in our elections. Most Americans, in fact, did not agree with the
Supreme Court's decision because they understand that corporations and
individuals are not one in the same. I strongly urge my colleagues to
join me in voting ``yes'' on this legislation and ensure that
American's voices are still heard in our elections.
Mr. STARK. Mr. Chair, I rise today to support taking a first step in
repairing our broken election system. The cornerstone of our democracy
is that voters--not corporations and special interests--should decide
elections. Congress must act to reserve the Supreme Court's mistaken
decision in Citizens United and prevent corporations from completely
taking over our elections.
Earlier this year, the Supreme Court overturned important campaign
finance reform laws that limited the ability of corporations to fund
and influence federal elections. By overturning these restrictions, the
Supreme Court has freed corporations to secretly spend millions of
dollars on political campaigns and advertisements without any public
disclosure of those expenditures. The American people have a right to
know who is paying for all the expensive advertising during campaigns.
The DISCLOSE Act (H.R. 5175) would remedy this situation.
This bill requires corporations, unions, and special interest groups
to disclose both the identity of their organization and those of their
top donors when they engage in electioneering. Campaign contributions
from corporations with government contracts and those made by foreign
nationals or foreign-controlled domestic corporations would be
prohibited. Individuals spending more than $10,000 on electioneering
communications are required to file an electronic report with the
Federal Elections Commission (FEC) that will be publicly available.
I oppose the inclusion of a donor disclosure exemption that primarily
benefits the National Rifle Association. The NRA still has the ability
to kill a bill in Congress. The overall impact of the bill is still
positive and an improvement on the status quo.
We must go further on campaign finance reform and rid our politics of
corporate money. I am a cosponsor of the Fair Elections Now Act (H.R.
1826), which would provide public financing for federal campaigns.
Candidates who raise a specified number of small donations would be
eligible for matching funds. This would return fundraising to its
proper place--from community support rather than special interests.
I will keep working for public financing. The DISCLOSE Act is a first
step in the right direction. Special interests representing oil
companies, Wall Street, and health insurance companies should not be
able to buy elections. I will vote for the DISCLOSE Act and urge all of
my colleagues to support stronger campaign finance laws.
Mrs. CAPPS. Mr. Chair, I rise today in strong support of H.R. 5175,
the DISCLOSE Act.
Fair, free elections are the foundation of our democracy. As Members
of Congress, it is our duty to uphold the Constitution and ensure the
voices of our constituents are heard. But in its Citizens United
ruling, the Supreme Court overturned nearly a century of precedent and
threatened the legitimacy of our elections by opening the flood gates
to unlimited corporate spending on elections.
This ruling is sadly just a continuation of the failed policies that
thrived under Republican leadership, when special interests dominated
Washington. Fueled by big donations from special interests, for years
Republicans allowed Big Oil to run amok, stood by and watched as Wall
Street's greed nearly destroyed our financial system, and sat on their
hands as health insurers raked in record profits at the expense of
struggling American families.
Thankfully, things have changed under Democratic leadership. Under
Democratic leadership, corporate influence in Washington is
diminishing. Health Reform. Wall Street Reform. Energy Reform. Special
interests have fought these efforts tooth and nail from the start, and
they have failed.
The DISCLOSE Act is Democrats' latest effort to fight back against
corporate special interests. This legislation begins to roll back the
gaping loopholes in Citizens United that threaten the integrity of our
elections and will drown out the voices of everyday American voters.
It prevents corporations controlled by foreign--or even hostile--
governments from dumping in secret money to influence U.S. elections
and drown out the voice of American voters.
It prohibits government contractors and TARP recipients from making
political expenditures with taxpayer dollars.
And it throws a little sunshine on who is behind the ads in our
elections. It does that by requiring disclosure by corporations, unions
and advocacy groups that spend money on elections. It requires
corporate CEOs to show their face and stand by their ads just like
candidates must do.
The DISCLOSE Act helps ensure transparency and accountability in our
federal elections. Voters deserve to know when Wall Street, Big Oil or
credit card companies are the ones behind political advertisements.
Shareholders deserve to know what their companies are spending their
investment dollars on. And Americans deserve to know when special
interests like health insurers and energy companies set up sham
organizations meant to trick and deceive them into voting against their
own interests.
Mr. Chair, transparency works. We need look no further than my home
state of California, where just weeks ago voters soundly defeated a
ballot measure after learning that the sham group ``Californians to
Protect the Right to Vote'' that supported it was actually funded by
energy giant Pacific Gas & Electric.
Mr. Chair, it is time to act. It is time to stop special interests
and their billions of dollars from drowning out the voices of American
voters. It is time to put the interests of American voters above those
of corporations.
I urge my colleagues to join me in voting yes on the DISCLOSE Act.
Ms. KILPATRICK of Michigan. Mr. Chair, as a member of the House
Progressive Caucus, I am proud to say that it has been progressives who
have fought the undue influence of corporations in campaigns, beginning
since at least the late 1800s. In 1907, the Tillman Act was signed into
law, which prohibits any contribution by any corporation and national
bank to federal political campaigns. This ban remains in effect to this
very day.
Michigan has a particular role in corporations and campaign finance
issues. In the Supreme Court case of Austin v. Michigan Chamber of
Commerce in 1990, in which the Michigan Chamber of Commerce wanted to
use its general funds to run a newspaper ad supporting a specific
candidate against Michigan State law, the Court upheld Michigan law.
Furthermore, the Court found that the government must prevent ``the
corrosive and distorting effects'' of corporate money in politics.
I agree, and I do believe that the ruling in Citizens United will
allow wealthy corporations to spend unlimited amounts of money on
campaigns. President Barack Obama criticized this decision during his
annual State of the Union address, saying, `` . . . last week the
Supreme Court reversed a century of law that I believe will open the
floodgates for special interests--including foreign corporations--to
spend without limit in our elections. I don't think American elections
should be bankrolled by America's most powerful interests, or worse, by
foreign entities. They should be decided by the American people. And
I'd urge Democrats and Republicans to pass a bill that helps to correct
some of these problems.''
Unfortunately, this is not that bill. Congress must take action to
counteract the negative effect of the Citizens United decision. I
believe in the basic principle that Americans have the right to know
the identities of groups spending money to influence elections. I
believe in transparency. I believe in fairness. This bill, designed to
protect against undue, unfair, and unwanted influence by corporations,
contains a carve-out or exemption for the National Rifle Association.
This exemption is not good policy, is not right, and is not fair. It is
simply baffling to me that the party that has led the fight against
assault weapons, in support of stronger handgun registration
requirements, and helped to see the Brady law come to reality would
support such an exemption for the one organization against stronger gun
laws.
In Detroit, Michigan, we have regrettably seen too many young people
die due to gun violence. This is almost a direct result of simply
this--there are too many guns on our streets. Combine the plethora of
guns on the street with record high unemployment, home foreclosures,
and industries leaving Michigan, and it is no secret why deaths due to
gun violence in our nation are soaring.
Like most Americans, I want to keep the light on who, what and how
campaigns are financed. Amendments to level the playing field for all
organizations were offered, but rejected. Congress should defeat this
bill in its current form, and take a stand against the National Rifle
Association.
Mr. SHULER. Mr. Chair, there are valid concerns that the DISCLOSE
Act, H.R. 5175, could unconstitutionally hinder the free speech of
certain long-standing, member-driven organizations that have
historically acted in good faith. In an effort to fix this, I filed an
amendment with the House Rules Committee to exempt any 501(c)(4)
organization that meets certain criteria from the Disclose Act's
reporting and disclosure requirements.
A modified version of my amendment was included as part of
Representative Brady's ``manager's amendment'' made in order by the
Rules Committee. The manager's amendment creates a special class of
exempt 501(c)(4) organizations to which the reporting and disclosure
provisions of H.R. 5175 do not apply.
These ``exempt 501(c)(4) organizations'' would need to:
[[Page H4805]]
Be a 501(c)(4) organization for each of the past 10 years;
Have at least 500,000 dues-paying members;
Have at least one dues-paying member in each of the 50 states;
Receives no more than 15 percent of its annual revenue from
corporations, excluding revenue from commercial transactions occurring
in the ordinary course of business;
Not use any funds received from corporations for electioneering
communications.
The organization's CEO would need to certify to the Federal Election
Commission (FEC) that it meets these qualifications. To protect
individuals rights of freedom of speech the FEC would not be allowed to
require any donor lists, or financial or membership information of any
kind from organizations seeking exemption. Such compelled disclosure to
the FEC would raise serious First Amendment questions.
There is no question that we need to prevent enormous amounts of
corporate and foreign money from flooding campaigns without
transparency, and to prevent illegitimate shadow organizations from
cropping up and overpowering the voice of Americans. However, many
organizations exist solely to give individuals with common interests a
voice in the political process. This narrowly tailored exemption for
this special class of exempt 501(c)(4) organizations is necessary to
achieve the compelling government interest that non-profit membership
organizations funded largely by individuals be allowed to speak freely
in the political arena. Long-standing, member-driven, non-profit
organizations are at the heart of the First Amendment's protections of
political speech and association and are distinct from for-profit
corporations, just as media corporations are distinct from other for-
profit corporations.
Including this exemption for exempt 501(c)(4) organizations is
critical to passage and enactment of H.R. 5175. Were a court to try and
sever the exemption from the bill and leave the remainder of its
provisions intact, it would violate the clear intent of Congress. We
need to ensure that these long-standing, non-profit membership
organizations funded largely by individuals can continue to speak
freely on behalf of their members.
Mr. LEVIN. Mr. Chair, I rise today in support of the Democracy is
Strengthened by Casting Light on Spending in Elections Act, known as
the DISCLOSE Act. This legislation, quite simply, is about giving
voters information on who is trying to influence an election and how
much money they are spending to do so. The American people deserve the
benefit of this information as they decide how to vote.
Unfortunately, the trend in recent years has been toward less
transparency in election spending. Organizations hiding behind generic
or even misleading names have spent millions of dollars in political
advertising, often not to promote their own ideas but to attack a
candidate or cause. Posing as grassroots citizens groups, too often
advertisements turn out to be astroturf campaigns funded by
corporations, industry trade associations, and political interests.
Their purposes may be to confuse or even deceive voters and, without
the ability to know an advertisement's sponsors, the voters are missing
vital information that would help them arrive at their own conclusions.
This trend in political advertisements was already on an
unsustainable path when the Supreme Court overturned the prohibition on
direct corporate and union spending on elections. This decision opened
the floodgates to a wave of new money, all of which could be spent from
behind a curtain of secrecy.
The DISCLOSE Act pulls back the curtain. It requires the CEO or
President of the sponsoring corporation, union, or advocacy
organization to stand by their ad, just as candidates must. The bill
requires these organizations to inform their members or shareholders of
their election-related spending so that the decision makers can be held
accountable. It requires spending amounts to be posted online and, for
those shadow groups that seem to form overnight, advertisements will be
required to list their top five funders, and the organization will need
to make a list of their large donors available to the public.
The DISCLOSE Act also steps in to bar spending from those who should
not be able to interfere in elections: corporations controlled by
foreigners as well as government contractors and TARP recipients who
should not be able to spend taxpayer money on election activities.
There is no doubt that the DISCLOSE Act represents a significant
improvement over current law and a step worth taking. It is time to
pull back the curtain and I hope my colleagues will join me in
supporting this important legislation.
Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. Chair,
Internet Rules Remain Unchanged
H.R. 5175 extends the existing rules on coordination to apply to any
``covered communication,'' and defines the term ``covered
communication.'' In so doing, the bill repeats the language of the
existing media exemption and incorporates that exemption into the
definition of ``covered communication.'' The existing language of the
media exemption has been interpreted by FEC regulation to include an
exemption for media activities on the Internet. 11 CFR 100.132. By
incorporating the existing language of the media exemption into the
coordination provisions in the DISCLOSE Act, the sponsors intend to
ensure that the media exemption in the DISCLOSE Act will be interpreted
by the FEC in the same way that the FEC has interpreted the media
exemption in existing law, to include media activities on the Internet
within the media exemption.
Independent Expenditures Influence Elected Officials
Independent expenditures and electioneering communications can
influence elected officials and produce gratitude, indebtedness, and
access. Although such influence is not per se problematic, it may be
improper in certain contexts. In particular, such influence is improper
if it has the potential to affect the outcome of federal contracting
decisions or if it is exercised by a foreign-controlled entity.
According to a recent report by Professor Wilcox of Georgetown
University, ``Donors who seek to gain access and influence care
primarily that their contribution is noticed and appreciated, not that
it is handled directly by the candidate's campaign treasurer.'' The
report notes that contributions to groups that make independent
expenditures ``can be conceived as indirect contributions--instead of
giving the money directly to the candidate's campaign committee, they
are given to an independent committee that also helps the candidate
win.'' Indeed some experts believe that large independent expenditures
on behalf of candidates can produce greater influence than direct
campaign contributions that are subject to legal limits: ``With almost
all of the 527s associating themselves with the two major parties and
their candidates, and with the great majority of contributions coming
from donors giving in the millions, rather than thousands or even tens
of thousands of dollars, big 527 donors today are positioned to garner
more attention and consideration from parties and candidates than those
who give the maximum direct contribution of $2,000-$25,000.''
In California, recent legislation limiting direct contributions has
produced an ``explosion'' of independent expenditures. According to
Ross Johnson, Chairman of the California Fair Political Practices
Commission and a former Republican Party leader in both houses of the
California legislature, ``independent expenditures have provided
sophisticated wealthy individuals and special interests the means to
circumvent [contribution] limits and create the appearance of
corruption, or gain undue influence on, candidates and officeholders.''
Recent examples illustrate that independent expenditures are used to
try to influence elected officials.
In 1998 a group with an interest in gaming issues attempted to bribe
former Republican Kansas Congressman Snowbarger by signaling that they
would conduct an independent spending campaign on his behalf. According
to Snowbarger's campaign manager, the offer ``was an attempt to get him
to change his position by offering to do independent spending that
would help him win re-election.'' Congressman Snowbarger rejected the
offer. His campaign manager later explained the rationale behind the
proposal: ``[T]he people behind th[e] effort offered to do an
independent expenditure rather than make contributions because
contributions are limited. If only a small number of people are
involved, they are unable to promise to give that much. Even a corrupt
Congressman would not risk accepting a bribe of only $5,000.00 or
$6,000.00. Independent expenditures, on the other hand, can involve
sums of money of an entirely different magnitude.''
Former Wisconsin State Senate Majority Leader Chvala was convicted on
corruption charges in 2005 for illegally soliciting funds in exchange
for political favors. According to Wisconsin lobbyist Michael Bright,
who lobbied Chvala on numerous occasions, ``[t]here was essentially a
`menu' of different ways that clients could contribute: they could give
directly to candidates in contested races, to the parties, or to groups
that made independent expenditures or independent candidate-focused
`issue' ads . . . These were all acceptable ways to meet Chvala's
contribution expectations, to get `credit' in Chvala's world.''
(emphasis added). Chvala would indicate to interested parties that
``whichever bucket [they] put the money into, it would be used
effectively to support Democratic senate candidates and would be
appreciated by those candidates.'' According to Bright, ``there was not
any ambiguity about it: he was suggesting that the candidates benefited
would properly credit the client for the contributions no matter which
entity they were made to, and the candidate would be just as
appreciative as if the money had all been given directly to the
candidate's campaign.''
Recent polling reveals that independent expenditures also create an
appearance of influence. A 2008 Zogby poll found that 82 percent
[[Page H4806]]
of respondents believe ``that if an individual contributed $100,000 or
more to a group to spend on an advertising campaign supporting a
congressional candidate it is likely that the candidate will do a
political favor for the contributor once elected to office.''
The Unique Contexts of Government Contracting and Foreign Influence
Although Citizens United prohibits restrictions on independent
expenditures that apply to corporations and unions generally,
independent expenditures and electioneering communications by
government contractors and foreign-controlled entities pose unique
concerns. Congress has a substantial interest in protecting a merit-
based government contracting process and in protecting U.S. interests
from foreign influence, and Congress therefore has the power to
regulate independent expenditures and electioneering communications in
these particular domains.
Independent expenditures and electioneering communications by
government contractors warrant distinct concern. Government contracting
decisions should be based on an objective evaluation of how well
potential contractors meet the relevant legal criteria. Elaborate
federal regulations reflect this commitment to a fairly
and impartially-administered contracting system. However, contractors
may seek to improperly influence elected officials in order to maximize
their chances of receiving contracts. Contractors may also feel
pressure, whether explicitly exerted by government officials or not, to
make expenditures in order to obtain contracts. A company seeking to
renew an existing contract may be especially vulnerable to such
pressure because it is likely to have significant reliance interests in
maintaining its business relationship with the government.
The need to protect the integrity of government contracting is
evidenced by recent pay-to-play scandals. Former Illinois Gov. George
Ryan went to federal prison in 2007 for issuing state contracts in
exchange for financial contributions and gifts over a period of 10
years. In Connecticut, a pay-to-play probe brought down former Governor
Rowland, who admitted taking gifts from state contractors. In 1998, New
Jersey awarded a seven-year, $392 million contract to Parsons
Infrastructure & Technology Group Inc. to privatize automobile
inspections. A subsequent state investigation found that Parsons had
tainted the competitive bidding process by contributing more than a
half million dollars to state officials and that the ``mammoth
boondoggle'' cost taxpayers an additional $200 million after the
contract was awarded. Randy ``Duke'' Cunningham resigned from Congress
in 2005 after pleading guilty to using his official position to extract
bribes from multiple defense contractors. In March, 2010, the New York
state pension fund's former chief investment officer pleaded guilty to
directing public dollars to firms that made political contributions to
former Democratic state comptroller Alan G. Hevesi. Financial companies
have so far paid $120 million in settlements to resolve their roles in
the ongoing pay to play scandal. Even when a direct quid-pro-quo cannot
be definitively proven, the relationship between political expenditures
and contract awards can still give rise to the appearance of improper
influence. For instance, a University of Michigan study found that
donors to former Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson's campaign were
awarded an average of $20 million in contracts, while non-contributors
were only awarded an average of $870,000.
Independent expenditures and electioneering communications by
foreign-controlled domestic corporations also warrant distinct concern.
In 2005, the general treasuries of these companies totaled
approximately $3.5 trillion. After Citizens United, these companies are
now free to spend unlimited sums from their general treasuries to
influence federal elections, and undermine U.S. interests. The DISCLOSE
Act would prevent this foreign intervention in U.S. elections.
Mr. PENCE. Mr. Chair, I rise in opposition to H.R. 5175, the
Democracy is Served by Casting Light on Spending in Elections--
DISCLOSE--Act.
However, I must say, rarely has a bill fallen so short of doing what
its title says. In fact, this bill does the opposite of its name by
limiting free speech in the political process.
The First Amendment says ``Congress shall make no law . . . abridging
the freedom of speech.'' That right is cherished by all Americans and
is to be protected by this Congress. Unfortunately, this bill is a
naked attempt to cloud the free speech rights of millions of Americans;
rights that were clearly affirmed in January by the Supreme Court.
It's for that reason that I am profoundly disappointed that the
Democratic majority is trying to overturn the High Court's Citizens
United decision. The justices were clear about the freedom of Americans
to collectively participate in the political process through
organizations. And the fact that the Court overturned a 20-year
precedent speaks volumes about the importance of this issue.
But, instead of standing on the side of free speech and the American
people, this bill will cloud the court's decision and cause uncertainty
about federal election law. And that would happen during the months
leading up to the November midterm elections.
Democrats suggest that the bill deals with corporations and unions
even-handedly. That is false. In the interest of full disclosure, the
American people should know that this legislation is sponsored by the
two Democrats who are chiefly responsible for the election of Democrats
to the House and Senate this fall.
Perhaps that explains why this bill's provisions include enormous
exclusions for union expenditures but place extraordinary limits on
corporations to hinder their ability to participate in the political
process, despite the clear directive of the Citizens United case.
Corporations will have to make burdensome new identifying
disclaimers.
Companies that are government contractors or that received TARP
bailout money will be banned from political speech. And this bill will
suppress speech by those who choose to speak out through associations,
a fundamental right guaranteed by the Constitution.
This legislation is nothing more than an attempt to bring confusion
to the political process and to discourage millions of Americans and
thousands of organizations from becoming involved in the political
debate.
Campaign finance is an issue that I've been committed to since I
first came to Congress. I've worked with Republicans and Democrats
alike in an effort to bring more freedom to everyone involved in the
political process.
This bill sets back the freedoms affirmed just months ago by the
Supreme Court.
Mr. Chair, I believe that instead of greater government control of
political speech, more freedom is the answer. And while such liberty
may be a bit more chaotic and inconvenient for some in the political
class, as Thomas Jefferson said, ``I would rather be exposed to the
inconveniences attending too much liberty than those attending too
small a degree of it.''
The answer to problems in politics in a free society is more freedom,
not less.
I urge this body not to diminish the First Amendment for the sake of
politics. Let's reject this bill and allow the American people to
exercise their right of free speech and participate fully in the
political process, as our Constitution intended.
Mr. TIAHRT. Mr. Chair, the passage today of the so-called DISCLOSE
Act, is a travesty. This bill is a hasty, ill-conceived, un-
Constitutional response to the near unanimous decision of the U.S.
Supreme Court in Citizens United vs The Federal Election Committee. The
DISLOSE Act takes us down a familiar road of the Democratic majority
attempting to remove the First Amendment rights of the minority,
including the rights of those who are fighting to defend the sanctity
of life. For over a year, the Democrat majority in Congress and the
White House have held the voice of the American people in contempt,
whether at town halls or on the National Mall. Instead of listening,
they would rather find ways to silence us. This bill is a direct attack
on our rights and will not stand up to the scrutiny of the courts. This
hallowed body should not have even considered it. I urge the Senate to
send this bill back to where it deserves to go, the trash bin.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. I yield back the balance of my time.
The CHAIR. All time for general debate has expired.
Pursuant to the rule, the bill shall be considered for amendment
under the 5-minute rule.
The committee amendment in the nature of a substitute modified by the
amendment printed in part A of House Report 111-511 is adopted. The
bill, as amended, shall be considered as an original bill for the
purpose of further amendment under the 5-minute rule and shall be
considered read.
The text of the bill, as amended, is as follows:
H.R. 5175
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Democracy
is Strengthened by Casting Light on Spending in Elections
Act'' or the ``DISCLOSE Act''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act
is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
TITLE I--REGULATION OF CERTAIN POLITICAL SPENDING
Sec. 101. Prohibiting independent expenditures and electioneering
communications by government contractors.
Sec. 102. Application of ban on contributions and expenditures by
foreign nationals to foreign-controlled domestic
corporations.
Sec. 103. Treatment of payments for coordinated communications as
contributions.
[[Page H4807]]
Sec. 104. Treatment of political party communications made on behalf of
candidates.
Sec. 105. Restriction on internet communications treated as public
communications.
TITLE II--PROMOTING EFFECTIVE DISCLOSURE OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED ACTIVITY
Subtitle A--Treatment of Independent Expenditures and Electioneering
Communications Made by All Persons
Sec. 201. Independent expenditures.
Sec. 202. Electioneering communications.
Sec. 203. Mandatory electronic filing by persons making independent
expenditures or electioneering communications exceeding
$10,000 at any time.
Subtitle B--Expanded Requirements for Corporations and Other
Organizations
Sec. 211. Additional information required to be included in reports on
disbursements by covered organizations.
Sec. 212. Rules regarding use of general treasury funds by covered
organizations for campaign-related activity.
Sec. 213. Optional use of separate account by covered organizations for
campaign-related activity.
Sec. 214. Modification of rules relating to disclaimer statements
required for certain communications.
Subtitle C--Reporting Requirements for Registered Lobbyists
Sec. 221. Requiring registered lobbyists to report information on
independent expenditures and electioneering
communications.
TITLE III--DISCLOSURE BY COVERED ORGANIZATIONS OF INFORMATION ON
CAMPAIGN-RELATED ACTIVITY
Sec. 301. Requiring disclosure by covered organizations of information
on campaign-related activity.
TITLE IV--OTHER PROVISIONS
Sec. 401. Judicial review.
Sec. 402. Severability.
Sec. 403. Effective date.
TITLE I--REGULATION OF CERTAIN POLITICAL SPENDING
SEC. 101. PROHIBITING INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES AND
ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATIONS BY GOVERNMENT
CONTRACTORS.
(a) Prohibition Applicable to Government Contractors.--
(1) Prohibition.--
(A) In general.--Section 317(a)(1) of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441c(a)(1)) is amended by
striking ``purpose or use; or'' and inserting the following:
``purpose or use, to make any independent expenditure, or to
disburse any funds for an electioneering communication; or''.
(B) Conforming amendment.--The heading of section 317 of
such Act (2 U.S.C. 441c) is amended by striking
``contributions'' and inserting ``contributions, independent
expenditures, and electioneering communications''.
(2) Threshold for application of ban.--Section 317 of such
Act (2 U.S.C. 441c) is amended--
(A) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections
(c) and (d); and
(B) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new
subsection:
``(b) To the extent that subsection (a)(1) prohibits a
person who enters into a contract described in such
subsection from making any independent expenditure or
disbursing funds for an electioneering communication, such
subsection shall apply only if the value of the contract is
equal to or greater than $10,000,000.''.
(b) Application to Recipients of Assistance Under Troubled
Asset Program.--Section 317(a) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 441c(a))
is amended--
(1) by striking ``or'' at the end of paragraph (1);
(2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following new
paragraph:
``(2) who enters into negotiations for financial assistance
under title I of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of
2008 (12 U.S.C. 5211 et seq.) (relating to the purchase of
troubled assets by the Secretary of the Treasury), during the
period--
``(A) beginning on the later of the commencement of the
negotiations or the date of the enactment of the Democracy is
Strengthened by Casting Light on Spending in Elections Act;
and
``(B) ending with the later of the termination of such
negotiations or the repayment of such financial assistance;
directly or indirectly to make any contribution of money or
other things of value, or to promise expressly or impliedly
to make any such contribution to any political party,
committee, or candidate for public office or to any person
for any political purpose or use, to make any independent
expenditure, or to disburse any funds for an electioneering
communication; or''.
(c) Technical Amendment.--Section 317 of such Act (2 U.S.C.
441c) is amended by striking ``section 321'' each place it
appears and inserting ``section 316''.
SEC. 102. APPLICATION OF BAN ON CONTRIBUTIONS AND
EXPENDITURES BY FOREIGN NATIONALS TO FOREIGN-
CONTROLLED DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS.
(a) Application of Ban.--Section 319(b) of the Federal
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e(b)) is amended--
(1) by striking ``or'' at the end of paragraph (1);
(2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2) and
inserting ``; or''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(3) any corporation which is not a foreign national
described in paragraph (1) and--
``(A) in which a foreign national described in paragraph
(1) or (2) directly or indirectly owns 20 percent or more of
the voting shares;
``(B) with respect to which the majority of the members of
the board of directors are foreign nationals described in
paragraph (1) or (2);
``(C) over which one or more foreign nationals described in
paragraph (1) or (2) has the power to direct, dictate, or
control the decision-making process of the corporation with
respect to its interests in the United States; or
``(D) over which one or more foreign nationals described in
paragraph (1) or (2) has the power to direct, dictate, or
control the decision-making process of the corporation with
respect to activities in connection with a Federal, State, or
local election, including--
``(i) the making of a contribution, donation, expenditure,
independent expenditure, or disbursement for an
electioneering communication (within the meaning of section
304(f)(3)); or
``(ii) the administration of a political committee
established or maintained by the corporation.''.
(b) Certification of Compliance.--Section 319 of such Act
(2 U.S.C. 441e) is amended by adding at the end the following
new subsection:
``(c) Certification of Compliance Required Prior to
Carrying Out Activity.--Prior to the making in connection
with an election for Federal office of any contribution,
donation, expenditure, independent expenditure, or
disbursement for an electioneering communication by a
corporation during a year, the chief executive officer of the
corporation (or, if the corporation does not have a chief
executive officer, the highest ranking official of the
corporation), shall file a certification with the Commission,
under penalty of perjury, that the corporation is not
prohibited from carrying out such activity under subsection
(b)(3), unless the chief executive officer has previously
filed such a certification during the year. Nothing in this
subsection shall be construed to apply to any contribution,
donation, expenditure, independent expenditure, or
disbursement from a separate segregated fund established and
administered by a corporation under section 316(b)(2)(C).''.
(c) No Effect on Certain Activities of Domestic
Corporations.--Section 319 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 441e), as
amended by subsection (b), is further amended by adding at
the end the following new subsection:
``(d) No Effect on Certain Activities of Domestic
Corporations.--
``(1) Separate segregated funds.--Nothing in this section
shall be construed to prohibit any corporation which is not a
foreign national described in paragraph (1) of subsection (b)
from establishing, administering, and soliciting
contributions to a separate segregated fund under section
316(b)(2)(C), so long as none of the amounts in the fund are
provided by any foreign national described in paragraph (1)
or (2) of subsection (b) and no foreign national described in
paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) has the power to
direct, dictate, or control the establishment or
administration of the fund.''.
``(2) State and local elections.--Nothing in this section
shall be construed to prohibit any corporation which is not a
foreign national described in paragraph (1) of subsection (b)
from making a contribution or donation in connection with a
State or local election to the extent permitted under State
or local law, so long as no foreign national described in
paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) has the power to
direct, dictate, or control such contribution or donation.
``(3) Other permissible corporate contributions and
expenditures.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to
prohibit any corporation which is not a foreign national
described in paragraph (1) of subsection (b) from carrying
out any activity described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of
section 316(b)(2), so long as none of the amounts used to
carry out the activity are provided by any foreign national
described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) and no
foreign national described in paragraph (1) or (2) of
subsection (b) has the power to direct, dictate, or control
such activity.''
(d) No Effect on Other Laws.--Section 319 of such Act (2
U.S.C. 441e), as amended by subsections (b) and (c), is
further amended by adding at the end the following new
subsection:
``(e) No Effect on Other Laws.--Nothing in this section
shall be construed to affect the determination of whether a
corporation is treated as a foreign national for purposes
of any law other than this Act.''.
SEC. 103. TREATMENT OF PAYMENTS FOR COORDINATED
COMMUNICATIONS AS CONTRIBUTIONS.
(a) In General.--Section 301(8)(A) of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(A)) is amended--
(1) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (i);
(2) by striking the period at the end of clause (ii) and
inserting ``; or''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
``(iii) any payment made by any person (other than a
candidate, an authorized committee of a candidate, or a
political committee of a political party) for a coordinated
communication (as determined under section 324).''.
(b) Coordinated Communications Described.--Section 324 of
such Act (2 U.S.C. 441k) is amended to read as follows:
``SEC. 324. COORDINATED COMMUNICATIONS.
``(a) Coordinated Communications Defined.--
``(1) In general.--For purposes of this Act, the term
`coordinated communication' means--
``(A) a covered communication which, subject to subsection
(c), is made in cooperation, consultation, or concert with,
or at the request or
[[Page H4808]]
suggestion of, a candidate, an authorized committee of a
candidate, or a political committee of a political party; or
``(B) any communication that republishes, disseminates, or
distributes, in whole or in part, any broadcast or any
written, graphic, or other form of campaign material prepared
by a candidate, an authorized committee of a candidate, or
their agents.
``(2) Exception.--The term `coordinated communication' does
not include--
``(A) a communication appearing in a news story,
commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities
of any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, or other
periodical publication, unless such facilities are owned or
controlled by any political party, political committee, or
candidate; or
``(B) a communication which constitutes a candidate debate
or forum conducted pursuant to the regulations adopted by the
Commission to carry out section 304(f)(3)(B)(iii), or which
solely promotes such a debate or forum and is made by or on
behalf of the person sponsoring the debate or forum.''.
``(b) Covered Communication Defined.--
``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (4), for
purposes of this subsection, the term `covered communication'
means, for purposes of the applicable election period
described in paragraph (2) and with respect to the
coordinated communication involved, a public communication
(as defined in section 301(22)) that refers to the candidate
described in subsection (a)(1)(A) or an opponent of such
candidate and is publicly distributed or publicly
disseminated during such period.
``(2) Applicable election period.--For purposes of
paragraph (1), the `applicable election period' with respect
to a communication means--
``(A) in the case of a communication which refers to a
candidate for the office of President or Vice President, the
period--
``(i) beginning with the date that is 120 days before the
date of the first primary election, preference election, or
nominating convention for nomination for the office of
President which is held in any State; and
``(ii) ending with the date of the general election for
such office; or
``(B) in the case of a communication which refers to a
candidate for any other Federal office, the period--
``(i) beginning with the date that is 90 days before the
earliest of the primary election, preference election, or
nominating convention with respect to the nomination for the
office that the candidate is seeking; and
``(ii) ending with the date of the general election for
such office.
``(3) Special rule for public distribution of
communications involving congressional candidates.--For
purposes of paragraph (1), in the case of a communication
involving a candidate for an office other than President or
Vice President, the communication shall be considered to be
publicly distributed or publicly disseminated only if the
dissemination or distribution occurs in the jurisdiction of
the office that the candidate is seeking.
``(c) No Finding of Coordination Based Solely on Sharing of
Information Regarding Legislative or Policy Position.--For
purposes of subsection (a)(1), a covered communication shall
not be considered to be made in cooperation, consultation, or
concert with, or at the request or suggestion of, a
candidate, an authorized committee of a candidate, or a
political committee of a political party solely on the
grounds that a person or an agent thereof engaged in
discussions with the candidate or committee regarding that
person's position on a legislative or policy matter
(including urging the candidate or party to adopt that
person's position), so long as there is no discussion
between the person and the candidate or committee
regarding the candidate's campaign plans, projects,
activities, or needs.
``(d) Preservation of Certain Safe Harbors and Firewalls.--
Nothing in this section may be construed to affect 11 CFR
109.21(g) or (h), as in effect on the date of the enactment
of the Democracy is Strengthened by Casting Light on Spending
in Elections Act.
``(e) Treatment of Coordination With Political Parties for
Communications Referring to Candidates.--For purposes of this
section, if a communication which refers to any clearly
identified candidate or candidates of a political party or
any opponent of such a candidate or candidates is determined
to have been made in cooperation, consultation, or concert
with or at the request or suggestion of a political committee
of the political party but not in cooperation, consultation,
or concert with or at the request or suggestion of such
clearly identified candidate or candidates, the communication
shall be treated as having been made in cooperation,
consultation, or concert with or at the request or suggestion
of the political committee of the political party but not
with or at the request or suggestion of such clearly
identified candidate or candidates.''.
(c) Effective Date.--
(1) In general.--This section and the amendments made by
this section shall apply with respect to payments made on or
after the expiration of the 30-day period which begins on the
date of the enactment of this Act, without regard to whether
or not the Federal Election Commission has promulgated
regulations to carry out such amendments.
(2) Transition rule for actions taken prior to enactment.--
No person shall be considered to have made a payment for a
coordinated communication under section 324 of the Federal
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as amended by subsection (b))
by reason of any action taken by the person prior to the date
of the enactment of this Act. Nothing in the previous
sentence shall be construed to affect any determination under
any other provision of such Act which is in effect on the
date of the enactment of this Act regarding whether a
communication is made in cooperation, consultation, or
concert with, or at the request or suggestion of, a
candidate, an authorized committee of a candidate, or a
political committee of a political party.
SEC. 104. TREATMENT OF POLITICAL PARTY COMMUNICATIONS MADE ON
BEHALF OF CANDIDATES.
(a) Treatment of Payment for Public Communication as
Contribution if Made Under Control or Direction of
Candidate.--Section 301(8)(A) of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(A)), as amended by
section 103(a), is amended--
(1) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (ii);
(2) by striking the period at the end of clause (iii) and
inserting ``; or''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
``(iv) any payment by a political committee of a political
party for the direct costs of a public communication (as
defined in paragraph (22)) made on behalf of a candidate for
Federal office who is affiliated with such party, but only if
the communication is controlled by, or made at the direction
of, the candidate or an authorized committee of the
candidate.''.
(b) Requiring Control or Direction by Candidate for
Treatment as Coordinated Party Expenditure.--
(1) In general.--Paragraph (4) of section 315(d) of such
Act (2 U.S.C. 441a(d)) is amended to read as follows:
``(4) Special Rule for Direct Costs of Communications.--The
direct costs incurred by a political committee of a political
party for a communication made in connection with the
campaign of a candidate for Federal office shall not be
subject to the limitations contained in paragraphs (2) and
(3) unless the communication is controlled by, or made at the
direction of, the candidate or an authorized committee of the
candidate.''.
(2) Conforming amendment.--Paragraph (1) of section 315(d)
of such Act (2 U.S.C. 441a(d)) is amended by striking
``paragraphs (2), (3), and (4)'' and inserting ``paragraphs
(2) and (3)''.
(c) Effective Date.--This section and the amendments made
by this section shall apply with respect to payments made on
or after the expiration of the 30-day period which begins on
the date of the enactment of this Act, without regard to
whether or not the Federal Election Commission has
promulgated regulations to carry out such amendments.
SEC. 105. RESTRICTION ON INTERNET COMMUNICATIONS TREATED AS
PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS.
(a) In General.--Section 301(22) of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(22)) is amended by adding
at the end the following new sentence: ``A communication
which is disseminated through the Internet shall not be
treated as a form of general public political advertising
under this paragraph unless the communication was placed
for a fee on another person's Web site.''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a)
shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
TITLE II--PROMOTING EFFECTIVE DISCLOSURE OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED ACTIVITY
Subtitle A--Treatment of Independent Expenditures and Electioneering
Communications Made by All Persons
SEC. 201. INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES.
(a) Revision of Definition.--Subparagraph (A) of section
301(17) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2
U.S.C. 431(17)) is amended to read as follows:
``(A) that, when taken as a whole, expressly advocates the
election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate, or is
the functional equivalent of express advocacy because it can
be interpreted by a reasonable person only as advocating the
election or defeat of a candidate, taking into account
whether the communication involved mentions a candidacy, a
political party, or a challenger to a candidate, or takes a
position on a candidate's character, qualifications, or
fitness for office; and''.
(b) Uniform 24-Hour Reporting For Persons Making
Independent Expenditures Exceeding $10,000 at Any Time.--
Section 304(g) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 434(g)) is amended by
striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following:
``(1) Independent expenditures exceeding threshold
amount.--
``(A) Initial report.--A person (including a political
committee) that makes or contracts to make independent
expenditures in an aggregate amount equal to or greater than
the threshold amount described in paragraph (2) shall
electronically file a report describing the expenditures
within 24 hours.
``(B) Additional reports.--After a person files a report
under subparagraph (A), the person shall electronically file
an additional report within 24 hours after each time the
person makes or contracts to make independent expenditures in
an aggregate amount equal to or greater than the threshold
amount with respect to the same election as that to which the
initial report relates.
``(C) Threshold amount described.--In this paragraph, the
`threshold amount' means--
``(i) during the period up to and including the 20th day
before the date of an election, $10,000; or
``(ii) during the period after the 20th day, but more than
24 hours, before the date of an election, $1,000.
``(2) Public availability.--Notwithstanding any other
provision of this section, the Commission shall ensure that
the information required to be disclosed under this
subsection is publicly available through the Commission
website not later than 24 hours after receipt in a manner
[[Page H4809]]
that is downloadable in bulk and machine readable.''.
(c) Effective Date.--
(1) In general.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall
apply with respect to contributions and expenditures made on
or after the expiration of the 30-day period which begins on
the date of the enactment of this Act, without regard to
whether or not the Federal Election Commission has
promulgated regulations to carry out such amendments.
(2) Reporting requirements.--The amendment made by
subsection (b) shall apply with respect to reports required
to be filed after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 202. ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATIONS.
(a) Expansion of Period Covering General Election.--Section
304(f)(3)(A)(i)(II)(aa) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(f)(3)(A)(i)(II)(aa)) is amended by
striking ``60 days'' and inserting ``120 days''.
(b) Effective Date; Transition for Communications Made
Prior to Enactment.--The amendment made by subsection (a)
shall apply with respect to communications made on or after
the date of the enactment of this Act, without regard to
whether or not the Federal Election Commission has
promulgated regulations to carry out such amendments,
except that no communication which is made prior to the
date of the enactment of this Act shall be treated as an
electioneering communication under section
304(f)(3)(A)(i)(II) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (as amended by subsection (a)) unless the
communication would be treated as an electioneering
communication under such section if the amendment made by
subsection (a) did not apply.
SEC. 203. MANDATORY ELECTRONIC FILING BY PERSONS MAKING
INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES OR ELECTIONEERING
COMMUNICATIONS EXCEEDING $10,000 AT ANY TIME.
Section 304(d)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(d)(1)) is amended--
(1) by striking ``or (g)''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following: ``Notwithstanding
any other provision of this section, any person who is
required to file a statement under subsection (f) or
subsection (g) shall file the statement in electronic form
accessible by computers, in a manner which ensures that the
information provided is searchable, sortable, and
downloadable.''.
Subtitle B--Expanded Requirements for Corporations and Other
Organizations
SEC. 211. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE INCLUDED IN
REPORTS ON DISBURSEMENTS BY COVERED
ORGANIZATIONS.
(a) Independent Expenditure Reports.--Section 304(g) of the
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(g)) is
amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(5) Disclosure of additional information by covered
organizations making payments for public independent
expenditures.--
``(A) Additional information.--If a covered organization
makes or contracts to make public independent expenditures in
an aggregate amount equal to or exceeding $10,000 in a
calendar year, the report filed by the organization under
this subsection shall include, in addition to the information
required under paragraph (3), the following information
subject to Subparagraph (B)(iv)):
``(i) If any person made a donation or payment to the
covered organization during the covered organization
reporting period which was provided for the purpose of being
used for campaign-related activity or in response to a
solicitation for funds to be used for campaign-related
activity--
``(I) subject to subparagraph (C), the identification of
each person who made such donations or payments in an
aggregate amount equal to or exceeding $600 during such
period, presented in the order of the aggregate amount of
donations or payments made by such persons during such period
(with the identification of the person making the largest
donation or payment appearing first); and
``(II) if any person identified under subclause (I)
designated that the donation or payment be used for campaign-
related activity with respect to a specific election or in
support of a specific candidate, the name of the election or
candidate involved, and if any such person designated that
the donation or payment be used for a specific public
independent expenditure, a description of the expenditure.
``(ii) The identification of each person who made
unrestricted donor payments to the organization during the
covered organization reporting period--
``(I) in an aggregate amount equal to or exceeding $600
during such period, if any of the disbursements made by the
organization for any of the public independent expenditures
which are covered by the report were not made from the
organization's Campaign-Related Activity Account under
section 326; or
``(II) in an aggregate amount equal to or exceeding $6,000
during such period, if the disbursements made by the
organization for all of the public independent expenditures
which are covered by the report were made exclusively from
the organization's Campaign-Related Activity Account under
section 326 (but only if the organization has made deposits
described in subparagraph (D) of section 326(a)(2) into that
Account during such period in an aggregate amount equal to or
greater than $10,000),
presented in the order of the aggregate amount of payments
made by such persons during such period (with the
identification of the person making the largest payment
appearing first).
``(B) Treatment of transfers made to other persons.--
``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (iii), for purposes of
the requirement to file reports under this subsection
(including the requirement under subparagraph (A) to include
additional information in such reports), a covered
organization which transfers amounts to another person (other
than the covered organization itself) for the purpose of
making a public independent expenditure by that person or by
any other person, or (in accordance with clause (ii)) which
is deemed to have transferred amounts to another person
(other than the covered organization itself) for the purpose
of making a public independent expenditure by that person or
by any other person, shall be considered to have made a
public independent expenditure.
``(ii) Rules for deeming transfers made for purpose of
making expenditures.--For purposes of clause (i), in
determining whether a covered organization which transfers
amounts to another person shall be deemed to have transferred
the amounts for the purpose of making a public independent
expenditure, the following rules apply:
``(I) The covered organization shall be deemed to have
transferred the amounts for the purpose of making a public
independent expenditure if--
``(aa) the covered organization designates, requests, or
suggests that the amounts be used for public independent
expenditures and the person to whom the amounts were
transferred agrees to do so;
``(bb) the person making the public independent expenditure
or another person acting on that person's behalf expressly
solicited the covered organization for a donation or
payment for making or paying for any public independent
expenditures;
``(cc) the covered organization and the person to whom the
amounts were transferred engaged in written or oral
discussion regarding the person either making, or paying for,
any public independent expenditure, or donating or
transferring the amounts to another person for that purpose;
``(dd) the covered organization which transferred the funds
knew or had reason to know that the person to whom the
amounts were transferred intended to make public independent
expenditures; or
``(ee) the covered organization which transferred the funds
or the person to whom the amounts were transferred made one
or more public independent expenditures in an aggregate
amount of $50,000 or more during the 2-year period which ends
on the date on which the amounts were transferred.''.
``(II) The covered organization shall not be deemed to have
transferred the amounts for the purpose of making a public
independent expenditure if--
``(aa) the transfer was a commercial transaction occurring
in the ordinary course of business between the covered
organization and the person to whom the amounts were
transferred, unless there is affirmative evidence that the
amounts were transferred for the purpose of making a public
independent expenditure; or
``(bb) the covered organization and the person to whom the
amounts were transferred mutually agreed (as provided in
section 325(b)(1)) that the person will not use the amounts
for campaign-related activity.''.
``(iii) Special rule regarding transfers among
affiliates.--
``(I) Special rule.--In the case of an amount transferred
by one covered organization to another covered organization
which is treated as a transfer between affiliates under
subclause (II), clause (i) and (ii) shall apply to the
covered organization which transfers the amount only if the
aggregate amount transferred during the year by such covered
organization is equal to or greater than $50,000.
``(II) Description of transfers between affiliates.--A
transfer of amounts from one covered organization to another
covered organization shall be treated as a transfer between
affiliates if--
``(aa) one of the organizations is an affiliate of the
other organization; or
``(bb) each of the organizations is an affiliate of the
same organization,
except that the transfer shall not be treated as a transfer
between affiliates if one of the organizations is established
for the purpose of disbursing funds for campaign-related
activity.
``(III) Determination of affiliate status.--For purposes of
subclause (II), a covered organization is an affiliate of
another covered organization if--
``(aa) the governing instrument of the organization
requires it to be bound by decisions of the other
organization;
``(bb) the governing board of the organization includes
persons who are specifically designated representatives of
the other organization or are members of the governing board,
officers, or paid executive staff members of the other
organization, or whose service on the governing board is
contingent upon the approval of the other organization; or
``(cc) the organization is chartered by the other
organization.
``(IV) Coverage of transfers to affiliated section
501(c)(3) organizations.--This clause shall apply with
respect to an amount transferred by a covered organization to
an organization described in paragraph (3) of section 501(c)
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax
under section 501(a) of such Code in the same manner as this
clause applies to an amount transferred by a covered
organization to another covered organization.
``(iv) Special threshold for disclosure of donors.--
Notwithstanding clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A), if a
covered organization is required to include the
identification of a person described in such clause in a
report filed under this subsection because the covered
organization is deemed (in accordance with clause (ii)) to
have transferred amounts for the purpose of
[[Page H4810]]
making a public independent expenditure, the organization
shall include the identification of the person only if the
person made donations or payments (in the case of a person
described in clause (i)(I) of subparagraph (A)) or
unrestricted donor payments (in the case of a person
described in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A)) to the covered
organization during the covered organization reporting period
involved in an aggregate amount equal to or exceeding
$10,000.
``(v) Waiver of requirement to file report.--
Notwithstanding clause (i), a covered organization which is
considered to have made a public independent expenditure
under such clause shall not be required to file a report
under this subsection if--
``(I) the organization would be required to file the report
solely because the organization is deemed (in accordance with
clause (ii)) to have transferred amounts for the purpose of
making a public independent expenditure;
``(II) no person made donations or payments (in the case of
a person described in clause (i)(I) of subparagraph (A)) or
unrestricted donor payments (in the case of person described
in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A)) to the covered
organization during the covered organization reporting period
involved in an aggregate amount equal to or exceeding
$10,000; and
``(III) all of the persons who made donations or payments
(in the case of a person described in clause (i)(I) of
subparagraph (A)) or unrestricted donor payments (in the case
of a person described in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A)) to
the covered organization during the covered organization
reporting period in any amount were individuals.''.
``(C) Exclusion of amounts designated for other campaign-
related activity.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), in
determining the amount of a donation or payment made by a
person which was provided for the purpose of being used for
campaign-related activity or in response to a solicitation
for funds to be used for campaign-related activity, there
shall be excluded any amount which was designated by the
person to be used--
``(i) for campaign-related activity described in clause (i)
of section 325(d)(2)(A) (relating to independent
expenditures) with respect to a different election, or with
respect to a candidate in a different election, than an
election which is the subject of any of the public
independent expenditures covered by the report involved;
or
``(ii) for any campaign-related activity described in
clause (ii) of section 325(d)(2)(A) (relating to
electioneering communications).
``(D) Exclusion of amounts paid from separate segregated
fund.--In determining the amount of public independent
expenditures made by a covered organization for purposes of
this paragraph, there shall be excluded any amounts paid from
a separate segregated fund established and administered by
the organization under section 316(b)(2)(C).
``(E) Determination of amount of certain payments among
affiliates.--For purposes of determining the amount of any
donation, payment, or transfer under this subsection which is
made by a covered organization to another covered
organization which is an affiliate of the covered
organization or each of which is an affiliate of the same
organization (as determined in accordance with subparagraph
(B)(iii)), to the extent that the donation, payment, or
transfer consists of funds attributable to dues, fees, or
assessments which are paid by individuals on a regular,
periodic basis in accordance with a per-individual
calculation which is made on a regular basis, the donation,
payment, or transfer shall be attributed to the individuals
paying the dues, fees, or assessments and shall not be
attributed to the covered organization.''.
``(F) Covered organization reporting period described.--In
this paragraph, the `covered organization reporting period'
is, with respect to a report filed by a covered organization
under this subsection--
``(i) in the case of the first report filed by a covered
organization under this subsection which includes information
required under this paragraph, the shorter of--
``(I) the period which begins on the effective date of the
Democracy is Strengthened by Casting Light on Spending in
Elections Act and ends on the last day covered by the report,
or
``(II) the 12-month period ending on the last day covered
by the report; and
``(ii) in the case of any subsequent report filed by a
covered organization under this subsection which includes
information required under this paragraph, the period
occurring since the most recent report filed by the
organization which includes such information.
``(G) Covered organization defined.--In this paragraph, the
term `covered organization' means any of the following:
``(i) Any corporation which is subject to section 316(a)
``, other than a corporation which is an organization
described in paragraph (3) of section 501(c) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a)
of such Code.''.
``(ii) Any labor organization (as defined in section 316).
``(iii) Any organization described in paragraph (4), (5),
or (6) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code ``,
other than an exempt section 501(c)(4) organization (as
defined in section 301(27)).''.
``(iv) Any political organization under section 527 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, other than a political
committee under this Act.
``(H) Other definitions.--In this paragraph--
``(i) the terms `campaign-related activity' and
`unrestricted donor payment' have the meaning given such
terms in section 325; and
``(ii) the term `public independent expenditure' means an
independent expenditure for a public communication (as
defined in section 301(22)).''.
(b) Electioneering Communication Reports.--
(1) In general.--Section 304(f) of such Act (2 U.S.C.
434(f)) is amended--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (6) and (7) as paragraphs
(7) and (8); and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (5) the end the following
new paragraph:
``(6) Disclosure of additional information by covered
organizations.--
``(A) Additional information.--If a covered organization
files a statement under this subsection, the statement shall
include, in addition to the information required under
paragraph (2), the following information (subject to
subparagraph (B)(iv)):''.
``(i) If any person made a donation or payment to the
covered organization during the covered organization
reporting period which was provided for the purpose of being
used for campaign-related activity or in response to a
solicitation for funds to be used for campaign-related
activity--
``(I) subject to subparagraph (C), the identification of
each person who made such donations or payments in an
aggregate amount equal to or exceeding $1,000 during such
period, presented in the order of the aggregate amount of
donations or payments made by such persons during such period
(with the identification of the person making the largest
donation or payment appearing first); and
``(II) if any person identified under subclause (I)
designated that the donation or payment be used for campaign-
related activity with respect to a specific election or in
support of a specific candidate, the name of the election or
candidate involved, and if any such person designated that
the donation or payment be used for a specific electioneering
communication, a description of the communication.
``(ii) The identification of each person who made
unrestricted donor payments to the organization during the
covered organization reporting period--
``(I) in an aggregate amount equal to or exceeding $1,000
during such period, if the organization made any of the
disbursements which are described in subclause (II) from a
source other than the organization's Campaign-Related
Activity Account under section 326; or
``(II) in an aggregate amount equal to or exceeding $10,000
during such period, if the organization made from its
Campaign-Related Activity Account under section 326 all of
its disbursements for electioneering communications during
such period which are, on the basis of a reasonable belief by
the organization, subject to treatment as disbursements for
an exempt function for purposes of section 527(f) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (but only if the organization
has made deposits described in subparagraph (D) of section
326(a)(2) into that Account during such period in an
aggregate amount equal to or greater than $10,000),''
presented in the order of the aggregate amount of payments
made by such persons during such period (with the
identification of the person making the largest payment
appearing first).
``(B) Treatment of transfers made to other persons.--
``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (iii), for purposes of
the requirement to file statements under this subsection
(including the requirement under subparagraph (A) to include
additional information in such statements), a covered
organization which transfers amounts to another person (other
than the covered organization itself) for the purpose of
making an electioneering communication by that person or by
any other person, or (in accordance with clause (ii)) which
is deemed to have transferred amounts to another person
(other than the covered organization itself) for the purpose
of making an electioneering communication by that person or
by any other person, shall be considered to have made a
disbursement for an electioneering communication.
``(ii) Rules for deeming transfers made for purpose of
making communications.--For purposes of clause (i), in
determining whether a covered organization which transfers
amounts to another person shall be deemed to have transferred
the amounts for the purpose of making an electioneering
communication, the following rules apply:
``(I) The covered organization shall be deemed to have
transferred the amounts for the purpose of making an
electioneering communication if--
``(aa) the covered organization designates, requests, or
suggests that the amounts be used for electioneering
communications and the person to whom the amounts were
transferred agrees to do so;
``(bb) the person making the electioneering communication
or another person acting on that person's behalf expressly
solicited the covered organization for a donation or payment
for making or paying for any electioneering communications;
``(cc) the covered organization and the person to whom the
amounts were transferred engaged in written or oral
discussion regarding the person either making, or paying for,
any electioneering communications, or donating or
transferring the amounts to another person for that purpose;
``(dd) the covered organization which transferred the funds
knew or had reason to know what the person to whom the
amounts wee transferred intended to make electioneering
communications; or
``(ee) the covered organization which transferred the funds
or the person to whom the amounts were transferred made one
or more electioneering communications in an aggregate amount
of $50,000 or more during the 2-year period which ends on the
date on which the amounts were transferred.''.
``(II) The covered organization shall not be deemed to have
transferred the amounts for the
[[Page H4811]]
purpose of making an electioneering communication if--
``(aa) the transfer was a commercial transaction occurring
in the ordinary course of business between the covered
organization and the person to whom the amounts were
transferred, unless there is affirmative evidence that the
amounts were transferred for the purpose of making an
electioneering communication; or
``(bb) the covered organization and the person to whom the
amounts were transferred mutually agreed (as provided in
section 325(b)(1)) that the person will not use the amounts
for campaign-related activity.''.
``(iii) Special rule regarding transfers among
affiliates.--
``(I) Special rule.--In the case of an amount transferred
by one covered organization to another covered organization
which is treated as a transfer between affiliates under
subclause (II), clause (i) and (ii) shall apply to the
covered organization which transfers the amount only if the
aggregate amount transferred during the year by such covered
organization to that same covered organization is equal to or
greater than $50,000.
``(II) Description of transfers between affiliates.--A
transfer of amounts from one covered organization to another
covered organization shall be treated as a transfer between
affiliates if--
``(aa) one of the organizations is an affiliate of the
other organization; or
``(bb) each of the organizations is an affiliate of the
same organization,
except that the transfer shall not be treated as a transfer
between affiliates if one of the organizations is established
for the purpose of disbursing funds for campaign-related
activity.
``(III) Determination of affiliate status.--For purposes of
subclause (II), a covered organization is an affiliate of
another covered organization if--
``(aa) the governing instrument of the organization
requires it to be bound by decisions of the other
organization;
``(bb) the governing board of the organization includes
persons who are specifically designated representatives of
the other organization or are members of the governing board,
officers, or paid executive staff members of the other
organization, or whose service on the governing board is
contingent upon the approval of the other organization; or
``(cc) the organization is chartered by the other
organization.
``(IV) Coverage of transfers to affiliated section
501(c)(3) organizations.--This clause shall apply with
respect to an amount transferred by a covered organization to
an organization described in paragraph (3) of section 501(c)
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax
under section 501(a) of such Code in the same manner as this
clause applies to an amount transferred by a covered
organization to another covered organization.
``(iv) Special threshold for disclosure of donors.--
Notwithstanding clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A), if a
covered organization is required to include the
identification of a person described in such clause in a
statement filed under this subsection because the covered
organization is deemed (in accordance with clause (ii)) to
have transferred amounts for the purpose of making an
electioneering communication, the organization shall include
the identification of the person only if the person made
donations or payments (in the case of a person described in
clause (i)(I) of subparagraph (A)) or unrestricted donor
payments (in the case of a person described in clause (ii) of
subparagraph (A)) to the covered organization during the
covered organization reporting period involved in an
aggregate amount equal to or exceeding $10,000.
``(v) Waiver of requirement to file statement.--
Notwithstanding clause (i), a covered organization which is
considered to have made a disbursement for an electioneering
communication under such clause shall not be required to file
a report under this subsection if--
``(I) the organization would be required to file the report
solely because the organization is deemed (in accordance with
clause (ii) to have transferred amounts for the purpose of
making an electioneering communication;
``(II) no person made donations or payments (in the case of
a person described in clause (i)(I) of subparagraph (A)) or
unrestricted donor payments (in the case of a person
described in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A)) to the covered
organization during the covered organization reporting period
involved in an aggregate amount equal to or exceeding
$10,000; and
``(III) all of the persons who made donations or payments
(in the case of a person described in clause (i)(I) of
subparagraph (A)) or unrestricted donor payments (in the case
of a person described in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A)) to
the covered organization during the covered organization
reporting period in any amount were individuals.''.
``(C) Exclusion of amounts designated for other campaign-
related activity.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), in
determining the amount of a donation or payment made by a
person which was provided for the purpose of being used for
campaign-related activity or in response to a solicitation
for funds to be used for campaign-related activity, there
shall be excluded any amount which was designated by the
person to be used--
``(i) for campaign-related activity described in clause
(ii) of section 325(d)(2)(A) (relating to electioneering
communications) with respect to a different election, or with
respect to a candidate in a different election, than an
election which is the subject of any of the electioneering
communications covered by the statement involved; or
``(ii) for any campaign-related activity described in
clause (i) of section 325(d)(2)(A) (relating to independent
expenditures consisting of a public communication).
``(D) Determination of amount of certain payments among
affiliates.--For purposes of determining the amount of any
donation, payment, or transfer under this subsection which is
made by a covered organization to another covered
organization which is an affiliate of the covered
organization or each of which is an affiliate of the same
organization (as determined in accordance with subparagraph
(B)(iii)), to the extent that the donation, payment, or
transfer consists of funds attributable to dues, fees, or
assessments which are paid by individuals on a regular,
periodic basis in accordance with a per-individual
calculation which is made on a regular basis, the donation,
payment, or transfer shall be attributed to the individuals
paying the dues, fees, or assessments and shall not be
attributed to the covered organization.''.
``(E) Covered organization reporting period described.--In
this paragraph, the `covered organization reporting period'
is, with respect to a statement filed by a covered
organization under this subsection--
``(i) in the case of the first statement filed by a covered
organization under this subsection which includes information
required under this paragraph, the shorter of--
``(I) the period which begins on the effective date of the
Democracy is Strengthened by Casting Light on Spending in
Elections Act and ends on the disclosure date for the
statement, or
``(II) the 12-month period ending on the disclosure date
for the statement; and
``(ii) in the case of any subsequent statement filed by a
covered organization under this subsection which includes
information required under this paragraph, the period
occurring since the most recent statement filed by the
organization which includes such information.
``(F) Covered organization defined.--In this paragraph, the
term `covered organization' means any of the following:
``(i) Any corporation which is subject to section 316(a),
other than a corporation which is an organization described
in paragraph (3) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such
Code.
``(ii) Any labor organization (as defined in section 316).
``(iii) Any organization described in paragraph (4), (5),
or (6) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code, other
than an exempt section 501(c)(4) organization (as defined in
section 301(27)).
``(iv) Any political organization under section 527 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, other than a political
committee under this Act.
``(G) Other definitions.--In this paragraph, the terms
`campaign-related activity' and `unrestricted donor payment'
have the meaning given such terms in section 325.''.
(2) Conforming amendment.--Section 304(f)(2) of such Act (2
U.S.C. 434(f)(2)) is amended by striking ``If the
disbursements'' each place it appears in subparagraphs (E)
and (F) and inserting the following: ``Except in the case of
a statement which is required to include additional
information under paragraph (6), if the disbursements''.
(c) Exemption of Certain Section 501(c)(4) Organizations.--
Section 301 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by adding
at the end the following:
``(27) Exempt section 501(c)(4) organization.--The term
`exempt section 501(c)(4) organization' means, with respect
to disbursements made by an organization during a calendar
year, and organization for which the chief executive officer
of the organization certifies to the Commission (prior to the
first disbursement made by the organization during the year)
that each of the following applies:
``(A) The organization is described in paragraph (4) of
section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and
exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code, and was so
described and so exempt during each of the 10 previous
calendar years.
``(B) The organization has at least 500,000 individuals who
paid membership dues during the previous calendar year
(determined as of the last day of that year).
``(C) The dues-paying membership of the organization
includes at least one individual from each State. For
purposes of this subparagraph, the term `State' means each of
the several States, the District of Columbia, and the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
``(D) During the previous calendar year, the portion of
funds provided to the organization by corporations (as
described in section 316) or labor organizations (as defined
in section 316), other than funds provided pursuant to
commercial transactions occurring in the ordinary course of
business, did not exceed 15 percent of the total amount of
all funds provided to the organization from all sources.
``(E) The organization does not use any of the funds
provided to the organization by corporations (as described in
section 316) or labor organizations (as defined in section
316) for campaign-related activity (as defined in section
325).''.
SEC. 212. RULES REGARDING USE OF GENERAL TREASURY FUNDS BY
COVERED ORGANIZATIONS FOR CAMPAIGN-RELATED
ACTIVITY.
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2
U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
following new section:
``SEC. 325. SPECIAL RULES FOR USE OF GENERAL TREASURY FUNDS
BY COVERED ORGANIZATIONS FOR CAMPAIGN-RELATED
ACTIVITY.
``(a) Use of Funds for Campaign-Related Activity.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to any applicable restrictions
and prohibitions under this Act, a covered organization may
make disbursements for campaign-related activity using--
[[Page H4812]]
``(A) amounts paid or donated to the organization which are
designated by the person providing the amounts to be used for
campaign-related activity;
``(B) unrestricted donor payments made to the organization;
and
``(C) other funds of the organization, including amounts
received pursuant to commercial activities in the regular
course of a covered organization's business.
``(2) No effect on use of separate segregated fund.--
Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the
authority of a covered organization to make disbursements
from a separate segregated fund established and administered
by the organization under section 316(b)(2)(C).
``(b) Mutually Agreed Restrictions on Use of Funds for
Campaign-Related Activity.--
``(1) Agreement and certification.--If a covered
organization and a person mutually agree, at the time the
person makes a donation, payment, or transfer to the
organization which would require the organization to disclose
the person's identification under section 304(g)(5)(A)(ii) or
section 304(f)(6)(A)(ii), that the organization will not use
the donation, payment, or transfer for campaign-related
activity, then not later than 30 days after the organization
receives the donation, payment, or transfer the organization
shall transmit to the person a written certification by the
chief financial officer of the covered organization (or, if
the organization does not have a chief financial officer, the
highest ranking financial official of the organization)
that--
``(A) the organization will not use the donation, payment,
or transfer for campaign-related activity; and
``(B) the organization will not include any information on
the person in any report filed by the organization under
section 304 with respect to independent expenditures or
electioneering communications, so that the person will not be
required to appear in a significant funder statement or a Top
5 Funders list under section 318(e).
``(2) Exception for payments made pursuant to commercial
activities.--Paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to any
payment or transfer made pursuant to commercial activities in
the regular course of a covered organization's business.
``(c) Certifications Regarding Disbursements for Campaign-
Related Activity.--
``(1) Certification by chief executive officer.--If, at any
time during a calendar quarter, a covered organization makes
a disbursement of funds for campaign-related activity using
funds described in subsection (a)(1), the chief executive
officer of the covered organization or the chief executive
officer's designee (or, if the organization does not have a
chief executive officer, the highest ranking official of the
organization or the highest ranking official's designee)
shall file a statement with the Commission which contains the
following certifications:
``(A) None of the campaign-related activity for which the
organization disbursed the funds during the quarter was made
in cooperation, consultation, or concert with, or at the
request or suggestion of, any candidate or any authorized
committee or agent of such candidate, or political committee
of a political party or agent of any political party.
``(B) The chief executive officer or highest ranking
official of the covered organization (as the case may be) has
reviewed and approved each statement and report filed by the
organization under section 304 with respect to any such
disbursement made during the quarter.
``(C) Each statement and report filed by the organization
under section 304 with respect to any such disbursement made
during the quarter is complete and accurate.
``(D) All such disbursements made during the quarter are in
compliance with this Act.
``(E) No portion of the amounts used to make any such
disbursements during the quarter is attributable to funds
received by the organization ``that were subject to a mutual
agreement (as provided in subsection (b)(1)) that the
organization will not use the funds for campaign-related
activity'', by the person who provided the funds from being
used for campaign-related activity pursuant to subsection
(b).
``(2) Application of electronic filing rules.--Section
304(d)(1) shall apply with respect to a statement required
under this subsection in the same manner as such section
applies with respect to a statement under subsection (c) or
(g) of section 304.
``(3) Deadline.--The chief executive officer or highest
ranking official of a covered organization (as the case may
be) shall file the statement required under this subsection
with respect to a calendar quarter not later than 15 days
after the end of the quarter.
``(d) Definitions.--For purposes of this section, the
following definitions apply:
``(1) Covered organization.--The term `covered
organization' means any of the following:
``(A) Any corporation which is subject to section 316(a),
other than a corporation which is an organization described
in paragraph (3) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such
Code.''.
``(B) Any labor organization (as defined in section 316).
``(C) Any organization described in paragraph (4), (5), or
(6) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code ``,
other than an exempt section 501(c)(4) organization (as
defined in section 301(27).''.
``(D) Any political organization under section 527 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, other than a political
committee under this Act.
``(2) Campaign-related activity.--
``(A) In general.--The term `campaign-related activity'
means--
``(i) an independent expenditure consisting of a public
communication (as defined in section 301(22)), a transfer of
funds to another person (other than the transferor itself)
for the purpose of making such an independent expenditure by
that person or by any other person (subject to subparagraph
(c)), or (in accordance with subparagraph (B) and subject to
subparagraph (C)) a transfer of funds to another person
(other than the transferor itself) which is deemed to have
been made for the purpose of making such an independent
expenditure by that person or by any other person; or
``(ii) an electioneering communication, a transfer of funds
to another person (other than the transferor itself) for the
purpose of making an electioneering communication by that
person or by any other person (subject to subparagraph
C)), or in accordance with subparagraph (B) and subject to
subparagraph (C)) a transfer of funds to another person
(other than the transferor itself) which is deemed to have
been made for the purpose of making an electioneering
communication by that person or by any other person.
``(B) Rule for deeming transfers made for purpose of
campaign-related activity.--For purposes of subparagraph (A),
in determining whether a transfer of funds by a covered
organization to another person shall be deemed to have been
made for the purpose of making an independent expenditure
consisting of a public communication or an electioneering
communication, the following rules apply:
``(i) The transfer shall be deemed to have been made for
the purpose of making such an independent expenditure or an
electioneering communication if--
``(I) the covered organization designates, requests, or
suggests that the amounts be used for such independent
expenditures or electioneering communications and the person
to whom the amounts were transferred agrees to do so;
``(II) the person making such independent expenditures or
electioneering communications or another person acting on
that person's behalf expressly solicited the covered
organization for a donation or payment for making or paying
for any such independent expenditure or electioneering
communication;
``(III) the covered organization and the person to whom the
amounts were transferred engaged in written or oral
discussion regarding the person either making, or paying for,
such independent expenditures or electioneering
communications, or donating or transferring the amounts to
another person for that purpose;
``(IV) the covered organization which transferred the funds
knew or had reason to know that the person to whom the
amounts were transferred intended to make such independent
expenditures or electioneering communications; or
``(V) the covered organization which transferred the funds
or the person to whom the amounts were transferred made one
or more such independent expenditures or electioneering
communications in an aggregate amount of $50,000 or more
during the 2-year period which ends on the date on which the
amounts were transferred''.
``(ii) The transfer shall not be deemed to have been made
for the purpose of making such an independent expenditure or
an electioneering communication if--
``(I) the transfer was a commercial transaction occurring
in the ordinary course of business between the covered
organization and the person to whom the amounts were
transferred, unless there is affirmative evidence that the
amounts were transferred for the purpose of making such an
independent expenditure or electioneering communication; or
``(II) the covered organization and the person to whom the
amounts were transferred mutually agreed (as provided in
subsection (b)(1)) that the person will not use the amounts
for campaign-related activity.
``(C) Special rule regarding transfers among affiliates.--
``(I) Special rule.--In the case of a transfer of an amount
by one covered organization to another covered organization
which is treated as a transfer between affiliates under
clause (ii), subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall apply to the
transfer only if the aggregate amount transferred during the
year by such covered organization to that same covered
organization is equal to or greater than $50,000.
``(ii) Determination of amount of certain transfers among
affiliates.--In determining the amount of a transfer between
affiliates for purposes of clause (I), to the extent that the
transfer consists of funds attributable to dues, fees, or
assessments which are paid by individuals on a regular,
periodic basis in accordance with a per-individual
calculation which is made on a regular basis, the transfer
shall be attributed to the individuals paying the dues, fees,
or assessments and shall not be attributed to the covered
organization.
``(iii) Description of transfers between affiliates.--A
transfer of amounts from one covered organization to another
covered organization shall be treated as a transfer between
affiliates if--
``(I) one of the organizations is an affiliate of the other
organization; or
``(II) each of the organizations is an affiliate of the
same organization, except that the transfer shall not be
treated as a transfer between affiliates if one of the
organizations is established for the purpose of disbursing
funds for campaign-related activity.
``(iv) Determination of affiliate status.--For purposes of
clause (ii), a covered organization is an affiliate of
another covered organization if--
``(I) the governing instrument of the organization requires
it to be bound by decisions of the other organization;
[[Page H4813]]
``(II) the governing board of the organization includes
persons who are specifically designated representatives of
the other organization or are members of the governing board,
officers, or paid executive staff members of the other
organization, or whose service on the governing board is
contingent upon the approval of the other organization; or
``(III) the organization is chartered by the other
organization.
``(v) Coverage of transfers to affiliated section 501(c)(3)
organizations.--This subparagraph shall apply with respect to
an amount transferred by a covered organization to an
organization described in paragraph (3) of section 501(c) of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under
section 501(a) of such Code in the same manner as this
subparagraph applies to an amount transferred by a covered
organization to another covered organization.
``(3) Unrestricted donor payment.--The term `unrestricted
donor payment' means a payment to a covered organization
which consists of a donation or payment from a person other
than the covered organization, except that such term does not
include--
``(A) any payment made pursuant to commercial activities in
the regular course of a covered organization's business; or
``(B) any donation or payment which is designated by the
person making the donation or payment to be used for
campaign-related activity or made in response to a
solicitation for funds to be used for campaign-related
activity.''.
SEC. 213. OPTIONAL USE OF SEPARATE ACCOUNT BY COVERED
ORGANIZATIONS FOR CAMPAIGN-RELATED ACTIVITY.
(a) In General.--Title III of the Federal Election Campaign
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by section
212, is further amended by adding at the end the following
new section:
``SEC. 326. OPTIONAL USE OF SEPARATE ACCOUNT BY COVERED
ORGANIZATIONS FOR CAMPAIGN-RELATED ACTIVITY.
``(a) Optional Use of Separate Account.--
``(1) Establishment of account.--
``(A) In general.--At its option, a covered organization
may make disbursements for campaign-related activity using
amounts from a bank account established and controlled by the
organization to be known as the Campaign-Related Activity
Account (hereafter in this section referred to as the
`Account'), which shall be maintained separately from all
other accounts of the organization and which shall consist
exclusively of the deposits described in paragraph (2).
``(B) Mandatory use of account after establishment.--If a
covered organization establishes an Account under this
section, it may not make disbursements for campaign-related
activity from any source other than amounts from the Account,
other than disbursements for campaign-related activity which,
on the basis of a reasonable belief by the organization,
would not be treated as disbursements for an exempt function
for purposes of section 527(f) of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986.''.
``(C) Exclusive use of account for campaign-related
activity.--Amounts in the Account shall be used exclusively
for disbursements by the covered organization for campaign-
related activity. After such disbursements are made,
information with respect to deposits made to the Account
shall be disclosed in accordance with section 304(g)(5) or
section 304(f)(6).
``(2) Deposits described.--The deposits described in this
paragraph are deposits of the following amounts:
``(A) Amounts donated or paid to the covered organization
by a person other than the organization for the purpose of
being used for campaign-related activity, and for which the
person providing the amounts has designated that the amounts
be used for campaign-related activity with respect to a
specific election or specific candidate.
``(B) Amounts donated or paid to the covered organization
by a person other than the organization for the purpose of
being used for campaign-related activity, and for which the
person providing the amounts has not designated that the
amounts be used for campaign-related activity with respect to
a specific election or specific candidate.
``(C) Amounts donated or paid to the covered organization
by a person other than the organization in response to a
solicitation for funds to be used for campaign-related
activity.
``(D) Amounts transferred to the Account by the covered
organization from other accounts of the organization,
including from the organization's general treasury funds.
``(3) No treatment as political committee.--The
establishment and administration of an Account in accordance
with this subsection shall not by itself be treated as the
establishment or administration of a political committee for
any purpose of this Act.
``(b) Reduction in Amounts Otherwise Available for Account
in Response to Demand of General Donors.--
``(1) In general.--If a covered organization which has
established an Account obtains any revenues during a year
which are attributable to a donation or payment from a person
other than the covered organization, and if the organization
and any such person have mutally agreed (as provided in
section 325(b)(1)) that the organization will not use the
person's donation, payment, or transfer for campaign-related
activity, the organization shall reduce the amount of its
revenues available for deposits to the Account which are
described in subsection (a)(3)(D) during the year by the
amount of the donation or payment which is subject to the
mutual agreement.''.
``(2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) does not apply with respect
to any payment made pursuant to commercial activities in the
regular course of a covered organization's business.
``(c) Covered Organization Defined.--In this section, the
term `covered organization' means any of the following:
``(1) Any corporation which is subject to section 316(a),
other than a corporation which is an organization described
in paragraph (3) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such
code.''.
``(2) Any labor organization (as defined in section 316).
``(3) Any organization described in paragraph (4), (5), or
(6) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code, other
than an exempt section 501(c)(4) organization (as defined in
section 301(27)).''.
``(4) Any political organization under section 527 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, other than a political
committee under this Act.
``(d) Campaign-Related Activity Defined.--In this section,
the term `campaign-related activity' has the meaning given
such term in section 325.''.
(b) Clarification of treatment as Separate Segregated
Fund.--A Campaign-Related Activity Account (within the
meaning of section 326 of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971, as added by subsection (a)) may be treated as a
separate segregated fund for purposes of section 527(f)(3) of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
SEC. 214. MODIFICATION OF RULES RELATING TO DISCLAIMER
STATEMENTS REQUIRED FOR CERTAIN COMMUNICATIONS.
(a) Applying Requirements to All Independent Expenditure
Communications.--Section 318(a) of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441d(a)) is amended by
striking ``for the purpose of financing communications
expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly
identified candidate'' and inserting ``for an independent
expenditure consisting of a public communication''.
(b) Stand by Your Ad Requirements.--
(1) Maintenance of existing requirements for communications
by political parties and other political committees.--Section
318(d)(2) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 441d(d)(2)) is amended--
(A) in the heading, by striking ``others'' and inserting
``political committees'';
(B) by striking ``subsection (a)'' and inserting
``subsection (a) which is paid for by a political committee
(including a political committee of a political party), other
than a political committee which is described in subsection
(e)(7)(B)''; and
(C) by striking ``or other person'' each place it appears.
(2) Special disclaimer requirements for certain
communications.--Section 318 of such Act (2 U.S.C. 441d) is
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(e) Communications by Others.--
``(1) In general.--Any communication described in paragraph
(3) of subsection (a) which is transmitted through radio or
television (other than a communication to which subsection
(d)(2) applies because the communication is paid for by a
political committee, including a political committee of a
political party, other than a political committee which is
described in paragraph (7)(b)) shall include, in addition to
the requirements of that paragraph, the following:
``(A) The individual disclosure statement described in
paragraph (2) (if the person paying for the communication is
an individual) or the organizational disclosure statement
described in paragraph (3) (if the person paying for the
communication is not an individual).
``(B) If the communication is an electioneering
communication or an independent expenditure consisting of a
public communication and is paid for in whole or in part with
a payment which is treated as a disbursement by a covered
organization for campaign-related activity under section 325,
the significant funder disclosure statement described in
paragraph (4) (if applicable), unless, on the basis of
criteria established in regulations promulgated by the
Commission, the communication is of such short duration that
including the statement in the communication would constitute
a hardship to the person paying for the communication by
requiring a disproportionate amount of the communication's
content to consist of the statement.
``(C) If the communication is an electioneering
communication or an independent expenditure consisting of a
public communication and is paid for in whole or in part with
a payment which is treated as a disbursement by a covered
organization for campaign-related activity under section 325,
the Top Five Funders list described in paragraph (5) (if
applicable), unless, on the basis of criteria established in
regulations promulgated by the Commission, the communication
is of such short duration that including the Top Five Funders
list in the communication would constitute a hardship to the
person paying for the communication by requiring a
disproportionate amount of the communication's content to
consist of the Top Five Funders list.
``(2) Individual disclosure statement described.--The
individual disclosure statement described in this paragraph
is the following: `I am _______, and I approve this
message.', with the blank filled in with the name of the
applicable individual.
``(3) Organizational disclosure statement described.--The
organizational disclosure statement described in this
paragraph is the following: `I am _______, the _______ of
_______, and _______ approves this message.', with--
``(A) the first blank to be filled in with the name of the
applicable individual;
``(B) the second blank to be filled in with the title of
the applicable individual; and
[[Page H4814]]
``(C) the third and fourth blank each to be filled in with
the name of the organization or other person paying for the
communication.
``(4) Significant funder disclosure statement described.--
``(A) Statement if significant funder is an individual.--If
the significant funder of a communication paid for in whole
or in part with a payment which is treated as a disbursement
by a covered organization for campaign-related activity under
section 325 is an individual, the significant funder
disclosure statement described in this paragraph is the
following: `I am _______. I helped to pay for this message,
and I approve it.', with the blank filled in with the name
of the applicable individual.
``(B) Statement if significant funder is not an
individual.--If the significant funder of a communication
paid for in whole or in part with a payment which is treated
as a disbursement by a covered organization for campaign-
related activity under section 325 is not an individual, the
significant funder disclosure statement described in this
paragraph is the following: `I am _______, the _______ of
_______. _______ helped to pay for this message, and _______
approves it.', with--
``(i) the first blank to be filled in with the name of the
applicable individual;
``(ii) the second blank to be filled in with the title of
the applicable individual; and
``(iii) the third, fourth, and fifth blank each to be
filled in with the name of the significant funder of the
communication.
``(C) Significant funder defined.--
``(i) Independent expenditures.--For purposes of this
paragraph, the `significant funder' with respect to an
independent expenditure consisting of a public communication
paid for in whole or in part with a payment which is treated
as a disbursement by a covered organization for campaign-
related activity under section 325 shall be determined as
follows:
``(I) If any report filed by any organization with respect
to the independent expenditure under section 304 during the
12-month period which ends on the date of disbursement
includes information on any person who made a payment to the
organization in an amount equal to or exceeding $100,000
which was designated by the person to be used for campaign-
related activity consisting of that specific independent
expenditure (as required to be included in the report under
section 304(g)(5)(A)(i)), the person who is identified among
all such reports as making the largest such payment.
``(II) If any report filed by any organization with respect
to the independent expenditure under section 304 during the
12-month period which ends on the date of disbursement
includes information on any person who made a payment to the
organization in an amount equal to or exceeding $100,000
which was designated by the person to be used for campaign-
related activity with respect to the same election or in
support of the same candidate (as required to be included in
the report under section 304(g)(5)(A)(i)) but subclause (I)
does not apply, the person who is identified among all such
reports as making the largest such payment.
``(III) If any report filed by any organization with
respect to the independent expenditure under section 304
during the 12-month period which ends on the date of
disbursement includes information on any person who made a
payment to the organization in an amount equal to or
exceeding $10,000 which was provided for the purpose of being
used for campaign-related activity or in response to a
solicitation for funds to be used for campaign-related
activity (as required to be included in the report under
section 304(g)(5)(A)(i)) but subclause (I) or subclause (II)
does not apply, the person who is identified among all such
reports as making the largest such payment.
``(IV) If none of the reports filed by any organization
with respect to the independent expenditure under section 304
during the 12-month period which ends on the date of the
disbursement includes information on any person (other than
the organization) who made a payment to the organization in
an amount equal to or exceeding $10,000 which was provided
for the purpose of being used for campaign-related activity
or in response to a solicitation for funds to be used for
campaign-related activity, but any of such reports includes
information on any person who made an unrestricted donor
payment to the organization (as required to be included in
the report under section 304(g)(5)(A)(ii)) in an amount equal
to or exceeding $10,000, the person who is identified among
all such reports as making the largest such unrestricted
donor payment.
``(ii) Electioneering communications.--For purposes of this
paragraph, the `significant funder' with respect to an
electioneering communication paid for in whole or in part
with a payment which is treated as a disbursement by a
covered organization for campaign-related activity under
section 325, shall be determined as follows:
``(I) If any report filed by any organization with respect
to the electioneering communication under section 304 during
the 12-month period which ends on the date of the
disbursement includes information on any person who made a
payment to the organization in an amount equal to or
exceeding $100,000 which was designated by the person to be
used for campaign-related activity consisting of that
specific electioneering communication (as required to be
included in the report under section 304(f)(6)(A)(i)), the
person who is identified among all such reports as making the
largest such payment.
``(II) If any report filed by any organization with respect
to the electioneering communication under section 304 during
the 12-month period which ends on the date of the
disbursement includes information on any person who made a
payment to the organization in an amount equal to or
exceeding $100,000 which was designated by the person to be
used for campaign-related activity with respect to the same
election or in support of the same candidate (as required to
be included in the report under section 304(f)(6)(A)(i)) but
subclause (I) does not apply, the person who is identified
among all such reports as making the largest such payment.
``(III) If any report filed by any organization with
respect to the electioneering communication under section 304
during the 12-month period which ends on the date of the
disbursement includes information on any person who made a
payment to the organization in an amount equal to or
exceeding $10,000 which was provided for the purpose of being
used for campaign-related activity or in response to a
solicitation for funds to be used for campaign-related
activity (as required to be included in the report under
section 304(f)(6)(A)(i)) but subclause (I) or subclause (II)
does not apply, the person who is identified among all such
reports as making the largest such payment.
``(IV) If none of the reports filed by any organization
with respect to the electioneering communication under
section 304 during the 12-month period which ends on the date
of the disbursement includes information on any person who
made a payment to the organization in an amount equal to or
exceeding $10,000 which was provided for the purpose of being
used for campaign-related activity or in response to a
solicitation for funds to be used for campaign-related
activity, but any of such reports includes information on any
person who made an unrestricted donor payment to the
organization (as required to be included in the report under
section 304(f)(6)(A)(ii)) in an amount equal to or exceeding
$10,000, the person who is identified among all such reports
as making the largest such unrestricted donor payment.
``(5) Top 5 funders list described.--With respect to a
communication paid for in whole or in part with a payment
which is treated as a disbursement by a covered organization
for campaign-related activity under section 325, the Top 5
Funders list described in this paragraph is--
``(A) in the case of a disbursement for an independent
expenditure consisting of a public communication, a list of
the 5 persons (or, in the case of a communication transmitted
through radio, the 2 persons) who provided the largest
payments of any type in an aggregate amount equal to or
exceeding $10,000 which are required under section
304(g)(5)(A) to be included in the reports filed by any
organization with respect to that independent expenditure
under section 304 during the 12-month period which ends on
the date of the disbursement, together with the amount of the
payments each such person provided; or
``(B) in the case of a disbursement for an electioneering
communication, a list of the 5 persons (or, in the case of a
communication transmitted through radio, the 2 persons) who
provided the largest payments of any type in an aggregate
amount equal to or exceeding $10,000 which are required under
section 304(f)(6)(A) to be included in the reports filed by
any organization with respect to that electioneering
communication under section 304 during the 12-month period
which ends on the date of the disbursement, together with the
amount of the payments each such person provided.
``(6) Method of conveyance of statement.--
``(A) Communications transmitted through radio.--In the
case of a communication to which this subsection applies
which is transmitted through radio, the disclosure statements
required under paragraph (1) shall be made by audio by the
applicable individual in a clearly spoken manner.
``(B) Communications transmitted through television.--In
the case of a communication to which this subsection applies
which is transmitted through television, the information
required under paragraph (1)--
``(i) shall appear in writing at the end of the
communication in a clearly readable manner, with a reasonable
degree of color contrast between the background and the
printed statement, for a period of at least 6 seconds; and
``(ii) except in the case of a Top 5 Funders list described
in paragraph (5), shall also be conveyed by an unobscured,
full-screen view of the applicable individual, or by the
applicable individual making the statement in voice-over
accompanied by a clearly identifiable photograph or similar
image of the individual.
``(7) Application to certain pacs.--
``(A) Application.--This subsection shall apply with
respect to an electioneering communication, and to an
independent expenditure consisting of a public communication,
which is paid for in whole or in part with a payment by a
political committee described in subparagraph
(B) in the same manner as this subsection applies with
respect to an electioneering communication and an independent
expenditure consisting of a public communication which is
paid for in whole or in part with a payment which is treated
as a disbursement by a covered organization under section
325, except that--
``(i) in applying paragraph (4)(C), the `significant
funder' with respect to such an electioneering communication
or such an independent expenditure shall be the person who is
identified as providing the largest aggregate amount of
contributions, donations, or payments to the political
committee during the 12-month period which ends on the date
the committee made the disbursement for the electioneering
communication or independent expenditure (as determined on
the basis of the information contained in all reports filed
by the committee under section 304 during such period); and
``(ii) in applying paragraph (5), the ``Top 5 Funders list'
shall be a list of the 5 persons who are identified as
providing the largest aggregate amounts of contributions,
donations, or payments to the political committee during such
12-
[[Page H4815]]
month period (as determined on the basis of the information
contained in all such reports).
``(B) Political committee described.--A political committee
described in this subparagraph is a political committee which
receives or accepts contributions or donations which do not
comply with the contribution limits or source prohibitions of
this Act.''.
``(8) Applicable individual defined.--In this subsection,
the term `applicable individual' means, with respect to a
communication to which this paragraph applies--
``(A) if the communication is paid for by an individual or
if the significant funder of the communication under
paragraph (4) is an individual, the individual involved;
``(B) if the communication is paid for by a corporation or
if the significant funder of the communication under
paragraph (4) is a corporation, the chief executive officer
of the corporation (or, if the corporation does not have a
chief executive officer, the highest ranking official of the
corporation);
``(C) if the communication is paid for by a labor
organization or if the significant funder of the
communication under paragraph (4) is a labor organization,
the highest ranking officer of the labor organization; or
``(D) if the communication is paid for by any other person
or if the significant funder of the communication under
paragraph (4) is any other person, the highest ranking
official of such person.
``(9) Covered organization defined.--In this subsection,
the term `covered organization' means any of the following:
``(A) Any corporation which is subject to section 316(a),
other than a corporation which is an organization described
in paragraph (3) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such
Code.''.
``(B) Any labor organization (as defined in section 316).
``(C) Any organization described in paragraph (4), (5), or
(6) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code, other
than an exempt section 501(c)(4) organization (as defined in
section 301(27)).''.
``(D) Any political organization under section 527 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, other than a political
committee under this Act.
``(10) Other definitions.--In this subsection, the terms
`campaign-related activity' and `unrestricted donor payment'
have the meaning given such terms in section 325.''.
(3) Application to certain mass mailings.--Section
318(a)(3) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 441d(a)(3)) is amended to
read as follows:
``(3) if not authorized by a candidate, an authorized
political committee of a candidate, or its agents, shall
clearly state--
``(A) the name and permanent street address, telephone
number, or World Wide Web address of the person who paid for
the communication;
``(B) if the communication is an independent expenditure
consisting of a mass mailing (as defined in section 301(23))
which is paid for in whole or in part with a payment which is
treated as a disbursement by a covered organization for
campaign-related activity under section 325, or which is paid
for in whole or in part by a political committee described in
subsection (e)(7)(B), the name and permanent street address,
telephone number, or World Wide Web address of--
``(i) the significant funder of the communication, if any
(as determined in accordance with subsection (e)(4)(C)(i) or
(e)(7)(A)(i)); and
``(ii) each person who would be included in the Top 5
Funders list which would be submitted with respect to the
communication if the communication were transmitted through
television, if any (as determined in accordance with
subsection (e)(5)) or (e)(7)(A)(ii)); and
``(C) that the communication is not authorized by any
candidate or candidate's committee.''.
(4) Application to political robocalls.--Section 318 of
such Act (2 U.S.C. 441d), as amended by paragraph (2), is
further amended by adding at the end the following new
subsection:
``(f) Special Rules for Political Robocalls.--
``(1) Requiring communications to include certain
disclaimer statements.--Any communication consisting of a
political robocall which would be subject to the requirements
of subsection (e) if the communication were transmitted
through radio or television shall include the following:
``(A) The individual disclosure statement described in
subsection (e)(2) (if the person paying for the communication
is an individual) or the organizational disclosure statement
described in subsection (e)(3) (if the person paying for the
communication is not an individual).
``(B) If the communication is an electioneering
communication or an independent expenditure consisting of a
public communication and is paid for in whole or in part with
a payment which is treated as a disbursement by a covered
organization for campaign-related activity under section 325
or which is paid for in whole or in part by a political
committee described in subsection (e)(7)(B), the significant
funder disclosure statement described in subsection (e)(4) or
(e)(7) (if applicable).
``(2) Timing of certain statement.--The statements required
to be included under paragraph (1) shall be made at the
beginning of the political robocall, unless, on the basis of
criteria established in regulations promulgated by the
Commission, the communication is of such short duration that
including the statement in the communication would constitute
a hardship to the person paying for the communication by
requiring a disproportionate amount of the communication's
content to consist of the statement.''.
``(3) Political robocall defined.--In this subsection, the
term `political robocall' means any outbound telephone call--
``(A) in which a person is not available to speak with the
person answering the call, and the call instead plays a
recorded message; and
``(B) which promotes, supports, attacks, or opposes a
candidate for election for Federal office.''.
SEC. 215. INDEXING OF CERTAIN AMOUNTS.
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, as
amended by section 213, is amended by adding at the end the
following new section:
``SEC. 327. INDEXING OF CERTAIN AMOUNTS.
``(a) Indexing.--In any calendar year after 2010--
``(1) each of the amounts referred to in subsection (b)
shall be increased by the percent difference determined under
subparagraph (A) of section 315(c)(1), except that for
purposes of this paragraph, such percent difference shall be
determined as if the base year referred to in such
subparagraph were 2009;
``(2) each amount so increased shall remain in effect for
the calendar year; and
``(3) if any amunt after adjustment under paragraph (1) is
not a multiple of $100, such amount shall be rounded to the
nearest multiple of $100.
``(b) Amounts Described.--The amounts referred to in this
subsection are as follows:
``(1) The amount referred to in section 304(g)(5)(A)(i)(I).
``(2) The amount referred to in section
304(g)(5)(A)(ii)(I).
``(3) Each of the amounts referred to in section
304(g)(5)(A)(ii)(II).
``(4) The amount referred to in section
304(g)(5)(B)(ii)(I)(ee).
``(5) The amount referred to in section
304(g)(5)(B)(iii)(I).
``(6) The amount referred to in section 304(f)(6)(A)(i)(I).
``(7) The amount referred to in section
304(f)(6)(A)(ii)(I).
``(8) Each of the amounts referred to in section
304(f)(6)(A)(ii)(II).
``(9) The amount referred to in section
304(f)(6)(B)(ii)(I)(ee).
``(10) The amount referred to in section
304(f)(6)(B)(iii)(I).
``(11) The amount referred to in section 317(b).
``(12) Each of the amounts referred to in section
318(e)(4)(C).
``(13) The amount referred to in section
325(d)(2)(B)(i)(V).
``(14) The amount referred to in section
325(d)(2)(C)(i).''.
Subtitle C--Reporting Requirements for Registered Lobbyists
SEC. 221. REQUIRING REGISTERED LOBBYISTS TO REPORT
INFORMATION ON INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES AND
ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATIONS.
(a) In General.--Section 5(d)(1) of the Lobbying Disclosure
Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1604(d)(1)) is amended--
(1) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (F);
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (G) as subparagraph (I);
and
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (F) the following new
subparagraphs:
``(G) the amount of any independent expenditure (as defined
in section 301(17) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(17)) equal to or greater than $1,000 made
by such person or organization, and for each such expenditure
the name of each candidate being supported or opposed and the
amount spent supporting or opposing each such candidate;
``(H) the amount of any electioneering communication (as
defined in section 304(f)(3) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 434(f)(3))
equal to or greater than $1,000 made by such person or
organization, and for each such communication the name of the
candidate referred to in the communication; and''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section
shall apply with respect to reports for semiannual periods
described in section 5(d)(1) of the Lobbying Disclosure Act
of 1995 that begin after the date of the enactment of this
Act.
TITLE III--DISCLOSURE BY COVERED ORGANIZATIONS OF INFORMATION ON
CAMPAIGN-RELATED ACTIVITY
SEC. 301. REQUIRING DISCLOSURE BY COVERED ORGANIZATIONS OF
INFORMATION ON CAMPAIGN-RELATED ACTIVITY.
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2
U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by section 215, is amended by
adding at the end the following new section:
``SEC. 328. DISCLOSURES BY COVERED ORGANIZATIONS TO
SHAREHOLDERS, MEMBERS, AND DONORS OF
INFORMATION ON DISBURSEMENTS FOR CAMPAIGN-
RELATED ACTIVITY.
``(a) Including Information in Regular Periodic Reports.--
``(1) In general.--A covered organization which submits
regular, periodic reports to its shareholders, members, or
donors on its finances or activities shall include in each
such report the information described in paragraph (2) with
respect to the disbursements made by the organization for
campaign-related activity during the period covered by the
report.
``(2) Information described.--The information described in
this paragraph is, for each disbursement for campaign-related
activity--
``(A) the date of the independent expenditure or
electioneering communication involved;
``(B) the amount of the independent expenditure or
electioneering communication involved;
``(C) the name of the candidate identified in the
independent expenditure or electioneering communication
involved and the office sought by the candidate;
``(D) in the case of a transfer of funds to another person,
the information required by subparagraphs (A) through (C), as
well as the name
[[Page H4816]]
of the recipient of the funds and the date and amount of the
funds transferred;
``(E) the source of such funds; and
``(F) such other information as the Commission determines
is appropriate to further the purposes of this subsection.
``(b) Hyperlink to Information Included in Reports Filed
With Commission.--
``(1) Requiring posting of hyperlink.--If a covered
organization maintains an Internet site, the organization
shall post on such Internet site a hyperlink from its
homepage to the location on the Internet site of the
Commission which contains the following information:
``(A) The information the organization is required to
report under section 304(g)(5)(A) with respect to public
independent expenditures.
``(B) The information the organization is required to
include in a statement of disbursements for electioneering
communications under section 304(f)(6).
``(2) Deadline; duration of posting.--The covered
organization shall post the hyperlink described in paragraph
(1) not later than 24 hours after the Commission posts the
information described in such paragraph on the Internet site
of the Commission, and shall ensure that the hyperlink
remains on the Internet site of the covered organization
until the expiration of the 1-year period which begins on the
date of the election with respect to which the public
independent expenditures or electioneering communications are
made.
``(c) Covered Organization Defined.--In this section, the
term `covered organization' means any of the following:
``(1) Any corporation which is subject to section 316(a),
other than a corporation which is an organization described
in paragraph (3) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such
Code.''.
``(2) Any labor organization (as defined in section 316).
``(3) Any organization described in paragraph (4), (5), or
(6) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code, other
than an exempt section 501(c)(4) organization (as defined in
section 301(27)).
``(4) Any political organization under section 527 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, other than a political
committee under this Act.''.
TITLE IV--OTHER PROVISIONS
SEC. 401. JUDICIAL REVIEW.
(a) Special Rules for Actions Brought on Constitutional
Grounds.--If any action is brought for declaratory or
injunctive relief to challenge the constitutionality of any
provision of this Act or any amendment made by this Act, the
following rules shall apply:
(1) The action shall be filed in the United States District
Court for the District of Columbia, and an appeal from a
decision of the District Court may be taken to the Court of
Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
(2) A copy of the complaint shall be delivered promptly to
the Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary
of the Senate.
(b) Intervention by Members of Congress.--In any action in
which the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or
any amendment made by this Act is raised, any member of the
House of Representatives (including a Delegate or Resident
Commissioner to the Congress) or Senate who satisfies the
requirements for standing under Article III of the
constitution shall have the right to intervene either in
support of or opposition to the position of a party to the
case regarding the constitutionality of the provision or
amendment. To avoid duplication of efforts and reduce the
burdens placed on the parties to the action, the court in any
such action may make such orders as it considers necessary,
including orders to require intervenors taking similar
positions to file joint papers or to be represented by a
single attorney at oral argument.
(c) Challenge by Members of Congress.--Any Member of the
House of Representatives (including a Delegate or Resident
Commissioner to the Congress) or Senate may bring an action,
subject to the special rules described in subsection (a), for
declaratory or injunctive relief to challenge the
constitutionality of any provision of this Act or any
amendment made by this Act.
SEC. 402. NO EFFECT ON PROTECTIONS AGAINST THREATS,
HARASSMENTS, AND REPRISALS.
Nothing in this Act or in any amendment made by this Act
shall be construed to affect any provision of law or any rule
or regulation which waives a requirement to disclose
information relating to any person in any case in which there
is a reasonable probability that the disclosure of the
information would subject the person to threats, harassments,
or reprisals.
SEC. 403. SEVERABILITY.
If any provision of this Act or amendment made by this Act,
or the application of a provision or amendment to any person
or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the
remainder of this Act and amendments made by this Act, and
the application of the provisions and amendment to any person
or circumstance, shall not be affected by the holding.
SEC. 404. EFFECTIVE DATE.
Except as otherwise provided, this Act and the amendments
made by this Act shall take effect upon the expiration of the
30-day period which begins on the date of the enactment of
this Act, and shall take effect without regard to whether or
not the Federal Election Commission has promulgated
regulations to carry out such amendments.
The CHAIR. No further amendment to the bill, as amended, is in order
except those printed in part B of the report. Each further amendment
may be offered only in the order printed in the report, by a Member
designated in the report, shall be considered read, shall be debatable
for the time specified in the report equally divided and controlled by
the proponent and an opponent, shall not be subject to amendment, and
shall not be subject to a demand for division of the question.
Amendment No. 1 Offered by Mr. Ackerman
The CHAIR. It is now in order to consider amendment No. 1 printed in
part B of House Report 111-511.
Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I have an amendment at the desk.
The CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment.
The text of the amendment is as follows:
Page 85, line 10, strike ``such report'' and insert ``such
report, in a clear and conspicuous manner,''.
The CHAIR. Pursuant to House Resolution 1468, the gentleman from New
York (Mr. Ackerman) and a Member opposed each will control 5 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from New York.
Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in strong support of the DISCLOSE
Act and offer a very simple but also very important amendment which
simply adds the words ``clear and conspicuous'' as a requirement to the
disclosures that covered organizations are required to submit to
shareholders, members, or donors under the bill.
In the wake of the Supreme Court's ruling in Citizens United,
corporations now have a First Amendment right to spend millions or even
billions of dollars of shareholder money to defeat or support
candidates for public political office. While this ruling is now United
States law, the DISCLOSE Act takes the appropriate step of mandating
that corporations tell their shareholders how they're using the money.
After all, investors in a company have a right to know how their
company is using their money. But the underlying bill fails to ensure
that these corporate disclosures are made clearly and understandably or
that they are printed in such a way that allows shareholders to see
them.
Mr. Chairman, Congress has insisted on disclosure requirements for
corporations before, and anyone who receives a credit card offer knows
that this is what we get--tiny, unreadable text in 5-point font. Even
if you could read it, which you can't without a magnifying glass, you
would have to have degrees in law or advanced mathematics to be able to
understand it.
The central theme of the DISCLOSE Act is empowering American
investors by mandating that companies disclose their political
expenditures. My amendment very simply imposes and adds the words
``clear and conspicuous'' as a requirement for all organizations
covered under the bill so that American investors have a chance to
actually see and understand those disclosures. As Congress takes the
very reasonable approach of mandating corporate disclosures of
political expenditures, we must ensure that corporations present that
information clearly and understandably to all of their shareholders.
I thank the Rules Committee for making my very straightforward,
commonsense amendment in order.
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, I rise in
opposition to the amendment.
The CHAIR. The gentleman from California is recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Ackerman's amendment is an
interesting amendment because, among other things, it was allowed to be
considered on this floor, while any amendment offered by any Republican
Member on the committee of jurisdiction was disallowed. We had, on our
side, several amendments which would make it clear that the disclosure
requirements in this bill are required equally of unions as of
corporations.
As I listened carefully to Mr. Ackerman's statement concerning his
amendment, I noticed he referred only to corporations and to the
obligation of corporations to make reports to their shareholders. There
was not a single mention of the responsibility of unions to inform
their members of how they spend their money in a political way in a
``clear and conspicuous'' manner.
He said his amendment is fairly straightforward, almost as if it's
unnecessary or so obvious. And yet that amendment was allowed to be in
order, but one that would make it clear that
[[Page H4817]]
his ``clear and conspicuous'' requirement and every other requirement
of disclosure contained in this law which would affect corporations of
all types--and remember, I'm talking about not just for-profit
corporations but corporations of any type--would equally apply to the
unions was not allowed. And so the gentleman has made the case that we
have been making all along: This bill does not, in fact, treat unions
the same as it does other organizations, many of whom, as I say, have a
corporate structure but they would not be identified by the average
person as a corporation. They'd be identified as an advocacy
organization.
And so, once again, we see in this amendment an attempt to unbalance
the playing field by ensuring that a particular obligation that may be
an appropriate obligation with respect to corporations is not placed on
unions, once again. And, for that reason, I would have to oppose the
gentleman's amendment. But we can't have time to discuss whether unions
ought to be dealt with.
The argument that the potential corruption is there with contractors
would certainly be there with representatives of union member public
employees. I'm not saying they're corrupt. What I am saying is the
legal analysis is the same. I don't think my friends on the other side
of the aisle would suggest that every corporation is corrupt, but it is
because of the possibilities of corruption that we're allowed, under
the Supreme Court's interpretation of the First Amendment, to have
these kinds of disclosure requirements.
All I'm saying is, once again, the gentleman's amendment proves the
point we've been trying to make on the floor. This bill does not fairly
treat everybody. There are those that are favored by the majority and
there's the rest of the world. Those favored by the majority get
special treatment. Those not favored by the majority do not get that
special treatment. It will render this bill unconstitutional, as it
should.
With that, I yield back the balance of my time.
Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Chairman, the purpose of this bill, as I understand
it, is for transparency and for people to understand what's happening
out there as people spend lots of money--other people's money, very
often--to advocate for or against candidates. In the case of unions,
unions are very transparent in who they're supporting and who they're
not supporting when they decide to take that kind of action. Union
members pay voluntarily with their dues money, and the unions disclose
who they are and who they're supporting.
People who invest in corporations, presumably for the purpose of
investing money and furthering America's economic and their own
economic interest, have a right to know how those corporations are
spending their money that they thought was being invested for the
purpose of capitalism and free enterprise rather than to be diverted
into anybody's personal political agendas. Unions do that because their
members vote; corporations do not. And I would have no idea of a
corporation that I may invest in, whether they're spending my initial
investment money to work against my interests or even your interests--
or for them, for that matter. This is just to let people know.
The second point, the amendment that I offer covers every
organization that is covered under the bill equally.
I yield back the balance of my time.
{time} 1400
The CHAIR. The question is on the amendment offered by the gentleman
from New York (Mr. Ackerman).
The amendment was agreed to.
Amendment No. 2 Offered by Mr. King of Iowa
The Acting CHAIR (Mr. Serrano). It is now in order to consider
amendment No. 2 printed in part B of House Report 111-511.
Mr. KING of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, I have an amendment at the desk.
The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment.
The text of the amendment is as follows:
Add at the end of title I the following new section:
SEC. 106. REMOVAL OF LIMITATIONS ON FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN
CONTRIBUTIONS.
Section 315(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
(2 U.S.C. 441a(a)) is amended by adding at the end the
following new paragraph:
``(9) The limitations established under this subsection
shall not apply to contributions made during calendar years
beginning after 2009.''.
The Acting CHAIR. Pursuant to House Resolution 1468, the gentleman
from Iowa (Mr. King) and a Member opposed each will control 5 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Iowa.
Mr. KING of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, my amendment is simple in its
language and is perhaps a little more complicated when one starts to
understand all the freedom that would be exercised, should my amendment
become law. And it simply does this: my amendment eliminates--it
strikes all limitations on Federal election campaign contributions. It
takes out the $2,000 limit, the $5,000 limit, all of the limits set
there because it reverts us back to the constitutional principle that
contributions to campaigns are free speech, funding is free speech. And
to limit our ability as individual Americans with constitutional
rights, to make contributions to political campaigns is an
unconstitutional limitation.
And by the way, to react to a Supreme Court decision by bringing a
piece of legislation like this, which is an immediate and exactly a
reaction to the Citizens United case, I think tells America where this
Congress would like to go in limiting the constitutional rights of the
people in this country. I am for reestablishing those rights to the
maximum amount. That's what this allows, the individuals and the
corporations that choose to donate.
We don't touch anything that has to do with disclosure. I am for full
disclosure. I am for sunshine. And I think the American people and the
voters can discern where they want to place their vote and where they
want to place their political contributions if we just allow for the
disclosure. But the limitations are unconstitutional limitations, and
this amendment simply strikes all of those limitations that are in
statute that are unconstitutional, Mr. Chairman.
I reserve the balance of my time.
Ms. ZOE LOFGREN of California. I claim the time in opposition.
The Acting CHAIR. The gentlewoman is recognized for 5 minutes.
Ms. ZOE LOFGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, Representative King's
amendment would, as he has indicated, eliminate all limitations on
Federal election campaign contributions, corporations and unions.
Individuals could donate unlimited amounts of money to candidates,
political parties, and committees. I think this is a fairly cynical
amendment designed to undermine all support for additional disclosure
and reasonable regulation.
Since the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 was first challenged,
the Supreme Court has always upheld reasonable contribution limits to
candidates and political parties, and they did so as a reasonable means
to prevent corruption. Even the Citizens United decision itself did not
question the Federal Election Campaign Act's limits on direct
contributions to candidates, and they reaffirmed that the Court was
concerned that large contributions could be given to secure a political
quid pro quo.
I quote the Court decision where they refer favorably to the Buckley
court: ``Nevertheless, sustained limits on direct contributions in
order to ensure against the reality or appearance of corruption.'' That
case did not extend the rationale to independent expenditures, and the
Court didn't do so in Citizens United. But it did quote the Buckley
court favorably on the limitation of expenditures when it came to
candidates or political parties.
Money has a corrosive effect on the electoral process, and
eliminating campaign limits would start a political arms war.
Candidates have to raise millions of dollars to run competitive
campaigns; and if Mr. King's amendment passes, candidates are going to
turn to wealthy donors, special interests, corporations to get their
money, and the voices of average Americans will not be heard. If this
amendment is passed, the voices of the American people will be drowned
out by wealthy corporations and other interest groups. This isn't what
we should do. It's not what the Court suggested we do. And I would urge
that we oppose the King amendment.
[[Page H4818]]
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. KING of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may
consume.
I would make a point in response to the remarks of the gentlelady
from California that--and of course my recollection of the Citizens
United case is that they didn't challenge those constitutional limits.
There may have been a comment in the decision, but I don't believe they
challenged them before the Court.
And I would add to this that to put arbitrary limits on PAC
contributions at $5,000, and let inflation then over time render those
contributions to be of minimal value, even though they've indexed
individual contributions to increase supposedly with inflation,
distorts the balance that they tried to create in the very legislation
itself. It shows what's wrong with contribution limits.
Additionally, we just need full disclosure. We have that disclosure.
But what's happening is, people like George Soros are pouring money
into their entities and their organizations. Their voice is heard.
They're not limited. They're exactly advantaged by the current scenario
that we have. If we eliminate the limits, what we're able to do then is
hold the candidates accountable for the expenditure of those dollars
and directly analyze the positions of the candidates and their
contributors. This way it's distorted.
The real sunlight is to require the candidates to report when they do
that reporting. Then we'll be able to evaluate their positions rather
than having that money laundered through, or I'll say diffused through,
a whole series of entities that are structured out there, like 527s,
for example, that have added to the acrimony of our campaigns, and
they've diminished the honesty that we have in our elections.
Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.
Ms. ZOE LOFGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, I would like to note,
going back again to the Court decision, that although the Citizens
United case did not attack--it was not about the constraint on
individual contributions to candidates--the Court did, as I mentioned
to you earlier and quoted, reference favorably the Buckley court,
sustaining the constitutionality of those constraints.
It's worth noting that the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 has
been the law for nearly 40 years. It's 39 years. It's helped clean up
the role of money in politics. It's been improved over the years. I
mentioned earlier under general debate the case of how much is spent in
any given year; and I used the example 2008, the last big election,
where 435 Members of Congress spent about $840 million. That's the
equivalent of 1 percent of the profits of Exxon-Mobil for 1 year.
What Mr. King's amendment would allow would be for an oil corporation
Member of Congress to go to the oil corporation and say, Write me a
check that's half a percent of your profit; and that would be legal.
That's not what we want in America. We don't want corporations pouring
money into individual campaigns, disclosed or not. That's going to
drown out the voices of regular Americans. It's not what the law
permits today. The Court decision does not ask us to change the law,
and I would urge that we defeat Mr. King's amendment.
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. KING of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may
consume.
Of course I disagree with the gentlelady from California. We need to
allow these contributions to go into the campaign accounts rather than
be laundered through a whole series of entities that are set up to
diffuse and confuse the actual source of the voice. And the distortion
that comes with this--it may be that this has been law for 41 years.
But Citizens United, the ink is barely dry, and the Democrats are here
on the floor seeking to gain a legislative advantage when the Supreme
Court has said, Give the people an opportunity to have their voice
heard in the elections.
{time} 1410
Even so far as in the underlying bill, this bill requires CEOs of
organizations to appear in the ads and state their name and
organization two different times. CEOs. The President of the United
States himself said: I don't want to talk to the CEOs; they'll just
tell me what they want me to hear.
So now we are legislating, telling the CEOs what they have to say
twice in an ad. I don't know how we can afford to buy commercials and
ads to run in a political campaign if our CEOs have to spend all of
their time in them. And especially when the President says he doesn't
want to listen to the CEOs. I think it is an ironic situation that we
have.
I want to eliminate the limits. That is what my amendment does. It
strikes all of the limits that are there in the current statute, 441(a)
limitations on contributions and expenditures, a dollar limitation of
the contributions, strikes them all, and it leaves all of the reporting
intact so that the people in the country can make that determination
that it is not constricted by amounts that are unnecessarily plugged
into this legislation, and it lets people in America have a full-
throated vote of liberty when they go to the polls to decide who they
want to direct the destiny of the United States of America here in the
United States Congress.
I yield to the gentleman from California (Mr. Daniel E. Lungren).
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I would just point out that
441(b) is the section that prohibits corporate contributions. So the
gentleman's amendment does not do what the gentlelady from California
said, which would allow corporations to give contributions.
Ms. ZOE LOFGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, I urge opposition to the
amendment. From the gentleman's comments, he favors disclosure. I hope,
therefore, he votes for the DISCLOSE Act. But we didn't need to open
the door to unlimited funds by corporations to candidates. We know it
will be sleazy. In order to get disclosure, vote ``no'' on the King
amendment and ``yes'' on the DISCLOSE Act.
I yield back the balance of my time.
The Acting CHAIR. The question is on the amendment offered by the
gentleman from Iowa (Mr. King).
The question was taken; and the Acting Chair announced that the noes
appeared to have it.
Mr. KING of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, I demand a recorded vote.
The Acting CHAIR. Pursuant to clause 6 of rule XVIII, further
proceedings on the amendment offered by the gentleman from Iowa will be
postponed.
Amendment No. 3 Offered by Mr. Kucinich
The Acting CHAIR. It is now in order to consider amendment No. 3
printed in part B of House Report 111-511.
Mr. KUCINICH. Mr. Chairman, I rise to offer an amendment to the
DISCLOSE Act.
The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment.
The text of the amendment is as follows:
Page 15, insert after line 15 the following:
(c) Application to Persons Holding Leases for Drilling in
Outer Continental Shelf.--Section 317(a) of such Act (2
U.S.C. 441c(a)) is amended--
(1) by striking ``or'' at the end of paragraph (1);
(2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following new
paragraph:
``(2) who enters into negotiations for a lease for
exploration for, and development and production of, oil and
gas under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C.
1331 et seq.), during the period--
``(A) beginning on the later of the commencement of the
negotiations or the date of the enactment of the Democracy is
Strengthened by Casting Light on Spending in Elections Act;
and
``(B) ending with the later of the termination of such
negotiations or the termination of such lease;
directly or indirectly to make any contribution of money or
other things of value, or to promise expressly or impliedly
to make any such contribution to any political party,
committee, or candidate for public office or to any person
for any political purpose or use, to make any independent
expenditure, or to disburse any funds for an electioneering
communication; or''.
Page 15, line 16, strike ``(c)'' and insert ``(d)''.
The Acting CHAIR. Pursuant to House Resolution 1468, the gentleman
from Ohio (Mr. Kucinich) and a Member opposed each will control 5
minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Ohio.
Mr. KUCINICH. Mr. Chairman, the underlying bill would extend an
existing ban on campaign contributions by
[[Page H4819]]
government contractors to also include independent expenditures and
electioneering communications by contractors.
My amendment would clarify that this provision applies to companies
with leases with the Federal Government allowing them to drill for oil
and gas in the Outer Continental Shelf. If we ever needed a stark
reminder of one of the many problems that arise from our addiction to
oil, we have it now, as many as a half-million gallons of oil is
erupting from an underwater volcano of oil into one of the most fragile
ecosystems on Earth every single day from the Deepwater Horizon
drilling site alone.
This disaster was preventable. We had a warning of the consequences
of our dependence on oil in the 1970s; we ignored it. We could have
built upon the increased awareness to continue on a path of weaning
ourselves off oil, but we squandered it. There can be no doubt that the
oil industry has strategically and brilliantly used its powerful
influence to maintain or even worsen the addiction.
They are not entirely to blame, though. Blame does rest with Congress
for being addicted to oil company contributions. We have to begin to
break the addiction and do it now. According to opensecrets.org, the
oil and gas industry has given close to a quarter-of-a-billion dollars
to candidates and parties since the 1990 election cycle. In the 2008
cycle alone, the oil and gas industry donated $36 million. In the 2010
cycle, they are on track to exceed that with $13 million donated so
far. The mere perception of undue influence by the companies whose
products are so profoundly destructive to our water, air, and health is
toxic to our democracy.
Mr. Chairman, I am urging a ``yes'' vote for the Kucinich amendment
that relates to the Outer Continental Shelf leaseholder status.
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, I rise to claim
the time in opposition.
The Acting CHAIR. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Well, here we go again, Mr.
Chairman. Let's make sure this bill is unconstitutional. Why not just
tear up the First Amendment right here in front of everybody so they
know what we are doing?
The court has said you cannot establish disfavored groups over
favored group. The gentleman has just expressed, perhaps an
appropriately conditioned animus, toward those who are engaged in
offshore drilling. So we are going to say they, those corporations,
because they engage in offshore drilling, with leases, cannot
participate in the political process in the way anybody else can. Now,
he doesn't do it with leases for those who are on shore. He doesn't do
it for those who have mineral leases on U.S. land.
So what is the justification? The justification can't be what the
gentleman just said in terms of the fragile ecological infrastructure.
That is not the legal basis for which you can make a distinction. It
is, why is the group that you are saying is singled out for this
special treatment uniquely involved in corruption or the appearance of
corruption, as opposed to all other groups similarly situated?
And the gentleman, instead of arguing that point, talks about this
terrible tragedy in the gulf, about which we all agree, but then says
that is the basis for creating this distinction under the narrow
allowance the Supreme Court has articulated over really two centuries
of jurisprudence.
And so what we are doing here is, we are finding what disfavored
group do we have today, and let us treat them differently than
everybody else; not in terms of whether they can negotiate for
contract, but whether they can be involved in political speech as
identified by the Supreme Court in their decision interpreting the
First Amendment.
Now, I realize that many on that side of the aisle love to refer to,
I guess, a movie called ``The Inconvenient Truth,'' but the true
inconvenient truth in this body today is the First Amendment. The
Constitution is inconvenient. There are things that you wish you could
do but you are not allowed to do. And the fact of the matter is once
again I find it incredible that my friend from Ohio would be fearful of
robust debate and rather would say, well, this is an area in which we
can refuse to allow debate. I mean, that is basically what the court
has said to us. They said the cure for bad speech, intemperate speech,
dishonest speech, speech we don't like, is not to somehow suppress that
speech, but to allow more speech. To allow greater robust debate. And
that's the tragedy here; we are confined by a rule that allows very few
amendments, confined by a rule that limits debate about that great
Constitution which enhances the idea of robust debate.
{time} 1420
So, once again, we are seeking to have an amendment adopted here
which will move in the direction of less debate rather than more
debate, create favored groups versus disfavored groups, give an
advantage to some over the others rather than say let's have an equal
playing field and make sure that everybody has the opportunity to be
heard.
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. KUCINICH. I ask the Chair how much time is remaining.
The Acting CHAIR. The gentleman from California has 1 minute
remaining. The gentleman from Ohio has 3 minutes remaining.
Mr. KUCINICH. I yield myself 1 minute.
I would let my friend from California know that there is no First
Amendment right to drill for oil and gas in the Outer Continental
Shelf. There is no constitutional right that anyone has to a government
contract. This provision relates to the Outer Continental Shelf leases,
and not all oil and gas leases, because these leases in the Outer
Continental Shelf are inherently more dangerous, more risky. It's
especially true as we have seen with deepwater drilling. It's true of
all drilling in the Outer Continental Shelf. These spills are
impossible to clean up.
We are still living with the effects of the Valdez catastrophe. We
will be living with the effects of the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe
for generations. We are not just talking about mopping up the shores
and spreading toxic dispersants and then everyone goes home happy. This
oil is going to be in the water column, on the sea floor for a very
long time, ramifications for our delicate ecosystem, forcing a lot of
persistent toxic compounds like metals into our food supply. These oil
companies could conceivably intervene in our political process, using
money that they are getting from leases with the Federal Government to
place our environment at further risk.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I yield myself the balance of my
time.
Mr. Chairman, once again, the gentleman's response is off the target.
If you want to ban offshore oil drilling, ban offshore oil drilling,
but you are trying to ban speech. The idea is to cap the well, not cap
speech. The idea here is to honor the First Amendment, not tear it up.
The idea is not to use to your advantage a tragedy of enormous
proportions to somehow render asunder the First Amendment.
We are talking about debate. We are talking about speech. We are not
talking about whether they can drill or not. The gentleman from Ohio
has been one of those who has expressed himself with controversial at
times and disfavored positions, and yet he honors this House by being
here and arguing his position. I am surprised that someone who has been
so proud of his ability to speak out on controversial issues would want
to deny others the opportunity.
This has nothing to do with drilling in the gulf. It has everything
to do with selecting disfavored groups, which is something the
Constitution does not allow us to do. Let's not tear up the
Constitution as the environment is torn up by an offshore drilling
mess.
Mr. KUCINICH. I yield myself the balance of my time.
To my good friend from California, the Buckley v. Valeo decision
equated money with free speech. The oil and gas industry, over a period
of 20 years, has contributed close to a quarter of a billion dollars to
the political process. There is no question of the influence they have
had. There is no question of the incestuous relationship between the
oil industry and the regulators which led us to this deepwater drilling
catastrophe.
[[Page H4820]]
What this legislation aims at doing is curbing the influence of these
oil companies on our political process so they can't get a lease, use
the revenue from that lease, put it back in the political process, and
ka-ching, ka-ching, ka-ching. We can't let the oil companies do that
anymore. We have to protect our government here; we have to protect the
Constitution of the United States, and we can't give them the ability
to usurp the Constitution, trying to do it in the name of free speech.
I would like to conclude by saying this: The language that is in this
amendment is the same language as that for TARP recipients, so there is
nothing special about the language. It's the same one for TARP
recipients, saying that someone that gets Federal money, they shouldn't
be able to use their position to go back to the government and get
people elected who are going to give them more money.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. KUCINICH. I yield to my good friend.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. The difference between TARP and
this is that recipients of TARP get money. In this case, these people
get leases, which allow them to pay money to the Federal Government.
It's just the opposite.
Mr. KUCINICH. I thank the gentleman.
Reclaiming my time, the oil companies, let us stipulate, are not
eleemosynary or charitable organizations. They make huge profits at the
expense of the taxpayers. And they are making even more profit because
the fact of the matter is we now have to monetize the cost of all the
pollution that's coming out of the gulf. No matter what BP pays, we
will be paying for generations to come.
Support the Kucinich amendment.
The Acting CHAIR. The question is on the amendment offered by the
gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Kucinich).
The amendment was agreed to.
Amendment No. 4 Offered by Mr. Pascrell
The Acting CHAIR. It is now in order to consider amendment No. 4
printed in part B of House Report 111-511.
Mr. PASCRELL. I present an amendment to this legislation.
The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment.
The text of the amendment is as follows:
In section 319(b)(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971, as proposed to be added by section 102(a) of the
bill, strike subparagraph (A) and insert the following:
``(A) in which a foreign national described in paragraph
(1) or (2) directly or indirectly owns or controls--
``(i) 5 percent or more of the voting shares, if the
foreign national is a foreign country, a foreign government
official, or a corporation principally owned or controlled by
a foreign country or foreign government official; or
``(ii) 20 percent or more of the voting shares, if the
foreign national is not described in clause (i);
``(B) in which two or more foreign nationals described in
paragraph (1) or (2), each of whom owns or controls at least
5 percent of the voting shares, directly or indirectly own or
control 50 percent or more of the voting shares;''.
The Acting CHAIR. Pursuant to House Resolution 1468, the gentleman
from New Jersey (Mr. Pascrell) and a Member opposed each will control 5
minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from New Jersey.
Mr. PASCRELL. I yield myself 2 minutes.
The DISCLOSE Act is an important piece of legislation. I want to
commend Mr. Van Hollen, Chairman Brady, and their staff. I also want to
thank Mr. Perriello and Mr. Grayson for working with me on this
important amendment.
One of the most troubling aspects of the Citizens United decision was
the opening of a loophole that could allow multinational corporations
with significant foreign ownership to spend prolifically in American
elections. Who in God's name would want to have foreign governments
involved investing in our elections? The DISCLOSE Act, as written,
attempts to limit the ability of foreign nationals to launder their
cash through these domestic corporations by imposing limitations on
foreign ownership, foreign membership on corporate boards, and
executive power.
This amendment would strengthen this provision in two important ways.
My amendment lowers the allowable foreign ownership percentage from 20
percent to 5 percent when the foreign owner is a foreign government,
foreign government official, or foreign government-controlled company
like a sovereign wealth fund. I believe it is important to draw this
distinction between the average foreign citizen and foreign governments
who could seek to exploit this loophole to influence our elections
based on the policies of their governments and not the citizens of our
country.
The second provision of my amendment would close a potential loophole
that could allow a majority foreign-owned corporation to continue to
make political expenditures so long as no single shareholder owns more
than 20 percent of the company. My amendment would prohibit
expenditures by corporations who have a majority of their shares owned
by foreign nationals even if no single shareholder meets the 20 percent
threshold.
I believe this is an important amendment. These commonsense
provisions will ensure strong protections for our elections from
unprecedented foreign influence and spending.
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, I rise to claim
the time in opposition.
The Acting CHAIR. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I believe the gentleman said at
the very end of his comments that his amendment was necessary if the
shares owned by foreign nationals added up to over 20 percent. I
believe that is a reasonable interpretation of the bill as it stands
and not that it would have to be an individual organization that had 20
percent.
Mr. Chairman, once again, you can see the selective nature of the
amendments that are allowed. We offered to present a number of
amendments which would even the playing field between unions and
corporations, and it was rejected outright both in the committee and
before the Rules Committee.
{time} 1430
They said it would be too hard for unions to be able to determine who
their membership is, that is, the nationality of their members, so they
wouldn't be able to determine whether over 20 percent of the union were
individuals who were not American citizens, that is, foreign nationals.
And it's just again, Mr. Chairman, a continued example of how this bill
is not evenhanded.
There are at least five provisions under this bill which treat unions
differently than corporations and, again I say, not just for-profit
corporations. We're talking about corporations. Many advocacy groups
have a corporate structure, and so they are treated differently than
unions. This has been recognized by any number of individuals. I've
already read into the Record the serious disability with this bill, and
this amendment continues that disability as expressed by the American
Civil Liberties Union.
Another letter dated May 19, 2010, signed by eight former members of
the FEC going back to the beginning of that commission's existence,
talks about how the act abandons the historical matching treatment of
unions and corporations, and they say that this will in itself cause a
substantial portion of the public to doubt the law's fairness and
impartiality.
So once again, Mr. Chairman, we have an example of where we have
disparate treatment depending on whether you happen to be members of a
favored class or otherwise.
I offered amendments in the full committee to try and really define
very well what we meant by foreign interests. In fact, we actually
replicated current law, making it sure, making it absolutely sure that
if you were a corporate structure that was dominated by foreign
interests, you could not participate in this way to make decisions. If
you were a U.S. wholly-owned subsidiary of a foreign corporation, only
moneys that were made in the United States and decisions made by
American nationals would allow for any kind of participation in the
political process as viewed and anticipated by this law and by the
decision by the Supreme Court.
So once again, Mr. Chairman, I just say and somewhat--I don't know--I
lament, I guess, the fact that we while we're talking about free speech
and
[[Page H4821]]
we're talking about influence, undue or otherwise, we have another
example on this floor of a denial of Members' consideration of
amendments that would make this a fair, balanced, evenhanded bill.
I would hope that when we're dealing with the First Amendment at
least there the majority would grant us the ability of fair treatment;
at least there the majority might say we have enough time in this body
to discuss things because, you know, the Constitution's pretty
important and so is the First Amendment. But I've heard criticism after
criticism on this floor of the U.S. Supreme Court decision which
doesn't match what was in the Court decision, and all I can say is
either Members on the other side haven't read the decision or they seek
not to repeat what's actually in the decision because I've heard on
this floor talk about how that decision allowed foreign countries and
foreign-dominated companies to now be directly involved in political
processes. That's just not true. They didn't change the other
underlying law.
So Mr. Pascrell's amendment continues in that same direction.
The Acting CHAIR. The time of the gentleman has expired.
Mr. PASCRELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield 10 seconds to the majority leader,
Mr. Hoyer.
Mr. HOYER. I thank my friend for yielding, and I rise in strong
support of this piece of legislation.
For more than a century, Mr. Chairman, America has limited the role
of private money in public elections. We've done so because we believe
that huge sums of money from unknown sources, from unknown sources--I
reference that and emphasize it because I'm going to refer to it in
some comments of our Republican leadership in years past regarding
money from unknown sources--dominates elections; and especially when it
does so in the dark, the interests of ordinary citizens are too often
the victim.
America's work toward open and fair elections has been, as it has
been in every country, imperfect but better here than almost anyplace
in the world; but it took a severe blow this winter when the Supreme
Court voted in the Citizens United case to overturn longstanding
precedent, allowing corporations and unions to spend unlimited amounts
of their treasury funds--not of private unions that their employees
contributed, which I support, but their corporate funds and their union
treasury funds--in unrestrained fashion to influence elections
directly.
The gentleman who is my friend, former Attorney General of the State
of California and a good friend of mine--we've served together for a
long time--says correctly that we do not want to limit free speech. I
agree with that. The First Amendment is one of the sacred amendments
that our Founding Fathers adopted to make our country not only unique
but one of the freest countries the world has ever seen.
But without transparency, without knowing the source of the speech
that you hear, without having the ability to analyze who is telling me
that this is good or this is bad, what is the source of the interest
that is saying that this legislation is bad or this legislation is
good--obviously all of us have said from time to time, Consider the
source. We all say that. When somebody who we know doesn't like A or
doesn't like B says something bad about A or B, we say, Consider the
source. But if we don't know the source, we can't consider the source,
and if we can't consider the source, we do not know the validity of the
information that is transmitted to us.
That is the key to this legislation. That is the essence of what
we're saying, not that a corporation or a union can't try to influence
the American public to support a candidate or a proposition that it
believes to be in its best interest. That's the American way. What we
are saying, however, is that given the Supreme Court's decision, that
we ought to make sure that citizens know who's talking to them;
otherwise they will not have the ability to make a judgment on the
credibility of the information they are receiving.
Now, as I said a little earlier, that is a goal that many of my
colleagues, including my Republican colleagues, have supported in the
past. My friend Eric Cantor, who is the minority whip, said this:
``Anything that moves us back towards that notion of transparency and
real-time reporting of donations and contributions I think would be a
helpful move towards restoring confidence of voters.'' This tries to do
exactly that, restore the confidence of voters that they will know
who's spending much money to influence their votes, their opinion,
their actions.
Former Speaker Gingrich said this, that in an ideal system ``the
country knows where the money is coming from. That would be
transparent, simple, and fair.''
{time} 1440
While he was not speaking on behalf of this bill, that applies to
this bill.
Minority Leader Boehner said this, ``I think what we ought to do is
we ought to have full disclosure, full disclosure of all the money that
we raise and how it's spent.'' That's what we're saying in this bill.
When you receive a 1-minute or a 30-second ad on TV, who's talking to
me? How are they spending their money? If they spend it through a third
party, they do so in many ways to hide the source. Whether it's a
special interest on the right or the left or in the middle, a business
interest, a labor interest, whatever interest it is, as a voter, I need
to know who's talking to me so I can judge the credibility of the
information that I am receiving.
I agree with the thoughts that have just been quoted by my three
Republican colleagues, and I think they support the passage of this
bill. Therefore, Mr. Chairman, I want to thank Chairman Brady for the
outstanding leadership he has shown in bringing this bill to the floor.
I want to thank my other friends who have worked so hard on this.
And I would be remiss if I did not mention specifically my friend and
colleague from the State of Maryland, Chris Van Hollen, who has been
tireless in his work on behalf of the DISCLOSE Act. Surely you can do
it, surely you can have free speech, you can say anything you want, but
tell me who you are. Do not hide under a cloak. Lift that cloak up and
find out who's talking. If we do that, America's elections will be
better. The people will be better informed and more confident that they
can rely on the information they seek.
Consider the source, vote for this bill.
Parliamentary Inquiries
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Parliamentary inquiry, Mr.
Chairman.
The Acting CHAIR. The gentleman from California will state his
parliamentary inquiry.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, in the years I've
been here in the House, I know there is allowed under the rules a
tradition that the leaders of either the majority or minority or the
Speaker is granted 1 minute speaking time by their side, taken out of
their time, and yet, shall we say, a judicious minute is allowed.
It was my understanding that under the rules and, as interpreted, the
tradition that has developed, that it was predicated on a dedication of
1 minute out of the time of the side. And yet, as I understand it, the
request has been made for just 10 seconds. My parliamentary inquiry is,
is that allowed under the rules? And if it is, when did the rules
change?
The Acting CHAIR. The Chair will advise that it is a matter of
custom, not rules.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Well, then I would ask, if it's
a matter of custom, when did the custom change from 1 minute to 10
seconds?
The Acting CHAIR. The Chair is honoring the custom of the various
leaders speaking longer than the time allocated, and that is what
happened today.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I understand that. My question
is the time that's taken out of the side. I granted 1 minute to the
Republican leader earlier in the debate because I was told that that is
both under the rules allowed and that is the tradition.
I know I've only been a Member of this House now for 16 years, but I
have never seen this in my time, and I am just wondering whether this
is the new rule or the new tradition.
And further parliamentary inquiry, whether I would have been
recognized to grant 10 seconds to the distinguished
[[Page H4822]]
leader of the Republican side and therefore had only 10 seconds taken
out of my time.
The Acting CHAIR. The Chair will advise the gentleman that the
nominal time granted is unrelated to the time that the leaders might
speak, and here the leader spoke for the longer time that he wished to
speak.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I appreciate that. I think the
Chair misunderstands my inquiry. My inquiry isn't about the amount of
time graciously granted to either leader or the Speaker, but rather the
time subtracted from that that appears in the rule given to the side
granting the time to the leader.
The Acting CHAIR. The nominal amount that a Member chooses to yield
to the leader to speak for the time that he or she wishes is not a
matter of regulation.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Is that amount of time deducted
from the side which grants the speaker the time?
The Acting CHAIR. Yes, the nominal amount of time is deducted.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. So if I would say 5 seconds, it
would be 5 seconds rather than if I had said 1 minute; is that correct?
The Acting CHAIR. The gentleman is correct. That is a matter of
technique or choice.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I see. I shall be much more
judicious in my grant of time in the future now that I have had this
information conveyed. Thank you.
Mr. PASCRELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from
Virginia (Mr. Perriello).
Mr. PERRIELLO. Mr. Chairman, where I come from, people stand by their
word. If they have something to say, they stand up and say it and
they're not afraid to say this is who I am. We do it in our own
campaign ads.
The Bible says, ``You shall not hide your light under a bushel.'' Why
should the same not apply? If one is going to choose to be part of our
sacred democratic process, why on Earth would it not be part of that to
say this is who I am? The DISCLOSE Act simply does that. It says I'm
willing to stand up and speak and I'm willing to tell you who I am.
Back on Main Street, back in rural communities, that's just a basic
sense of decency and accountability, and it's a Main Street value that
does well in Washington as well.
It's also important that we make sure that ``We the People'' is not
``We the foreign corporations.'' This is an important amendment to make
sure that foreign corporations are not allowed to come in and unduly
affect our elections. China already owns too much of our debt. Don't
let them buy our democracy as well. It's important that no country and
no company be able to come in and own this democracy.
The Acting CHAIR. The gentleman from New Jersey has 1 minute and 50
seconds remaining.
Mr. PASCRELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gentleman from
Ohio (Mr. Boccieri).
Mr. BOCCIERI. Mr. Chairman, the people of our country have spoken
time and time again: They want less money in politics, not more. And
what I hear from our colleagues on the other side is that we should
roll back 100 years of legislative action by this body.
The regressive decision by the Supreme Court has turned the keys of
electoral government over to big corporations in the United States.
Make no mistake, it's as if the Supreme Court rolled up to the drive-
thru window and just super-sized the campaign contributions of
corporate America.
In the Constitution it says ``We the people.'' ``We the People,'' not
``We the corporations.'' ``We the people of the United States of
America.'' Corporations don't vote in our electoral process, people do.
This is about the people of our country and not having their voices
drowned out in the electoral process.
We need to make sure that the DISCLOSE Act gives further teeth so
that foreign governments don't influence our domestic elections. We're
not going to outsource and offshore our elections. Let's stand up for
the American people and the balance of power in our country.
Mr. PASCRELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself the balance of my time.
First of all, Mr. Chairman, the courts will apply section 102 of the
DISCLOSE Act to labor unions as well as corporations. Unions will be
required to certify that they are in compliance with the safeguards
against foreign ownership and control.
It is our duty, Mr. Chairman, to pass the strongest possible
restrictions to keep foreign money out of our elections, and keep
American elections decided by the American people.
The DISCLOSE Act is a good first step towards empowering the American
citizens in our elections. I urge the House to approve this amendment
and to strengthen this important piece of legislation. And I want to
commend Mr. Van Hollen and Mr. Brady.
Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance of my time.
The Acting CHAIR. The question is on the amendment offered by the
gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Pascrell).
The amendment was agreed to.
Amendment No. 5 Offered by Mr. Patrick J. Murphy of Pennsylvania
The Acting CHAIR. It is now in order to consider amendment No. 5
printed in part B of House Report 111-511.
Mr. PATRICK J. MURPHY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I have an
amendment at the desk.
The Acting CHAIR. The Clerk will designate the amendment.
The text of the amendment is as follows:
In section 318(e) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971, as proposed to be added by section 214(b)(2) of the
bill, strike paragraphs (2) and (3) and insert the following:
``(2) Individual disclosure statement described.--The
individual disclosure statement described in this paragraph
is the following: `I am _______, of _______, _______, and I
approve this message.', with--
``(A) the first blank filled in with the name of the
applicable individual;
``(B) the second blank filled in with the local
jurisdiction in which the applicable individual resides; and
``(C) the third blank filled in with the State in which the
applicable individual resides.
``(3) Organizational disclosure statement described.--The
organizational disclosure statement described in this
paragraph is the following: `I am _______, the _______ of
_______, located in _______, _______, and _______ approves
this message.', with--
``(A) the first blank to be filled in with the name of the
applicable individual;
``(B) the second blank to be filled in with the title of
the applicable individual;
``(C) the third blank to be filled in with the name of the
organization or other person paying for the communication;
``(D) the fourth blank to be filled in with the local
jurisdiction in which such organization's or person's
principal office is located;
``(E) the fifth blank to be filled in with the State in
which such organization's or person's principal office is
located; and
``(F) the sixth blank to be filled in with the name of such
organization or person.''.
In section 318(e)(4) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971, as proposed to be added by section 214(b)(2) of the
bill, strike subparagraphs (A) and (B) and insert the
following:
``(A) Statement if significant funder is an individual.--If
the significant funder of a communication paid for in whole
or in part with a payment which is treated as a disbursement
by a covered organization for campaign-related activity under
section 325 is an individual, the significant funder
disclosure statement described in this paragraph is the
following: `I am _______, of _______, _______. I helped to
pay for this message, and I approve it.', with--
``(i) the first blank filled in with the name of the
applicable individual;
``(ii) the second blank filled in with the local
jurisdiction in which the applicable individual resides; and
``(iii) the third blank filled in with the State in which
the applicable individual resides.
``(B) Statement if significant funder is not an
individual.--If the significant funder of a communication
paid for in whole or in part with a payment which is treated
as a disbursement by a covered organization for campaign-
related activity under section 325 is not an individual, the
significant funder disclosure statement described in this
paragraph is the following: `I am _______, the _______ of
_______, located in _______, _______. _______ helped to pay
for this message, and _______ approves it.', with--
``(i) the first blank to be filled in with the name of the
applicable individual;
``(ii) the second blank to be filled in with the title of
the applicable individual;
``(iii) the third blank to be filled in with the name of
the significant funder of the communication;
``(iv) the fourth blank to be filled in with the local
jurisdiction in which the significant funder's principal
office is located;
``(v) the fifth blank to be filled in with the State in
which the significant funder's principal office is located;
and
[[Page H4823]]
``(vi) the sixth and seventh blank each to be filled in
with the name of the significant funder of the
communication.''.
In section 318(e)(5) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971, as proposed to be added by section 214(b)(2) of the
bill--
(1) in subparagraph (A), strike ``provided;'' and insert
``provided and the local jurisdiction and State in which each
such person lives (in the case of a person who is an
individual) or is located (in the case of any other
person);''; and
(2) in subparagraph (B), striking ``provided.'' and insert
``provided and the local jurisdiction and State in which each
such person lives (in the case of a person who is an
individual) or is located (in the case of any other
person).''.
The Acting CHAIR. Pursuant to House Resolution 1468, the gentleman
from Pennsylvania (Mr. Patrick J. Murphy) and a Member opposed each
will control 5 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Pennsylvania.
{time} 1450
Mr. PATRICK J. MURPHY of Pennsylvania. I yield myself such time as I
may consume.
Mr. Chairman, I am happy that we are addressing campaign finance
reform in this session of Congress by taking up the DISCLOSE Act today.
This bill goes a long way toward increasing transparency in campaign
spending by forcing individuals and organizations to stand by their
television and radio ads that they fund.
I would like to thank my colleagues Mr. Van Hollen, Mr. Castle, Mr.
Jones, and especially Chairman Bob Brady for their hard work on this
important and critical piece of legislation.
By making funders identify themselves in ads, the DISCLOSE Act takes
a significant step in giving people the information they need to
understand who is funding the ad. Mr. Chairman, shouldn't people know
where these ads and the money to fund them are coming from?
Let me give you an example:
If Halliburton pays for an ad endorsing a politician, shouldn't the
voters know that not only is the company paying for the ad but also
that it is based in Houston, Texas? People have a right to know if
people or companies outside their States are trying to influence their
elections.
My amendment, Mr. Chairman, is a commonsense addition that both
Republicans and Democrats should support. Whether they are living in
Bristol, Pennsylvania, or in Bristol, Tennessee, people should know who
is trying to impact their votes.
This amendment is very simple. It enhances the ad disclaimers by
including the location of the funder. Specifically, this amendment
requires that the city and the State of the funder's residence or
principal place of business be included in the disclaimers. It also
requires this location information be added to the Top Funders list
that will appear on screen, at the end of the ad, under the bill. These
simple additions will give people valuable information about the people
and organizations funding the ads they are seeing and hearing.
By knowing where the money is coming from, people will have a better
understanding of who the funder is and the motivations behind an ad.
This is not a Democratic or a Republican idea. All citizens deserve to
know if a special interest completely unrelated to their districts and
to the issues that affect their daily lives is trying to influence
their elections.
I urge my colleagues to support my amendment.
Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, I rise in
opposition to the amendment.
The Acting CHAIR. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Chairman, this would sound
like a commonsensical amendment until you actually realize its impact.
By the additional disclaimers required on broadcast ads, we have
already determined that, in some cases, very easily, one would have to
use 15 to 17 seconds of a 15- or a 30-second ad to make the disclaimer.
If you add additional requirements, as the gentleman suggests, you
could have as much as 20 seconds, which will mean that you won't be
able to do 15-second ads. Now, that may be a good idea, frankly, but
I'm not sure we should reach that so indirectly.
Secondly, I ask this. In the State of California, we just had a
controversial proposition called Proposition 8. Following the
successful passage of Proposition 8, people who were known as funders
of the program were intimidated. Actions were taken against them by
others who disagreed with the fact that they had been involved in the
audacity of presenting a political position. So now you're going to
make sure that the hometown, city, and State of the ad funder's
residence is known.
Would that be less likely or more likely to lead to intimidation or
to retaliation by individuals who disagree? I suspect it would be more
likely.
If the idea is you've got to show that you're in the district or out
of the district, what does that do to major metropolitan areas?
I'm from Los Angeles. Well, there are about 26 Members of Congress, I
think, or something like that, representing LA County. What does that
tell you about whether you're in the district or not in the district?
It doesn't tell you anything except that you do live in that city, and
I suppose someone then could look up the name of the individual and the
home address of the individual, perhaps, to protest at that
individual's residence.
I mean we're getting a little silly here. We're now talking about
disclaimers that are going to take the entire time of a commercial. I
don't like these commercials any better than anybody else does. You
know, I've had commercials that have been running against me for the
last 2 years by the DCCC--radio commercials that are suggesting I've
done this, that and the other thing. You know, do I like that? No, but
what the heck. That's part of the game.
I have seen people harassed after campaigns. I have seen people, who
are at their homes, who have had protesters show up at their houses.
Now, maybe you think that's part of the robust debate that we want
around here. But what are you really doing by making known the
residence and hometown of the individual there? Frankly, I think it is
going to lead to the greater possibility of intimidation.
Maybe this is what this is supposed to be. We want to chill speech.
We've already done that directly. Now, maybe, we'll do it indirectly. I
mean it sounds good. I don't have any trouble with the principal office
of a corporation, but the home, the residence, of an individual
involved? What are we doing here? You're going to have to subject
yourself to the possibility of criminal penalties if you dare allow
your corporation to use funds, because we have made sure that the FEC
will not have the time to put out regulations during this election
period, or we will chill speech by passing this bill, by making it a
law and by making people afraid to exercise their First Amendment
right.
Man, that's the kind of stuff that our Founding Fathers were against.
The Federalist Papers. I guess they actually used assumed names for the
Federalist Papers. I don't think they identified what their home
residences were. King George should have thought of some of this stuff.
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. PATRICK J. MURPHY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I reserve the
balance of my time.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. How much time does each side
have, Mr. Chair?
The Acting CHAIR. The gentleman from Pennsylvania has 2\1/2\ minutes
remaining. The gentleman from California has 30 seconds remaining.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I would just say, Mr. Chairman,
once again, that we are moving down the wrong track here. We are
chilling speech already. Now we are creating the possibility of direct
intimidation by those by requiring the residence and hometown of the
people who might appear there.
Though, if we're going to go part of the way, let's go all the way.
We really want to make sure no one is going to be able to use their
First Amendment right. This will help seal the deal. So, if that's what
you want, vote for this amendment. Otherwise, please support the
Constitution and the First Amendment, and defeat this amendment.
The Acting CHAIR. The time of the gentleman has expired.
Mr. PATRICK J. MURPHY of Pennsylvania. I yield myself the balance of
my time.
[[Page H4824]]
Mr. Chairman, first, your location in your campaign ad takes less
than 2 seconds. In that time, voters get valuable information about any
special interests which are trying to influence their votes. Second, if
the ad is short and if timing is an issue, funders may be able to get a
hardship exemption which makes sure that there is always time for the
substantive message in their ads.
Mr. Chairman, quite simply, a vote to oppose the Murphy amendment
will be a vote to keep your constituents in the dark about the sources
of their campaign spending. Campaign ads can now be funded from
unlimited corporate sources. At the very least, we must give people the
facts that they need about these ads and about the special interests
that are sometimes behind them.
{time} 1500
This amendment is a critical edition to the DISCLOSE Act because it
does exactly that--it provides people with a key piece of information
about the source of the ad. Knowing whether the ads are promoting an
interest in the voter's own district or State will allow voters to
better evaluate those ads and make informed decisions when they go to
the polling place. The more information that's available, the more
transparent and fair all elections will be, and I urge my colleagues to
support this commonsense amendment.
I yield back the balance of my time.
The Acting CHAIR. The question is on the amendment offered by the
gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Patrick J. Murphy).
The question was taken; and the Acting Chair announced that the noes
appeared to have it.
Mr. PATRICK J. MURPHY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I demand a
recorded vote.
The Acting CHAIR. Pursuant to clause 6 of rule XVIII, further
proceedings on the amendment offered by the gentleman from Pennsylvania
will be postponed.
Announcement by the Acting Chair
The Acting CHAIR. Pursuant to clause 6 of rule XVIII, proceedings
will now resume on those amendments printed in part B of House Report
111-511 on which further proceedings were postponed, in the following
order:
Amendment No. 2 by Mr. King of Iowa;
Amendment No. 5 by Mr. Patrick J. Murphy of Pennsylvania.
The Chair will reduce to 5 minutes the time for any electronic vote
after the first vote in this series.
Amendment No. 2 Offered by Mr. King of Iowa
The Acting CHAIR. The unfinished business is the demand for a
recorded vote on the amendment offered by the gentleman from Iowa (Mr.
King) on which further proceedings were postponed and on which the noes
prevailed by voice vote.
The Clerk will redesignate the amendment.
The Clerk redesignated the amendment.
Recorded Vote
The Acting CHAIR. A recorded vote has been demanded.
A recorded vote was ordered.
The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were--ayes 57,
noes 369, not voting 12, as follows:
[Roll No. 388]
AYES--57
Bartlett
Bishop (UT)
Blackburn
Brady (TX)
Broun (GA)
Burton (IN)
Campbell
Cantor
Carter
Chaffetz
Conaway
Culberson
Dreier
Ehlers
Flake
Franks (AZ)
Garrett (NJ)
Gingrey (GA)
Goodlatte
Granger
Graves (GA)
Hall (TX)
Hastings (WA)
Hensarling
Herger
Hunter
Issa
Johnson, Sam
Jordan (OH)
King (IA)
Kingston
Lamborn
Lummis
Lungren, Daniel E.
Mack
McCaul
McClintock
McHenry
Miller, Gary
Neugebauer
Nunes
Olson
Paul
Poe (TX)
Price (GA)
Rehberg
Rohrabacher
Royce
Sessions
Shadegg
Shimkus
Smith (NE)
Thompson (PA)
Thornberry
Tiahrt
Westmoreland
Young (AK)
NOES--369
Ackerman
Aderholt
Adler (NJ)
Akin
Alexander
Altmire
Andrews
Arcuri
Austria
Baca
Bachmann
Bachus
Baird
Baldwin
Barrow
Barton (TX)
Bean
Becerra
Berkley
Berman
Berry
Biggert
Bilbray
Bilirakis
Bishop (GA)
Bishop (NY)
Blumenauer
Boccieri
Boehner
Bonner
Bono Mack
Boozman
Bordallo
Boren
Boswell
Boucher
Boustany
Boyd
Brady (PA)
Braley (IA)
Bright
Brown, Corrine
Brown-Waite, Ginny
Buchanan
Burgess
Butterfield
Buyer
Calvert
Camp
Cao
Capito
Capps
Capuano
Cardoza
Carnahan
Carney
Carson (IN)
Cassidy
Castle
Castor (FL)
Chandler
Childers
Christensen
Chu
Clarke
Clay
Cleaver
Clyburn
Coble
Coffman (CO)
Cohen
Cole
Connolly (VA)
Conyers
Cooper
Costa
Costello
Courtney
Crenshaw
Critz
Crowley
Cuellar
Cummings
Dahlkemper
Davis (AL)
Davis (CA)
Davis (IL)
Davis (KY)
Davis (TN)
DeFazio
DeGette
Delahunt
DeLauro
Dent
Deutch
Diaz-Balart, L.
Diaz-Balart, M.
Dicks
Dingell
Djou
Doggett
Donnelly (IN)
Doyle
Driehaus
Duncan
Edwards (MD)
Edwards (TX)
Ellison
Ellsworth
Emerson
Engel
Eshoo
Etheridge
Fallin
Farr
Fattah
Filner
Fleming
Forbes
Fortenberry
Foster
Foxx
Frank (MA)
Frelinghuysen
Fudge
Gallegly
Garamendi
Gerlach
Giffords
Gonzalez
Gordon (TN)
Graves (MO)
Grayson
Green, Al
Green, Gene
Griffith
Grijalva
Guthrie
Gutierrez
Hall (NY)
Halvorson
Hare
Harman
Harper
Hastings (FL)
Heinrich
Heller
Herseth Sandlin
Higgins
Hill
Himes
Hinchey
Hinojosa
Hirono
Hodes
Holden
Holt
Honda
Hoyer
Inglis
Inslee
Israel
Jackson (IL)
Jackson Lee (TX)
Jenkins
Johnson (GA)
Johnson (IL)
Johnson, E. B.
Jones
Kagen
Kanjorski
Kaptur
Kennedy
Kildee
Kilpatrick (MI)
Kilroy
Kind
King (NY)
Kirk
Kirkpatrick (AZ)
Kissell
Klein (FL)
Kline (MN)
Kosmas
Kratovil
Kucinich
Lance
Langevin
Larsen (WA)
Larson (CT)
Latham
LaTourette
Latta
Lee (CA)
Lee (NY)
Levin
Lewis (CA)
Lewis (GA)
Linder
Lipinski
LoBiondo
Loebsack
Lofgren, Zoe
Lowey
Lucas
Luetkemeyer
Lujan
Lynch
Maffei
Maloney
Manzullo
Marchant
Markey (CO)
Markey (MA)
Marshall
Matheson
Matsui
McCarthy (CA)
McCarthy (NY)
McCollum
McCotter
McDermott
McGovern
McIntyre
McKeon
McMahon
McMorris Rodgers
McNerney
Meek (FL)
Meeks (NY)
Melancon
Mica
Michaud
Miller (FL)
Miller (MI)
Miller (NC)
Miller, George
Minnick
Mitchell
Mollohan
Moore (KS)
Moran (KS)
Moran (VA)
Murphy (CT)
Murphy (NY)
Murphy, Patrick
Murphy, Tim
Myrick
Nadler (NY)
Napolitano
Neal (MA)
Nye
Oberstar
Obey
Olver
Ortiz
Owens
Pallone
Pascrell
Pastor (AZ)
Paulsen
Payne
Perlmutter
Perriello
Peters
Peterson
Petri
Pierluisi
Pingree (ME)
Pitts
Platts
Polis (CO)
Pomeroy
Posey
Price (NC)
Putnam
Quigley
Radanovich
Rahall
Rangel
Reichert
Reyes
Richardson
Rodriguez
Roe (TN)
Rogers (AL)
Rogers (KY)
Rogers (MI)
Rooney
Ros-Lehtinen
Roskam
Ross
Roybal-Allard
Ruppersberger
Rush
Ryan (OH)
Ryan (WI)
Sablan
Salazar
Sanchez, Linda T.
Sanchez, Loretta
Sarbanes
Scalise
Schakowsky
Schauer
Schiff
Schmidt
Schock
Schrader
Schwartz
Scott (GA)
Scott (VA)
Sensenbrenner
Serrano
Sestak
Shea-Porter
Sherman
Shuler
Shuster
Simpson
Sires
Skelton
Slaughter
Smith (NJ)
Smith (TX)
Smith (WA)
Snyder
Space
Speier
Spratt
Stark
Stearns
Stupak
Sullivan
Sutton
Tanner
Taylor
Teague
Terry
Thompson (CA)
Thompson (MS)
Tiberi
Tierney
Titus
Tonko
Towns
Tsongas
Turner
Upton
Van Hollen
Velazquez
Walden
Walz
Wasserman Schultz
Waters
Watson
Watt
Waxman
Weiner
Welch
Whitfield
Wilson (OH)
Wilson (SC)
Wittman
Wolf
Woolsey
Wu
Yarmuth
Young (FL)
NOT VOTING--12
Barrett (SC)
Blunt
Brown (SC)
Faleomavaega
Gohmert
Hoekstra
Moore (WI)
Norton
Pence
Rothman (NJ)
Visclosky
Wamp
{time} 1530
Messrs. BERRY, BISHOP of New York, ROE of Tennessee, SIRES,
GUTIERREZ, Ms. CASTOR of Florida, Messrs. THOMPSON of California,
BURGESS, Ms. FALLIN, Messrs. DAVIS of Illinois, CARSON of Indiana,
GRAYSON, PERRIELLO, ELLSWORTH, Mrs. LOWEY, Messrs. DAVIS of Tennessee,
SULLIVAN, FRANK of Massachusetts, and CRENSHAW changed their vote from
``aye'' to ``no.''
Messrs. CARTER and OLSON changed their vote from ``no'' to ``aye.''
So the amendment was rejected.
The result of the vote was announced as above recorded.
Amendment No. 5 Offered by Mr. Patrick J. Murphy of Pennsylvania
The Acting CHAIR. The unfinished business is the demand for a
recorded vote on the amendment offered by the gentleman from
Pennsylvania (Mr.
[[Page H4825]]
Patrick J. Murphy) on which further proceedings were postponed and on
which the noes prevailed by voice vote.
The Clerk will redesignate the amendment.
The Clerk redesignated the amendment.
Recorded Vote
The Acting CHAIR. A recorded vote has been demanded.
A recorded vote was ordered.
The Acting CHAIR. This will be a 5-minute vote.
The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were--ayes 274,
noes 152, not voting 12, as follows:
[Roll No. 389]
AYES--274
Ackerman
Adler (NJ)
Altmire
Andrews
Arcuri
Baca
Bachus
Baird
Baldwin
Bean
Becerra
Berkley
Berman
Berry
Bishop (GA)
Bishop (NY)
Blumenauer
Boccieri
Bonner
Bordallo
Boren
Boswell
Boyd
Brady (PA)
Braley (IA)
Brown, Corrine
Buchanan
Burgess
Butterfield
Cao
Capito
Capps
Capuano
Cardoza
Carnahan
Carney
Carson (IN)
Castle
Castor (FL)
Chandler
Childers
Christensen
Chu
Clarke
Clay
Cleaver
Clyburn
Cohen
Connolly (VA)
Conyers
Cooper
Costa
Costello
Courtney
Crowley
Cuellar
Cummings
Dahlkemper
Davis (AL)
Davis (CA)
Davis (IL)
Davis (TN)
DeFazio
DeGette
Delahunt
DeLauro
Dent
Deutch
Dicks
Dingell
Doggett
Donnelly (IN)
Doyle
Driehaus
Edwards (MD)
Edwards (TX)
Ellison
Ellsworth
Emerson
Engel
Eshoo
Etheridge
Farr
Fattah
Filner
Fortenberry
Foster
Frank (MA)
Fudge
Garamendi
Gerlach
Giffords
Gonzalez
Grayson
Green, Al
Green, Gene
Grijalva
Gutierrez
Hall (NY)
Halvorson
Hare
Harman
Hastings (FL)
Heinrich
Herseth Sandlin
Higgins
Hill
Himes
Hinchey
Hinojosa
Hirono
Hodes
Holt
Honda
Hoyer
Inglis
Inslee
Israel
Issa
Jackson (IL)
Jackson Lee (TX)
Johnson (GA)
Johnson, E. B.
Jones
Kagen
Kanjorski
Kaptur
Kennedy
Kildee
Kilpatrick (MI)
Kilroy
Kind
Kingston
Kirk
Kirkpatrick (AZ)
Kissell
Klein (FL)
Kosmas
Kucinich
Langevin
Larsen (WA)
Larson (CT)
LaTourette
Lee (CA)
Levin
Lewis (GA)
Lipinski
LoBiondo
Loebsack
Lofgren, Zoe
Lowey
Lujan
Lynch
Maffei
Maloney
Markey (CO)
Markey (MA)
Matheson
Matsui
McCarthy (NY)
McCollum
McDermott
McGovern
McIntyre
McMahon
McNerney
Meek (FL)
Meeks (NY)
Melancon
Michaud
Miller (NC)
Miller, George
Mitchell
Mollohan
Moore (KS)
Moore (WI)
Moran (VA)
Murphy (CT)
Murphy (NY)
Murphy, Patrick
Murphy, Tim
Nadler (NY)
Napolitano
Neal (MA)
Oberstar
Obey
Olver
Ortiz
Pallone
Pascrell
Pastor (AZ)
Paulsen
Payne
Perlmutter
Perriello
Peters
Peterson
Pierluisi
Pingree (ME)
Platts
Polis (CO)
Pomeroy
Posey
Price (NC)
Quigley
Rahall
Rangel
Reyes
Richardson
Rodriguez
Rooney
Ross
Roybal-Allard
Ruppersberger
Rush
Ryan (OH)
Sablan
Salazar
Sanchez, Linda T.
Sanchez, Loretta
Sarbanes
Schakowsky
Schauer
Schiff
Schrader
Schwartz
Scott (GA)
Scott (VA)
Serrano
Sestak
Shea-Porter
Sherman
Shimkus
Shuler
Sires
Skelton
Slaughter
Smith (NJ)
Smith (WA)
Space
Speier
Spratt
Stark
Stearns
Stupak
Sutton
Tanner
Taylor
Teague
Thompson (CA)
Thompson (MS)
Tiberi
Tierney
Titus
Tonko
Towns
Tsongas
Turner
Van Hollen
Velazquez
Walz
Wasserman Schultz
Waters
Watson
Watt
Waxman
Weiner
Welch
Whitfield
Wilson (OH)
Woolsey
Yarmuth
Young (AK)
Young (FL)
NOES--152
Aderholt
Akin
Alexander
Austria
Bachmann
Barrow
Bartlett
Barton (TX)
Biggert
Bilbray
Bilirakis
Bishop (UT)
Blackburn
Bono Mack
Boozman
Boucher
Boustany
Brady (TX)
Bright
Broun (GA)
Brown-Waite, Ginny
Burton (IN)
Buyer
Calvert
Camp
Campbell
Cantor
Carter
Cassidy
Chaffetz
Coble
Coffman (CO)
Cole
Conaway
Crenshaw
Critz
Culberson
Davis (KY)
Diaz-Balart, L.
Diaz-Balart, M.
Djou
Dreier
Duncan
Ehlers
Fallin
Flake
Fleming
Forbes
Foxx
Franks (AZ)
Frelinghuysen
Gallegly
Garrett (NJ)
Gingrey (GA)
Gohmert
Goodlatte
Granger
Graves (GA)
Graves (MO)
Griffith
Guthrie
Hall (TX)
Harper
Hastings (WA)
Heller
Hensarling
Herger
Holden
Hunter
Jenkins
Johnson (IL)
Johnson, Sam
Jordan (OH)
King (IA)
King (NY)
Kline (MN)
Kratovil
Lamborn
Lance
Latham
Latta
Lee (NY)
Lewis (CA)
Linder
Lucas
Luetkemeyer
Lummis
Lungren, Daniel E.
Mack
Manzullo
Marchant
Marshall
McCarthy (CA)
McCaul
McClintock
McCotter
McHenry
McKeon
McMorris Rodgers
Mica
Miller (FL)
Miller (MI)
Miller, Gary
Minnick
Moran (KS)
Myrick
Neugebauer
Nunes
Nye
Olson
Owens
Paul
Petri
Pitts
Poe (TX)
Price (GA)
Putnam
Radanovich
Rehberg
Reichert
Roe (TN)
Rogers (AL)
Rogers (KY)
Rogers (MI)
Rohrabacher
Ros-Lehtinen
Roskam
Royce
Ryan (WI)
Scalise
Schmidt
Schock
Sensenbrenner
Sessions
Shadegg
Shuster
Simpson
Smith (NE)
Smith (TX)
Snyder
Sullivan
Terry
Thompson (PA)
Thornberry
Tiahrt
Upton
Walden
Westmoreland
Wilson (SC)
Wittman
Wolf
Wu
NOT VOTING--12
Barrett (SC)
Blunt
Boehner
Brown (SC)
Faleomavaega
Gordon (TN)
Hoekstra
Norton
Pence
Rothman (NJ)
Visclosky
Wamp
Announcement by the Acting Chair
The Acting CHAIR. There are 2 minutes remaining in this vote.
{time} 1540
So the amendment was agreed to.
The result of the vote was announced as above recorded.
PERSONAL EXPLANATION
Ms. NORTON. Mr. Chair, on June 24, 2010, I was not able to be present
for votes on amendments to H.R. 5175, the Democracy is Strengthened by
Casting Light on Spending in Elections Act. Had I been present, I would
have voted ``no'' on rollcall 388 and ``aye'' on rollcall 389
The Acting CHAIR. Under the rule, the Committee rises.
Accordingly, the Committee rose; and the Speaker pro tempore (Mr.
Pastor of Arizona) having assumed the chair, Mr. Serrano, Acting Chair
of the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, reported
that that Committee, having had under consideration the bill (H.R.
5175) to amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to prohibit
foreign influence in Federal elections, to prohibit government
contractors from making expenditures with respect to such elections,
and to establish additional disclosure requirements with respect to
spending in such elections, and for other purposes, and pursuant to
House Resolution 1468, reported the bill, as amended pursuant to that
resolution, back to the House with sundry further amendments adopted in
the Committee of the Whole.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the rule, the previous question is
ordered.
Pursuant to House Resolution 1468, the question on adoption of the
further amendments will be put en gros.
The question is on the amendments.
The amendments were agreed to.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the engrossment and third
reading of the bill.
The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, and was
read the third time.
Motion to Recommit
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I have a motion to recommit at
the desk.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is the gentleman opposed to the bill?
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. I certainly am, in its current
form.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Clerk will report the motion to
recommit.
The Clerk read as follows:
Mr. Daniel E. Lungren of California moves to recommit the
bill H.R. 5175 to the Committee on House Administration with
instructions to report the same back to the House forthwith
with the following amendment:
Strike section 401 and insert the following:
SEC. 401. TREATMENT OF CERTAIN LOBBYISTS AS FOREIGN
NATIONALS.
Section 319(b) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
(2 U.S.C. 441e(b)), as amended by section 102(a), is further
amended--
(1) by striking ``or'' at the end of paragraph (2);
(2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (3) and
inserting ``; or''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(4) any person who is a registered lobbyist under the
Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 whose clients under such Act
include--
``(A) a country the government of which the Secretary of
State has determined, for purposes of section 6(j) of the
Export Administration Act of 1979 (as continued in effect
pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act),
section 40 of the
[[Page H4826]]
Arms Export Control Act, section 620A of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961, or any other provision of law, is a
government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of
international terrorism; or
``(B) any other foreign national described in this
subsection.''.
SEC. 402. PROHIBITING USE OF CAMPAIGN FUNDS FOR POLITICAL
ROBOCALLS MADE TO INDIVIDUALS ON DO-NOT-CALL
REGISTRY.
Section 318(f) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
(2 U.S.C. 441d(f)), as added by section 214(b)(4), is further
amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new
paragraph:
``(3) Compliance with do-not-call registry.--No
contribution, independent expenditure, electioneering
communication, or other donation of funds which is subject to
the requirements of this Act may be used for a political
robocall which is made to a telephone number which is
registered on the national do-not-call registry implemented
by the Federal Trade Commission.''.
SEC. 403. JUDICIAL REVIEW.
(a) Special Rules for Actions Brought on Constitutional
Grounds.--If any action is brought for declaratory or
injunctive relief to challenge the constitutionality of any
provision of this Act or any amendment made by this Act,
including an action brought to challenge the
constitutionality of granting an unfair advantage in
representation in the House of Representatives to residents
of the District of Columbia, the following rules shall apply:
(1) The action shall be filed in the United States District
Court for the District of Columbia and shall be heard by a 3-
judge court convened pursuant to section 2284 of title 28,
United States Code.
(2) A copy of the complaint shall be delivered promptly to
the Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary
of the Senate.
(3) A final decision in the action shall be reviewable only
by appeal directly to the Supreme Court of the United States.
Such appeal shall be taken by the filing of a notice of
appeal within 10 days, and the filing of a jurisdictional
statement within 30 days, of the entry of the final decision.
(4) It shall be the duty of the United States District
Court for the District of Columbia and the Supreme Court of
the United States to expedite to the greatest possible extent
the disposition of the action and appeal.
(b) Intervention by Members of Congress.--In any action in
which the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or
any amendment made by this Act is raised (including but not
limited to an action described in subsection (a)), any member
of the House of Representatives (including a Delegate or
Resident Commissioner to the Congress) or Senate shall have
the right to intervene either in support of or opposition to
the position of a party to the case regarding the
constitutionality of the provision or amendment. To avoid
duplication of efforts and reduce the burdens placed on the
parties to the action, the court in any such action may make
such orders as it considers necessary, including orders to
require intervenors taking similar positions to file joint
papers or to be represented by a single attorney at oral
argument.
(c) Challenge by Members of Congress.--Any Member of
Congress may bring an action, subject to the special rules
described in subsection (a), for declaratory or injunctive
relief to challenge the constitutionality of any provision of
this Act or any amendment made by this Act.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California (during the reading). Mr.
Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to dispense with the reading.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, I object.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Objection is heard.
The Clerk will read.
The Clerk continued to read.
{time} 1550
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Speaker, this motion to
recommit is of three parts. I would like to ask the gentleman from
Texas, the ranking Republican on the Judiciary Committee, to explain
one of the parts as it deals with a very important constitutional
issue.
Mr. SMITH of Texas. I thank the gentleman from California (Mr.
Lungren), the ranking member of the subcommittee, for yielding.
Mr. Speaker, this motion to recommit would add to H.R. 5175 the same
expedited judicial review process that Congress approved as part of the
McCain-Feingold campaign finance reform law. Because H.R. 5175 raises
the same constitutional issues that were at issue in the Citizens
United case, expedited review should be included in this legislation as
well.
The base bill does not contain the reference to 28 U.S.C. 2284 that
Congress specifically designed and has used repeatedly to assure the
prompt resolution of constitutional claims. Judicial review may not
have been included because the base bill was designed to stall judicial
review by the Supreme Court until after the 2010 elections. I hope that
is not the case. But this House can only dispel that suspicion and
facilitate the prompt constitutional review of this legislation by
approving this motion to recommit.
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Speaker, as I mentioned,
this motion to recommit is in three parts. It applies the act's
expanded ban on expenditures by foreign nationals to include lobbyists
who register under the Lobbying Disclosure Act to represent countries
defined as state sponsors of terrorism or to represent a foreign
national as defined by the act.
It also provides that political robocalls which are not authorized by
a candidate may only be made if none of the individuals who are called
are listed on the Federal do-not-call registry. It does nothing with
our robocalls by the candidate or by tele-town halls either as a
candidate or as a Member of Congress.
Finally, as was mentioned by the gentleman from Texas, this repairs,
hopefully, an unintentional problem in this bill--perhaps intentional.
This bill does not have the expedited appellate procedure that we've
had in every other campaign finance law. And what this motion to
recommit does is says that same process that we've had which allows an
expedited review of the underlying constitutionality of this bill will
be in this bill as it has been in the past. Why? Because we are dealing
with the First Amendment to the Constitution, and people ought to know
sooner rather than later whether the law we passed is constitutional.
If in fact your intent is to ensure there is vagueness for this
election period so that those who are protected in this bill--that is,
the exemptions given to the unions applies, but there is uncertainty on
the part of other corporate entities, either for-profit or not-for-
profit, that will have a chilling effect on the latter group, and that
will create an uneven playing field for the balance of this election
period. The only way in which you might not have that uneven playing
field is to have an expedited consideration all the way to the Supreme
Court of the underlying constitutionality.
We have spent 40 hours in this Congress naming post offices; can't we
spend a little bit of time protecting the First Amendment to the
Constitution of the United States? And also, make sure that the
judicial branch has an opportunity to review this so that people can
know when they are able to speak. We're talking about political speech,
the essence of the First Amendment, and for us not to allow that
consideration by the courts in an accelerated manner, as we have every
other time, is unworthy of this place, is unworthy of our constituents,
and is unworthy of the Constitution that we take an oath to uphold.
I would ask for a unanimous vote in support of this motion to
recommit.
Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I claim time in opposition
to the motion.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is the gentleman from Pennsylvania opposed
to the motion?
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. I am.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman is recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, this motion to recommit is a
needless distraction from the core mission of the underlying
legislation. All the legislation says basically is, who is saying it,
who is paying it? We have a right to know who's talking about us; we
have a right to know who's talking for us. That's all this says. I urge
the Members to defeat this motion.
I would like to yield to the author of this legislation, the
distinguished gentleman from Maryland (Mr. Van Hollen).
Mr. VAN HOLLEN. I thank the chairman of the committee.
This legislation, as we all know, by its terms says that if you're a
foreign-controlled entity in the United States, you can not be spending
money to influence elections. The proposal put forward here actually
prohibits U.S. citizens from contributing as they're allowed to do
under the Constitution, or
[[Page H4827]]
from expending their own funds. It is blatantly constitutional. Given
all the conversation we had and the resistance to the notion that we're
going to prevent foreign-controlled entities from spending money, it's
a little surprising we would now say that U.S. citizens can't be either
contributing or spending, number one.
Number two, with respect to the ban on robocalls, what this
legislation has been all about is disclosure. If you're going to spend
money on TV or radio or whatever for political expenditure purposes,
tell the voters who you are and who's paying for it. We've been hearing
all day about how you don't want to impinge on the First Amendment, and
what you do here is an outright bar on legal calls made. We're just
saying when you make those calls, tell us who's paying for them, tell
the voters who's paying for them. Whether you like the group or whether
you don't like the group, the voter has a right to know.
Finally, you've injected into this motion to recommit a provision
with respect to how we would deal with challenges to D.C. voting
rights. As you well know, we have not even passed a piece of
legislation out of this Congress on D.C. voting rights that has gone to
the President's desk, and yet you've inserted that totally unrelated
matter into this legislation. So it's interesting, after all the
comments we heard from the other side of the aisle about the time you
had to consider the DISCLOSE Act, that we got 5 minutes to look at
this, but 5 minutes was more than enough time to determine that it's
blatantly unconstitutional. You're not just saying inform the voter,
you're denying American citizens and voters the right to contribute to
campaigns, to participate freely in campaigns. You're saying that you
can't exercise your legal rights with robocalls even if you're telling
people who is spending it.
And finally, you've injected a total spurious and unrelated provision
with respect to D.C. voting rights. Let's give the voters the right to
know. Let's make sure that we pass legislation so that foreign-
controlled interests can not spend money in U.S. elections, whether
it's British Petroleum or any other organization. And let's make sure
that, whether you like the group or don't like the group, that voters
have the information when they see that television set with the nice-
sounding name like the Fund for a Greater America, that they have the
right to get the information and judge for themselves about who's
paying for it.
So this is a blatant attempt to distract this effort at the last
minute. Again, I point out that the League of Women Voters--that's no
political organization--Common Cause, Public Citizen, all the
organizations that have devoted themselves to clean campaigns and fair
elections support this legislation.
I urge the rejection of the motion to recommit and the passage of the
bill.
Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania. Again, Mr. Chairman, all we need to know
and the voters need to know is who's saying it and who's paying it.
With that, I would ask for a ``no'' vote on the motion to recommit
and a ``yes'' vote on the disclosure bill.
Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, the previous question is
ordered on the motion to recommit.
There was no objection.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the motion to recommit.
The question was taken; and the Speaker pro tempore announced that
the noes appeared to have it.
Recorded Vote
Mr. DANIEL E. LUNGREN of California. Mr. Speaker, I demand a recorded
vote.
A recorded vote was ordered.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to clauses 8 and 9 of rule XX, this
15-minute vote on the motion to recommit will be followed by 5-minute
votes on passage of H.R. 5175, if ordered; and suspension of the rules
with regard to House Resolution 1464.
The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were--ayes 208,
noes 217, not voting 8, as follows:
[Roll No. 390]
AYES--208
Aderholt
Akin
Alexander
Altmire
Arcuri
Austria
Bachmann
Bachus
Barrow
Bartlett
Barton (TX)
Bean
Biggert
Bilbray
Bilirakis
Bishop (UT)
Blackburn
Boccieri
Boehner
Bonner
Bono Mack
Boozman
Boren
Boucher
Boustany
Brady (TX)
Bright
Broun (GA)
Brown-Waite, Ginny
Buchanan
Burgess
Burton (IN)
Buyer
Calvert
Camp
Campbell
Cantor
Cao
Capito
Carter
Cassidy
Castle
Chaffetz
Chandler
Childers
Coble
Coffman (CO)
Cole
Conaway
Crenshaw
Cuellar
Culberson
Davis (KY)
Davis (TN)
Dent
Diaz-Balart, L.
Diaz-Balart, M.
Djou
Donnelly (IN)
Dreier
Duncan
Edwards (TX)
Ehlers
Ellsworth
Emerson
Fallin
Flake
Fleming
Forbes
Fortenberry
Foster
Foxx
Franks (AZ)
Frelinghuysen
Gallegly
Garrett (NJ)
Gerlach
Giffords
Gingrey (GA)
Gohmert
Goodlatte
Granger
Graves (GA)
Graves (MO)
Griffith
Guthrie
Hall (TX)
Harper
Hastings (WA)
Heller
Hensarling
Herger
Herseth Sandlin
Hill
Hodes
Hunter
Inglis
Issa
Jenkins
Johnson (IL)
Johnson, Sam
Jones
Jordan (OH)
King (IA)
King (NY)
Kingston
Kirk
Kirkpatrick (AZ)
Klein (FL)
Kline (MN)
Kratovil
Lamborn
Lance
Latham
LaTourette
Latta
Lee (NY)
Lewis (CA)
Linder
LoBiondo
Lucas
Luetkemeyer
Lummis
Lungren, Daniel E.
Mack
Maffei
Manzullo
Marchant
Marshall
McCarthy (CA)
McCaul
McClintock
McCotter
McHenry
McIntyre
McKeon
McMorris Rodgers
McNerney
Mica
Miller (FL)
Miller (MI)
Miller, Gary
Minnick
Mitchell
Moran (KS)
Murphy, Tim
Myrick
Neugebauer
Nunes
Nye
Olson
Paulsen
Perriello
Peterson
Petri
Pitts
Platts
Poe (TX)
Posey
Price (GA)
Putnam
Radanovich
Rehberg
Reichert
Roe (TN)
Rogers (AL)
Rogers (KY)
Rogers (MI)
Rohrabacher
Rooney
Ros-Lehtinen
Roskam
Royce
Ryan (WI)
Scalise
Schmidt
Schock
Sensenbrenner
Sessions
Shadegg
Shimkus
Shuler
Shuster
Simpson
Smith (NE)
Smith (NJ)
Smith (TX)
Space
Stearns
Sullivan
Taylor
Teague
Terry
Thompson (PA)
Thornberry
Tiahrt
Tiberi
Titus
Turner
Upton
Walden
Westmoreland
Whitfield
Wilson (SC)
Wittman
Wolf
Young (AK)
Young (FL)
NOES--217
Ackerman
Adler (NJ)
Andrews
Baca
Baird
Baldwin
Becerra
Berkley
Berman
Berry
Bishop (GA)
Bishop (NY)
Blumenauer
Boswell
Boyd
Brady (PA)
Braley (IA)
Brown, Corrine
Butterfield
Capps
Capuano
Cardoza
Carnahan
Carney
Carson (IN)
Castor (FL)
Chu
Clarke
Clay
Cleaver
Clyburn
Cohen
Connolly (VA)
Conyers
Cooper
Costa
Costello
Courtney
Critz
Crowley
Cummings
Dahlkemper
Davis (AL)
Davis (CA)
Davis (IL)
DeFazio
DeGette
Delahunt
DeLauro
Deutch
Dicks
Dingell
Doggett
Doyle
Driehaus
Edwards (MD)
Ellison
Engel
Eshoo
Etheridge
Farr
Fattah
Filner
Frank (MA)
Fudge
Garamendi
Gonzalez
Gordon (TN)
Grayson
Green, Al
Green, Gene
Grijalva
Gutierrez
Hall (NY)
Halvorson
Hare
Harman
Hastings (FL)
Heinrich
Higgins
Himes
Hinchey
Hinojosa
Hirono
Holden
Holt
Honda
Hoyer
Inslee
Israel
Jackson (IL)
Jackson Lee (TX)
Johnson (GA)
Johnson, E. B.
Kagen
Kanjorski
Kaptur
Kennedy
Kildee
Kilpatrick (MI)
Kilroy
Kind
Kissell
Kosmas
Kucinich
Langevin
Larsen (WA)
Larson (CT)
Lee (CA)
Levin
Lewis (GA)
Lipinski
Loebsack
Lofgren, Zoe
Lowey
Lujan
Lynch
Maloney
Markey (CO)
Markey (MA)
Matheson
Matsui
McCarthy (NY)
McCollum
McDermott
McGovern
McMahon
Meek (FL)
Meeks (NY)
Melancon
Michaud
Miller (NC)
Miller, George
Mollohan
Moore (KS)
Moore (WI)
Moran (VA)
Murphy (CT)
Murphy (NY)
Murphy, Patrick
Nadler (NY)
Napolitano
Neal (MA)
Oberstar
Obey
Olver
Ortiz
Owens
Pallone
Pascrell
Pastor (AZ)
Paul
Payne
Pelosi
Perlmutter
Peters
Pingree (ME)
Polis (CO)
Pomeroy
Price (NC)
Quigley
Rahall
Rangel
Reyes
Richardson
Rodriguez
Ross
Roybal-Allard
Ruppersberger
Rush
Ryan (OH)
Salazar
Sanchez, Linda T.
Sanchez, Loretta
Sarbanes
Schakowsky
Schauer
Schiff
Schrader
Schwartz
Scott (GA)
Scott (VA)
Serrano
Sestak
Shea-Porter
Sherman
Sires
Skelton
Slaughter
Smith (WA)
Snyder
Speier
Spratt
Stark
Stupak
Sutton
Tanner
Thompson (CA)
Thompson (MS)
Tierney
Tonko
Towns
Tsongas
Van Hollen
Velazquez
Walz
Wasserman Schultz
Waters
Watson
Watt
Waxman
Weiner
Welch
Wilson (OH)
Woolsey
Wu
Yarmuth
NOT VOTING--8
Barrett (SC)
Blunt
Brown (SC)
Hoekstra
Pence
Rothman (NJ)
Visclosky
Wamp
[[Page H4828]]
{time} 1617
Messrs. LEVIN and SCHRADER changed their vote from ``aye'' to ``no.''
Messrs. ALTMIRE, HODES, and HILL changed their vote from ``no'' to
``aye.''
So the motion to recommit was rejected.
The result of the vote was announced as above recorded.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the passage of the bill.
The question was taken; and the Speaker pro tempore announced that
the ayes appeared to have it.
Recorded Vote
Mr. BARTON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I demand a recorded vote.
A recorded vote was ordered.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. This is a 5-minute vote.
The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were--ayes 219,
noes 206, not voting 8, as follows:
[Roll No. 391]
AYES--219
Ackerman
Adler (NJ)
Altmire
Andrews
Arcuri
Baca
Baird
Baldwin
Becerra
Berkley
Berman
Berry
Bishop (NY)
Blumenauer
Boccieri
Boswell
Boucher
Brady (PA)
Braley (IA)
Brown, Corrine
Cao
Capps
Capuano
Cardoza
Carnahan
Carney
Carson (IN)
Castle
Castor (FL)
Chandler
Chu
Clay
Cleaver
Clyburn
Cohen
Connolly (VA)
Conyers
Cooper
Costa
Costello
Courtney
Crowley
Cuellar
Cummings
Davis (AL)
Davis (CA)
DeFazio
DeGette
Delahunt
DeLauro
Deutch
Dicks
Dingell
Doggett
Doyle
Driehaus
Edwards (TX)
Ellison
Ellsworth
Engel
Eshoo
Etheridge
Farr
Fattah
Filner
Foster
Frank (MA)
Garamendi
Giffords
Gonzalez
Gordon (TN)
Grayson
Green, Al
Green, Gene
Grijalva
Gutierrez
Hall (NY)
Halvorson
Hare
Harman
Heinrich
Higgins
Himes
Hinchey
Hinojosa
Hirono
Hodes
Holt
Honda
Hoyer
Inslee
Israel
Jackson (IL)
Jackson Lee (TX)
Johnson (GA)
Johnson, E. B.
Kagen
Kanjorski
Kaptur
Kennedy
Kildee
Kilroy
Kind
Kirkpatrick (AZ)
Kissell
Klein (FL)
Kosmas
Kucinich
Langevin
Larsen (WA)
Larson (CT)
Lee (CA)
Levin
Lewis (GA)
Lipinski
Loebsack
Lofgren, Zoe
Lowey
Lujan
Lynch
Maffei
Maloney
Markey (CO)
Markey (MA)
Matheson
Matsui
McCollum
McDermott
McGovern
McMahon
McNerney
Meek (FL)
Meeks (NY)
Melancon
Michaud
Miller (NC)
Miller, George
Mollohan
Moore (KS)
Moore (WI)
Moran (VA)
Murphy (CT)
Murphy (NY)
Murphy, Patrick
Nadler (NY)
Napolitano
Neal (MA)
Oberstar
Obey
Olver
Ortiz
Pallone
Pascrell
Pastor (AZ)
Pelosi
Perlmutter
Perriello
Peters
Pingree (ME)
Polis (CO)
Pomeroy
Price (NC)
Quigley
Rahall
Rangel
Reyes
Richardson
Rodriguez
Ross
Roybal-Allard
Ruppersberger
Ryan (OH)
Salazar
Sanchez, Linda T.
Sanchez, Loretta
Sarbanes
Schakowsky
Schauer
Schiff
Schrader
Schwartz
Scott (GA)
Scott (VA)
Serrano
Sestak
Shea-Porter
Sherman
Shuler
Sires
Skelton
Slaughter
Smith (WA)
Snyder
Space
Speier
Spratt
Stark
Stupak
Sutton
Tanner
Teague
Thompson (CA)
Tierney
Titus
Tonko
Towns
Tsongas
Van Hollen
Velazquez
Walz
Wasserman Schultz
Watson
Waxman
Weiner
Welch
Wilson (OH)
Woolsey
Wu
Yarmuth
NOES--206
Aderholt
Akin
Alexander
Austria
Bachmann
Bachus
Barrow
Bartlett
Barton (TX)
Bean
Biggert
Bilbray
Bilirakis
Bishop (GA)
Bishop (UT)
Blackburn
Boehner
Bonner
Bono Mack
Boozman
Boren
Boustany
Boyd
Brady (TX)
Bright
Broun (GA)
Brown-Waite, Ginny
Buchanan
Burgess
Burton (IN)
Butterfield
Buyer
Calvert
Camp
Campbell
Cantor
Capito
Carter
Cassidy
Chaffetz
Childers
Clarke
Coble
Coffman (CO)
Cole
Conaway
Crenshaw
Critz
Culberson
Dahlkemper
Davis (IL)
Davis (KY)
Davis (TN)
Dent
Diaz-Balart, L.
Diaz-Balart, M.
Djou
Donnelly (IN)
Dreier
Duncan
Edwards (MD)
Ehlers
Emerson
Fallin
Flake
Fleming
Forbes
Fortenberry
Foxx
Franks (AZ)
Frelinghuysen
Fudge
Gallegly
Garrett (NJ)
Gerlach
Gingrey (GA)
Gohmert
Goodlatte
Granger
Graves (GA)
Graves (MO)
Griffith
Guthrie
Hall (TX)
Harper
Hastings (FL)
Hastings (WA)
Heller
Hensarling
Herger
Herseth Sandlin
Hill
Holden
Hunter
Inglis
Issa
Jenkins
Johnson (IL)
Johnson, Sam
Jones
Jordan (OH)
Kilpatrick (MI)
King (IA)
King (NY)
Kingston
Kirk
Kline (MN)
Kratovil
Lamborn
Lance
Latham
LaTourette
Latta
Lee (NY)
Lewis (CA)
Linder
LoBiondo
Lucas
Luetkemeyer
Lummis
Lungren, Daniel E.
Mack
Manzullo
Marchant
Marshall
McCarthy (CA)
McCarthy (NY)
McCaul
McClintock
McCotter
McHenry
McIntyre
McKeon
McMorris Rodgers
Mica
Miller (FL)
Miller (MI)
Miller, Gary
Minnick
Mitchell
Moran (KS)
Murphy, Tim
Myrick
Neugebauer
Nunes
Nye
Olson
Owens
Paul
Paulsen
Payne
Peterson
Petri
Pitts
Platts
Poe (TX)
Posey
Price (GA)
Putnam
Radanovich
Rehberg
Reichert
Roe (TN)
Rogers (AL)
Rogers (KY)
Rogers (MI)
Rohrabacher
Rooney
Ros-Lehtinen
Roskam
Royce
Rush
Ryan (WI)
Scalise
Schmidt
Schock
Sensenbrenner
Sessions
Shadegg
Shimkus
Shuster
Simpson
Smith (NE)
Smith (NJ)
Smith (TX)
Stearns
Sullivan
Taylor
Terry
Thompson (MS)
Thompson (PA)
Thornberry
Tiahrt
Tiberi
Turner
Upton
Walden
Waters
Watt
Westmoreland
Whitfield
Wilson (SC)
Wittman
Wolf
Young (AK)
Young (FL)
NOT VOTING--8
Barrett (SC)
Blunt
Brown (SC)
Hoekstra
Pence
Rothman (NJ)
Visclosky
Wamp
Announcement by the Speaker Pro Tempore
The SPEAKER pro tempore (during the vote). There is 1 minute
remaining in this vote.
{time} 1629
So the bill was passed.
The result of the vote was announced as above recorded.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.
____________________