[Congressional Record Volume 155, Number 136 (Thursday, September 24, 2009)]
[Senate]
[Pages S9812-S9817]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




             ENHANCED PARTNERSHIP WITH PAKISTAN ACT OF 2009

  Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate 
proceed to the immediate consideration of S. 1707, introduced earlier 
today.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The clerk will report the bill by title.
  The legislative clerk read as follows:

       A bill (S. 1707) to authorize appropriations for fiscal 
     year 2010 through 2014 to promote an enhanced strategic 
     partnership with Pakistan and its people, and for other 
     purposes.

  There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the bill.
  Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the bill be 
read three times and passed, the motions to reconsider be laid upon the 
table, with no intervening action or debate, and any statements related 
to the bill be printed in the Record.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The bill (S. 1707) was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, 
was read the third time, and passed, as follows:

                                S. 1707

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

       (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Enhanced 
     Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009''.
       (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act 
     is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 3. Findings.
Sec. 4. Statement of principles.

 TITLE I--DEMOCRATIC, ECONOMIC, AND DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FOR PAKISTAN

Sec. 101. Authorization of assistance.
Sec. 102. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 103. Auditing.

               TITLE II--SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR PAKISTAN

Sec. 201. Purposes of assistance.
Sec. 202. Authorization of assistance.
Sec. 203. Limitations on certain assistance.
Sec. 204. Pakistan Counterinsurgency Capability Fund.
Sec. 205. Requirements for civilian control of certain assistance.

 TITLE III--STRATEGY, ACCOUNTABILITY, MONITORING, AND OTHER PROVISIONS

Sec. 301. Strategy Reports.
Sec. 302. Monitoring Reports.

     SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

       In this Act:
       (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--Except as 
     otherwise provided in this Act, the term ``appropriate 
     congressional committees'' means the Committees on 
     Appropriations and Foreign Relations of the Senate and the 
     Committees on Appropriations and Foreign Affairs of the House 
     of Representatives.
       (2) Counterinsurgency.--The term ``counterinsurgency'' 
     means efforts to defeat organized movements that seek to 
     overthrow the duly constituted Governments of Pakistan and 
     Afghanistan through violent means.
       (3) Counterterrorism.--The term ``counterterrorism'' means 
     efforts to combat al Qaeda and other foreign terrorist 
     organizations that are designated by the Secretary of State 
     in accordance with section 219 of the Immigration and 
     Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189), or other individuals and 
     entities engaged in terrorist activity or support for such 
     activity.
       (4) FATA.--The term ``FATA'' means the Federally 
     Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan.
       (5) Frontier crimes regulation.--The term ``Frontier Crimes 
     Regulation'' means the Frontier Crimes Regulation, codified 
     under British law in 1901, and applicable to the FATA.
       (6) Impact evaluation research.--The term ``impact 
     evaluation research'' means the application of research 
     methods and statistical analysis to measure the extent to 
     which change in a population-based outcome can be attributed 
     to program intervention instead of other environmental 
     factors.
       (7) Major defense equipment.--The term ``major defense 
     equipment'' has the meaning given the term in section 47(6) 
     of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2794(6)).
       (8) NWFP.--The term ``NWFP'' means the North West Frontier 
     Province of Pakistan, which has Peshawar as its provincial 
     capital.
       (9) Operations research.--The term ``operations research'' 
     means the application of social science research methods, 
     statistical analysis, and other appropriate scientific 
     methods to judge, compare, and improve policies and program 
     outcomes, from the earliest stages of defining and designing 
     programs through their development and implementation, with 
     the objective of the rapid dissemination of conclusions and 
     concrete impact on programming.
       (10) Security forces of pakistan.--The term ``security 
     forces of Pakistan'' means the military and intelligence 
     services of the Government of Pakistan, including the Armed 
     Forces, Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate, Intelligence 
     Bureau, police forces, levies, Frontier Corps, and Frontier 
     Constabulary.
       (11) Security-related assistance.--The term ``security-
     related assistance''--
       (A) means--
       (i) grant assistance to carry out section 23 of the Arms 
     Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763); and
       (ii) assistance under chapter 2 of part II of the Foreign 
     Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2311 et. seq); but
       (B) does not include--
       (i) assistance authorized to be appropriated or otherwise 
     made available under any provision of law that is funded from 
     accounts within budget function 050 (National Defense); and
       (ii) amounts appropriated or otherwise available to the 
     Pakistan Counterinsurgency Capability Fund established under 
     the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111-
     32).

     SEC. 3. FINDINGS.

       Congress finds the following:
       (1) The people of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the 
     United States share a long history of friendship and comity, 
     and the interests of both nations are well-served by 
     strengthening and deepening this friendship.
       (2) Since 2001, the United States has contributed more than 
     $15,000,000,000 to Pakistan, of which more than 
     $10,000,000,000 has been security-related assistance and 
     direct payments.
       (3) With the free and fair election of February 18, 2008, 
     Pakistan returned to civilian rule, reversing years of 
     political tension and mounting popular concern over military 
     rule and Pakistan's own democratic reform and political 
     development.
       (4) Pakistan is a major non-NATO ally of the United States 
     and has been a valuable partner in the battle against al 
     Qaeda and the Taliban, but much more remains to be 
     accomplished by both nations.
       (5) The struggle against al Qaeda, the Taliban, and 
     affiliated terrorist groups has

[[Page S9813]]

     led to the deaths of several thousand Pakistani civilians and 
     members of the security forces of Pakistan over the past 
     seven years.
       (6) Despite killing or capturing hundreds of al Qaeda 
     operatives and other terrorists--including major al Qaeda 
     leaders, such as Khalid Sheikh Muhammad, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, 
     and Abu Faraj al-Libi--the FATA, parts of the NWFP, Quetta in 
     Balochistan, and Muridke in Punjab remain a sanctuary for al 
     Qaeda, the Afghan Taliban, the Terikh-e Taliban and 
     affiliated groups from which these groups organize terrorist 
     actions against Pakistan and other countries.
       (7) The security forces of Pakistan have struggled to 
     contain a Taliban-backed insurgency, recently taking direct 
     action against those who threaten Pakistan's security and 
     stability, including military operations in the FATA and the 
     NWFP.
       (8) On March 27, 2009, President Obama noted, ``Multiple 
     intelligence estimates have warned that al Qaeda is actively 
     planning attacks on the United States homeland from its safe-
     haven in Pakistan.''.
       (9) According to a Government Accountability Office report 
     (GAO-08-622), ``since 2003, the [A]dministration's national 
     security strategies and Congress have recognized that a 
     comprehensive plan that includes all elements of national 
     power--diplomatic, military, intelligence, development 
     assistance, economic, and law enforcement support--was needed 
     to address the terrorist threat emanating from the FATA'' and 
     that such a strategy was also mandated by section 7102(b)(3) 
     of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 
     2004 (Public Law 108-458; 22 U.S.C. 2656f note) and section 
     2042(b)(2) of the Implementing the Recommendations of the 9/
     11 Commission Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-53; 22 U.S.C. 2375 
     note).
       (10) During 2008 and 2009, the people of Pakistan have been 
     especially hard hit by rising food and commodity prices and 
     severe energy shortages, with \2/3\ of the population living 
     on less than $2 a day and \1/5\ of the population living 
     below the poverty line according to the United Nations 
     Development Program.
       (11) Economic growth is a fundamental foundation for human 
     security and national stability in Pakistan, a country with 
     more than 175,000,000 people, an annual population growth 
     rate of two percent, and a ranking of 136 out of 177 
     countries in the United Nations Human Development Index.
       (12) The 2009 Pakistani military offensive in the NWFP and 
     the FATA displaced millions of residents in one of the 
     gravest humanitarian crises Pakistan has faced, and despite 
     the heroic efforts of Pakistanis to respond to the needs of 
     the displaced millions and facilitate the return of many, it 
     has highlighted the need for Pakistan to develop an effective 
     national counterinsurgency strategy.

     SEC. 4. STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES.

       Congress declares that the relationship between the United 
     States and Pakistan should be based on the following 
     principles:
       (1) Pakistan is a critical friend and ally to the United 
     States, both in times of strife and in times of peace, and 
     the two countries share many common goals, including 
     combating terrorism and violent radicalism, solidifying 
     democracy and rule of law in Pakistan, and promoting the 
     social and economic development of Pakistan.
       (2) United States assistance to Pakistan is intended to 
     supplement, not supplant, Pakistan's own efforts in building 
     a stable, secure, and prosperous Pakistan.
       (3) The United States requires a balanced, integrated, 
     countrywide strategy for Pakistan that provides assistance 
     throughout the country and does not disproportionately focus 
     on security-related assistance or one particular area or 
     province.
       (4) The United States supports Pakistan's struggle against 
     extremist elements and recognizes the profound sacrifice made 
     by Pakistan in the fight against terrorism, including the 
     loss of more than 1,900 soldiers and police since 2001 in 
     combat with al Qaeda, the Taliban, and other extremist and 
     terrorist groups.
       (5) The United States intends to work with the Government 
     of Pakistan--
       (A) to build mutual trust and confidence by actively and 
     consistently pursuing a sustained, long-term, multifaceted 
     relationship between the two countries, devoted to 
     strengthening the mutual security, stability, and prosperity 
     of both countries;
       (B) to support the people of Pakistan and their democratic 
     government in their efforts to consolidate democracy, 
     including strengthening Pakistan's parliament, helping 
     Pakistan reestablish an independent and transparent judicial 
     system, and working to extend the rule of law in all areas in 
     Pakistan;
       (C) to promote sustainable long-term development and 
     infrastructure projects, including in healthcare, education, 
     water management, and energy programs, in all areas of 
     Pakistan, that are sustained and supported by each successive 
     democratic government in Pakistan;
       (D) to ensure that all the people of Pakistan, including 
     those living in areas governed by the Frontier Crimes 
     Regulation, have access to public, modernized education and 
     vocational training to enable them to provide for themselves, 
     for their families, and for a more prosperous future for 
     their children;
       (E) to support the strengthening of core curricula and the 
     quality of schools across Pakistan, including madrassas, in 
     order to improve the prospects for Pakistani children's 
     futures and eliminate incitements to violence and 
     intolerance;
       (F) to encourage and promote public-private partnerships in 
     Pakistan in order to bolster ongoing development efforts and 
     strengthen economic prospects, especially with respect to 
     opportunities to build civic responsibility and professional 
     skills of the people of Pakistan, including support for 
     institutions of higher learning with international 
     accreditation;
       (G) to expand people-to-people engagement between the two 
     countries, through increased educational, technical, and 
     cultural exchanges and other methods;
       (H) to encourage the development of local analytical 
     capacity to measure program effectiveness and progress on an 
     integrated basis, especially across the areas of United 
     States assistance and payments to Pakistan, and increase 
     accountability for how such assistance and payments are being 
     spent;
       (I) to assist Pakistan's efforts to improve 
     counterterrorism financing and anti-money laundering 
     regulatory structure in order to achieve international 
     standards and encourage Pakistan to apply for ``Financial 
     Action Task Force'' observer status and adhere to the United 
     Nations International Convention for the Suppression of the 
     Financing of Terrorism;
       (J) to strengthen Pakistan's counterinsurgency and 
     counterterrorism strategy to help prevent any territory of 
     Pakistan from being used as a base or conduit for terrorist 
     attacks in Pakistan or elsewhere;
       (K) to strengthen Pakistan's efforts to develop strong and 
     effective law enforcement and national defense forces under 
     civilian leadership;
       (L) to achieve full cooperation in matters of counter-
     proliferation of nuclear materials and related networks;
       (M) to strengthen Pakistan's efforts to gain control of its 
     under-governed areas and address the threat posed by any 
     person or group that conducts violence, sabotage, or other 
     terrorist activities in Pakistan or its neighboring 
     countries; and
       (N) to explore means to consult with and utilize the 
     relevant expertise and skills of the Pakistani-American 
     community.

 TITLE I--DEMOCRATIC, ECONOMIC, AND DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FOR PAKISTAN

     SEC. 101. AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE.

       (a) In General.--The President is authorized to provide 
     assistance to Pakistan--
       (1) to support the consolidation of democratic 
     institutions;
       (2) to support the expansion of rule of law, build the 
     capacity of government institutions, and promote respect for 
     internationally-recognized human rights;
       (3) to promote economic freedoms and sustainable economic 
     development;
       (4) to support investment in people, including those 
     displaced in on-going counterinsurgency operations; and
       (5) to strengthen public diplomacy.
       (b) Activities Supported.--Activities that may be supported 
     by assistance under subsection (a) include the following:
       (1) To support democratic institutions in Pakistan in order 
     to strengthen civilian rule and long-term stability, 
     including assistance such as--
       (A) support for efforts to strengthen Pakistan's 
     institutions, including the capacity of the National 
     Parliament of Pakistan, such as enhancing the capacity of 
     committees to oversee government activities, including 
     national security issues, enhancing the ability of members of 
     parliament to respond to constituents, and supporting of 
     parliamentary leadership;
       (B) support for voter education and civil society training 
     as well as appropriate support for political party capacity 
     building and responsiveness to the needs of all the people of 
     Pakistan; and
       (C) support for strengthening the capacity of the civilian 
     Government of Pakistan to carry out its responsibilities at 
     the national, provincial, and local levels.
       (2) To support Pakistan's efforts to expand rule of law, 
     build the capacity, transparency, and trust in government 
     institutions, and promote internationally recognized human 
     rights, including assistance such as--
       (A) supporting the establishment of frameworks that promote 
     government transparency and criminalize corruption in both 
     the government and private sector;
       (B) support for police professionalization, including 
     training regarding use of force, human rights, and community 
     policing;
       (C) support for independent, efficient, and effective 
     judicial and criminal justice systems, such as case 
     management, training, and efforts to enhance the rule of law 
     to all areas in Pakistan;
       (D) support for the implementation of legal and political 
     reforms in the FATA;
       (E) support to counter the narcotics trade;
       (F) support for internationally recognized human rights, 
     including strengthening civil society and nongovernmental 
     organizations working in the area of internationally 
     recognized human rights, as well as organizations that focus 
     on protection of women and girls, promotion of freedom of 
     religion and religious tolerance, and protection of ethnic or 
     religious minorities; and
       (G) support for promotion of a responsible, capable, and 
     independent media.
       (3) To support economic freedom and economic development in 
     Pakistan, including--
       (A) programs that support sustainable economic growth, 
     including in rural areas, and

[[Page S9814]]

     the sustainable management of natural resources through 
     investments in water resource management systems;
       (B) expansion of agricultural and rural development, such 
     as farm-to-market roads, systems to prevent spoilage and 
     waste, and other small-scale infrastructure improvements;
       (C) investments in energy, including energy generation and 
     cross-border infrastructure projects with Afghanistan;
       (D) employment generation, including increasing investment 
     in infrastructure projects, including construction of roads 
     and the continued development of a national aviation industry 
     and aviation infrastructure, as well as support for small and 
     medium enterprises;
       (E) worker rights, including the right to form labor unions 
     and legally enforce provisions safeguarding the rights of 
     workers and local community stakeholders;
       (F) access to microfinance for small business establishment 
     and income generation, particularly for women; and
       (G) countering radicalization by providing economic, 
     social, educational, and vocational opportunities and life-
     skills training to at-risk youth.
       (4) To support investments in people, particularly women 
     and children, including--
       (A) promoting modern, public primary and secondary 
     education and vocational and technical training, including 
     programs to assist in the development of modern, nationwide 
     school curriculums for public, private, and religious 
     schools; support for the proper oversight of all educational 
     institutions, including religious schools, as required by 
     Pakistani law; initiatives to enhance access to education and 
     vocational and technical training for women and girls and to 
     increase women's literacy, with a special emphasis on helping 
     girls stay in school; and construction and maintenance of 
     libraries and public schools;
       (B) programs relating to higher education to ensure a 
     breadth and consistency of Pakistani graduates, including 
     through public-private partnerships;
       (C) improving quality public health to eliminate diseases 
     such as hepatitis and to reduce maternal and under-five 
     mortality rates;
       (D) building capacity for nongovernmental and civil society 
     organizations, particularly organizations with demonstrated 
     experience in delivering services to the people of Pakistan, 
     particularly to women, children, and other vulnerable 
     populations; and
       (E) support for refugees and internally displaced persons 
     and long-term development in regions of Pakistan where 
     internal conflict has caused large-scale displacement.
       (5) To strengthen public diplomacy to combat militant 
     extremism and promote a better understanding of the United 
     States, including--
       (A) encouraging civil society, respected scholars, and 
     other leaders to speak out against militancy and violence; 
     and
       (B) expanded exchange activities under the Fulbright 
     Program, the International Visitor Leadership Program, the 
     Youth Exchange and Study Program, and related programs 
     administered by the Department of State designed to promote 
     mutual understanding and interfaith dialogue and expand 
     sister institution programs between United States and 
     Pakistani schools and universities.
       (c) Additional and Related Activities.--
       (1) Availability of amounts for pakistani police 
     professionalization, equipping, and training.--Not less than 
     $150,000,000 of the amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2010 
     pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under section 
     102 should be made available for assistance to Pakistan under 
     this section for police professionalization, equipping, and 
     training.
       (2) Availability of amounts for administrative expenses.--
     Up to $10,000,000 of the amounts appropriated for each fiscal 
     year pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under 
     section 102 may be made available for administrative expenses 
     of civilian departments and agencies of the United States 
     Government in connection with the provision of assistance 
     under this section. Such amounts shall be in addition to 
     amounts otherwise available for such purposes.
       (3) Utilizing pakistani organizations.--The President is 
     encouraged, as appropriate, to utilize Pakistani firms and 
     community and local nongovernmental organizations in 
     Pakistan, including through host country contracts, and to 
     work with local leaders to provide assistance under this 
     section.
       (4) Use of direct expenditures.--Amounts appropriated for 
     each fiscal year pursuant to the authorization of 
     appropriations under section 102 or otherwise made available 
     to carry out this section shall be utilized to the maximum 
     extent possible as direct expenditures for projects and 
     programs, subject to existing reporting and notification 
     requirements.
       (5) Chief of mission fund.--Of the amounts appropriated for 
     each fiscal year pursuant to the authorization of 
     appropriations under section 102, up to $5,000,000 may be 
     used by the Secretary of State to establish a fund for use by 
     the Chief of Mission in Pakistan to provide assistance to 
     Pakistan under this title or the Foreign Assistance Act of 
     1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) to address urgent needs or 
     opportunities, consistent with the purposes of this section, 
     or for purposes of humanitarian relief. The fund established 
     pursuant to this paragraph may be referred to as the ``Chief 
     of Mission Fund''.
       (6) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
       (A) the United States should provide robust assistance to 
     the people of Pakistan who have been displaced as a result of 
     ongoing conflict and violence in Pakistan and support 
     international efforts to coordinate assistance to refugees 
     and internally displaced persons in Pakistan, including by 
     providing support to international and nongovernmental 
     organizations for this purpose;
       (B) the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
     International Development should support the development 
     objectives of the Refugee Affected and Host Areas (RAHA) 
     Initiative in Pakistan to address livelihoods, health, 
     education, infrastructure development, and environmental 
     restoration in identified parts of the country where Afghan 
     refugees have lived; and
       (C) the United States should have a coordinated, strategic 
     communications strategy to engage the people of Pakistan and 
     to help ensure the success of the measures authorized by this 
     title.
       (d) Notification.--For fiscal years 2010 through 2014, the 
     President shall notify the appropriate congressional 
     committees not later than 15 days before obligating any 
     assistance under this section as budgetary support to the 
     Government of Pakistan or any element of the Government of 
     Pakistan and shall include in such notification a description 
     of the purpose and conditions attached to any such budgetary 
     support.

     SEC. 102. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       (a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
     the President, for the purposes of providing assistance to 
     Pakistan under this title and to provide assistance to 
     Pakistan under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
     2151 et seq.), up to $1,500,000,000 for each of the fiscal 
     years 2010 through 2014.
       (b) Availability of Funds.--
       (1) In general.--Of the amounts appropriated in each fiscal 
     year pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in 
     subsection (a)--
       (A) none of the amounts appropriated for assistance to 
     Pakistan may be made available after the date that is 60 days 
     after the date of the enactment of this Act unless the 
     Pakistan Assistance Strategy Report has been submitted to the 
     appropriate congressional committees pursuant to section 
     301(a); and
       (B) not more than $750,000,000 may be made available for 
     assistance to Pakistan unless the President's Special 
     Representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan submits to the 
     appropriate congressional committees during such fiscal 
     year--
       (i) a certification that assistance provided to Pakistan 
     under this title or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to 
     date has made or is making reasonable progress toward 
     achieving the principal objectives of United States 
     assistance to Pakistan contained in the Pakistan Assistance 
     Strategy Report; and
       (ii) a memorandum explaining the reasons justifying the 
     certification described in clause (i).
       (2) Maker of certification.--In the event of a vacancy in, 
     or the termination of, the position of the President's 
     Special Representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan, the 
     certification and memorandum described under paragraph (1)(B) 
     may be made by the Secretary of State.
       (c) Waiver.--The Secretary of State may waive the 
     limitations in subsection (b) if the Secretary determines, 
     and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees, 
     that it is in the national security interests of the United 
     States to do so.
       (d) Sense of Congress on Foreign Assistance Funds.--It is 
     the sense of Congress that, subject to an improving political 
     and economic climate in Pakistan, there should be authorized 
     to be appropriated up to $1,500,000,000 for each of the 
     fiscal years 2015 through 2019 for the purpose of providing 
     assistance to Pakistan under the Foreign Assistance Act of 
     1961.

     SEC. 103. AUDITING.

       (a) Assistance Authorized.--The Inspector General of the 
     Department of State, the Inspector General of the United 
     States Agency for International Development, and the 
     inspectors general of other Federal departments and agencies 
     (other than the Inspector General of the Department of 
     Defense) carrying out programs, projects, and activities 
     using amounts appropriated to carry out this title shall 
     audit, investigate, and oversee the obligation and 
     expenditure of such amounts.
       (b) Authorization for In-Country Presence.--The Inspector 
     General of the Department of State and the Inspector General 
     of the United States Agency for International Development, 
     after consultation with the Secretary of State and the 
     Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
     Development, are authorized to establish field offices in 
     Pakistan with sufficient staff from each of the Offices of 
     the Inspector General, respectively, to carry out subsection 
     (a).
       (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--
       (1) In general.--Of the amounts authorized to be 
     appropriated under section 102 for each of the fiscal years 
     2010 through 2014, up to $30,000,000 for each fiscal year is 
     authorized to be made available to carry out this section.
       (2) Relation to other available funds.--Amounts made 
     available under paragraph (1) are in addition to amounts 
     otherwise available for such purposes.

[[Page S9815]]

               TITLE II--SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR PAKISTAN

     SEC. 201. PURPOSES OF ASSISTANCE.

       The purposes of assistance under this title are--
       (1) to support Pakistan's paramount national security need 
     to fight and win the ongoing counterinsurgency within its 
     borders in accordance with its national security interests;
       (2) to work with the Government of Pakistan to improve 
     Pakistan's border security and control and help prevent any 
     Pakistani territory from being used as a base or conduit for 
     terrorist attacks in Pakistan, or elsewhere;
       (3) to work in close cooperation with the Government of 
     Pakistan to coordinate action against extremist and terrorist 
     targets; and
       (4) to help strengthen the institutions of democratic 
     governance and promote control of military institutions by a 
     democratically elected civilian government.

     SEC. 202. AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE.

       (a) International Military Education and Training.--
       (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
     such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 
     2010 through 2014 for assistance under chapter 5 of part II 
     of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2347 et 
     seq.; relating to international military education and 
     training) for Pakistan, including expanded international 
     military education and training (commonly known as ``E-
     IMET'').
       (2) Use of funds.--It is the sense of Congress that a 
     substantial amount of funds made available to carry out this 
     subsection for a fiscal year should be used to pay for 
     courses of study and training in counterinsurgency and civil-
     military relations.
       (b) Foreign Military Financing Program.--
       (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
     such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 
     2010 through 2014 for grant assistance under section 23 of 
     the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763; relating to the 
     Foreign Military Financing program) for the purchase of 
     defense articles, defense services, and military education 
     and training for Pakistan.
       (2) Use of funds.--
       (A) In general.--A significant portion of the amount made 
     available to carry out this subsection for a fiscal year 
     shall be for the purchase of defense articles, defense 
     services, and military education and training for activities 
     relating to counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations 
     in Pakistan.
       (B) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that a 
     significant majority of funds made available to carry out 
     this subsection for a fiscal year should be used for the 
     purpose described in subparagraph (A).
       (3) Additional authority.--Except as provided in sections 3 
     and 102 of the Arms Export Control Act, the second section 
     620J of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (as added by 
     Public Law 110-161), and any provision of an Act making 
     appropriations for the Department of State, foreign 
     operations, and related programs that restricts assistance to 
     the government of any country whose duly elected head of 
     government is deposed by military coup or decree, and except 
     as otherwise provided in this title, amounts authorized to be 
     made available to carry out paragraph (2) for fiscal years 
     2010 and 2011 are authorized to be made available 
     notwithstanding any other provision of law.
       (4) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``defense 
     articles'', ``defense services'', and ``military education 
     and training'' have the meaning given such terms in section 
     644 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403).
       (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
     the United States should facilitate Pakistan's establishment 
     of a program to provide reconstruction assistance, including 
     through Pakistan's military as appropriate, in areas damaged 
     by combat operations.
       (d) Exchange Program Between Military and Civilian 
     Personnel of Pakistan and Certain Other Countries.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary of State is authorized to 
     establish an exchange program between--
       (A) military and civilian personnel of Pakistan; and
       (B)(i) military and civilian personnel of countries 
     determined by the Secretary of State to be in the process of 
     consolidating and strengthening a democratic form of 
     government; or
       (ii) military and civilian personnel of North Atlantic 
     Treaty Organization member countries,
     in order to foster greater mutual respect for and 
     understanding of the principle of civilian rule of the 
     military.
       (2) Elements of program.--The program authorized under 
     paragraph (1) may include conferences, seminars, exchanges, 
     and other events, distribution of publications and 
     reimbursements of expenses of foreign military personnel 
     participating in the program, including transportation, 
     translation and administrative expenses.
       (3) Role of nongovernmental organizations.--Amounts 
     authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section for a 
     fiscal year are authorized to be made available for 
     nongovernmental organizations to facilitate the 
     implementation of the program authorized under paragraph (1).
       (4) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of 
     the fiscal years 2010 through 2014 to carry out the program 
     established by this subsection.

     SEC. 203. LIMITATIONS ON CERTAIN ASSISTANCE.

       (a) Limitation on Security-Related Assistance.--For fiscal 
     years 2011 through 2014, no security-related assistance may 
     be provided to Pakistan in a fiscal year until the Secretary 
     of State, under the direction of the President, makes the 
     certification required under subsection (c) for such fiscal 
     year.
       (b) Limitation on Arms Transfers.--For fiscal years 2012 
     through 2014, no letter of offer to sell major defense 
     equipment to Pakistan may be issued pursuant to the Arms 
     Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) and no license to 
     export major defense equipment to Pakistan may be issued 
     pursuant to such Act in a fiscal year until the Secretary of 
     State, under the direction of the President, makes the 
     certification required under subsection (c) for such fiscal 
     year.
       (c) Certification.--The certification required by this 
     subsection is a certification by the Secretary of State, 
     under the direction of the President, to the appropriate 
     congressional committees that--
       (1) the Government of Pakistan is continuing to cooperate 
     with the United States in efforts to dismantle supplier 
     networks relating to the acquisition of nuclear weapons-
     related materials, such as providing relevant information 
     from or direct access to Pakistani nationals associated with 
     such networks;
       (2) the Government of Pakistan during the preceding fiscal 
     year has demonstrated a sustained commitment to and is making 
     significant efforts towards combating terrorist groups, 
     consistent with the purposes of assistance described in 
     section 201, including taking into account the extent to 
     which the Government of Pakistan has made progress on matters 
     such as--
       (A) ceasing support, including by any elements within the 
     Pakistan military or its intelligence agency, to extremist 
     and terrorist groups, particularly to any group that has 
     conducted attacks against United States or coalition forces 
     in Afghanistan, or against the territory or people of 
     neighboring countries;
       (B) preventing al Qaeda, the Taliban and associated 
     terrorist groups, such as Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-
     Mohammed, from operating in the territory of Pakistan, 
     including carrying out cross-border attacks into neighboring 
     countries, closing terrorist camps in the FATA, dismantling 
     terrorist bases of operations in other parts of the country, 
     including Quetta and Muridke, and taking action when provided 
     with intelligence about high-level terrorist targets; and
       (C) strengthening counterterrorism and anti-money 
     laundering laws; and
       (3) the security forces of Pakistan are not materially and 
     substantially subverting the political or judicial processes 
     of Pakistan.
       (d) Certain Payments.--
       (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), none of the 
     funds appropriated for security-related assistance for fiscal 
     years 2010 through 2014, or any amounts appropriated to the 
     Pakistan Counterinsurgency Capability Fund established under 
     the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111-
     32), may be obligated or expended to make payments relating 
     to--
       (A) the Letter of Offer and Acceptance PK-D-YAD signed 
     between the Governments of the United States of America and 
     Pakistan on September 30, 2006;
       (B) the Letter of Offer and Acceptance PK-D-NAP signed 
     between the Governments of the United States of America and 
     Pakistan on September 30, 2006; and
       (C) the Letter of Offer and Acceptance PK-D-SAF signed 
     between the Governments of the United States of America and 
     Pakistan on September 30, 2006.
       (2) Exception.--Funds appropriated for security-related 
     assistance for fiscal years 2010 through 2014 may be used for 
     construction and related activities carried out pursuant to 
     the Letters of Offer and Acceptance described in paragraph 
     (1).
       (e) Waiver.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary of State, under the 
     direction of the President, may waive the limitations 
     contained in subsections (a), (b), and (d) for a fiscal year 
     if the Secretary of State determines that is important to the 
     national security interests of the United States to do so.
       (2) Prior notice of waiver.--The Secretary of State, under 
     the direction of the President, may not exercise the 
     authority of paragraph (1) until 7 days after the Secretary 
     of State provides to the appropriate congressional committees 
     a written notice of the intent to issue to waiver and the 
     reasons therefor. The notice may be submitted in classified 
     or unclassified form, as necessary.
       (f) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this 
     section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
     means--
       (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on 
     Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and Government 
     Reform, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of 
     the House of Representatives; and
       (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on 
     Armed Services, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of 
     the Senate.

[[Page S9816]]

     SEC. 204. PAKISTAN COUNTERINSURGENCY CAPABILITY FUND.

       (a) For Fiscal Year 2010.--
       (1) In general.--For fiscal year 2010, the Department of 
     State's Pakistan Counterinsurgency Capability Fund 
     established under the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 
     (Public Law 111-32), hereinafter in this section referred to 
     as the ``Fund'', shall consist of the following:
       (A) Amounts appropriated to carry out this subsection 
     (which may not include any amounts appropriated to carry out 
     title I of this Act).
       (B) Amounts otherwise available to the Secretary of State 
     to carry out this subsection.
       (2) Purposes of fund.--Amounts in the Fund made available 
     to carry out this subsection for any fiscal year are 
     authorized to be used by the Secretary of State, with the 
     concurrence of the Secretary of Defense, to build and 
     maintain the counterinsurgency capability of Pakistan under 
     the same terms and conditions (except as otherwise provided 
     in this subsection) that are applicable to amounts made 
     available under the Fund for fiscal year 2009.
       (3) Transfer authority.--
       (A) In general.--The Secretary of State is authorized to 
     transfer amounts in the Fund made available to carry out this 
     subsection for any fiscal year to the Department of Defense's 
     Pakistan Counterinsurgency Fund established under the 
     Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111-32) and 
     such amounts may be transferred back to the Fund if the 
     Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary 
     of State, determines that such amounts are not needed for the 
     purposes for which initially transferred.
       (B) Treatment of transferred funds.--Subject to subsections 
     (d) and (e) of section 203, transfers from the Fund under the 
     authority of subparagraph (A) shall be merged with and be 
     available for the same purposes and for the same time period 
     as amounts in the Department of Defense's Pakistan 
     Counterinsurgency Fund.
       (C) Relation to other authorities.--The authority to 
     provide assistance under this subsection is in addition to 
     any other authority to provide assistance to foreign 
     countries.
       (D) Notification.--The Secretary of State shall, not less 
     than 15 days prior to making transfers from the Fund under 
     subparagraph (A), notify the appropriate congressional 
     committees in writing of the details of any such transfer.
       (b) Submission of Notifications.--Any notification required 
     by this section may be submitted in classified or 
     unclassified form, as necessary.
       (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this 
     section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
     means--
       (1) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed 
     Services, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
     of Representatives; and
       (2) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed 
     Services, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
     Senate.

     SEC. 205. REQUIREMENTS FOR CIVILIAN CONTROL OF CERTAIN 
                   ASSISTANCE.

       (a) Requirements.--
       (1) In general.--For fiscal years 2010 through 2014, any 
     direct cash security-related assistance or non-assistance 
     payments by the United States to the Government of Pakistan 
     may only be provided or made to civilian authorities of a 
     civilian government of Pakistan.
       (2) Documentation.--For fiscal years 2010 through 2014, the 
     Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of 
     Defense, shall ensure that civilian authorities of a civilian 
     government of Pakistan have received a copy of final 
     documentation provided to the United States related to non-
     assistance payments provided or made to the Government of 
     Pakistan.
       (b) Waiver.--
       (1) Security-related assistance.--The Secretary of State, 
     in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, may waive the 
     requirements of subsection (a) with respect to security-
     related assistance described in subsection (a) funded from 
     accounts within budget function 150 (International Affairs) 
     if the Secretary of State certifies to the appropriate 
     congressional committees that the waiver is important to the 
     national security interest of the United States.
       (2) Non-assistance payments.--The Secretary of Defense, in 
     consultation with the Secretary of State, may waive the 
     requirements of subsection (a) with respect to non-assistance 
     payments described in subsection (a) funded from accounts 
     within budget function 050 (National Defense) if the 
     Secretary of Defense certifies to the appropriate 
     congressional committees that the waiver is important to the 
     national security interest of the United States.
       (c) Application to Certain Activities.--Nothing in this 
     section shall apply with respect to--
       (1) any activities subject to reporting requirements under 
     title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 413 
     et seq.);
       (2) any assistance to promote democratic elections or 
     public participation in democratic processes;
       (3) any assistance or payments if the Secretary of State 
     determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional 
     committees that subsequent to the termination of assistance 
     or payments a democratically elected government has taken 
     office;
       (4) any assistance or payments made pursuant to section 
     1208 of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization 
     Act for Fiscal Year 2005 (Public Law 108-375; 118 Stat. 
     2086), as amended;
       (5) any payments made pursuant to the Acquisition and 
     Cross-Servicing Agreement between the Department of Defense 
     of the United States of America and the Ministry of Defense 
     of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan; and
       (6) any assistance or payments made pursuant to section 943 
     of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for 
     Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110-417; 122 Stat. 4578).
       (d) Definitions.--In this section--
       (1) the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means 
     the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, and Foreign 
     Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committees on 
     Appropriations, Armed Services, and Foreign Relations of the 
     Senate; and
       (2) the term ``civilian government of Pakistan'' does not 
     include any government of Pakistan whose duly elected head of 
     government is deposed by military coup or decree.

 TITLE III--STRATEGY, ACCOUNTABILITY, MONITORING, AND OTHER PROVISIONS

     SEC. 301. STRATEGY REPORTS.

       (a) Pakistan Assistance Strategy Report.--Not later than 45 
     days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
     of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
     committees a report describing United States policy and 
     strategy with respect to assistance to Pakistan under this 
     Act. The report shall include the following:
       (1) A description of the principal objectives of United 
     States assistance to Pakistan to be provided under title I of 
     this Act.
       (2) A general description of the specific programs, 
     projects, and activities designed to achieve the purposes of 
     section 101 and the respective funding levels for such 
     programs, projects, and activities for fiscal years 2010 
     through 2014.
       (3) A plan for program monitoring, operations research, and 
     impact evaluation research for assistance authorized under 
     title I of this Act.
       (4) A description of the role to be played by Pakistani 
     national, regional, and local officials and members of 
     Pakistani civil society and local private sector, civic, 
     religious, and tribal leaders in helping to identify and 
     implement programs and projects for which assistance is to be 
     provided under this Act, and of consultations with such 
     representatives in developing the strategy.
       (5) A description of the steps taken, or to be taken, to 
     ensure assistance provided under this Act is not awarded to 
     individuals or entities affiliated with terrorist 
     organizations.
       (6) A projection of the levels of assistance to be provided 
     to Pakistan under this Act, broken down into the following 
     categories as described in the annual ``Report on the 
     Criteria and Methodology for Determining the Eligibility of 
     Candidate Countries for Millennium Challenge Account 
     Assistance'':
       (A) Civil liberties.
       (B) Political rights.
       (C) Voice and accountability.
       (D) Government effectiveness.
       (E) Rule of law.
       (F) Control of corruption.
       (G) Immunization rates.
       (H) Public expenditure on health.
       (I) Girls' primary education completion rate.
       (J) Public expenditure on primary education.
       (K) Natural resource management.
       (L) Business start-up.
       (M) Land rights and access.
       (N) Trade policy.
       (O) Regulatory quality.
       (P) Inflation control.
       (Q) Fiscal policy.
       (7) An analysis for the suitable replacement for existing 
     Pakistani helicopters, including recommendations for 
     sustainment and training.
       (b) Comprehensive Regional Strategy Report.--
       (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
     the achievement of United States national security goals to 
     eliminate terrorist threats and close safe havens in Pakistan 
     requires the development of a comprehensive plan that 
     utilizes all elements of national power, including in 
     coordination and cooperation with other concerned 
     governments, and that it is critical to Pakistan's long-term 
     prosperity and security to strengthen regional relationships 
     among India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
       (2) Comprehensive regional security strategy.--The 
     President shall develop a comprehensive interagency regional 
     security strategy to eliminate terrorist threats and close 
     safe havens in Pakistan, including by working with the 
     Government of Pakistan and other relevant governments and 
     organizations in the region and elsewhere, as appropriate, to 
     best implement effective counterinsurgency and 
     counterterrorism efforts in and near the border areas of 
     Pakistan and Afghanistan, including the FATA, the NWFP, parts 
     of Balochistan, and parts of Punjab.
       (3) Report.--
       (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
     the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the 
     appropriate congressional committees a report on the 
     comprehensive regional security strategy required under 
     paragraph (2).

[[Page S9817]]

       (B) Contents.--The report shall include a copy of the 
     comprehensive regional security strategy, including 
     specifications of goals, and proposed timelines and budgets 
     for implementation of the strategy.
       (C) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this 
     paragraph, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
     means--
       (i) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed 
     Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent 
     Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
     Representatives; and
       (ii) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on 
     Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the 
     Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.
       (c) Security-Related Assistance Plan.--Not later than 180 
     days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
     Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate 
     congressional committees a plan for the proposed use of 
     amounts authorized for security-related assistance for each 
     of the fiscal years 2010 through 2014. Such plan shall 
     include an assessment of how the use of such amounts 
     complements or otherwise is related to amounts described in 
     section 204.

     SEC. 302. MONITORING REPORTS.

       (a) Semi-Annual Monitoring Report.--Not later than 180 days 
     after the submission of the Pakistan Assistance Strategy 
     Report pursuant to section 301(a), and every 180 days 
     thereafter through September 30, 2014, the Secretary of 
     State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall 
     submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
     that describes the assistance provided under this Act during 
     the preceding 180-day period. The report shall include--
       (1) a description of all assistance by program, project, 
     and activity, as well as by geographic area, provided 
     pursuant to title I of this Act during the period covered by 
     the report, including the amount of assistance provided for 
     each program or project, and with respect to the first report 
     a description of all amounts made available for assistance to 
     Pakistan during fiscal year 2009, including a description of 
     each program, project, and activity for which funds were made 
     available;
       (2) a list of persons or entities from the United States or 
     other countries that have received funds in excess of 
     $100,000 to conduct projects under title I of this Act during 
     the period covered by the report, which may be included in a 
     classified annex, if necessary to avoid a security risk, and 
     a justification for the classification;
       (3) with respect to the plan described in section 
     301(a)(3), updates to such plan and a description of best 
     practices to improve the impact of the assistance authorized 
     under title I of this Act;
       (4) an assessment of the effectiveness of assistance 
     provided under title I of this Act during the period covered 
     by the report in achieving desired objectives and outcomes as 
     guided by the plan described in section 301(a)(3), and as 
     updated pursuant to paragraph (3) of this subsection, 
     including a systematic, qualitative, and where possible, 
     quantitative basis for assessing whether desired outcomes are 
     achieved and a timeline for completion of each project and 
     program;
       (5) a description of any shortfall in United States 
     financial, physical, technical, or human resources that 
     hinder the effective use and monitoring of such funds;
       (6) a description of any negative impact, including the 
     absorptive capacity of the region for which the resources are 
     intended, of United States bilateral or multilateral 
     assistance and recommendations for modification of funding, 
     if any;
       (7) any incidents or reports of waste, fraud, and abuse of 
     expenditures under title I of this Act;
       (8) the amount of funds authorized to be appropriated 
     pursuant to section 102 that were used during the reporting 
     period for administrative expenses or for audits and program 
     reviews pursuant to the authority under sections 101(c)(2) 
     and 103;
       (9) a description of the expenditures made from any Chief 
     of Mission Fund established pursuant to section 101(c)(5) 
     during the period covered by the report, the purposes for 
     which such expenditures were made, and a list of the 
     recipients of any expenditures from the Chief of Mission Fund 
     in excess of $100,000;
       (10) an accounting of assistance provided to Pakistan under 
     title I of this Act, broken down into the categories set 
     forth in section 301(a)(6);
       (11) an evaluation of efforts undertaken by the Government 
     of Pakistan to--
       (A) disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda, the Taliban, 
     and other extremist and terrorist groups in the FATA and 
     settled areas;
       (B) eliminate the safe havens of such forces in Pakistan;
       (C) close terrorist camps, including those of Lashkar-e-
     Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed;
       (D) cease all support for extremist and terrorist groups;
       (E) prevent attacks into neighboring countries;
       (F) increase oversight over curriculum in madrassas, 
     including closing madrassas with direct links to the Taliban 
     or other extremist and terrorist groups; and
       (G) improve counterterrorism financing and anti-money 
     laundering laws, apply for observer status for the Financial 
     Action Task Force, and take steps to adhere to the United 
     Nations International Convention for the Suppression of 
     Financing of Terrorism;
       (12) a detailed description of Pakistan's efforts to 
     prevent proliferation of nuclear-related material and 
     expertise;
       (13) an assessment of whether assistance provided to 
     Pakistan has directly or indirectly aided the expansion of 
     Pakistan's nuclear weapons program, whether by the diversion 
     of United States assistance or the reallocation of Pakistan's 
     financial resources that would otherwise be spent for 
     programs and activities unrelated to its nuclear weapons 
     program;
       (14) a detailed description of the extent to which funds 
     obligated and expended pursuant to section 202(b) meet the 
     requirements of such section; and
       (15) an assessment of the extent to which the Government of 
     Pakistan exercises effective civilian control of the 
     military, including a description of the extent to which 
     civilian executive leaders and parliament exercise oversight 
     and approval of military budgets, the chain of command, the 
     process of promotion for senior military leaders, civilian 
     involvement in strategic guidance and planning, and military 
     involvement in civil administration.
       (b) Government Accountability Office Reports.--
       (1) Pakistan assistance strategy report.--Not later than 
     one year after the submission of the Pakistan Assistance 
     Strategy Report pursuant to section 301(a), the Comptroller 
     General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate 
     congressional committees a report that contains--
       (A) a review of, and comments addressing, the Pakistan 
     Assistance Strategy Report;
       (B) recommendations relating to any additional actions the 
     Comptroller General believes could help improve the 
     efficiency and effectiveness of United States efforts to meet 
     the objectives of this Act;
       (C) a detailed description of the expenditures made by 
     Pakistan pursuant to grant assistance under section 23 of the 
     Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763; relating to the 
     Foreign Military Financing program); and
       (D) an assessment of the impact of the assistance on the 
     security and stability of Pakistan.
       (2) Certification report.--Not later than 120 days after 
     the date on which the President makes the certification 
     described in section 203(c) for a fiscal year, the 
     Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an 
     independent analysis of the certification described in such 
     section and shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
     committees a report containing the results of the independent 
     analysis.
       (c) Submission.--The Secretary of State may submit the 
     reports required by this section in conjunction with other 
     reports relating to Pakistan required under other provisions 
     of law, including sections 1116 and 1117 of the Supplemental 
     Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111-32; 123 Stat. 1906 
     and 1907).
       (d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this 
     section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
     means--
       (1) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed 
     Services, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
     of Representatives; and
       (2) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed 
     Services, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
     Senate.

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