[Congressional Record Volume 154, Number 129 (Thursday, July 31, 2008)]
[Senate]
[Pages S7933-S7946]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

      By Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. Gregg, Mr. Dodd, Mr. Burr, Mr. 
        Harkin, and Mr. Alexander):
  S. 3385. A bill to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 
with respect to the safety of the food supply; to the Committee on 
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
  Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, today I rise to introduce the FDA Food 
Safety Modernization Act.
  Yesterday, the Food and Drug Administration, which is responsible for 
ensuring the safety of about 80 percent of our food supply, announced 
that it was one step closer to pinpointing the source of the current 
Salmonella Saintpaul outbreak. At first we were told tomatoes were the 
culprit. Then tomatoes were exonerated and jalapeno

[[Page S7934]]

peppers in south Texas were to blame. Now FDA is saying it has 
discovered a strain of the bacteria in Serrano peppers from a farm in 
Tamaulipas, Mexico.
  In the meantime, over three months have passed since the first 
reported case. At least 255 people have been hospitalized and two have 
died because of the outbreak. The tomato industry faces tens of 
millions of dollars in losses and a loss in consumer confidence. Some 
estimate that the economic impact may be as much as $100 to $500 
million.
  Over the last couple of years we have seen news headlines about E. 
coli in spinach, pet food spiked with melamine, Salmonella-tainted 
peanut butter, and now contaminated peppers. It's clear that these are 
not isolated cases but the product of a food safety system that is 
outdated, under-funded, and overwhelmed. Some of our most important 
food safety statutes date back to the early 1900s. Standards have not 
been updated. The budgets of the agencies that act as watchdogs over 
the system have eroded. We import more of our food than ever but we 
don't have the systems in place to make sure this food is as safe as it 
could be. All these shortcomings put consumers at unnecessary risk.
  FDA is struggling to keep up. There are holes in its ability to 
protect consumers from unsafe foods. For example, the Consumer 
Protection Safety Commission, the EPA, and even FDA with respect to 
infant formula all have recall authority. But FDA is unable to pull any 
other contaminated food off the shelf when the company that makes it 
will not. FDA can suggest a recall and most of the time companies 
comply. But there are always bad actors and sometimes companies choose 
not to recall their products because they are afraid of upsetting 
consumer confidence or losing market share. In this case, FDA's hands 
are tied.
  These are significant gaps in our food safety system that need to be 
addressed. We can and should do better.
  That is why I am pleased to introduce The FDA Food Safety 
Modernization Act, along with Senators Gregg, Dodd, Burr, Harkin, and 
Alexander. This bill is a comprehensive, bipartisan effort that 
addresses some of the weaknesses in FDA's authorities and resources and 
updates food safety standards to make important improvements in our 
current food safety system. The bill includes a number of important 
preventive measures, such as increasing the frequency of FDA 
inspections of food facilities, especially high-risk facilities; 
directing FDA to set standards for fresh produce; and requiring the 
food industry to control hazards in the food supply chain. It also 
enables FDA to more effectively respond to an outbreak by giving the 
agency new authorities to order recalls, shut down tainted facilities, 
and access records to track and trace food.
  The food industry is one of the most important sectors of our 
economy, generating more than $1 trillion annually in economic activity 
and employing millions of American workers. Food is also a deeply 
personal experience, a part of our daily lives and our traditions and 
culture. For far too long Congress has gone without a comprehensive 
review of our food safety laws. As long as we continue to do nothing, 
we will pay the price for an outdated and ill-equipped food safety 
system.
  I thank Senators Gregg, Dodd, Burr, Harkin, and Alexander for joining 
me in crafting this bill and urge my colleagues to support.
  Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be 
printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the text of the bill was ordered to be 
printed in the Record, as follows:

                                S. 3385

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; REFERENCES; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

       (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``FDA Food 
     Safety Modernization Act''.
       (b) References.--Except as otherwise specified, whenever in 
     this Act an amendment is expressed in terms of an amendment 
     to a section or other provision, the reference shall be 
     considered to be made to a section or other provision of the 
     Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.).
       (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act 
     is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; references; table of contents.

                    TITLE I--GENERAL FOOD PROVISIONS

Sec. 101. Inspections of records.
Sec. 102. Registration of food facilities.
Sec. 103. Mandatory recall authority.
Sec. 104. Hazard analysis and risk-based preventive controls.
Sec. 105. Performance standards.
Sec. 106. Standards for produce safety.
Sec. 107. Targeting of inspection resources for domestic facilities, 
              foreign facilities, and ports of entry; annual report.
Sec. 108. Administrative detention of food.
Sec. 109. Protection against intentional adulteration.
Sec. 110. National agriculture and food defense strategy.
Sec. 111. Food and Agriculture Coordinating Councils.
Sec. 112. Decontamination and disposal standards and plans.
Sec. 113. Authority to collect fees.
Sec. 114. Final rule for prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis in shell 
              eggs during production.
Sec. 115. Sanitary transportation of food.
Sec. 116. Food allergy and anaphylaxis management.

                  TITLE II--DETECTION AND SURVEILLANCE

Sec. 201. Recognition of laboratory accreditation for analyses of 
              foods.
Sec. 202. Integrated consortium of laboratory networks.
Sec. 203. Building domestic capacity.
Sec. 204. Enhancing traceback and recordkeeping.
Sec. 205. Surveillance.

            TITLE III--SPECIFIC PROVISIONS FOR IMPORTED FOOD

Sec. 301. Foreign supplier verification program.
Sec. 302. Voluntary qualified importer program.
Sec. 303. Authority to require import certifications for food.
Sec. 304. Prior notice of imported food shipments.
Sec. 305. Review of a regulatory authority of a foreign country.
Sec. 306. Building capacity of foreign governments with respect to 
              food.
Sec. 307. Inspection of foreign food facilities.
Sec. 308. Accreditation of qualified third-party auditors.
Sec. 309. Foreign offices of the Food and Drug Administration.
Sec. 310. Funding for food safety.
Sec. 311. Jurisdiction; authorities.

                    TITLE I--GENERAL FOOD PROVISIONS

     SEC. 101. INSPECTIONS OF RECORDS.

       Section 414(a) (21 U.S.C. 350c(a)) is amended--
       (1) by striking the heading and all follows through ``of 
     food is'' and inserting the following: ``Records 
     Inspection.--
       ``(1) Adulterated food.--If the Secretary has a reasonable 
     belief that an article of food, and any other article of food 
     that the Secretary reasonably believes is likely to be 
     affected in a similar manner, is'';
       (2) by inserting ``, and to any other article of food that 
     the Secretary reasonably believes is likely to be affected in 
     a similar manner,'' after ``relating to such article'';
       (3) by striking the last sentence; and
       (4) by inserting at the end the following:
       ``(2) Serious adverse health consequences.--If the 
     Secretary believes that there is a reasonable probability 
     that the use of or exposure to an article of food, and any 
     other article of food that the Secretary reasonably believes 
     is likely to be affected in a similar manner, will cause 
     serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or 
     animals, each person (excluding farms and restaurants) who 
     manufactures, processes, packs, distributes, receives, holds, 
     or imports such article shall, at the request of an officer 
     or employee duly designated by the Secretary, permit such 
     officer or employee, upon presentation of appropriate 
     credentials and a written notice to such person, at 
     reasonable times and within reasonable limits and in a 
     reasonable manner, to have access to and copy all records 
     relating to such article and to any other article of food 
     that the Secretary reasonably believes is likely to be 
     affected in a similar manner, that are needed to assist the 
     Secretary in determining whether there is a reasonable 
     probability that the use of or exposure to the food will 
     cause serious adverse health consequences or death to humans 
     or animals.
       ``(3) Application.--The requirement under paragraphs (1) 
     and (2) applies to all records relating to the manufacture, 
     processing, packing, distribution, receipt, holding, or 
     importation of such article maintained by or on behalf of 
     such person in any format (including paper and electronic 
     formats) and at any location.''.

     SEC. 102. REGISTRATION OF FOOD FACILITIES.

       (a) Updating of Food Category Regulations; Biennial 
     Registration Renewal.--Section 415(a) (21 U.S.C. 350d(a)) is 
     amended--
       (1) in paragraph (2), by--
       (A) striking ``conducts business and'' and inserting 
     ``conducts business, the e-mail address for the contact 
     person of the facility, and''; and
       (B) inserting ``, or any other food categories as 
     determined appropriate by the Secretary, including by 
     guidance)'' after ``Code of Federal Regulations'';
       (2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs 
     (4) and (5), respectively; and
       (3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
       ``(3) Biennial registration renewal.--During the period 
     beginning on October 1

[[Page S7935]]

     and ending on December 31 of each even-numbered year, a 
     registrant that has submitted a registration under paragraph 
     (1) shall submit to the Secretary a renewal registration 
     containing the information described in paragraph (2). The 
     Secretary shall provide for an abbreviated registration 
     renewal process for any registrant that has not had any 
     changes to such information since the registrant submitted 
     the preceding registration or registration renewal for the 
     facility involved.''.
       (b) Suspension of Registration.--
       (1) In general.--Section 415 (21 U.S.C. 350d) is amended--
       (A) in subsection (a)(2), by inserting after the first 
     sentence the following: ``The registration shall contain a 
     consent to permit the Secretary to inspect such facility.'';
       (B) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections 
     (c) and (d), respectively; and
       (C) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
       ``(b) Suspension of Registration.--
       ``(1) In general.--If the Secretary determines that food 
     manufactured, processed, packed, or held by a facility 
     registered under this section has a reasonable probability of 
     causing serious adverse health consequences or death to 
     humans or animals, the Secretary may by order suspend the 
     registration of the facility under this section in accordance 
     with this subsection.
       ``(2) Hearing on suspension.--The Secretary shall provide 
     the registrant subject to an order under paragraph (1) with 
     an opportunity for an informal hearing, to be held as soon as 
     possible but not later than 2 days after the issuance of the 
     order, on the actions required for reinstatement of 
     registration and why the registration that is subject to 
     suspension should be reinstated. The Secretary may reinstate 
     a registration if the Secretary determines, based on evidence 
     presented, that adequate grounds do not exist to continue the 
     suspension of the registration.
       ``(3) Post-hearing corrective action plan; vacating of 
     order.--
       ``(A) Corrective action plan.--If, after providing 
     opportunity for an informal hearing under paragraph (2), the 
     Secretary determines that the suspension of registration 
     remains necessary, the Secretary shall require the registrant 
     to submit a corrective action plan to demonstrate how the 
     registrant plans to correct the conditions found by the 
     Secretary. The Secretary shall review such plan in a timely 
     manner.
       ``(B) Vacating of order.--Upon a determination by the 
     Secretary that adequate grounds do not exist to continue the 
     suspension actions required by the order, or that such 
     actions should be modified, the Secretary shall vacate the 
     order or modify the order.
       ``(4) Effect of suspension.--If the registration of a 
     facility is suspended under this subsection, such facility 
     shall not import food or offer to import food into the United 
     States, or otherwise introduce food into interstate commerce 
     in the United States.
       ``(5) Regulations.--The Secretary shall promulgate 
     regulations that describe the standards officials will use in 
     making a determination to suspend a registration, and the 
     format such officials will use to explain to the registrant 
     the conditions found at the facility.
       ``(6) No delegation.--The authority conferred by this 
     subsection to issue an order to suspend a registration or 
     vacate an order of suspension shall not be delegated to any 
     officer or employee other than the Commissioner.''.
       (2) Imported food.--Section 801(l) (21 U.S.C. 381(l)) is 
     amended by inserting ``(or for which a registration has been 
     suspended under such section)'' after ``section 415''.
       (c) Conforming Amendments.--
       (1) Section 301(d) (21 U.S.C. 331(d)) is amended by 
     inserting ``415,'' after ``404,''.
       (2) Section 415(d), as redesignated by subsection (b), is 
     amended by adding at the end before the period ``for a 
     facility to be registered, except with respect to the 
     reinstatement of a registration that is suspended under 
     subsection (b)''.

     SEC. 103. MANDATORY RECALL AUTHORITY.

       (a) In General.--Chapter IV (21 U.S.C. 341 et seq.) is 
     amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``SEC. 418. MANDATORY RECALL AUTHORITY.

       ``(a) Voluntary Procedures.--If the Secretary determines, 
     based on information gathered through the reportable food 
     registry under section 417 or through any other means, that 
     there is a reasonable probability that an article of food 
     (other than infant formula) is adulterated under section 402 
     or misbranded under section 403(w) and the use of or exposure 
     to such article will cause serious adverse health 
     consequences or death to humans or animals, the Secretary 
     shall provide the responsible party (as defined in section 
     417) with an opportunity to cease distribution and recall 
     such article.
       ``(b) Prehearing Order To Cease Distribution and Give 
     Notice.--If the responsible party refuses to or does not 
     voluntarily cease distribution or recall such article within 
     the time and in the manner prescribed by the Secretary (if so 
     prescribed), the Secretary may, by order require, as the 
     Secretary deems necessary, such person to--
       ``(1) immediately cease distribution of such article; or
       ``(2) immediately notify all persons--
       ``(A) manufacturing, processing, packing, transporting, 
     distributing, receiving, holding, or importing and selling 
     such article; and
       ``(B) to which such article has been distributed, 
     transported, or sold, to immediately cease distribution of 
     such article.
       ``(c) Hearing on Order.--The Secretary shall provide the 
     responsible party subject to an order under subsection (b) 
     with an opportunity for an informal hearing, to be held as 
     soon as possible but not later than 2 days after the issuance 
     of the order, on the actions required by the order and on why 
     the article that is the subject of the order should not be 
     recalled.
       ``(d) Post-Hearing Recall Order and Modification of 
     Order.--
       ``(1) Amendment of order.--If, after providing opportunity 
     for an informal hearing under subsection (c), the Secretary 
     determines that removal of the article from commerce is 
     necessary, the Secretary shall, as appropriate--
       ``(A) amend the order to require recall of such article or 
     other appropriate action;
       ``(B) specify a timetable in which the recall shall occur;
       ``(C) require periodic reports to the Secretary describing 
     the progress of the recall; and
       ``(D) provide notice to consumers to whom such article was, 
     or may have been, distributed.
       ``(2) Vacating of order.--If, after such hearing, the 
     Secretary determines that adequate grounds do not exist to 
     continue the actions required by the order, or that such 
     actions should be modified, the Secretary shall vacate the 
     order or modify the order.
       ``(e) Cooperation and Consultation.--The Secretary shall 
     work with State and local public health officials in carrying 
     out this section, as appropriate.
       ``(f) Public Notification.--In conducting a recall under 
     this section, the Secretary shall ensure that a press release 
     is published regarding the recall, as well as alerts and 
     public notices, as appropriate, in order to provide 
     notification of the recall to consumers and retailers to whom 
     such article was, or may have been, distributed. The 
     notification shall include, at a minimum--
       ``(1) the name of the article of food subject to the 
     recall; and
       ``(2) a description of the risk associated with such 
     article.
       ``(g) No Delegation.--The authority conferred by this 
     section to order a recall or vacate a recall order shall not 
     be delegated to any officer or employee other than the 
     Commissioner.
       ``(h) Effect.--Nothing in this section shall affect the 
     authority of the Secretary to request or participate in a 
     voluntary recall.''.
       (b) Civil Penalty.--Section 303(f)(2)(A) (21 U.S.C. 
     333(f)(2)(A)) is amended by inserting ``or any person who 
     does not comply with a recall order under section 418'' after 
     ``section 402(a)(2)(B)''.
       (c) Prohibited Acts.--Section 301 (21 U.S.C. 331 et seq.) 
     is amended by adding at the end the following:
       ``(oo) The refusal or failure to follow an order under 
     section 418.''.

     SEC. 104. HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK-BASED PREVENTIVE CONTROLS.

       (a) In General.--Chapter IV (21 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), as 
     amended by section 103, is amended by adding at the end the 
     following:

     ``SEC. 419. HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK-BASED PREVENTIVE 
                   CONTROLS.

       ``(a) In General.--Each owner, operator, or agent in charge 
     of a facility shall, in accordance with this section, 
     evaluate the hazards that could affect food manufactured, 
     processed, packed, or held by such facility, identify and 
     implement preventive controls to significantly minimize or 
     prevent their occurrence and provide assurances that such 
     food is not adulterated under section 402 or misbranded under 
     section 403(w), monitor the performance of those controls, 
     and maintain records of this monitoring as a matter of 
     routine practice.
       ``(b) Hazard Analysis.--The owner, operator, or agent in 
     charge of a facility shall--
       ``(1) identify and evaluate known or reasonably foreseeable 
     hazards that may be associated with the facility, including--
       ``(A) biological, chemical, physical, and radiological 
     hazards, natural toxins, pesticides, drug residues, 
     decomposition, parasites, allergens, and unapproved food and 
     color additives; and
       ``(B) hazards that occur naturally, may be unintentionally 
     introduced, or may be intentionally introduced, including by 
     acts of terrorism; and
       ``(2) develop a written analysis of the hazards.
       ``(c) Preventive Controls.--The owner, operator, or agent 
     in charge of a facility shall identify and implement 
     preventive controls, including at critical control points, if 
     any, to provide assurances that--
       ``(1) hazards identified in the hazard analysis conducted 
     under subsection (b) will be significantly minimized or 
     prevented; and
       ``(2) the food manufactured, processed, packed, or held by 
     such facility will not be adulterated under section 402 or 
     misbranded under section 403(w).
       ``(d) Monitoring of Effectiveness.--The owner, operator, or 
     agent in charge of a facility shall monitor the effectiveness 
     of the preventive controls implemented under subsection (c) 
     to provide assurances that the outcomes described in 
     subsection (c) shall be achieved.
       ``(e) Corrective Actions.--The owner, operator, or agent in 
     charge of a facility shall establish procedures that a 
     facility will implement if the preventive controls 
     implemented under subsection (c) are found to be

[[Page S7936]]

     ineffective through monitoring under subsection (d).
       ``(f) Verification.--The owner, operator, or agent in 
     charge of a facility shall verify that--
       ``(1) the preventive controls implemented under subsection 
     (c) are adequate to control the hazards identified under 
     subsection (b);
       ``(2) the owner, operator, or agent is conducting 
     monitoring in accordance with subsection (d);
       ``(3) the owner, operator, or agent is making appropriate 
     decisions about corrective actions taken under subsection 
     (e); and
       ``(4) there is documented, periodic reanalysis of the plan 
     under subsection (i) to ensure that the plan is still 
     relevant to the raw materials, as well as to conditions and 
     processes in the facility, and to new and emerging threats.
       ``(g) Recordkeeping.--The owner, operator, or agent in 
     charge of a facility shall maintain, for not less than 2 
     years, records documenting the monitoring of the preventive 
     controls implemented under subsection (c), instances of 
     nonconformance material to food safety, instances when 
     corrective actions were implemented, and the efficacy of 
     preventive controls and corrective actions.
       ``(h) Written Plan and Documentation.--Each owner, 
     operator, or agent in charge of a facility shall prepare a 
     written plan that documents and describes the procedures used 
     by the facility to comply with the requirements of this 
     section, including analyzing the hazards under subsection (b) 
     and identifying the preventive controls adopted to address 
     those hazards under subsection (c). Such written plan, 
     together with documentation that the plan is being 
     implemented, shall be made promptly available to a duly 
     authorized representative of the Secretary upon oral or 
     written request.
       ``(i) Requirement To Reanalyze.--Each owner, operator, or 
     agent in charge of a facility shall conduct a reanalysis 
     under subsection (b) whenever a significant change is made in 
     the activities conducted at a facility operated by such 
     owner, operator, or agent if the change creates a reasonable 
     potential for a new hazard or a significant increase in a 
     previously identified hazard or not less frequently than once 
     every 3 years, whichever is earlier. Such reanalysis shall be 
     completed and additional preventive controls needed to 
     address the hazard identified, if any, shall be implemented 
     before the change in activities at the facility is commenced. 
     Such owner, operator, or agent shall revise the written plan 
     required under subsection (h) if such a significant change is 
     made or document the basis for the conclusion that no 
     additional or revised preventive controls are needed. The 
     Secretary may require a reanalysis under this section to 
     respond to new hazards and developments in scientific 
     understanding.
       ``(j) Deemed Compliance of Seafood, Juice, and Low-Acid 
     Canned Food Facilities in Compliance With HACCP.--An owner, 
     operator, or agent in charge of a facility required to comply 
     with 1 of the following standards and regulations with 
     respect to such facility shall be deemed to be in compliance 
     with this section, with respect to such facility:
       ``(1) The Seafood Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points 
     Program of the Food and Drug Administration.
       ``(2) The Juice Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points 
     Program of the Food and Drug Administration.
       ``(3) The Thermally Processed Low-Acid Foods Packaged in 
     Hermetically Sealed Containers standards of the Food and Drug 
     Administration (or any successor standards).
       ``(k) Exception for Facilities in Compliance With Section 
     420.--This section shall not apply to a facility that is 
     subject to section 420.
       ``(l) Authority With Respect to Certain Facilities.--The 
     Secretary may, by regulation, exempt or modify the 
     requirements for compliance under this section with respect 
     to facilities that are solely engaged in the storage of 
     packaged foods that are not exposed to the environment.
       ``(m) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
       ``(1) Critical control point.--The term `critical control 
     point' means a point, step, or procedure in a food process at 
     which control can be applied and is essential to prevent or 
     eliminate a food safety hazard or reduce it to an acceptable 
     level.
       ``(2) Facility.--The term `facility' means a domestic 
     facility or a foreign facility that is required to register 
     under section 415.
       ``(3) Preventive controls.--The term `preventive controls' 
     means those risk-based, reasonably appropriate procedures, 
     practices, and processes that a person knowledgeable about 
     the safe manufacturing, processing, packing, or holding of 
     food would have employed to significantly minimize or prevent 
     the hazards identified under the hazard analysis conducted 
     under subsection (a) and that are consistent with the current 
     scientific understanding of safe food manufacturing, 
     processing, packing, or holding at the time of the analysis. 
     Those procedures, practices, and processes may include the 
     following:
       ``(A) Sanitation procedures for food contact surfaces and 
     utensils and food-contact surfaces of equipment.
       ``(B) Supervisor, manager, and employee hygiene training.
       ``(C) An environmental monitoring program to verify the 
     effectiveness of pathogen controls.
       ``(D) An allergen control program.
       ``(E) A recall contingency plan.
       ``(F) Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs).
       ``(G) Supplier verification activities.''.
       (b) Regulations.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services 
     (referred to in this Act as the ``Secretary'') shall 
     promulgate regulations to establish science-based minimum 
     standards for conducting a hazard analysis, documenting 
     hazards, implementing preventive controls, and documenting 
     the implementation of the preventive controls under section 
     419 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (as added by 
     subsection (a)).
       (2) Content.--The regulations promulgated under paragraph 
     (1) shall provide sufficient flexibility to be applicable in 
     all situations, including in the operations of small 
     businesses.
       (3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall 
     be construed to provide the Secretary with the authority to 
     apply specific technologies, practices, or critical controls 
     to an individual facility.
       (4) Review.--In promulgating the regulations under 
     paragraph (1), the Secretary shall review regulatory hazard 
     analysis and preventive control programs in existence on the 
     date of enactment of this Act to ensure that the program 
     under such section 419 is consistent, to the extent 
     practicable, with applicable internationally recognized 
     standards in existence on such date.
       (c) Guidance Document.--The Secretary shall issue a 
     guidance document related to hazard analysis and preventive 
     controls required under section 419 of the Federal Food, 
     Drug, and Cosmetic Act (as added by subsection (a)).
       (d) Prohibited Acts.--Section 301 (21 U.S.C. 331), as 
     amended by section 103, is amended by adding at the end the 
     following:
       ``(pp) The operation of a facility that manufacturers, 
     processes, packs, or holds food for sale in the United States 
     if the owner, operator, or agent in charge of such facility 
     is not in compliance with section 419.''.
       (e) No Effect on HACCP Authorities.--Nothing in the 
     amendments made by this section limits the authority of the 
     Secretary under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 
     U.S.C. 301 et seq.) or the Public Health Service Act (42 
     U.S.C. 201 et seq.) to revise, issue, or enforce product and 
     category-specific regulations, such as the Seafood Hazard 
     Analysis Critical Controls Points Program, the Juice Hazard 
     Analysis Critical Control Program, and the Thermally 
     Processed Low-Acid Foods Packaged in Hermetically Sealed 
     Containers standards.
       (f) Effective Date.--
       (1) General rule.--The amendments made by this section 
     shall take effect 18 months after the date of enactment of 
     this Act.
       (2) Exceptions.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1)--
       (A) the amendments made by this section shall apply to a 
     small business (as defined by the Secretary) after the date 
     that is 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act; and
       (B) the amendments made by this section shall apply to a 
     very small business (as defined by the Secretary) after the 
     date that is 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

     SEC. 105. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS.

       The Secretary shall, not less frequently than every 2 
     years, review and evaluate epidemiological data and other 
     appropriate sources of information to determine the most 
     significant food-borne contaminants and the most significant 
     resulting hazards, and may issue science-based guidance 
     documents, action levels, and regulations to help prevent 
     adulteration under section 402 of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
     Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 342). Such standards shall be 
     applicable to products and product classes and shall not be 
     written to be facility-specific.

     SEC. 106. STANDARDS FOR PRODUCE SAFETY.

       (a) In General.--Chapter IV (21 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), as 
     amended by section 104, is amended by adding at the end the 
     following:

     ``SEC. 420. STANDARDS FOR PRODUCE SAFETY.

       ``(a) Proposed Rulemaking.--
       ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, the 
     Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture 
     and representatives of State departments of agriculture, 
     shall publish a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish 
     science-based minimum standards for the safe production and 
     harvesting of those types of fruits and vegetables that are 
     raw agricultural commodities for which the Secretary has 
     determined that such standards minimize the risk of serious 
     adverse health consequences or death.
       ``(2) Public input.--During the comment period on the 
     notice of proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1), the 
     Secretary shall conduct not less than 3 public meetings in 
     diverse geographical areas of the United States to provide 
     persons in different regions an opportunity to comment.
       ``(3) Content.--The proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1) 
     shall--
       ``(A) include, with respect to growing, harvesting, 
     sorting, and storage operations, minimum standards related to 
     fertilizer use, nutrients, hygiene, packaging, temperature 
     controls, animal encroachment, and water; and
       ``(B) consider hazards that occur naturally, may be 
     unintentionally introduced, or may be intentionally 
     introduced, including by acts of terrorism.
       ``(4) Prioritization.--The Secretary shall prioritize the 
     implementation of the regulations for specific fruits and 
     vegetables that are raw agricultural commodities that have

[[Page S7937]]

     been associated with food-borne illness outbreaks.
       ``(b) Final Regulation.--
       ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the close of 
     the comment period for the proposed rulemaking under 
     subsection (a), the Secretary shall adopt a final regulation 
     to provide for minimum standards for those types of fruits 
     and vegetables that are raw agricultural commodities for 
     which the Secretary has determined that such standards 
     minimize the risk of serious adverse health consequences or 
     death.
       ``(2) Final regulation.--The final regulation shall--
       ``(A) provide a reasonable period of time for compliance, 
     taking into account the needs of small businesses for 
     additional time to comply;
       ``(B) provide for coordination of education and enforcement 
     activities by State and local officials, as designated by the 
     Governors of the respective States; and
       ``(C) include a description of the variance process under 
     subsection (c) and the types of permissible variances the 
     Secretary may grant.
       ``(c) Criteria.--
       ``(1) In general.--The regulations adopted under subsection 
     (b) shall--
       ``(A) set forth those procedures, processes, and practices 
     as the Secretary determines to be reasonably necessary to 
     prevent the introduction of known or reasonably foreseeable 
     biological, chemical, and physical hazards, including hazards 
     that occur naturally, may be unintentionally introduced, or 
     may be intentionally introduced, including by acts of 
     terrorism, into fruits and vegetables that are raw 
     agricultural commodities and to provide reasonable assurances 
     that the produce is not adulterated under section 402; and
       ``(B) permit States and foreign countries from which food 
     is imported into the United States, subject to paragraph (2), 
     to request from the Secretary variances from the requirements 
     of the regulations, where upon approval of the Secretary, the 
     variance is considered permissible under the requirements of 
     the regulations adopted under subsection (b)(1)(C) and where 
     the State or foreign country determines that the variance is 
     necessary in light of local growing conditions and that the 
     procedures, processes, and practices to be followed under the 
     variance are reasonably likely to ensure that the produce is 
     not adulterated under section 402 to the same extent as the 
     requirements of the regulation adopted under subsection (b).
       ``(2) Approval of variances.--A State or foreign country 
     from which food is imported into the United States shall 
     request a variance from the Secretary in writing. The 
     Secretary may deny such a request as not reasonably likely to 
     ensure that the produce is not adulterated under section 402 
     to the same extent as the requirements of the regulation 
     adopted under subsection (b).
       ``(d) Enforcement.--The Secretary may coordinate with the 
     Secretary of Agriculture and shall contract and coordinate 
     with the agency or department designated by the Governor of 
     each State to perform activities to ensure compliance with 
     this section.
       ``(e) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, the 
     Secretary shall publish, after consultation with the 
     Secretary of Agriculture and representatives of State 
     departments of agriculture, updated good agricultural 
     practices and guidance for the safe production and harvesting 
     of specific types of fresh produce.
       ``(f) Exception for Facilities in Compliance With Section 
     419.--This section shall not apply to a facility that is 
     subject to section 419.''.
       (b) Prohibited Acts.--Section 301 (21 U.S.C. 331), as 
     amended by section 104, is amended by adding at the end the 
     following:
       ``(qq) The production or harvesting of produce not in 
     accordance with minimum standards as provided by regulation 
     under section 420(b) or a variance issued under section 
     420(c).''.
       (c) No Effect on HACCP Authorities.--Nothing in the 
     amendments made by this section limits the authority of the 
     Secretary under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 
     U.S.C. 301 et seq.) or the Public Health Service Act (42 
     U.S.C. 201 et seq.) to revise, issue, or enforce product and 
     category-specific regulations, such as the Seafood Hazard 
     Analysis Critical Controls Points Program, the Juice Hazard 
     Analysis Critical Control Program, and the Thermally 
     Processed Low-Acid Foods Packaged in Hermetically Sealed 
     Containers standards.

     SEC. 107. TARGETING OF INSPECTION RESOURCES FOR DOMESTIC 
                   FACILITIES, FOREIGN FACILITIES, AND PORTS OF 
                   ENTRY; ANNUAL REPORT.

       (a) Targeting of Inspection Resources for Domestic 
     Facilities, Foreign Facilities, and Ports of Entry.--Chapter 
     IV (21 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), as amended by section 106, is 
     amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``SEC. 421. TARGETING OF INSPECTION RESOURCES FOR DOMESTIC 
                   FACILITIES, FOREIGN FACILITIES, AND PORTS OF 
                   ENTRY; ANNUAL REPORT.

       ``(a) Identification and Inspection of Facilities.--
       ``(1) Identification.--The Secretary shall allocate 
     resources to inspect facilities according to the risk profile 
     of the facilities, which shall be based on the following 
     factors:
       ``(A) The risk profile of the food manufactured, processed, 
     packed, or held at the facility.
       ``(B) The facility's history of food recalls, outbreaks, 
     and violations of food safety standards.
       ``(C) The rigor of the facility's hazard analysis and risk-
     based preventive controls.
       ``(D) Whether the food manufactured, processed, packed, 
     handled, prepared, treated, distributed, or stored at the 
     facility meets the criteria for priority under section 
     801(h)(1).
       ``(E) Whether the facility has received a certificate as 
     described in section 809(b).
       ``(F) Any other criteria deemed necessary and appropriate 
     by the Secretary for purposes of allocating inspection 
     resources.
       ``(2) Inspections.--The Secretary shall increase the 
     frequency of inspection of all facilities, and shall increase 
     the frequency of inspection of facilities identified under 
     paragraph (1) as high-risk facilities such that--
       ``(A) for the first 2 years after the date of enactment of 
     the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, each high-risk 
     facility is inspected not less often than once every 2 years; 
     and
       ``(B) for each succeeding year, each high-risk facility is 
     inspected not less often than once each year.
       ``(b) Identification and Inspection at Ports of Entry.--The 
     Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland 
     Security, shall allocate resources to inspect articles of 
     food imported into the United States according to the risk 
     profile of the article of food, which shall be based on the 
     following factors:
       ``(1) The risk profile of the food imported.
       ``(2) The risk profile of the countries of origin and 
     countries of transport of the food imported.
       ``(3) The history of food recalls, outbreaks, and 
     violations of food safety standards of the food importer.
       ``(4) The rigor of the foreign supplier verification 
     program under section 805.
       ``(5) Whether the food importer participates in the 
     Voluntary Qualified Importer Program under section 806.
       ``(6) Whether the food meets the criteria for priority 
     under section 801(h)(1).
       ``(7) Whether the food is from a facility that has received 
     a certificate as described in section 809(b).
       ``(8) Any other criteria deemed appropriate by the 
     Secretary for purposes of allocating inspection resources.
       ``(c) Coordination.--The Secretary shall improve 
     coordination and cooperation with the Secretary of 
     Agriculture to target food inspection resources.
       ``(d) Facility.--For purposes of this section, the term 
     `facility' means a domestic facility or a foreign facility 
     that is required to register under section 415.''.
       (b) Annual Report.--Section 903 (21 U.S.C. 393) is amended 
     by adding at the end the following:
       ``(h) Annual Report Regarding Food.--Not later than 
     February 1 of each year, the Secretary shall submit to 
     Congress a report regarding--
       ``(1) information about food facilities including--
       ``(A) the appropriations used to inspect facilities 
     registered pursuant to section 415 in the previous fiscal 
     year;
       ``(B) the average cost of both a non-high-risk food 
     facility inspection and a high-risk food facility inspection, 
     if such a difference exists, in the previous fiscal year;
       ``(C) the number of domestic facilities and the number of 
     foreign facilities registered pursuant to section 415 that 
     the Secretary inspected in the previous fiscal year;
       ``(D) the number of domestic facilities and the number of 
     foreign facilities registered pursuant to section 415 that 
     the Secretary did not inspect in the previous fiscal year;
       ``(E) the number of high-risk facilities identified 
     pursuant to section 421 that the Secretary inspected in the 
     previous fiscal year; and
       ``(F) the number of high-risk facilities identified 
     pursuant to section 421 that the Secretary did not inspect in 
     the previous fiscal year;
       ``(2) information about food imports including--
       ``(A) the number of lines of food imported into the United 
     States that the Secretary physically inspected or sampled in 
     the previous fiscal year;
       ``(B) the number of lines of food imported into the United 
     States that the Secretary did not physically inspect or 
     sample in the previous fiscal year; and
       ``(C) the average cost of physically inspecting or sampling 
     a food line subject to this Act that is imported or offered 
     for import into the United States; and
       ``(3) information on the foreign offices established under 
     section 309 of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act 
     including--
       ``(A) the number of foreign offices established; and
       ``(B) the number of personnel permanently stationed in each 
     foreign office.
       ``(i) Public Availability of Annual Food Reports.--The 
     Secretary shall make the reports required under subsection 
     (h) available to the public on the Internet Web site of the 
     Food and Drug Administration.''.

     SEC. 108. ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION OF FOOD.

       (a) In General.--Section 304(h)(1)(A) (21 U.S.C. 
     334(h)(1)(A)) is amended by--
       (1) striking ``credible evidence or information 
     indicating'' and inserting ``reason to believe''; and

[[Page S7938]]

       (2) striking ``presents a threat of serious adverse health 
     consequences or death to humans or animals'' and inserting 
     ``is adulterated or misbranded''.
       (b) Regulations.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue an interim 
     final rule amending subpart K of part 1 of title 21, Code of 
     Federal Regulations, to implement the amendment made by this 
     section.
       (c) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section 
     shall take effect 180 days after the date of enactment of 
     this Act.

     SEC. 109. PROTECTION AGAINST INTENTIONAL ADULTERATION.

       (a) In General.--Chapter IV (21 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), as 
     amended by section 107, is amended by adding at the end the 
     following:

     ``SEC. 422. PROTECTION AGAINST INTENTIONAL ADULTERATION.

       ``(a) In General.--Not later than 24 months after the date 
     of enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, the 
     Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland 
     Security and the Secretary of Agriculture, shall promulgate 
     regulations to protect against the intentional adulteration 
     of food subject to this Act.
       ``(b) Content of Regulations.--Regulations under subsection 
     (a) shall only apply to food--
       ``(1) for which the Secretary has identified clear 
     vulnerabilities (such as short shelf-life or susceptibility 
     to intentional contamination at critical control points);
       ``(2) in bulk or batch form, prior to being packaged for 
     the final consumer; and
       ``(3) for which there is a high risk of intentional 
     contamination, as determined by the Secretary, that could 
     cause serious adverse health consequences or death to humans 
     or animals.
       ``(c) Determinations.--In making the determination under 
     subsection (b)(3), the Secretary shall--
       ``(1) conduct vulnerability assessments of the food system;
       ``(2) consider the best available understanding of 
     uncertainties, risks, costs, and benefits associated with 
     guarding against intentional adulteration at vulnerable 
     points; and
       ``(3) determine the types of science-based mitigation 
     strategies or measures that are necessary to protect against 
     the intentional adulteration of food.
       ``(d) Exception.--This section shall not apply to food 
     produced on farms, except for milk.
       ``(e) Definition.--For purposes of this section, the term 
     `farm' has the meaning given that term in section 1.227 of 
     title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor 
     regulation).''.
       (b) Guidance Documents.--
       (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with 
     the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of 
     Agriculture, shall issue guidance documents related to 
     protection against the intentional adulteration of food, 
     including mitigation strategies or measures to guard against 
     such adulteration as required under section 422 of the 
     Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as added by subsection 
     (a).
       (2) Content.--The guidance document issued under paragraph 
     (1) shall--
       (A) specify how a person shall assess whether the person is 
     required to implement mitigation strategies or measures 
     intended to protect against the intentional adulteration of 
     food;
       (B) specify appropriate science-based mitigation strategies 
     or measures to prepare and protect the food supply chain at 
     specific vulnerable points, as appropriate;
       (C) include a model assessment for a person to use under 
     subparagraph (A);
       (D) include examples of mitigation strategies or measures 
     described in subparagraph (B); and
       (E) specify situations in which the examples of mitigation 
     strategies or measures described in subparagraph (D) are 
     appropriate.
       (3) Limited distribution.--In the interest of national 
     security, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary 
     of Homeland Security, may determine the time and manner in 
     which the guidance documents issued under paragraph (1) are 
     made public, including by releasing such documents to 
     targeted audiences.
       (c) Periodic Review.--The Secretary shall periodically 
     review and, as appropriate, update the regulation under 
     subsection (a) and the guidance documents under subsection 
     (b).
       (d) Prohibited Acts.--Section 301 (21 U.S.C. 331 et seq.), 
     as amended by section 106, is amended by adding at the end 
     the following:
       ``(rr) The failure to comply with section 422.''.

     SEC. 110. NATIONAL AGRICULTURE AND FOOD DEFENSE STRATEGY.

       (a) Development and Submission of Strategy.--
       (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human 
     Services and the Secretary of Agriculture, in coordination 
     with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall prepare and 
     submit to the relevant committees of Congress, and make 
     publicly available on the Internet Web site of the Department 
     of Health and Human Services and the Department of 
     Agriculture, the National Agriculture and Food Defense 
     Strategy.
       (2) Implementation plan.--The strategy shall include an 
     implementation plan for use by the Secretaries described 
     under paragraph (1) in carrying out the strategy.
       (3) Research.--The strategy shall include a coordinated 
     research agenda for use by the Secretaries described under 
     paragraph (1) in conducting research to support the goals and 
     activities described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection 
     (b).
       (4) Revisions.--Not later than 4 years after the date on 
     which the strategy is submitted to the relevant committees of 
     Congress under paragraph (1), and not less frequently than 
     every 4 years thereafter, the Secretary of Health and Human 
     Services and the Secretary of Agriculture, in coordination 
     with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall revise and 
     submit to the relevant committees of Congress the strategy.
       (5) Consistency with existing plans.--The strategy 
     described in paragraph (1) shall be consistent with--
       (A) the National Incident Management System;
       (B) the National Response Framework;
       (C) the National Infrastructure Protection Plan;
       (D) the National Preparedness Goals; and
       (E) other relevant national strategies.
       (b) Components.--
       (1) In general.--The strategy shall include a description 
     of the process to be used by the Department of Health and 
     Human Services, the Department of Agriculture, and the 
     Department of Homeland Security--
       (A) to achieve each goal described in paragraph (2); and
       (B) to evaluate the progress made by Federal, State, local, 
     and tribal governments towards the achievement of each goal 
     described in paragraph (2).
       (2) Goals.--The strategy shall include a description of the 
     process to be used by the Department of Health and Human 
     Services, the Department of Agriculture, and the Department 
     of Homeland Security to achieve the following goals:
       (A) Preparedness goal.--Enhance the preparedness of the 
     agriculture and food system by--
       (i) conducting vulnerability assessments of the agriculture 
     and food system;
       (ii) mitigating vulnerabilities of the system;
       (iii) improving communication and training relating to the 
     system;
       (iv) developing and conducting exercises to test 
     decontamination and disposal plans;
       (v) developing modeling tools to improve event consequence 
     assessment and decision support; and
       (vi) preparing risk communication tools and enhancing 
     public awareness through outreach.
       (B) Detection goal.--Improve agriculture and food system 
     detection capabilities by--
       (i) identifying contamination in food products at the 
     earliest possible time; and
       (ii) conducting surveillance to prevent the spread of 
     diseases.
       (C) Emergency response goal.--Ensure an efficient response 
     to agriculture and food emergencies by--
       (i) immediately investigating animal disease outbreaks and 
     suspected food contamination;
       (ii) preventing additional human illnesses;
       (iii) organizing, training, and equipping animal, plant, 
     and food emergency response teams of--

       (I) the Federal Government; and
       (II) State, local, and tribal governments;

       (iv) designing, developing, and evaluating training and 
     exercises carried out under agriculture and food defense 
     plans; and
       (v) ensuring consistent and organized risk communication to 
     the public by--

       (I) the Federal Government;
       (II) State, local, and tribal governments; and
       (III) the private sector.

       (D) Recovery goal.--Secure agriculture and food production 
     after an agriculture or food emergency by--
       (i) working with the private sector to develop business 
     recovery plans to rapidly resume agriculture and food 
     production;
       (ii) conducting exercises of the plans described in 
     subparagraph (C) with the goal of long-term recovery results;
       (iii) rapidly removing, and effectively disposing of--

       (I) contaminated agriculture and food products; and
       (II) infected plants and animals; and

       (iv) decontaminating and restoring areas affected by an 
     agriculture or food emergency.

     SEC. 111. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE COORDINATING COUNCILS.

       The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with 
     the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary 
     of Agriculture, shall within 180 days of enactment of this 
     Act, and annually thereafter, submit to the relevant 
     committees of Congress, and make publicly available on the 
     Internet Web site of the Department of Homeland Security, a 
     report on the activities of the Food and Agriculture 
     Government Coordinating Council and the Food and Agriculture 
     Sector Coordinating Council, including the progress of such 
     Councils on--
       (1) facilitating partnerships between public and private 
     entities to help unify and enhance the protection of the 
     agriculture and food system of the United States;
       (2) providing for the regular and timely interchange of 
     information between each council relating to the security of 
     the agriculture and food system (including intelligence 
     information);

[[Page S7939]]

       (3) identifying best practices and methods for improving 
     the coordination among Federal, State, local, and private 
     sector preparedness and response plans for agriculture and 
     food defense; and
       (4) recommending methods by which to protect the economy 
     and the public health of the United States from the effects 
     of--
       (A) animal or plant disease outbreaks;
       (B) food contamination; and
       (C) natural disasters affecting agriculture and food.

     SEC. 112. DECONTAMINATION AND DISPOSAL STANDARDS AND PLANS.

       (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Environmental 
     Protection Agency (referred to in this section as the 
     ``Administrator''), in coordination with the Secretary of 
     Health and Human Services, Secretary of Homeland Security, 
     and Secretary of Agriculture, shall provide support for, and 
     technical assistance to, State, local, and tribal governments 
     in preparing for, assessing, decontaminating, and recovering 
     from an agriculture or food emergency.
       (b) Development of Standards.--In carrying out subsection 
     (a), the Administrator, in coordination with the Secretary of 
     Health and Human Services, Secretary of Homeland Security, 
     Secretary of Agriculture, and State, local, and tribal 
     governments, shall develop and disseminate specific standards 
     and protocols to undertake clean-up, clearance, and recovery 
     activities following the decontamination and disposal of 
     specific threat agents and foreign animal diseases.
       (c) Development of Model Plans.--In carrying out subsection 
     (a), the Administrator, the Secretary of Health and Human 
     Services, and the Secretary of Agriculture shall jointly 
     develop and disseminate model plans for--
       (1) the decontamination of individuals, equipment, and 
     facilities following an intentional contamination of 
     agriculture or food; and
       (2) the disposal of large quantities of animals, plants, or 
     food products that have been infected or contaminated by 
     specific threat agents and foreign animal diseases.
       (d) Exercises.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
     Administrator, in coordination with the entities described 
     under subsection (b), shall conduct exercises at least 
     annually to evaluate and identify weaknesses in the 
     decontamination and disposal model plans described in 
     subsection (c). Such exercises shall be carried out, to the 
     maximum extent practicable, as part of the national exercise 
     program under section 648(b)(1) of the Post-Katrina Emergency 
     Management Reform Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 748(b)(1)).
       (e) Modifications.--Based on the exercises described in 
     subsection (d), the Administrator, in coordination with the 
     entities described in subsection (b), shall review and modify 
     as necessary the plans described in subsection (c) not less 
     frequently than biennially.
       (f) Prioritization.--The Administrator, in coordination 
     with the entities described in subsection (b), shall develop 
     standards and plans under subsections (b) and (c) in an 
     identified order of priority that takes into account--
       (1) highest-risk biological, chemical, and radiological 
     threat agents;
       (2) agents that could cause the greatest economic 
     devastation to the agriculture and food system; and
       (3) agents that are most difficult to clean or remediate.

     SEC. 113. AUTHORITY TO COLLECT FEES.

       (a) Fees for Reinspection, Recall, and Importation 
     Activities.--Subchapter C of chapter VII (21 U.S.C. 379f et 
     seq.) is amended by inserting after section 740 the 
     following:

                     ``PART 5--FEES RELATED TO FOOD

     ``SEC. 740A. AUTHORITY TO COLLECT AND USE FEES.

       ``(a) In General.--
       ``(1) Purpose and authority.--For fiscal year 2009 and each 
     subsequent fiscal year, the Secretary shall, in accordance 
     with this section, assess and collect fees from--
       ``(A) domestic facilities required to register under 
     section 415, to cover reinspection-related costs for each 
     such year;
       ``(B) domestic facilities required to register under 
     section 415, to cover food recall activities performed by the 
     Secretary, including technical assistance, follow-up 
     effectiveness checks, and public notifications, for each such 
     year;
       ``(C) importers required to register under section 415, to 
     cover the administrative costs of participating in the 
     voluntary qualified importer program under section 806 for 
     each such year; and
       ``(D) importers, to cover reinspection-related costs at 
     ports of entry for each such year.
       ``(2) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
       ``(A) the term `reinspection' means 1 or more inspections 
     conducted under section 704 of this Act subsequent to an 
     inspection conducted under such provision which identified 
     noncompliance materially related to a food safety requirement 
     of this Act, specifically to determine whether compliance has 
     been achieved to the Secretary's satisfaction; and
       ``(B) the term `reinspection-related costs' means all 
     expenses, including administrative expenses, incurred in 
     connection with--
       ``(i) arranging, conducting, and evaluating the results of 
     reinspections; and
       ``(ii) assessing and collecting reinspection fees under 
     this section.
       ``(b) Establishment of Fees.--
       ``(1) In general.--Subject to subsections (c) and (d), the 
     Secretary shall establish the fees to be collected under this 
     section for each fiscal year specified in subsection (a)(1), 
     based on the methodology described under paragraph (2), and 
     shall publish such fees in a Federal Register notice not 
     later than 60 days before the start of each such year.
       ``(2) Fee methodology.--
       ``(A) Fees.--Fees amounts established for collection--
       ``(i) under subparagraph (A) of subsection (a)(1) for a 
     fiscal year shall be based on the Secretary's estimate of 100 
     percent of the costs of the reinspection-related activities 
     (including by type or level of reinspection activity, as the 
     Secretary determines applicable) described in such 
     subparagraph (A) for such year;
       ``(ii) under subparagraph (B) of subsection (a)(1) for a 
     fiscal year shall be based on the Secretary's estimate of 100 
     percent of the costs of the activities described in such 
     subparagraph (B) for such year;
       ``(iii) under subparagraph (C) of subsection (a)(1) for a 
     fiscal year shall be based on the Secretary's estimate of 100 
     percent of the costs of the activities described in such 
     subparagraph (C) for such year; and
       ``(iv) under subparagraph (D) of subsection (a)(1) for a 
     fiscal year shall be based on the Secretary's estimate of 100 
     percent of the costs of the activities described in such 
     subparagraph (D) for such year.
       ``(B) Other considerations.--In establishing the fee 
     amounts for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall provide for 
     the crediting of fees from the previous year to the next year 
     if the Secretary overestimated the amount of fees needed to 
     carry out such activities, and consider the need to account 
     for any adjustment of fees and such other factors as the 
     Secretary determines appropriate.
       ``(3) Compliance with international agreements.--Nothing in 
     this section shall be construed to authorize the assessment 
     of any fee inconsistent with the agreement establishing the 
     World Trade Organization or any other treaty or international 
     agreement to which the United States is a party.
       ``(c) Limitations.--
       ``(1) In general.--Fees under subsection (a) shall be 
     refunded for a fiscal year beginning after fiscal year 2009 
     unless appropriations for the Center for Food Safety and 
     Applied Nutrition and the Center for Veterinary Medicine and 
     related activities of the Office of Regulatory Affairs at the 
     Food and Drug Administration for such fiscal year (excluding 
     the amount of fees appropriated for such fiscal year) are 
     equal to or greater than the amount of appropriations for the 
     Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition and the Center 
     for Veterinary Medicine and related activities of the Office 
     of Regulatory Affairs at the Food and Drug Administration for 
     the preceding fiscal year (excluding the amount of fees 
     appropriated for such fiscal year) multiplied by 1 plus 4.5 
     percent.
       ``(2) Authority.--If the Secretary does not assess fees 
     under subsection (a) during any portion of a fiscal year 
     because of paragraph (1) and if at a later date in such 
     fiscal year the Secretary may assess such fees, the Secretary 
     may assess and collect such fees, without any modification in 
     the rate, under subsection (a), notwithstanding the 
     provisions of subsection (a) relating to the date fees are to 
     be paid.
       ``(3) Limitation on amount of certain fees.--
     Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, in no 
     case may the amount of the fees collected for a fiscal year--
       ``(A) under subparagraph (B) of subsection (a)(1) exceed 
     $20,000,000; and
       ``(B) under subparagraphs (A) and (D) of subsection (a)(1) 
     exceed $25,000,000 combined.
       ``(d) Crediting and Availability of Fees.--Fees authorized 
     under subsection (a) shall be collected and available for 
     obligation only to the extent and in the amount provided in 
     appropriations Acts. Such fees are authorized to remain 
     available until expended. Such sums as may be necessary may 
     be transferred from the Food and Drug Administration salaries 
     and expenses account without fiscal year limitation to such 
     appropriation account for salaries and expenses with such 
     fiscal year limitation. The sums transferred shall be 
     available solely for the purpose of paying the operating 
     expenses of the Food and Drug Administration employees and 
     contractors performing activities associated with these food 
     safety fees.
       ``(e) Collection of Fees.--
       ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall specify in the 
     Federal Register notice described in subsection (b)(1) the 
     time and manner in which fees assessed under this section 
     shall be collected.
       ``(2) Collection of unpaid fees.--In any case where the 
     Secretary does not receive payment of a fee assessed under 
     this section within 30 days after it is due, such fee shall 
     be treated as a claim of the United States Government subject 
     to provisions of subchapter II of chapter 37 of title 31, 
     United States Code.
       ``(f) Annual Report to Congress.--Not later than 120 days 
     after each fiscal year for which fees are assessed under this 
     section, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee 
     on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the United 
     States Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the 
     United States House of Representatives, to include a 
     description of fees assessed and collected for each such year 
     and a summary description of the entities paying such fees 
     and the types of business in which such entities engage.
       ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--For fiscal year 
     2009 and each fiscal year

[[Page S7940]]

     thereafter, there is authorized to be appropriated for fees 
     under this section an amount equal to the total revenue 
     amount determined under subsection (b) for the fiscal year, 
     as adjusted or otherwise affected under the other provisions 
     of this section.''.
       (b) Export Certification Fees for Foods and Animal Feed.--
       (1) Authority for export certifications for food, including 
     animal feed.--Section 801(e)(4)(A) (21 U.S.C. 381(e)(4)(A)) 
     is amended--
       (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking ``a 
     drug'' and inserting ``a food, drug'';
       (B) in clause (i) by striking ``exported drug'' and 
     inserting ``exported food, drug''; and
       (C) in clause (ii) by striking ``the drug'' each place it 
     appears and inserting ``the food, drug''.
       (2) Clarification of certification.--Section 801(e)(4) (21 
     U.S.C. 381(e)(4)) is amended by inserting after subparagraph 
     (B) the following new subparagraph:
       ``(C) For purposes of this paragraph, a certification by 
     the Secretary shall be made on such basis, and in such form 
     (including a publicly available listing) as the Secretary 
     determines appropriate.''.

     SEC. 114. FINAL RULE FOR PREVENTION OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS 
                   IN SHELL EGGS DURING PRODUCTION.

       Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
     Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule based on the 
     proposed rule issued by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs 
     entitled ``Prevention of  Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell 
     Eggs During Production'', 69 Fed. Reg. 56824, (September 22, 
     2004).

     SEC. 115. SANITARY TRANSPORTATION OF FOOD.

       Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
     Act, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations described in 
     section 416(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 
     (21 U.S.C. 350e(b)).

     SEC. 116. FOOD ALLERGY AND ANAPHYLAXIS MANAGEMENT.

       (a) Definitions.--In this section:
       (1) Early childhood education program.--The term ``early 
     childhood education program'' means--
       (A) a Head Start program or an Early Head Start program 
     carried out under the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et 
     seq.);
       (B) a State licensed or regulated child care program or 
     school; or
       (C) a State prekindergarten program that serves children 
     from birth through kindergarten.
       (2) ESEA definitions.--The terms ``local educational 
     agency'', ``secondary school'', ``elementary school'', and 
     ``parent'' have the meanings given the terms in section 9101 
     of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 
     U.S.C. 7801).
       (3) School.--The term ``school'' includes public--
       (A) kindergartens;
       (B) elementary schools; and
       (C) secondary schools.
       (b) Establishment of Voluntary Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis 
     Management Guidelines.--
       (1) Establishment.--
       (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with 
     the Secretary of Education, shall--
       (i) develop guidelines to be used on a voluntary basis to 
     develop plans for individuals to manage the risk of food 
     allergy and anaphylaxis in schools and early childhood 
     education programs; and
       (ii) make such guidelines available to local educational 
     agencies, schools, early childhood education programs, and 
     other interested entities and individuals to be implemented 
     on a voluntary basis only.
       (B) Applicability of ferpa.--Each plan described in 
     subparagraph (A) that is developed for an individual shall be 
     considered an education record for the purpose of the Family 
     Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. 1232g).
       (2) Contents.--The voluntary guidelines developed by the 
     Secretary under paragraph (1) shall address each of the 
     following, and may be updated as the Secretary deems 
     necessary:
       (A) Parental obligation to provide the school or early 
     childhood education program, prior to the start of every 
     school year, with--
       (i) documentation from their child's physician or nurse--

       (I) supporting a diagnosis of food allergy and the risk of 
     anaphylaxis;

       (II) identifying any food to which the child is allergic;
       (III) describing, if appropriate, any prior history of 
     anaphylaxis;
       (IV) listing any medication prescribed for the child for 
     the treatment of anaphylaxis;
       (V) detailing emergency treatment procedures in the event 
     of a reaction;
       (VI) listing the signs and symptoms of a reaction; and
       (VII) assessing the child's readiness for self-
     administration of prescription medication; and

       (ii) a list of substitute meals that may be offered to the 
     child by school or early childhood education program food 
     service personnel.
       (B) The creation and maintenance of an individual health 
     care plan for food allergy management, in consultation with 
     the parent, tailored to the needs of each child with a 
     documented risk for anaphylaxis, including any procedures for 
     the self-administration of medication by such children in 
     instances where--
       (i) the children are capable of self-administering 
     medication; and
       (ii) such administration is not prohibited by State law.
       (C) Communication strategies between individual schools or 
     early childhood education programs and local providers of 
     emergency medical services, including appropriate 
     instructions for emergency medical response.
       (D) Strategies to reduce the risk of exposure to 
     anaphylactic causative agents in classrooms and common school 
     or early childhood education program areas such as 
     cafeterias.
       (E) The dissemination of general information on life-
     threatening food allergies to school or early childhood 
     education program staff, parents, and children.
       (F) Food allergy management training of school or early 
     childhood education program personnel who regularly come into 
     contact with children with life-threatening food allergies.
       (G) The authorization and training of school or early 
     childhood education program personnel to administer 
     epinephrine when the nurse is not immediately available.
       (H) The timely accessibility of epinephrine by school or 
     early childhood education program personnel when the nurse is 
     not immediately available.
       (I) The creation of a plan contained in each individual 
     health care plan for food allergy management that addresses 
     the appropriate response to an incident of anaphylaxis of a 
     child while such child is engaged in extracurricular programs 
     of a school or early childhood education program, such as 
     non-academic outings and field trips, before- and after-
     school programs or before- and after-early child education 
     program programs, and school-sponsored or early childhood 
     education program-sponsored programs held on weekends.
       (J) Maintenance of information for each administration of 
     epinephrine to a child at risk for anaphylaxis and prompt 
     notification to parents.
       (K) Other elements the Secretary deems necessary for the 
     management of food allergies and anaphylaxis in schools and 
     early childhood education programs.
       (3) Relation to state law.--Nothing in this section or the 
     guidelines developed by the Secretary under paragraph (1) 
     shall be construed to preempt State law, including any State 
     law regarding whether students at risk for anaphylaxis may 
     self-administer medication.
       (c) School-Based Food Allergy Management Grants.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary may award grants to local 
     educational agencies to assist such agencies with 
     implementing voluntary food allergy and anaphylaxis 
     management guidelines described in subsection (b).
       (2) Application.--
       (A) In general.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
     this subsection, a local educational agency shall submit an 
     application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, 
     and including such information as the Secretary may 
     reasonably require.
       (B) Contents.--Each application submitted under 
     subparagraph (A) shall include--
       (i) an assurance that the local educational agency has 
     developed plans in accordance with the food allergy and 
     anaphylaxis management guidelines described in subsection 
     (b);
       (ii) a description of the activities to be funded by the 
     grant in carrying out the food allergy and anaphylaxis 
     management guidelines, including--

       (I) how the guidelines will be carried out at individual 
     schools served by the local educational agency;
       (II) how the local educational agency will inform parents 
     and students of the guidelines in place;
       (III) how school nurses, teachers, administrators, and 
     other school-based staff will be made aware of, and given 
     training on, when applicable, the guidelines in place; and
       (IV) any other activities that the Secretary determines 
     appropriate;

       (iii) an itemization of how grant funds received under this 
     subsection will be expended;
       (iv) a description of how adoption of the guidelines and 
     implementation of grant activities will be monitored; and
       (v) an agreement by the local educational agency to report 
     information required by the Secretary to conduct evaluations 
     under this subsection.
       (3) Use of funds.--Each local educational agency that 
     receives a grant under this subsection may use the grant 
     funds for the following:
       (A) Purchase of materials and supplies, including limited 
     medical supplies such as epinephrine and disposable wet 
     wipes, to support carrying out the food allergy and 
     anaphylaxis management guidelines described in subsection 
     (b).
       (B) In partnership with local health departments, school 
     nurse, teacher, and personnel training for food allergy 
     management.
       (C) Programs that educate students as to the presence of, 
     and policies and procedures in place related to, food 
     allergies and anaphylactic shock.
       (D) Outreach to parents.
       (E) Any other activities consistent with the guidelines 
     described in subsection (b).

[[Page S7941]]

       (4) Duration of awards.--The Secretary may award grants 
     under this subsection for a period of not more than 2 years. 
     In the event the Secretary conducts a program evaluation 
     under this subsection, funding in the second year of the 
     grant, where applicable, shall be contingent on a successful 
     program evaluation by the Secretary after the first year.
       (5) Limitation on grant funding.--The Secretary may not 
     provide grant funding to a local educational agency under 
     this subsection after such local educational agency has 
     received 2 years of grant funding under this subsection.
       (6) Maximum amount of annual awards.--A grant awarded under 
     this subsection may not be made in an amount that is more 
     than $50,000 annually.
       (7) Priority.--In awarding grants under this subsection, 
     the Secretary shall give priority to local educational 
     agencies with the highest percentages of children who are 
     counted under section 1124(c) of the Elementary and Secondary 
     Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6333(c)).
       (8) Matching funds.--
       (A) In general.--The Secretary may not award a grant under 
     this subsection unless the local educational agency agrees 
     that, with respect to the costs to be incurred by such local 
     educational agency in carrying out the grant activities, the 
     local educational agency shall make available (directly or 
     through donations from public or private entities) non-
     Federal funds toward such costs in an amount equal to not 
     less than 25 percent of the amount of the grant.
       (B) Determination of amount of non-federal contribution.--
     Non-Federal funds required under subparagraph (A) may be cash 
     or in kind, including plant, equipment, or services. Amounts 
     provided by the Federal Government, and any portion of any 
     service subsidized by the Federal Government, may not be 
     included in determining the amount of such non-Federal funds.
       (9) Administrative funds.--A local educational agency that 
     receives a grant under this subsection may use not more than 
     2 percent of the grant amount for administrative costs 
     related to carrying out this subsection.
       (10) Progress and evaluations.--At the completion of the 
     grant period referred to in paragraph (4), a local 
     educational agency shall provide the Secretary with 
     information on how grant funds were spent and the status of 
     implementation of the food allergy and anaphylaxis management 
     guidelines described in subsection (b).
       (11) Supplement, not supplant.--Grant funds received under 
     this subsection shall be used to supplement, and not 
     supplant, non-Federal funds and any other Federal funds 
     available to carry out the activities described in this 
     subsection.
       (12) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
     to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $30,000,000 
     for fiscal year 2009 and such sums as may be necessary for 
     each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years.
       (d) Voluntary Nature of Guidelines.--
       (1) In general.--The food allergy and anaphylaxis 
     management guidelines developed by the Secretary under 
     subsection (b) are voluntary. Nothing in this section or the 
     guidelines developed by the Secretary under subsection (b) 
     shall be construed to require a local educational agency to 
     implement such guidelines.
       (2) Exception.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the 
     Secretary may enforce an agreement by a local educational 
     agency to implement food allergy and anaphylaxis management 
     guidelines as a condition of the receipt of a grant under 
     subsection (c).

                  TITLE II--DETECTION AND SURVEILLANCE

     SEC. 201. RECOGNITION OF LABORATORY ACCREDITATION FOR 
                   ANALYSES OF FOODS.

       (a) In General.--Chapter IV (21 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), as 
     amended by section 109, is amended by adding at the end the 
     following:

     ``SEC. 423. RECOGNITION OF LABORATORY ACCREDITATION FOR 
                   ANALYSES OF FOODS.

       ``(a) Recognition of Laboratory Accreditation.--
       ``(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
     enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, the 
     Secretary shall--
       ``(A) provide for the recognition of accreditation bodies 
     that accredit laboratories, including laboratories run and 
     operated by a State or locality, with a demonstrated 
     capability to conduct analytical testing of food products; 
     and
       ``(B) establish a publicly available registry of 
     accreditation bodies, including the name of, contact 
     information for, and other information deemed necessary by 
     the Secretary about such bodies.
       ``(2) Model accreditation standards.--The Secretary shall 
     develop model standards that an accreditation body shall 
     require laboratories to meet in order to be included in the 
     registry provided for under paragraph (1). In developing the 
     model standards, the Secretary shall look to existing 
     standards for guidance. The model standards shall include 
     methods to ensure that--
       ``(A) appropriate sampling and analytical procedures are 
     followed and reports of analyses are certified as true and 
     accurate;
       ``(B) internal quality systems are established and 
     maintained;
       ``(C) procedures exist to evaluate and respond promptly to 
     complaints regarding analyses and other activities for which 
     the laboratory is recognized;
       ``(D) individuals who conduct the analyses are qualified by 
     training and experience to do so; and
       ``(E) any other criteria determined appropriate by the 
     Secretary.
       ``(3) Review of accreditation.--To assure compliance with 
     the requirements of this section, the Secretary shall--
       ``(A) periodically, or at least every 5 years, reevaluate 
     accreditation bodies recognized under paragraph (1); and
       ``(B) promptly revoke the recognition of any accreditation 
     body found not to be in compliance with the requirements of 
     this section.
       ``(b) Testing Procedures.--Food testing shall be conducted 
     by either Federal laboratories or non-Federal laboratories 
     that have been accredited by an accreditation body on the 
     registry established by the Secretary under subsection (a) 
     whenever such testing is either conducted by or on behalf of 
     an owner or consignee--
       ``(1) in support of admission of an article of food under 
     section 801(a);
       ``(2) due to a specific testing requirement in this Act or 
     implementing regulations;
       ``(3) under an Import Alert that requires successful 
     consecutive tests; or
       ``(4) is so required by the Secretary as the Secretary 
     deems appropriate.
     The results of any such sampling or testing shall be sent 
     directly to the Food and Drug Administration.
       ``(c) Review by Secretary.--If food sampling and testing 
     performed by a laboratory run and operated by a State or 
     locality that is accredited by an accreditation body on the 
     registry established by the Secretary under subsection (a) 
     result in a State recalling a food, the Secretary shall 
     review the sampling and testing results for the purpose of 
     determining the need for a national recall or other 
     compliance and enforcement activities.''.
       (b) Food Emergency Response Network.--The Secretary, in 
     coordination with the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary 
     of Homeland Security, and State, local, and tribal 
     governments shall, not later than 180 days after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter, submit to 
     the relevant committees of Congress, and make publicly 
     available on the Internet Web site of the Department of 
     Health and Human Services, a report on the progress in 
     implementing a national food emergency response laboratory 
     network that--
       (1) provides ongoing surveillance, rapid detection, and 
     surge capacity for large-scale food-related emergencies, 
     including intentional adulteration of the food supply;
       (2) coordinates the food laboratory capacities of State 
     food laboratories, including the sharing of data between 
     State laboratories to develop national situational awareness;
       (3) provides accessible, timely, accurate, and consistent 
     food laboratory services throughout the United States;
       (4) develops and implements a methods repository for use by 
     Federal, State, and local officials;
       (5) responds to food-related emergencies; and
       (6) is integrated with relevant laboratory networks 
     administered by other Federal agencies.

     SEC. 202. INTEGRATED CONSORTIUM OF LABORATORY NETWORKS.

       (a) In General.--The Secretary of Homeland Security, in 
     consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, 
     the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Administrator of the 
     Environmental Protection Agency, shall maintain an agreement 
     through which relevant laboratory network members, as 
     determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall--
       (1) agree on common laboratory methods in order to 
     facilitate the sharing of knowledge and information relating 
     to animal health, agriculture, and human health;
       (2) identify the means by which each laboratory network 
     member could work cooperatively--
       (A) to optimize national laboratory preparedness; and
       (B) to provide surge capacity during emergencies; and
       (3) engage in ongoing dialogue and build relationships that 
     will support a more effective and integrated response during 
     emergencies.
       (b) Reporting Requirement.--The Secretary of Homeland 
     Security shall, on a biennial basis, submit to the relevant 
     committees of Congress, and make publicly available on the 
     Internet Web site of the Department of Homeland Security, a 
     report on the progress of the integrated consortium of 
     laboratory networks, as established under subsection (a), in 
     carrying out this section.

     SEC. 203. BUILDING DOMESTIC CAPACITY.

       (a) In General.--
       (1) Initial report.--The Secretary shall, not later than 2 
     years after the date of enactment of this Act, submit to 
     Congress a comprehensive report that identifies programs and 
     practices that are intended to promote the safety and 
     security of food and to prevent outbreaks of food-borne 
     illness and other food-related hazards that can be addressed 
     through preventive activities. Such report shall include a 
     description of the following:
       (A) Analysis of the need for regulations or guidance to 
     industry.
       (B) Outreach to food industry sectors, including through 
     the Food and Agriculture

[[Page S7942]]

     Coordinating Councils referred to in section 111, to identify 
     potential sources of emerging threats to the safety and 
     security of the food supply and preventive strategies to 
     address those threats.
       (C) Systems to ensure the prompt distribution to the food 
     industry of information and technical assistance concerning 
     preventive strategies.
       (D) Communication systems to ensure that information about 
     specific threats to the safety and security of the food 
     supply are rapidly and effectively disseminated.
       (E) Surveillance systems and laboratory networks to rapidly 
     detect and respond to food-borne illness outbreaks and other 
     food-related hazards, including how such systems and networks 
     are integrated.
       (F) Outreach, education, and training provided to States to 
     build State food safety and food defense capabilities, 
     including progress implementing strategies developed under 
     sections 110 and 205.
       (G) The estimated resources needed to effectively implement 
     the programs and practices identified in the report developed 
     in this section over a 5-year period.
       (2) Biennial reports.--On a biennial basis following the 
     submission of the report under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
     shall submit to Congress a report that--
       (A) reviews previous food safety programs and practices;
       (B) outlines the success of those programs and practices;
       (C) identifies future programs and practices; and
       (D) includes information related to any matter described in 
     subparagraphs (A) through (G) of paragraph (1), as necessary.
       (b) Risk-Based Activities.--The report developed under 
     subsection (a)(1) shall describe methods that seek to ensure 
     that resources available to the Secretary for food safety-
     related activities are directed at those actions most likely 
     to reduce risks from food, including the use of preventive 
     strategies and allocation of inspection resources. The 
     Secretary shall promptly undertake those risk-based actions 
     that are identified during the development of the report as 
     likely to contribute to the safety and security of the food 
     supply.
       (c) Capability for Laboratory Analyses; Research.--The 
     report developed under subsection (a)(1) shall provide a 
     description of methods to increase capacity to undertake 
     analyses of food samples promptly after collection, to 
     identify new and rapid analytical techniques, including 
     techniques that can be employed at ports of entry and through 
     Food Emergency Response Network laboratories, and to provide 
     for well-equipped and staffed laboratory facilities.
       (d) Information Technology.--The report developed under 
     subsection (a)(1) shall include a description of such 
     information technology systems as may be needed to identify 
     risks and receive data from multiple sources, including 
     foreign governments, State, local, and tribal governments, 
     other Federal agencies, the food industry, laboratories, 
     laboratory networks, and consumers. The information 
     technology systems that the Secretary describes shall also 
     provide for the integration of the facility registration 
     system under section 415 of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
     Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 350d), and the prior notice system 
     under section 801(m) of such Act (21 U.S.C. 381(m)) with 
     other information technology systems that are used by the 
     Federal Government for the processing of food offered for 
     import into the United States.
       (e) Automated Risk Assessment.--The report developed under 
     subsection (a)(1) shall include a description of progress 
     toward developing and improving an automated risk assessment 
     system for food safety surveillance and allocation of 
     resources.
       (f) Traceback and Surveillance Report.--The Secretary shall 
     include in the report developed under subsection (a)(1) an 
     analysis of the Food and Drug Administration's performance in 
     food-borne illness outbreaks during the 5-year period 
     preceding the date of enactment of this Act involving fruits 
     and vegetables that are raw agricultural commodities (as 
     defined in section 201(r) of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
     Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321(r)) and recommendations for 
     enhanced surveillance, outbreak response, and traceability. 
     Such findings and recommendations shall address communication 
     and coordination with the public and industry, outbreak 
     identification, and traceback.
       (g) Biennial Food Safety and Food Defense Research Plan.--
     The Secretary and the Secretary of Agriculture shall, on a 
     biennial basis, submit to Congress a joint food safety and 
     food defense research plan which may include studying the 
     long-term health effects of food-borne illness. Such biennial 
     plan shall include a list and description of projects 
     conducted during the previous 2-year period and the plan for 
     projects to be conducted during the following 2-year period.

     SEC. 204. ENHANCING TRACEBACK AND RECORDKEEPING.

       (a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
     Secretary of Agriculture and representatives of State 
     departments of health and agriculture, shall improve the 
     capacity of the Secretary to effectively and rapidly track 
     and trace, in the event of an outbreak, fruits and vegetables 
     that are raw agricultural commodities.
       (b) Pilot Project.--
       (1) In general.--Not later than 9 months after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a pilot 
     project in coordination with the produce industry to explore 
     and evaluate new methods for rapidly and effectively tracking 
     and tracing fruits and vegetables that are raw agricultural 
     commodities so that, if an outbreak occurs involving such a 
     fruit or vegetable, the Secretary may quickly identify the 
     source of the outbreak and the recipients of the contaminated 
     food.
       (2) Content.--The Secretary shall select participants from 
     the produce industry to run projects which overall shall 
     include at least 3 different types of fruits or vegetables 
     that have been the subject of outbreaks during the 5-year 
     period preceding the date of enactment of this Act, and shall 
     be selected in order to develop and demonstrate--
       (A) methods that are applicable and appropriate for small 
     businesses; and
       (B) technologies, including existing technologies, that 
     enhance traceback and trace forward.
       (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall report to Congress 
     on the findings of the pilot project under subsection (b) 
     together with recommendations for establishing more effective 
     traceback and trace forward procedures for fruits and 
     vegetables that are raw agricultural commodities.
       (d) Traceback Performance Requirements.--Not later than 24 
     months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
     shall publish a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish 
     standards for the type of information, format, and timeframe 
     for persons to submit records to aid the Secretary in 
     effectively and rapidly tracking and tracing, in the event of 
     an outbreak, fruits and vegetables that are raw agricultural 
     commodities. Nothing in this section shall be construed as 
     giving the Secretary the authority to prescribe specific 
     technologies for the maintenance of records.
       (e) Public Input.--During the comment period in the notice 
     of proposed rulemaking under subsection (d), the Secretary 
     shall conduct not less than 3 public meetings in diverse 
     geographical areas of the United States to provide persons in 
     different regions an opportunity to comment.
       (f) Raw Agricultural Commodity.--In this section, the term 
     ``raw agricultural commodity'' has the meaning given that 
     term in section 201(r) of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
     Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321(r)).

     SEC. 205. SURVEILLANCE.

       (a) Definition of Food-Borne Illness Outbreak.--In this 
     section, the term ``food-borne illness outbreak'' means the 
     occurrence of 2 or more cases of a similar illness resulting 
     from the ingestion of a food.
       (b) Food-Borne Illness Surveillance Systems.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the Director 
     of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall 
     enhance food-borne illness surveillance systems to improve 
     the collection, analysis, reporting, and usefulness of data 
     on food-borne illnesses by--
       (A) coordinating Federal, State and local food-borne 
     illness surveillance systems, including complaint systems, 
     and increasing participation in national networks of public 
     health and food regulatory agencies and laboratories;
       (B) facilitating sharing of findings on a more timely basis 
     among governmental agencies, including the Food and Drug 
     Administration, the Department of Agriculture, and State and 
     local agencies, and with the public;
       (C) developing improved epidemiological tools for obtaining 
     quality exposure data, and microbiological methods for 
     classifying cases;
       (D) augmenting such systems to improve attribution of a 
     food-borne illness outbreak to a specific food;
       (E) expanding capacity of such systems, including working 
     toward automatic electronic searches, for implementation of 
     fingerprinting strategies for food-borne infectious agents, 
     in order to identify new or rarely documented causes of food-
     borne illness and submit standardized information to a 
     centralized database;
       (F) allowing timely public access to aggregated, de-
     identified surveillance data;
       (G) at least annually, publishing current reports on 
     findings from such systems;
       (H) establishing a flexible mechanism for rapidly 
     initiating scientific research by academic institutions;
       (I) integrating food-borne illness surveillance systems and 
     data with other biosurveillance and public health situational 
     awareness capabilities at the state and federal levels; and
       (J) other activities as determined appropriate by the 
     Secretary.
       (2) Partnerships.--The Secretary shall support and maintain 
     a diverse working group of experts and stakeholders from 
     Federal, State, and local food safety and health agencies, 
     the food industry, consumer organizations, and academia. Such 
     working group shall provide the Secretary, through at least 
     annual meetings of the working group and an annual public 
     report, advice and recommendations on an ongoing and regular 
     basis regarding the improvement of food-borne illness 
     surveillance and implementation of this section, including 
     advice and recommendations on--
       (A) the priority needs of regulatory agencies, the food 
     industry, and consumers for information and analysis on food-
     borne illness and its causes;
       (B) opportunities to improve the effectiveness of 
     initiatives at the Federal, State, and

[[Page S7943]]

     local levels, including coordination and integration of 
     activities among Federal agencies, and between the Federal, 
     State, and local levels of government;
       (C) improvement in the timeliness and depth of access by 
     regulatory and health agencies, the food industry, academic 
     researchers, and consumers to food-borne illness surveillance 
     data collected by government agencies at all levels, 
     including data compiled by the Centers for Disease Control 
     and Prevention;
       (D) key barriers to improvement in food-borne illness 
     surveillance and its utility for preventing food-borne 
     illness at Federal, State, and local levels;
       (E) the capabilities needed for establishing automatic 
     electronic searches of surveillance data; and
       (F) specific actions to reduce barriers to improvement, 
     implement the working group's recommendations, and achieve 
     the purposes of this section, with measurable objectives and 
     timelines, and identification of resource and staffing needs.
       (c) Improving Food Safety and Defense Capacity at the State 
     and Local Level.--
       (1) In general.--The Secretary shall develop and implement 
     strategies to leverage and enhance the food safety and 
     defense capacities of State and local agencies in order to 
     achieve the following goals:
       (A) Improve food-borne illness outbreak response and 
     containment.
       (B) Accelerate food-borne illness surveillance and outbreak 
     investigation, including rapid shipment of clinical isolates 
     from clinical laboratories to appropriate State laboratories, 
     and conducting more standardized illness outbreak interviews.
       (C) Strengthen the capacity of State and local agencies to 
     carry out inspections and enforce safety standards.
       (D) Improve the effectiveness of Federal-State partnerships 
     to coordinate food safety and defense resources and reduce 
     the incidence of food-borne illness.
       (E) Share information on a timely basis among public health 
     and food regulatory agencies, with the food industry, with 
     health care providers, and with the public.
       (F) Strengthen the capacity of State and local agencies to 
     achieve the goals described in section 110.
       (2) Review.--In developing of the strategies required by 
     paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, not later than 1 year 
     after the date of enactment of the FDA Food Safety 
     Modernization Act, complete a review of State and local 
     capacities, and needs for enhancement, which may include a 
     survey with respect to--
       (A) staffing levels and expertise available to perform food 
     safety and defense functions;
       (B) laboratory capacity to support surveillance, outbreak 
     response, inspection, and enforcement activities;
       (C) information systems to support data management and 
     sharing of food safety and defense information among State 
     and local agencies and with counterparts at the Federal 
     level; and
       (D) other State and local activities and needs as 
     determined appropriate by the Secretary.
       (d) Food Safety Capacity Building Grants.--Section 317R(b) 
     of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247b-20(b)) is 
     amended--
       (1) by striking ``2002'' and inserting ``2009''; and
       (2) by striking ``2003 through 2006'' and inserting ``2010 
     through 2013''.

            TITLE III--SPECIFIC PROVISIONS FOR IMPORTED FOOD

     SEC. 301. FOREIGN SUPPLIER VERIFICATION PROGRAM.

       (a) In General.--Chapter VIII (21 U.S.C. 381 et seq.) is 
     amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``SEC. 805. FOREIGN SUPPLIER VERIFICATION PROGRAM.

       ``(a) In General.--
       ``(1) Verification requirement.--Each United States 
     importer of record shall perform risk-based foreign supplier 
     verification activities in accordance with regulations 
     promulgated under subsection (c) for the purpose of verifying 
     that the food imported by the importer of record or its agent 
     is--
       ``(A) produced in compliance with the requirements of 
     section 419 or 420, as appropriate; and
       ``(B) is not adulterated under section 402 or misbranded 
     under section 403(w).
       ``(2) Importer exclusion.--For purposes of this section, an 
     `importer of record' shall not include a person holding a 
     valid license under section 641 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 
     U.S.C. 1641) (referred to as a `customs broker') if the 
     customs broker has executed a written agreement with another 
     person who has agreed to comply with the requirements of this 
     section with regard to food imported or offered for import by 
     the customs broker.
       ``(b) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, the 
     Secretary shall issue guidance to assist United States 
     importers of record in developing foreign supplier 
     verification programs.
       ``(c) Regulations.--
       ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, the 
     Secretary shall promulgate regulations to provide for the 
     content of the foreign supplier verification program 
     established under subsection (a). Such regulations shall, as 
     appropriate, include a process for verification by a United 
     States importer of record, with respect to each foreign 
     supplier from which it obtains food, that the imported food 
     is produced in compliance with the requirements of section 
     419 or 420, as appropriate, and is not adulterated under 
     section 402 or misbranded under section 403(w).
       ``(2) Verification.--The regulations under paragraph (1) 
     shall require that the foreign supplier verification program 
     of each importer of record be adequate to provide assurances 
     that each foreign supplier to the importer of record produces 
     the imported food employing processes and procedures, 
     including risk-based reasonably appropriate preventive 
     controls, equivalent in preventing adulteration and reducing 
     hazards as those required by section 419 or section 420, as 
     appropriate.
       ``(3) Activities.--Verification activities under a foreign 
     supplier verification program under this section may include 
     monitoring records for shipments, lot-by-lot certification of 
     compliance, annual on-site inspections, checking the hazard 
     analysis and risk-based preventive control plan of the 
     foreign supplier, and periodically testing and sampling 
     shipments.
       ``(d) Record Maintenance and Access.--Records of a United 
     States importer of record related to a foreign supplier 
     verification program shall be maintained for a period of not 
     less than 2 years and shall be made available promptly to a 
     duly authorized representative of the Secretary upon request.
       ``(e) Deemed Compliance of Seafood, Juice, and Low-Acid 
     Canned Food Facilities in Compliance With HACCP.--An owner, 
     operator, or agent in charge of a facility required to comply 
     with 1 of the following standards and regulations with 
     respect to such facility shall be deemed to be in compliance 
     with this section with respect to such facility:
       ``(1) The Seafood Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points 
     Program of the Food and Drug Administration.
       ``(2) The Juice Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points 
     Program of the Food and Drug Administration.
       ``(3) The Thermally Processed Low-Acid Foods Packaged in 
     Hermetically Sealed Containers standards of the Food and Drug 
     Administration (or any successor standards).
       ``(f) Publication of List of Participants.--The Secretary 
     shall publish and maintain on the Internet Web site of the 
     Food and Drug Administration a current list that includes the 
     name of, location of, and other information deemed necessary 
     by the Secretary about, importers participating under this 
     section.''.
       (b) Prohibited Act.--Section 301 (21 U.S.C. 331), as 
     amended by section 109, is amended by adding at the end the 
     following:
       ``(ss) The importation or offering for importation of a 
     food if the importer of record does not have in place a 
     foreign supplier verification program in compliance with 
     section 805.''.
       (c) Imports.--Section 801(a) (21 U.S.C. 381(a)) is amended 
     by adding ``or the importer of record is in violation of 
     section 805'' after ``or in violation of section 505''.
       (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section 
     shall take effect 2 years after the date of enactment of this 
     Act.

     SEC. 302. VOLUNTARY QUALIFIED IMPORTER PROGRAM.

       Chapter VIII (21 U.S.C. 381 et seq.), as amended by section 
     301, is amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``SEC. 806. VOLUNTARY QUALIFIED IMPORTER PROGRAM.

       ``(a) In General.--Beginning not later than 1 year after 
     the date of enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization 
     Act, the Secretary shall--
       ``(1) establish a program, in consultation with the 
     Department of Homeland Security, to provide for the expedited 
     review and importation of food offered for importation by 
     United States importers who have voluntarily agreed to 
     participate in such program; and
       ``(2) issue a guidance document related to participation 
     and compliance with such program.
       ``(b) Voluntary Participation.--An importer may request the 
     Secretary to provide for the expedited review and importation 
     of designated foods in accordance with the program procedures 
     established by the Secretary.
       ``(c) Eligibility.--In order to be eligible, an importer 
     shall be offering food for importation from a facility that 
     has a certification described in section 809(b). In reviewing 
     the applications and making determinations on such requests, 
     the Secretary shall consider the risk of the food to be 
     imported based on factors, such as the following:
       ``(1) The nature of the food to be imported.
       ``(2) The compliance history of the foreign supplier.
       ``(3) The capability of the regulatory system of the 
     country of export to ensure compliance with United States 
     food safety standards.
       ``(4) The compliance of the importer with the requirements 
     of section 805.
       ``(5) The recordkeeping, testing, inspections and audits of 
     facilities, traceability of articles of food, temperature 
     controls, and sourcing practices of the importer.

[[Page S7944]]

       ``(6) The potential risk for intentional adulteration of 
     the food.
       ``(7) Any other factor that the Secretary determines 
     appropriate.
       ``(d) Review and Revocation.--Any importer qualified by the 
     Secretary in accordance with the eligibility criteria set 
     forth in this section shall be reevaluated not less often 
     than once every 3 years and the Secretary shall promptly 
     revoke the qualified importer status of any importer found 
     not to be in compliance with such criteria.
       ``(e) Definition.--For purposes of this section, the term 
     `importer' means the person that brings food, or causes food 
     to be brought, from a foreign country into the customs 
     territory of the United States.''.

     SEC. 303. AUTHORITY TO REQUIRE IMPORT CERTIFICATIONS FOR 
                   FOOD.

       (a) In General.--Section 801(a) (21 U.S.C. 381(a)) is 
     amended by inserting after the third sentence the following: 
     ``With respect to an article of food, if importation of such 
     food is subject to, but not compliant with, the requirement 
     under subsection (p) that such food be accompanied by a 
     certification or other assurance that the food meets some or 
     all applicable requirements of this Act, then such article 
     shall be refused admission.''.
       (b) Addition of Certification Requirement.--Section 801 (21 
     U.S.C. 381) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
     subsection:
       ``(p) Certifications Concerning Imported Foods.--
       ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, based on public health 
     considerations, including risks associated with the food or 
     its place of origin, may require as a condition of granting 
     admission to an article of food imported or offered for 
     import into the United States, that an entity specified in 
     paragraph (2) provide a certification or such other 
     assurances as the Secretary determines appropriate that the 
     article of food complies with some or all applicable 
     requirements of this Act, as specified by the Secretary. Such 
     certification or assurances may be provided in the form of 
     shipment-specific certificates, a listing of certified 
     entities, or in such other form as the Secretary may specify. 
     Such certification shall be used for designated food imported 
     from countries with which the Food and Drug Administration 
     has an agreement to establish a certification program.
       ``(2) Certifying entities.--For purposes of paragraph (1), 
     entities that shall provide the certification or assurances 
     described in such paragraph are--
       ``(A) an agency or a representative of the government of 
     the country from which the article of food at issue 
     originated, as designated by such government or the 
     Secretary; or
       ``(B) such other persons or entities accredited pursuant to 
     section 809 to provide such certification or assurance.
       ``(3) Renewal and refusal of certifications.--The Secretary 
     may--
       ``(A) require that any certification or other assurance 
     provided by an entity specified in paragraph (2) be renewed 
     by such entity at such times as the Secretary determines 
     appropriate; and
       ``(B) refuse to accept any certification or assurance if 
     the Secretary determines that such certification or assurance 
     is no longer valid or reliable.
       ``(4) Electronic submission.--The Secretary shall provide 
     for the electronic submission of certifications under this 
     subsection.''.
       (c) Conforming Technical Amendment.--Section 801(b) (21 
     U.S.C. 381(b)) is amended in the second sentence by striking 
     ``with respect to an article included within the provision of 
     the fourth sentence of subsection (a)'' and inserting ``with 
     respect to an article described in subsection (a) relating to 
     the requirements of sections 760 or 761,''.
       (d) No Limit on Authority.--Nothing in the amendments made 
     by this section shall limit the authority of the Secretary to 
     conduct random inspections of imported food or to take such 
     other steps as the Secretary deems appropriate to determine 
     the admissibility of imported food.

     SEC. 304. PRIOR NOTICE OF IMPORTED FOOD SHIPMENTS.

       (a) In General.--Section 801(m)(1) (21 U.S.C. 381(m)(1)) is 
     amended by inserting ``any country to which the article has 
     been refused entry;'' after ``the country from which the 
     article is shipped;''.
       (b) Regulations.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue an interim 
     final rule amending subpart I of part 1 of title 21, Code of 
     Federal Regulations, to implement the amendment made by this 
     section.
       (c) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section 
     shall take effect 180 days after the date of enactment of 
     this Act.

     SEC. 305. REVIEW OF A REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF A FOREIGN 
                   COUNTRY.

       Chapter VIII (21 U.S.C. 381 et seq.), as amended by section 
     302, is amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``SEC. 807. REVIEW OF A REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF A FOREIGN 
                   COUNTRY.

       ``The Secretary may review information from a country 
     outlining the statutes, regulations, standards, and controls 
     of such country, and conduct on-site audits in such country 
     to verify the implementation of those statutes, regulations, 
     standards, and controls. Based on such review, the Secretary 
     shall determine whether such country can provide reasonable 
     assurances that the food supply of the country is equivalent 
     in safety to food manufactured, processed, packed, or held in 
     the United States.''.

     SEC. 306. BUILDING CAPACITY OF FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS WITH 
                   RESPECT TO FOOD.

       (a) In General.--The Secretary shall, not later than 2 
     years of the date of enactment of this Act, develop a 
     comprehensive plan to expand the technical, scientific, and 
     regulatory capacity of foreign governments, and their 
     respective food industries, from which foods are exported to 
     the United States.
       (b) Consultation.--In developing the plan under subsection 
     (a), the Secretary shall consult with the Secretary of 
     Agriculture, Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, 
     and the Secretary of Commerce, representatives of the food 
     industry, appropriate foreign government officials, and 
     nongovernmental organizations that represent the interests of 
     consumers, and other stakeholders.
       (c) Plan.--The plan developed under subsection (a) shall 
     include, as appropriate, the following:
       (1) Recommendations for bilateral and multilateral 
     arrangements and agreements, including provisions to provide 
     for responsibility of exporting countries to ensure the 
     safety of food.
       (2) Provisions for electronic data sharing.
       (3) Provisions for mutual recognition of inspection 
     reports.
       (4) Training of foreign governments and food producers on 
     United States requirements for safe food.
       (5) Recommendations to harmonize requirements under the 
     Codex Alimentarius.
       (6) Provisions for the multilateral acceptance of 
     laboratory methods and detection techniques.

     SEC. 307. INSPECTION OF FOREIGN FOOD FACILITIES.

       Chapter VIII (21 U.S.C. 381 et seq.), as amended by section 
     305, is amended by inserting at the end the following:

     ``SEC. 808. INSPECTION OF FOREIGN FOOD FACILITIES.

       ``(a) Inspection.--The Secretary--
       ``(1) may enter into arrangements and agreements with 
     foreign governments to facilitate the inspection of foreign 
     facilities registered under section 415; and
       ``(2) shall direct resources to inspections of foreign 
     facilities, suppliers, and food types, especially such 
     facilities, suppliers, and food types that present a high 
     risk (as identified by the Secretary), to help ensure the 
     safety and security of the food supply of the United States.
       ``(b) Effect of Inability To Inspect.--Notwithstanding any 
     other provision of law, food shall be refused admission into 
     the United States if it is from a foreign facility registered 
     under section 415 of which the owner, operator, or agent in 
     charge of the facility, or the government of the foreign 
     country, refuses to permit entry of United States inspectors, 
     upon request, to inspect such facility. For purposes of this 
     subsection, such an owner, operator, or agent in charge shall 
     be considered to have refused an inspection if such owner, 
     operator, or agent in charge refuses such a request to 
     inspect a facility more than 48 hours after such request is 
     submitted.''.

     SEC. 308. ACCREDITATION OF QUALIFIED THIRD-PARTY AUDITORS.

       Chapter VIII (21 U.S.C. 381 et seq.), as amended by section 
     307, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``SEC. 809. ACCREDITATION OF QUALIFIED THIRD-PARTY AUDITORS.

       ``(a) Accreditation of Certifying Agents.--
       ``(1) In general.--Beginning not later than 2 years after 
     the date of enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization 
     Act, the Secretary shall establish and implement an 
     accreditation system under which a foreign government, a 
     State or regional food authority, a foreign or domestic 
     cooperative that aggregates the products of growers or 
     processors, or any other third party that the Secretary 
     determines appropriate, may request to be accredited as a 
     certifying agent to certify that eligible entities meet the 
     applicable requirements of this Act.
       ``(2) Review by secretary.--When establishing the 
     accreditation system under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
     review third-party accreditation systems in existence on the 
     date of enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, 
     to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts and costs.
       ``(3) Request by foreign government.--Prior to accrediting 
     a foreign government as a certifying agent, the Secretary 
     shall perform such reviews and audits of food safety 
     programs, systems, and standards of the government as the 
     Secretary deems necessary to determine that they are adequate 
     to ensure that eligible entities certified by such government 
     meet the requirements of this Act with respect to food 
     manufactured, processed, packed, or held for import to the 
     United States.
       ``(4) Request by state or regional food authority.--Prior 
     to accrediting a State or regional food authority as a 
     certifying agent, the Secretary shall perform such reviews 
     and audits of the training and qualifications of auditors 
     used by the authority and conduct such reviews of internal 
     systems and such other investigation of the authority as the 
     Secretary deems necessary to determine that each eligible 
     entity certified by the authority has systems and standards 
     in use to ensure that such entity meets the requirements of 
     this Act.
       ``(5) Cooperatives and other third parties.--Prior to 
     accrediting a foreign or domestic cooperative that aggregates 
     the products of growers or processors or any other

[[Page S7945]]

     third party that the Secretary determines appropriate as a 
     certifying agent, the Secretary shall perform such reviews 
     and audits of the training and qualifications of auditors 
     used by the cooperative or party and conduct such reviews of 
     internal systems and such other investigation of the 
     cooperative or party as the Secretary deems necessary to 
     determine that each eligible entity certified by the 
     cooperative or party has systems and standards in use to 
     ensure that such entity meets the requirements of this Act.
       ``(6) Limitation on third parties.--The Secretary may not 
     accredit a third party that the Secretary determines 
     appropriate as a certifying agent unless each auditor used by 
     such party prepares the audit report for an audit under this 
     section in a form and manner designated by the Secretary. An 
     audit report shall include--
       ``(A) the identity of the persons at the audited eligible 
     entity responsible for compliance with food safety 
     requirements;
       ``(B) the dates of the audit;
       ``(C) the scope of the audit; and
       ``(D) any other information required by the Secretary that 
     relate to or may influence an assessment of compliance with 
     this Act.
       ``(b) Importation.--As a condition of accrediting a foreign 
     government, a State or regional food authority, a foreign or 
     domestic cooperative that aggregates the products of growers 
     or processors, or any other third party that the Secretary 
     determines appropriate as a certifying agent, such 
     government, authority, cooperative, or party shall agree to 
     issue a written and electronic certification to accompany 
     each food shipment made for import from an eligible entity 
     certified by the certifying agent, subject to requirements 
     set forth by the Secretary. The Secretary shall consider such 
     certificates when targeting inspection resources under 
     section 421.
       ``(c) Monitoring.--Following any accreditation of a 
     certifying agent, the Secretary may at any time--
       ``(1) conduct an on-site audit of any eligible entity 
     certified by the agent, with or without the certifying agent 
     present; or
       ``(2) require the agent to submit to the Secretary, for any 
     eligible entity certified by the agent, an onsite inspection 
     report and such other reports or documents the agent requires 
     as part of the audit process, including, for an eligible 
     entity located outside the United States, documentation that 
     the eligible is in compliance with any applicable 
     registration requirements.
       ``(d) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
       ``(1) Auditor.--The term `auditor' means an individual 
     who--
       ``(A) is qualified to conduct food safety audits; and
       ``(B) has successfully completed any training requirements 
     established by the Secretary for the conduct of food safety 
     audits.
       ``(2) Certifying agent.--The term `certifying agent' means 
     a foreign government, a State or regional food authority, a 
     foreign or domestic cooperative that aggregates the products 
     of growers or processors, or any other third party that 
     conducts audits of eligible entities and that is accredited 
     by the Secretary under this section.
       ``(3) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' means 
     any entity in the food supply chain that chooses to be 
     audited by a certifying agent.
       ``(e) Avoiding Conflicts of Interest With Certifying 
     Agents.--
       ``(1) In general.--A certifying agent shall--
       ``(A) not be owned, managed, or controlled by any person 
     that owns or operates an eligible entity to be certified by 
     such agent;
       ``(B) have procedures to ensure against the use, in 
     carrying out audits of eligible entities under this section, 
     of any officer or employee of such agent that has a financial 
     conflict of interest regarding an eligible entity to be 
     certified by such agent; and
       ``(C) annually make available to the Secretary, disclosures 
     of the extent to which such agent, and the officers and 
     employees of such agent, have maintained compliance with 
     subparagraphs (A) and (B) relating to financial conflicts of 
     interest.
       ``(2) Regulations.--The Secretary shall promulgate 
     regulations not later than 18 months after the date of 
     enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act to ensure 
     that there are protections against conflicts of interest 
     between a certifying agent and the eligible entity to be 
     certified by such agent. Such regulations shall include--
       ``(A) requiring that domestic audits performed under this 
     section be unannounced;
       ``(B) a structure, including timing and public disclosure, 
     for fees paid by eligible entities to certifying agents to 
     decrease the potential for conflicts of interest; and
       ``(C) appropriate limits on financial affiliations between 
     a certifying agent and any person that owns or operates an 
     eligible entity to be certified by such agent.
       ``(f) False Statements.--Any statement of representation 
     made by an employee or agent of an eligible entity to an 
     auditor of a certifying agent or a certifying agent shall be 
     subject to section 1001 of title 18, United States Code.
       ``(g) Risks to Public Health.--If, at any time during an 
     audit, an auditor of a certifying agent discovers a condition 
     that could cause or contribute to a serious risk to the 
     public health, the auditor shall immediately notify the 
     Secretary of--
       ``(1) the identification of the eligible entity subject to 
     the audit; and
       ``(2) such condition.
       ``(h) Withdrawal of Accreditation.--The Secretary may 
     withdraw accreditation from a certifying agent--
       ``(1) if food from eligible entities certified by such 
     agent is linked to an outbreak of human or animal illness;
       ``(2) following a performance audit and finding by the 
     Secretary that the agent no longer meets the requirements for 
     accreditation; or
       ``(3) following a refusal to allow United States officials 
     to conduct such audits and investigations as may be necessary 
     to ensure continued compliance with the requirements set 
     forth in this section.
       ``(i) Performance Audits and Renewal.--To ensure that 
     accreditation of a certifying agent continues to meet the 
     standards of this section and this Act and to allow for the 
     renewal of accreditation of such certifying agent, the 
     Secretary shall--
       ``(1) audit the performance of such certifying agent on a 
     periodic basis, not less than every 4 years, through the 
     review of audit reports by such certifying agent and the 
     compliance history, as available, of eligible entities 
     certified by such certifying agent; and
       ``(2) any other measures deemed necessary by the Secretary.
       ``(j) Publication of List of Certifying Agents.--The 
     Secretary shall publish and maintain on the Internet Web site 
     of the Food and Drug Administration a current list, 
     including, the name, location and other information deemed 
     necessary by the Secretary, of certifying agents under this 
     section.
       ``(k) Neutralizing Costs.--The Secretary shall establish a 
     method, similar to the method used by the Department of 
     Agriculture, by which certifying agents reimburse the Food 
     and Drug Administration for the work performed to accredit 
     such certifying agents. The Secretary shall make operating 
     this program revenue-neutral and shall not generate surplus 
     revenue from such a reimbursement mechanism.
       ``(l) No Effect on Section 704 Inspections.--The audits 
     performed under this section shall not be considered 
     inspections under section 704.
       ``(m) No Effect on Inspection Authority.--Nothing in this 
     section affects the authority of the Secretary to inspect any 
     eligible entity pursuant to this Act.''.

     SEC. 309. FOREIGN OFFICES OF THE FOOD AND DRUG 
                   ADMINISTRATION.

       (a) In General.--The Secretary shall by October 1, 2010, 
     establish an office of the Food and Drug Administration in 
     not less than 5 foreign countries selected by the Secretary, 
     to provide assistance to the appropriate governmental 
     entities of such countries with respect to measures to 
     provide for the safety of articles of food and other products 
     regulated by the Food and Drug Administration exported by 
     such country to the United States, including by directly 
     conducting risk-based inspections of such articles and 
     supporting such inspections by such governmental entity.
       (b) Consultation.--In establishing the foreign offices 
     described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall consult with 
     the Secretary of State and the United States Trade 
     Representative.
       (c) Report.--Not later than October 1, 2011, the Secretary 
     shall submit to Congress a report on the basis for the 
     selection by the Secretary of the foreign countries in which 
     the Secretary established offices under subsection (a), the 
     progress which such offices have made with respect to 
     assisting the governments of such countries in providing for 
     the safety of articles of food and other products regulated 
     by the Food and Drug Administration exported to the United 
     States, and the plans of the Secretary for establishing 
     additional foreign offices of the Food and Drug 
     Administration, as appropriate.

     SEC. 310. FUNDING FOR FOOD SAFETY.

       (a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
     carry out the activities of the Center for Food Safety and 
     Applied Nutrition, the Center for Veterinary Medicine, and 
     related field activities in the Office of Regulatory Affairs 
     of the Food and Drug Administration--
       (1) $775,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; and
       (2) such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2010 
     through 2013.
       (b) Increased Number of Field Staff.--To carry out the 
     activities of the Center for Food Safety and Applied 
     Nutrition, the Center for Veterinary Medicine, and related 
     field activities of the Office of Regulatory Affairs of the 
     Food and Drug Administration, the Secretary of Health and 
     Human Services shall increase the field staff of such Centers 
     and Office with a goal of not fewer than--
       (1) 3,600 staff members in fiscal year 2009;
       (2) 3,800 staff members in fiscal year 2010;
       (3) 4,000 staff members in fiscal year 2011;
       (4) 4,200 staff members in fiscal year 2012; and
       (5) 4,600 staff members in fiscal year 2013.

     SEC. 311. JURISDICTION; AUTHORITIES.

       Nothing in this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, 
     shall be construed to--
       (1) alter the jurisdiction between the Secretary of 
     Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, 
     under applicable statutes and regulations;
       (2) limit the authority of the Secretary of Health and 
     Human Services to issue regulations related to the safety of 
     food under--
       (A) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 
     et seq.) as in effect on the day before the date of enactment 
     of this Act; or

[[Page S7946]]

       (B) the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.) 
     as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this 
     Act; or
       (3) impede, minimize, or affect the authority of the 
     Secretary of Agriculture to prevent, control, or mitigate a 
     plant or animal health emergency, or a food emergency 
     involving products regulated under the Federal Meat 
     Inspection Act, the Poultry Products Inspection Act, or the 
     Egg Products Inspection Act.
                                 ______