[Congressional Record Volume 154, Number 104 (Monday, June 23, 2008)]
[House]
[Pages H5847-H5855]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                                 ENERGY

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the Speaker's announced policy of 
January 18, 2007, the gentleman from New York (Mr. Towns) is recognized 
for 60 minutes as the designee of the majority leader.
  Mr. TOWNS. I want to talk about the energy situation tonight. When I 
go back to my district, the number one subject today is that people are 
talking about the cost of fuel. Of course, the other one is affordable 
housing. But when you look at it, they are all connected.
  Of course, when you talk to the taxi drivers, they are saying we 
cannot make a living because of the fact that gasoline is so high. The 
bus drivers, the same thing. Hardworking people are finding it almost 
impossible to make it today because of the price of fuel.
  Of course, this is something that has happened all of a sudden. In 
2005, gasoline was $2.20 per gallon in December of 2005. Now, today the 
price of gasoline is $4.10 per gallon. That is June 19, 2008, according 
to the Energy Information Administration, the agency that collects 
official energy statistics for the United States Government. In other 
words, gas is just creating a tremendous problem in this Nation.
  Now I know people will say, Well, here's the solution. But let me 
just say to you there is no silver bullet here, that there is no single 
solution to this problem. But I think the worst thing in the world to 
do is to continue to ignore the problem.
  You have people saying, Well, ethanol is the solution. Then you have 
others will say that the fact that ethanol might not be the solution, 
but we need to make certain that we create cars that will go further. 
All these things are good, but when we are dealing with a problem like 
this, whenever you make a decision or make an adjustment, there's 
always something else that is going to happen.
  Hybrid cars. People are coming in now saying that, Look, we are 
having problems. The blind, in particular. We travel by sound. We can't 
hear. We are getting knocked down in the parking lots. Senior citizens 
are getting knocked down.
  So we need to look at all these things to be able to bring about 
safety, but at the same time we have to be able to make certain that 
the fuel prices come down so people don't have to make a decision as to 
whether they buy gas or whether they buy food. I mean that is where we 
are. People who have been volunteering, providing care for seniors, 
driving them to the shopping mall and driving them to various places, 
are now saying, I can't do it any more because of the price of 
gasoline. That, to me, is a shame and a disgrace in one of the 
wealthiest countries in the world, that we are not paying more 
attention to our seniors, and of course, as a result, things are 
getting worse.
  What I would like to do now is to yield some time to the gentlewoman 
from Texas, who has been very involved in these issues over the years. 
Of course, it's my pleasure to yield to her because she understands how 
important this issue is, the gentlewoman from Texas, Sheila Jackson-
Lee.
  Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I want to thank my distinguished friend, 
Congressman Ed Towns. I think it's important to note of his leadership 
on the Energy and Commerce Committee for any number of years. We have 
joined together on understanding this issue as it impacts our very 
broad communities.
  The distinguished Congressman, as I note, my good friend from 
Georgia, is on the floor as well. We all come from different districts. 
He comes from an urban-centered northeastern district that has mass 
transit very deeply, but as well it's interesting to note that the cost 
of gasoline impacts all of our constituents.
  I come from a broad, if you will, expensive district in the State of 
Texas that has not only a fledgling metro system, a metro system that 
we are just beginning to build, mass transit, but as well it is a 
community that uses its cars.

                              {time}  1945

  We carpool. We carpool to work. We live very far apart. It is a very 
large district. Therefore, the cost of gasoline is very, very costly. 
So we have to come together to address this question from the 
perspective of how will the consumer feel? We know there has been a 
question, a bracelet everybody used to wear asking the question how 
would a certain heavenly person feel about a question. We now ask, how 
does the consumer feel?
  So I rise today to say that I think it is important for this Congress 
to come together and to be able to push forward an energy agenda that 
really gets down to the real individuals that are burdened by this 
cause. So let me explain, Mr. Towns, what I believe is important.
  First, let me applaud the leadership for their new direction in 
energy. It is an important direction. It is a greening direction. It 
focuses on alternatives. It focuses on creating green jobs and getting 
a sense of understanding about the smallness of the resources that are

[[Page H5848]]

available now, the fossil fuel and other energy resources that need to 
be utilized, and therefore it is important to, if you will, impress 
upon Americans the value of conservation. But, at the same time, I 
think there are a lot of other issues that we can discuss.
  I believe we should accept the premise that there are a number of 
energy resources that this Congress needs to address. For example, I 
come from Texas, and obviously we utilize fossil fuel. I think it is 
important to recognize that fossil fuel is present, but I think we need 
to emphasize looking at independent producers. They were very prominent 
in years past. These are smaller companies.
  I do believe we need to look at where we are exploring off the Gulf, 
where those States of Louisiana and Texas have willingly accepted the 
exploration of the Gulf in a safe and environmental way.
  Two or three years ago, Congressman Nick Lampson and myself passed 
legislation to encourage the Federal Government to do an inventory of 
what was available in terms of fossil fuel resources in the Gulf. I 
think it is important. We know that there are challenges to exploring 
the Outer Continental Shelf. There are challenges to exploring ANWR. 
There are challenges in exploring the coast off the East Coast and the 
California coast and the Florida coast. I believe those issues are 
issues that we have to work with the local jurisdictions and the 
governors and consumers for that to be a comfortable process.
  But let us not get stuck on that. There are resources in the Gulf. We 
have found that there is oil shale, I believe, that has been discovered 
in West Virginia. There are other domestic resources that have been 
discovered in Mississippi. We need to be able to utilize and to be able 
to encourage the safe development of existing resources.
  We know that our own multinational energy companies are holding 
leases they have not utilized. I believe it is important to call these 
individuals into Washington. The President needs to call these 
individuals into Washington, the heads of these major companies, and 
let us discuss why these oil leases are not being utilized, because 
there lies a possibility of additional resources.
  Mr. Towns, you know that we have been discussing over the years the 
increasing of minority energy entrepreneurs. They come in all shapes 
and sizes. But I happen to know an energy company in the State of 
Texas, Osyka, that is held solely by African Americans with domestic 
deposits. They have resources. But what do they need? They need 
investment. They are not overseas. They are right here in the United 
States, but they need investment.
  So I think there are a lot of small, independent producers that the 
legislative scheme here in the United States does not foster their 
development, does not provide them access to capital, does not allow 
them to build on the resources that they have. You can be assured that 
the more resources we put out allows us to have the ability to bring 
down the cost of gasoline.
  Let me add an additional point that I think should be considered. 
When you talk to the multinationals about the cost of gasoline, they 
will refer you to the antiquated refineries, that they need to build 
more refineries. That too requires a coming together at the table. I 
believe we need to have a discussion so they can explain what does it 
mean by having an antiquated refinery?
  There is a new refinery being built in East Texas and in Louisiana. 
That refinery took a long time to build. But maybe we need to update 
the refineries. I know that is a questionable proposal and policy to 
make them more environmentally efficient and safe. That is a key 
element to dealing with this.
  Before I yield back and wait a moment as you yield to the 
distinguished gentleman from Georgia, I want to cite some numbers that 
say that the Energy Information Administration estimates that the 
United States imports nearly 60 percent of the oil it consumes. The 
world's greatest petroleum reserves reside in regions of high 
geopolitical risk, including 57 percent which are in the Persian Gulf.
  Replacing oil imports with domestic alternatives such as traditional 
and cellulosic ethanol cannot only help reduce the $180 billion that 
oil contributes to it our annual trade deficit, it can end our 
addiction to foreign oil. These alternatives should be matched with 
domestic production. That may help a lot of these small interested 
producers.
  Also the individual oil companies, the large ones who have leases 
here in the United States, we need to have an inventory and get a 
determination, as I said, as to why these leases are not being 
developed. According to the Department of Agriculture, biomass can 
replace 30 percent of our Nation's petroleum consumption.
  So there are ways we can confront this issue. One other way, of 
course, is to develop more professionals, which we have discussed, and 
I want to discuss that later.
  Let me conclude by saying we have a real crisis in addition to the 
cost of gasoline. That crisis includes jet fuel. We are seeing the 
merger of airlines and also a crisis in the airline industry because of 
the cost of jet fuel. That too impacts on our consumers.
  So I frankly believe as we discuss this, Mr. Towns, we should talk 
about what speculators have done to the energy industry. We should talk 
about minority entrepreneurs who are able to participate in this 
industry. We should talk about independent producers. We should talk 
about greening America. We should talk about conservation. And really 
we should get to the bottom line of how we help our consumers. I think 
if we bring all these elements together, we will be able to do so.
  I will yield back to the gentleman and will join you at a later time.
  Mr. TOWNS. Let me thank the gentlewoman from Texas for her remarks, 
because, let's face it, she is right. We need to end our addiction to 
foreign oil. We have to do that. I mean, there are no ifs, ands and 
buts about it. That is something we must address.
  Of course, the gentleman from Georgia has been out at the forefront 
talking about this issue, and, of course, we are delighted he has 
joined us in this discussion tonight. We are happy to have Hank Johnson 
from the great State of Georgia, who is a leader on this issue as well. 
Thank you for joining us. I yield to you.

  Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia. I thank my colleague from New York, the 
esteemed Congressman Ed Towns. I appreciate very much you speaking on 
this very important issue. It is an issue that has been creeping like a 
thief in the night into the pocketbooks and into the pockets of 
Americans, everyday working Americans.
  We have seen the price of gas escalating quietly but steadily ever 
since 2001, I say to Congresswoman Sheila Jackson-Lee from Houston, 
Texas, whom I am proud to serve with. And I see my other colleague, 
Barbara Lee from California. So we have got all parts of the Nation 
covered here.
  But ever since 2001, when the price of gas was at $1.50, it has 
steadily gone up. And that is kind of ironic, given the fact that we 
elected an oilman to be our President and an oilman to be our Vice 
President. You would have thought that America would be taken care of 
by our President and our Vice President. But what we have seen since 
that administration came to power is prices going through the roof. 
And, like a thief in the night, people have now awakened to see that 
they have been gouged and stolen from by the oil industry, and it has 
all been while we were enjoying a deregulated and unregulated market 
and we were allowing the speculators, instead of the producers, to get 
a stranglehold on the American economy. So these speculators are 
driving up the price of gas, driving up the price of oil. It has become 
the number one issue in this country.
  Mr. Speaker, while it is easy to peddle quick fixes, the hard truth 
is that there is no quick fix. It is kind of like the war in Iraq. We 
got in a little easier than it is going to take us to get out. By the 
way, ironically, some people believe that it was for the 35 billion 
barrels of oil beneath al-Anbar Province in Iraq that we went to war 
for. Some people believe that.
  So oil has driven much of the policies of this administration. And 
quick fixes will not do at this point. We are rapidly reaching the 
point of peak oil, peak oil being the moment, Mr. Speaker, after which 
global oil supplies will

[[Page H5849]]

forever decrease. That moment is approaching. Meanwhile, global demand 
for oil is ever increasing. So we are reaching a point where we have 
dwindling supply and skyrocketing demand, and that means one thing, 
among others, but the biggest thing is that gas prices, high gas 
prices, are here to stay.
  Now, the President came up with an energy plan, it was done in 
secrecy back in 2001, if you will remember. It seems to me that it was 
Vice President Cheney who convened a group of people, whom we still 
have not found out who those people were, in a task force to formulate 
this country's energy policy. Someone went to court to have the names 
and identities of those task force members revealed, and I don't think 
that lawsuit was successful. But I can only speculate on who was in 
that room setting the oil policy.
  That policy went into effect back in August of 2005. When President 
Bush signed energy legislation into law, gas at the pump was selling 
for about $2.85 a gallon. Then, just 1 year later, in 2006, July 26, 
Energy Secretary Bodman celebrated the 1-year anniversary of energy 
legislation, kind of like ``mission accomplished.'' And that didn't pan 
out either. At that point, 1 year after the anniversary of the signing 
of the Bush administration energy policy, 1 year later gas had gone up 
to $3 a gallon. And, of course, back in May it went up, it continued to 
go up, to $3.81 in May. But now we are in June heading towards July, 
and folks are speculating that we will hit $5 a gallon by the end of 
the summer, and Americans are hurting.
  So it comes as no surprise that the big oil President and the big oil 
Vice President propose more drilling, instead of suggesting real, 
lasting solutions to our energy problem.
  The most effective way to address this problem is to start 
conserving. There is so much we can do to conserve energy. It means so 
much for our environment. We need to clean this environment up.
  I returned from a trip just 1 month ago to the North Pole, Mr. 
Speaker. The folks up there are talking about what is going to happen 
as the ice melts and it will open up the shipping lanes, so there will 
be more traffic, more opportunity to traverse that area, and more 
opportunity to get at that oil that is up in the North Pole. And I 
suppose we will run all of the polar bears out trying to get to that 
oil, trying to sip every last drop of oil that this Earth has to offer, 
while at the same time creating environmental havoc.

                              {time}  2000

  So I would be happy to continue to have dialogue on this issue, but I 
know that there are other colleagues here who want to address this 
issue, so I would yield back at this point.
  Mr. TOWNS. Thank you, the gentleman from Georgia, for his remarks. Of 
course, he's right on the issue. There are no ifs, ands, or buts about 
it.
  We look at the fact that there has been a 5-year trend of record oil 
profits under this administration. In 2007, the big five oil companies 
raked in a profit of $127 billion. That's ``B'' as in ``boy.'' It is 
simply unacceptable that consumers are bearing these costs while 
corporations continue to profit.
  Now, the gentlewoman from California, to whom I'm getting ready to 
yield, has been at the forefront. She has been saying this now for a 
number of years. Of course, I would say to you that I wish that the 
country had listened to her because I'm certain, if they had listened 
to her, we would not have the mess that we have now.
  It's my honor to yield 5 minutes to the gentlewoman from California, 
Barbara Lee.
  Ms. LEE. Thank you very much, Mr. Towns.
  First, let me thank you for yielding, but let me thank you also for 
your leadership on this issue and for so many other issues. Your voice 
is extremely important; your work has been important, and it continues 
to be quite amazing.
  In your coming from New York and in my coming from California, we 
have very similar issues that we have to deal with in terms of this 
horrific energy crisis, and so thank you for giving us the opportunity 
to talk about it one more time.
  Also, just as I was listening to my colleague Mr. Johnson from 
Georgia, thank you for that very brilliant presentation and for that 
historical context. You know, sometimes we forget the past. In the 
Ghanaian language, in the Akan language, there's a term called 
``sankofa.'' In order to move forward, we must look back at our 
mistakes, and I think what you talked about tonight really makes it 
very clear that we have to understand how we got to where we are so 
that we don't make those mistakes again, such as you talked about, 
which was the drilling in the pristine area in Alaska--in ANWR--and all 
of the proposals that this administration wants to embark upon.
  So thank you very much for that.
  To my colleague from Texas, Ms. Jackson-Lee, you have been on this 
for many, many years. You come from oil country, and you understand 
very clearly the oil industry and what we need to do to dig ourselves 
out of this hole, and so your voice continues to be important in coming 
from Texas, in understanding that the American people deserve not to 
have to pay $5 a gallon for gas. The courage that you've displayed has 
been amazing. Thank you for your voice and for your leadership.
  As we work to reduce skyrocketing prices at the pump, we continue to 
face opposition from the Bush administration, and our colleagues on the 
other side of the aisle seem to be content to subsidize the big oil 
companies' record profits that Mr. Towns talked about and that you 
talked about, Mr. Johnson and Ms. Jackson-Lee. They reach record 
profits quarter after quarter rather than adopt a real solution to meet 
the energy needs across our Nation.
  More specifically, we have proposed legislation that would invest in 
true, clean and renewable energy sources. Our proposals would also 
bring much needed accountability, which we need desperately, to the 
energy markets in order to eliminate the price gouging--do you hear 
me?--that's taking place and the market manipulation and the 
speculation that have inflated energy prices to record levels. This 
week, we will also take up legislation to expand the use of public 
transit systems to save energy and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
  In light of this growing energy crisis, I cannot help but to reflect 
upon the Bush administration's determination to squander our resources 
on the immoral occupation of Iraq that has directly contributed to the 
current economic downturn of the high gas prices that the American 
people are seeing at the pump. Make no mistake. We are in the middle of 
the Bush-Iraq recession. The economic hardships that Americans face 
today are the direct result of this administration's failed and flawed 
policies at home and abroad.
  When President Bush took office in January of 2001, the price of oil 
was $23 a barrel, and gasoline cost as little as, I think it was, $1.35 
per gallon. Now, after more than 5 years of bombing and bloodshed in 
Iraq, since the Iraq invasion, oil has topped $130 a barrel, and 
gasoline is averaging more than $4 a gallon. As Congressman Johnson 
said, it probably will hit the unfortunate cost of $5 per gallon. By 
some estimates, the war and continued occupation of Iraq could cost the 
United States more than $3 trillion. That's a $3 trillion bill for this 
administration's failed policies in Iraq that our children and 
grandchildren will be paying for years to come.
  The American people recognize the toll this immoral occupation has 
taken on our economy. They're in dire need of assistance. Many face the 
impossible choice of buying food for their families or of purchasing 
the gasoline they need to go to work. If we want to see prices at the 
gas pump go down, one of the first and most essential steps we must 
take is to end the war and occupation in Iraq.
  We must also focus on transitioning our economy away from fossil 
fuels to the greener alternative fuels of the future. This will be a 
long-term process that will affect communities throughout our nations 
in different ways. It's very important to note that, as we continue to 
forge these new frontiers to achieve energy independence and to 
safeguard the environment, communities will face many complex 
environmental and public health challenges. The drastic acceleration of 
greenhouse gas emissions has often been concentrated in low-income and 
minority

[[Page H5850]]

communities, putting these vulnerable populations on the front lines of 
the fight against environmental degradation and global climate change.
  The communities in my district, like in Mr. Johnson's district and in 
Mr. Towns' district and in Ms. Jackson-Lee's district, all face the 
severe consequences of pollution, of urban sprawl and of environmental 
injustice, which harshly affect people of color and low-income 
communities. Sadly, this epidemic is hitting our children the hardest.
  For example, back at home in my own district, when children grow up 
in the area of West Oakland, they're seven times more likely to be 
hospitalized for asthma than is the average child in California. None 
of us can afford to take this lightly. The health of our community and 
neighbors affects all of us.
  I would also like to just take a moment and recognize the role that 
California's East Bay is playing at the forefront of the green jobs and 
green industry movement, which is really a critical part in terms of 
addressing the energy crisis. One of the most exciting and inclusive 
solutions to the many issues facing environmental health and our energy 
crisis is the possibility afforded to us by promoting green jobs' 
training and the growth of the green economy in America.
  A true green economy, one that is sincere in its mission and that is 
deeply rooted in local communities and businesses, can provide 
innovative answers to many of the problems that our environment faces. 
Green jobs provide pathways out of poverty for those most affected by 
environmental injustice, namely, people of color and our urban youth.
  We have been working closely in my district with the Ella Baker 
Center and with the Apollo Alliance. Mayor Ron Dellums--my predecessor 
here and our colleague--has been working very hard on a new initiative 
to support the development of green model cities and to focus on 
economic development through green job training academies and to create 
a national green institute to serve as a clearinghouse for the green 
movement. So there are many, many initiatives to which we need to look 
forward in terms of providing for an alternative to our dependence on 
foreign oil.
  Let me just conclude by saying and by reminding the country that, 
most recently, the Bush administration has threatened to veto the 
House-passed H.R. 5351, which is the Renewable Energy and Energy 
Conservation Tax Act of 2008. This legislation makes critical 
investments in clean and renewable energy and energy efficiency that 
will create hundreds of thousands of new jobs and that will help to 
maintain the United States' position as a leader in innovation as we 
move toward true energy independence.
  So I have to thank my colleagues again, especially the Congressional 
Black Caucus and Congressman Towns, for allowing us to come down for an 
hour to talk about the basic components and reasons for this energy 
crisis and also for allowing us to provide what we see as some real and 
practical solutions that we can embrace right now--not next year, but 
today--if, in fact, the Bush administration and his oil industry 
administration would accept the fact that they're responsible for this 
energy crisis. The American people deserve a way out.
  Thank you.
  Mr. TOWNS. Let me thank the gentlewoman from California for her 
remarks and to say that you're right. Our priorities are definitely 
upside down. There's no question about that.
  Mr. Speaker, how much time do we have left?
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Thirty minutes.
  Mr. TOWNS. Thank you very much.
  At this time, I'd like to yield 5 minutes to the gentlewoman from 
Texas, Congresswoman Jackson-Lee.
  Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I thank you very much. I'm glad to have an 
opportunity to engage again and to thank Congressman Towns.
  As I have listened to both Congressman Johnson and Congresswoman Lee, 
I hope that what is gleaned to our colleagues as they listen to us is 
that there is a consensus, a meeting of the minds, that we've got to do 
something different. I applaud Congresswoman Lee's collaboration with 
her mayor, Mayor Dellums.
  As I was standing here, I was reflecting on the work that our city is 
doing. We have Mayor Bill White, but I'm quite familiar with the Apollo 
Alliance, and I was just thinking that it's time now for another 
meeting to be able to join in that kind of expansive effort.
  So, if the Apollo Alliance is listening, let me congratulate them, 
and let me tell them to come on down to Texas. We've had some meetings 
early on, but it's the whole concept of educating individuals to change 
their lives.
  You said something else, Congresswoman, about energy. You used the 
word ``energy'' and the words ``energy industry.'' That's coming from 
what we perceive to be the oil capital of the world--Houston, Texas. I 
want you to know a lot of hardworking people are working in the energy 
industry, and they, too, see a new world of alternative fuels and also 
an opportunity to match, if you will, efficiently explored fossil 
fuels, because it does exist. There is something called ``clean coal.'' 
As I indicated to you, there is something in the gulf, outside of your 
birthplace in Texas and Louisiana, where they have been quietly 
exploring oil and gas for a number of years, and it has been efficient. 
Even during Hurricane Katrina we noted that those rigs still stayed 
safe in the gulf. So we can find ways to combine these efforts.
  As I listened to Congressman Johnson and he took us chronologically 
to 2001, I want to remind him that post 2001, in 2002, there was 
created the havoc and the travesty and obviously, as he indicated, the 
crisis of the Iraq war. Whether or not the Iraq war was for oil, as has 
been debated, it destabilized the region. When you destabilize the 
region where all of the oil is coming from, you obviously dumb down the 
resources coming from that area.
  But I wanted to bring to the attention of my colleagues that we know 
that Saudi Arabia, in this meeting that they've held in the last 48 
hours, has suggested that they will increase oil production by 200,000 
barrels a day to 9.7 million barrels a day, starting on July 1, in 
response to the current energy crisis.
  The concern there, of course, is that China is increasing its needs, 
and even though we're sort of plateauing out, I do believe that this is 
an issue that might not be resolved by the increase in the per barrel 
per day, meaning the 200,000 barrels per day.
  We need a summit. We need a summit here in the United States. We need 
to get all of the parties together, discussing these components--the 
high gasoline price, the lack of utilization of the independent 
producers, not giving capital an access to African Americans and to 
other minorities who, in fact, might be good stewards of the energy 
resources, such as those who are finding oil in the Deep South, such as 
those who are engaged in green and in alternative fuels such as wind.
  I offered a bill on cellulosic ethanol, which, I think, is really one 
of the next steps. Of course, this was embodied in the Democratic 
conservation bill that included cellulosic ethanol. I know there has 
been debate over corn ethanol, but here is an approach: Through 
cellulosic ethanol, costly though it may be, it has a long-term impact.
  I also believe it's important to support the legislation that has 
been offered by two of our colleagues--one to be, I believe, John 
Larson, who is moving forward on legislation that has to do with the 
speculator. We have heard, even today, oil analysts who have said that 
the speculators are adding an artificial price. In fact, the Enron 
loophole that was offered by Senator Graham has given a whole array, a 
whole new industry on speculation, and more and more energy companies 
are pulling back from that. They're dealing with their own product and 
with their own need, and I want to applaud them for that.
  I want to cite Representative Van Hollen's Energy Markets Anti-
Manipulation and Integrity Restoration Act. I happen to be a cosponsor 
of that legislation. I think it's important. I voted to stop the 
filling on the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which will help American 
families by temporarily diverting the 70,000 barrels of oil that goes 
to the SPR a day and putting them out on the market.
  What I think is important, again, Congressman Towns, is that we're 
not

[[Page H5851]]

having face-to-face discussions. I asked the question of one of the 
members of OPEC: What would be the possibility of Members of Congress 
being observers at the OPEC meeting?
  The OPEC meeting has large numbers of African countries. It has large 
numbers of countries from South America. Then, of course, it has those 
from the Middle East. I, frankly, believe it's somewhat similar to 
treaty discussions, that it's somewhat similar to the discussion on 
race in South Africa when they were on track, that it's somewhat 
similar to the United Nations. It would be Members of Congress' 
representing the most powerful law-making body in the world, as 
described by others, their being able to go to the OPEC meetings as 
observers and understanding the process of how this oil and gas moves.

                              {time}  2015

  This does not diminish the call for conservation. But I do think it 
will open our eyes.
  Ms. LEE. Let me just say how important that is because we are the 
people's House. Americans don't understand why they are paying $4.50 
per gallon. They expect us to be able to tell them. I think by 
observing OPEC, being there, interacting and understanding, listening 
to the dialogue, will give us a much better handle on what the crisis 
is from OPEC's perspective and what proposed solutions are coming out 
of OPEC.
  I hope we can move forward on that because I think that is a very 
creative idea. We have to do things out of the box and do things that 
are creative because so many people are suffering. Thank you for that, 
and hopefully we can work together to support that.
  Mr. TOWNS. Let me say one other thing. I think the energy summit is 
just a terrific idea because you have so many people who feel there is 
a single solution to the problem. There is no single solution to the 
problem. It is going to require less dependence on foreign oil. We must 
recognize that. We must promote market-based programs that recognize 
and reward clean energy technology. We need to do that. And we must 
launch a cleaner, smarter energy future for America that lowers costs 
for consumers.
  We must look at ethanol and consider wind and look at all of these 
different things in order to make certain that the problem is solved.
  I yield to the gentlelady from Houston, Texas.
  Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. If I may quickly conclude so my 
distinguished friend from Georgia, who has made some valid points about 
the Iraq war that we are still suffering, I was reading something, 
Congressman Johnson, about the condition of the Iraq oil wells and the 
difficulty of bringing them online and the need for U.S. investment or 
other investment.
  It is interesting, a lot of people think we are making a lot of money 
in Iraq; we are spending a lot of money in Iraq, I will tell you that.
  Let me say this. I will thank all three of my colleagues. I will 
continue to work and pursue an answer. The Representative indicated he 
was very interested, and would go back and ask. The meeting is in 
September and I will pursue that. I don't have the exact location, but 
I believe it is in Europe. If so, it would be easy for us to go.
  I think the other part would be to give the energy leadership of 
these multinationals, and obviously they are in my congressional 
district, but a forum to be able to have a conversation outside of a 
hearing setting. We need to ask the hard questions. We need to ask how 
much of the cost of gasoline is the refinery cost? How much of the cost 
of jet fuel is refinery cost? What is attributable to having old 
refineries, and what can you do to make the energy name of your 
industry more diverse, to have more green and more alternatives such as 
wind and biomass.
  I am told that wind is very expensive, but you can't get that answer 
if we are not sitting down at the table.
  I thank the gentleman for the idea of a summit. We may work on that. 
Let me conclude by saying we have been working in this Congress. I 
don't want anyone to think that we have not been sensitive. You listed 
a whole road map that you, Mr. Towns, as a senior member of the Energy 
and Commerce Committee have been very much involved in. For example, 
the Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax Act of 2008, a 
combination of the Ways and Means Committee and the Energy Committee, 
which I think is very important because it encourages the development 
of innovative technologies, creating new jobs, reducing carbon 
emissions, protecting consumers, shifting production to cleaner 
renewable energy, and modernizing our energy infrastructure.
  The note I want to end on is we have to get more young people 
involved.
  Mr. TOWNS. And it also has gas price gouging and market manipulation 
included in that legislation.
  Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. And that is very important.
  What I want to end on is we must get more of our young people 
involved in the energy industry. We worked on this, Congressman Towns. 
We had a bill about geologists. I have listened to Congresswoman Lee as 
the chairwoman of the Energy Brain Trust, and we are going to try and 
focus on that and push our communities, Hispanics and African Americans 
and other minorities and women, to get into this industry and provide 
their sensitivity and provide their perspective so that they can talk 
eloquently about what gasoline prices really mean when they are this 
high. And then to add to the broader community of America who is crying 
out for relief, I believe we can turn the corner, or we should, and to 
bring to all of America an opportunity to have reasonable energy 
resources, heat in the winter and air conditioning in the summer, and 
reasonable gasoline prices; because, frankly, I don't think that we can 
last much longer if we don't bring relief.
  I thank you for bringing this very important special order to the 
floor tonight.
  Ms. LEE. I just want to emphasize one point raised by Congresswoman 
Jackson-Lee with regard to getting our young people involved. This is a 
huge new industry. We have proposed the green job training academy to 
begin to look at the green industry.
  It is my understanding that now venture capitalists are looking at 
this as investment opportunities that will create trillions of dollars 
in terms of job creation and in terms of an industry. And these are 
jobs that do not require necessarily a 4-year college degree or a Ph.D. 
These are jobs, once trained, young people will qualify for and will be 
able to make a living wage with benefits, good-paying jobs. So we have 
to provide our young people with these alternatives because they are 
going to school now and they are getting out of school, and there are 
no jobs. They have not been trained for the jobs of the future. This 
has to be an initiative that we pursue.
  Mr. TOWNS. I yield to the gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Johnson).
  Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia. Thank you, Congressman Towns.
  Just listening to the comments of my colleagues, I am intrigued with 
so many things. My colleague from Texas (Ms. Jackson-Lee) is pretty 
much saying we have to have dialogue with our partners around the 
world, be they friends or foe. Because the bottom line, people talk 
about the global economy. It is true, we have a global economy. It 
doesn't always work as fairly as it should, but the bottom line is that 
we have a global economy. And some folks are making out like bandits, 
and others are sinking. And so it is time that we have equity in this 
world.
  I know Congresswoman Lee, you have been a woman who has throughout 
your career insisted on taking care of the have-nots while the haves 
can continue to be prosperous as well. And so dialogue with our oil-
producing nations is so important.
  Because by the way, Congresswoman Sheila Jackson-Lee, drilling is one 
of the tools that we need in our tool basket to address this issue. We 
must take advantage of the leases that have already been granted by 
this government to the oil companies, that they have been sitting on 
for years waiting for the price to go up so they can start drilling.
  And Congresswoman Barbara Lee, you talked about the children, and the 
children are so important. I am looking at an article in today's 
Washington Post. It says ``Fuel Costs May Force Some Kids to Walk.'' It 
means that our local boards of education have to pay for the price of 
diesel fuel which is going through the roof. And to get our

[[Page H5852]]

children to school costs a whole lot more money than it did last year. 
And so that means less money for teachers and less money for school 
infrastructure, the buildings, less money for books.
  This oil crisis is wreaking havoc on us, and our children are looking 
to us to make the right decision. They are counting on us to make the 
tough choices for the future. They are counting on this Congress to 
understand that the most effective way to adapt to this changing 
reality or this new reality, which is dwindling supply with increased 
skyrocketing demand, we must as a tool in our toolbox insist upon 
conservation while we also extend tax incentives to companies to 
develop solar energy. I mean, we have a vast desert where I think it 
was 107 degrees out there, or more, sun brightly shining down. Do you 
mean to tell me that we can't put some solar panels out there and start 
capturing that sunlight and changing it to electricity, to help take 
some of the demand away from fossil fuels. It is much cleaner, but I 
think the oil companies would have a hard time trying to get their 
fingers and their hands around the sun. So we haven't seen a lot of 
solar energy.
  We are getting more wind coming through because of the global-warming 
phenomenon, the disruption of our climate. We are getting the wind, but 
we are not using that wind to help us with our energy needs. We need to 
do that.
  Biofuels. And all of these new things are on the table, but instead 
what we get is a new plan announced by the President which is more 
drilling, and drilling in our sensitive areas in our environment.
  Ms. LEE. If the gentleman would yield, what you are talking about, 
which is so important, is a comprehensive energy independence plan. We 
need a national plan for energy independence that provides for this 
toolbox, as you describe it, that allows for all of the alternatives.
  I read in the newspaper that rural communities, because people have 
to drive so far to jobs, people are having to make decisions whether or 
not they can afford to go to work because the cost of gasoline is 
higher than the cost of their wages. Rural communities throughout our 
country are being devastated by the price of gasoline. This is an 
emergency.
  Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia. The price of food is going up. So we have 
food going up. We have energy costs going up. And the American people 
feel squeezed. They are counting on us to do something to address this 
issue.
  Congressman Towns, I just appreciate so much your emphasis on this 
dilemma that we face. We are, I think, proving that all Americans are 
concerned about the future of this country insofar as energy is 
concerned.
  Mr. TOWNS. It affects a lot of things. First of all, when you look at 
young people and you talk about the gas prices and what it costs for 
them to go to work, it prevents them from purchasing a home. They can't 
afford to buy a home and pay all of these high prices for gas. And of 
course the fact that some buses are not running, which as you indicated 
means children are going to have to walk to school because of the fact 
that these buses are saying we are not making a profit because of the 
gas prices.
  So when you look at the facts, they do not have affordable housing, 
and the fact that they can't afford to buy a home because of the gas 
prices, and of course we need to look at tax incentives and things that 
will bring about this discussion that we need to have because this is a 
serious problem. And to ignore it, it is not going to go away. It is 
going to get bigger and it is going to get worse.
  We have to come together with a policy that is going to protect not 
only the seniors, the young, and the middle-aged, to protect America. 
This is something that we must do. We can no longer allow and have the 
rich continue to get richer and at the same time having people in a 
position to have to make a decision whether they are going to buy 
gasoline or whether they are going to buy food. That is wrong, and we 
should not stand for it.
  I yield to the gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. Jackson-Lee).
  Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. You have given an eloquent summary of the 
crisis that I think most Americans are facing.

                              {time}  2030

  Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. I would like us to move past these hot 
months that we have right now and begin to look forward into 
particularly the colder areas of America and begin to think about what 
is going to happen with heating fuel and this new coming winter season. 
We sort of got the tail end of the high price of gasoline sort of as we 
were leaving the winter months or as we were getting into the summer 
months, and we saw a crisis of people going on a vacation and taking 
their kids places during the summer facing this very high cost for 
gasoline per gallon.
  But I met with some of my power companies who provide energy, and, of 
course, I am in a warmer climate than many of my colleagues. But I am 
concerned about what we will confront with natural gas and other fossil 
fuels that may be utilized for heating people's homes. What a crisis 
for elderly and others and families who can't afford their heating 
fuels.
  So I believe that today on the floor of the House we have offered a 
suggestion. A summit doesn't mean 3,000 people. It means getting all of 
the parties together that can sit at the table. Get this energy 
industry at the table. Let them lay out what is a concept of your 
company, because energy for me means that you are diversified under the 
concept of energy, green energy, alternative biomass, begin to look at 
how we can lay down this roadmap.
  And then I think, of course, we need to emphasize the environmentally 
safe exploration of drilling, as my colleague indicated, and the reason 
why I say that is because it's still going on in the gulf, not as they 
say--I know it's difficult in other areas. But in the gulf, it's still 
going on, and it should be environmentally safe.
  Then I think as members of the Congressional Black Caucus we need 
some meetings with the heads of the nations in the Continent in Africa, 
Angola, Guinea Bassu, Nigeria. Ghana is finding oil. And it would be 
very helpful to sit down and have a discussion as to how their product 
can be marketed where there is--I know the bottom line has to do with 
dollars--but where there is a sense of morality, a sense of rightness 
on how that works. And again, it ties into my inquiry and outreach that 
I am going to make to OPEC because I think a lot of heads are better 
than none. And you listed all of the good works of the Renewable Energy 
and Energy Conservation Tax Act of 2008, and I think it's important to 
note this is what the Democrats did.
  But I want to invite people to come together during the Congressional 
Black Caucus, Mr. Towns, and we can join together under the energy 
brain trust. I must pay tribute to my predecessor, and you certainly 
knew him, Congressman Mickey Leland, who organized the brain trust, on 
the basis of getting a sense of morality in this industry. In fact, he 
was coming into it with another energy crisis that was certainly in 
that time.
  So I believe that with all of the hidden resources that we still 
have, we will open resources that we can address. And the only reason 
why we're not coming together is I don't think that we're putting our 
heads together to be able to develop the kind of balanced policy that 
brings these people together.
  I do want to make mention of the fact that I am looking forward to a 
roundtable discussion with leadership in my district. However, that is 
the beginning stages of what I think can be a larger question for this 
Congress to address, for leadership, for members of the Congressional 
Black Caucus, for our caucus members to address, because our 
constituents and poor constituents and elderly constituents and ailing 
constituents are impacted by the high cost of gasoline and heating oil.
  And I thank the distinguished gentleman for giving us an opportunity 
to raise these crucial issues that I believe have to be raised.
  Mr. TOWNS. Madam Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gentlewoman from 
California (Ms. Lee).
  Ms. LEE. Thank you for yielding, Mr. Towns. I thank you again for 
your leadership for bringing us together, but it's going to be through 
your leadership and others here on the floor tonight, our great 
Speaker, and bringing together Members of this body to make sure that 
we can have a bipartisan national energy plan.

[[Page H5853]]

  I said earlier, and I hope we will always remember, that the jobs 
that are going to be created by the development of new, innovative 
energy independent industries, such as the green industry, will be 
millions of jobs for our young people. And we have to also remember, as 
I talked earlier, about the long-term public health consequences and 
the environmental concerns as we move toward energy independence and 
clean energy, green energy, wind, solar, all of the alternatives that 
will provide for a much better quality of health for all Americans, as 
well as for a cleaner environment.
  So we do have a chance for a win-win-win. We can create millions of 
new jobs, we can create a trillion-dollar industry, we can create a 
cleaner environment, we can create livable communities throughout our 
country if we would just understand the moment we're in and be honest 
with the American people and be serious and do some of the things we 
talked about.
  But also I think it's important, as I close, to also remember that 
the occupation of Iraq, the bombing and invasion of the country of Iraq 
that was a country that was not an imminent threat to the United States 
of America where there were no weapons of mass destruction, the havoc 
that we have wreaked on the country of Iraq and Iraqi civilians and our 
brave troops, this is a big part of why, when the war started, we were 
paying about $1.35 per gallon, $35 per barrel; now we are paying $4.50, 
soon to be $5 a gallon, close to $140 per barrel.
  So we can not forget the economic impacts of this occupation of Iraq 
and remember that we have to include a demand that we end it and we 
bring our young men and women home.
  Mr. Speaker, I would first like to thank Representative Towns for 
holding this special order tonight on an issue that is on the minds of 
so many of my constituents.
  As the Democratic Majority works to reduce skyrocketing prices at the 
pump, we continue to face opposition from the Bush administration and 
my colleagues on the other side of the aisle who appear content to 
subsidize the Big Oil Company's record profits quarter after quarter 
rather than adopt real solutions to meet the energy needs of people 
across the Nation.
  More specifically, we have proposed legislation that would invest in 
truly clean and renewable energy sources.
  Our proposals would also bring much-needed accountability to the 
energy, markets in order to eliminate the price gouging and market 
manipulation and speculation that have inflated energy prices to record 
levels.
  This week, we will also take up legislation to expand the use of 
public transit systems to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas 
emissions.
  But, Mr. Speaker, in light of this growing energy crisis, I cannot 
help but also reflect upon the Bush administration's determination to 
squander our resources on the immoral occupation of Iraq that has 
directly contributed to the current economic downturn and the high gas 
prices the American people are seeing at the pump.
  Mr. Speaker, make no mistake, we are in the middle of the Bush Iraq 
recession. The economic hardship that Americans face today is the 
direct result of this administration's failed and flawed policies--at 
home and abroad.
  When President Bush was signed into office in January of 2001, the 
price of oil was $23 a barrel and gasoline cost as little as $1.35 per 
gallon.
  Now, after more than five years of bombing and bloodshed in Iraq, oil 
has topped $130 a barrel and gasoline is averaging more than $4 per 
gallon.
  By some estimates, the war and continued occupation of Iraq could 
cost the United States more than $3 trillion. That's a $3 trillion bill 
for this administration's failed policies in Iraq that our children and 
grandchildren will be paying for years to come.
  The American people recognize the toll this immoral occupation has 
taken on our economy. They are in dire need of assistance. Many face 
the impossible choice of buying food for their families or purchasing 
the gasoline they need to go to work.
  If we want to see gas prices go down at the pump, one of the first, 
and most essential steps we can take, is to end to the war and 
occupation of Iraq.
  We must also focus on transitioning our economy away from fossil 
fuels to the greener alternative fuels of the future. This will be a 
long term process that will affect communities throughout our Nation in 
different ways.
  But it is important to note that as we continue to forge new 
frontiers to achieve energy independence and safeguard the environment, 
communities will face many complex environmental and public health 
challenges.
  The drastic acceleration of greenhouse gas emissions has often been 
concentrated in low-income and minority communities, putting these 
vulnerable populations on the ``front lines'' of the fight against 
environmental degradation and global climate change.
  The communities in my district face the severe consequences of 
pollution, urban sprawl, and enviromnental injustice--which harshly 
affects people of color and low-income families.
  Sadly, this epidemic is hitting our children the hardest. Back home 
in my district, children growing up in West Oakland are seven times 
more likely to be hospitalized for asthma than the average child in 
California.
  None of us can afford to take this lightly. The health of our 
community and our neighbors affects all of us.
  As the Representative of California's 9th Congressional District, I 
would also like to take a moment to recognize the role that 
California's East Bay is playing at the forefront of the green jobs and 
green industry movement.
  One of the most exciting and inclusive solutions to the many issues 
facing environmental health is the possibility afforded to us by 
promoting green jobs training and the growth of the green economy in 
America.
  A true green economy, one that is sincere in its mission and deeply 
rooted in local communities and businesses, can provide innovative 
answers to many of the problems our environment faces.
  Green jobs provide pathways out of poverty for those most affected by 
environmental injustice, namely minorities and our urban youth.
  To that end, my office has been working closely with the Ella Baker 
Center, and the Apollo Alliance in my district, to expand green jobs 
and green job training programs.
  I am also working with the mayor of Oakland on a new initiative to 
support the development of green model cities that focus on economic 
development through green job training academies and to create a 
national green institute to serve as a clearinghouse for the green 
movement.
  While we are convincing long-standing businesses to go green and new 
businesses to start green, we must ensure that we are also funding 
opportunities to train our local youth and qualify our existing work 
force to be able to work in these industries.
  I want to end by saying what so many of us deeply understand: over 
the last eight years the Bush administration has been openly hostile to 
the environment.
  His administration has repeatedly cut funding for the EPA and put 
forth disastrous environmental policies that have rolled back 
environmental protections and undermined the safety and well being of 
our Nation and our planet.
  Most recently, the Bush administration has threatened to veto the 
House passed H.R. 5351, the Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation 
Tax Act of 2008.
  This legislation makes critical investments in clean, renewable 
energy and energy efficiency that will create hundreds of thousands of 
new jobs and help to maintain the United States' position as a leader 
in innovation as we move toward true energy independence.
  I urge my colleagues to help bring an end to policies that place 
corporate profits ahead of the long-term interest of public health and 
the environment, and instead work toward a greener and more prosperous 
future for the United States and the world.
  Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Speaker, how much time do we have left?
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. About 4 minutes.
  Mr. TOWNS. On that I would like to yield 2 minutes to the gentleman 
from Georgia (Mr. Johnson).
  Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia. Thank you, Congressman Towns.
  Mr. Speaker, I just want to point out the fact that in the short time 
that the Democrats have been in leadership in Congress, we've passed no 
less than eight bills, passed them on to the President, the President 
has either threatened to veto them or vetoed them; and now the 
President proposes a plan that will have little or no impact on gas 
prices. It will take years to implement, it will threaten the 
environment and does nothing to decrease our dependence on foreign oil. 
And this is a plan that John McCain opposed as recently as last week 
when he made his announcement that he's now in support of this failed 
policy. So we look like we're headed for Bush-McCain a third term.
  And instead of pandering to the oil industry, the President should 
work with this Congress to come up with a plan to address our long-term 
energy challenges. And I want to thank you, Congressman Towns, for 
leading up this effort. I'm proud to be among my members of my fellow 
colleagues in the Congressional Black Caucus because we're showing that 
we are broad based. We understand what is happening down

[[Page H5854]]

home with the average Americans. And we stand with average Americans, 
regardless of what color, regardless of what shape or size or even 
sexual inclination. We stand with you because we're all in the same 
boat together.
  Mr. TOWNS. Thank you.
  Let me thank all of you for participating in this Special Order. It 
was said earlier on, I think by Congresswoman Lee, that one reason the 
food costs have increased along with fuel costs is that fuel is 
required to both produce and transport food. So in this regard, the 
rise in fuel costs is felt not only at the pump but at the grocery 
store as well because people are paying more for our gas.
  So I want to thank you for highlighting this tonight because this is 
something that we just can no longer stand back and ignore.
  Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will yield, I 
want to thank Congressman Towns, and let me extend to my colleagues an 
invitation to come to Houston and let us have a summit, a discussion, 
beginning discussion for energy and getting a roadmap for energy.
  I would like to thank my fellow CBC Member, Representative Tubbs-
Jones for her consistent leadership on the issue of energy. ``I am 
proud to have worked with my dear colleague in the CBC on a number of 
occasions to promote a most energy responsible America.
  We are all painfully aware of the devastation high energy prices have 
had on American families. This New Direction Congress, of which I am 
proud to be a part, is fighting to reduce our dependence on foreign oil 
and bring down record gas prices, and launch a cleaner, smarter energy 
future for America that lowers costs and creates hundreds of thousands 
of green jobs.
  It is undeniable that America, today, is in the midst of an energy 
crisis. Just this weekend, Saudi Arabia, the world's top oil exporter, 
announced that it will increase oil production by 200,000 barrels a day 
to 9.7 million barrels a day staring July 1st in response the current 
energy crisis. While this is an important step in the right direction, 
it is not enough. At a recent world economic forum in Doha, I called 
for Members of Congress and the United States Government to participate 
in OPEC's deliberations, in regards to energy production.
  I am extremely supportive of the legislation introduced by my 
distinguished colleague from Maryland, Representative Van Hollen, The 
Energy Markets Anti-Manipulation and Integrity Restoration Act, of 
which I am a proud cosponsor. This important legislation would close 
the so-called Enron loophole by adding energy to the list of items that 
cannot be traded on deregulated ``exempt commercial markets'', as well 
as closing the Foreign Board of Trade (FBOT) loophole by forbidding an 
exchange from being deemed an unregulated foreign entity if its trading 
affiliate or trading infrastructure is in the U.S., and it trades a 
U.S.-delivered contract that significantly affects price discovery.
  Just last month, I voted to stop the filling on the Strategic 
Petroleum Reserve which will help American families by temporarily 
diverting the 70,000 barrels of oil that go into the SPR a day, and 
consequently has the potential to reduce gas prices from 5 to 24 cents 
a gallon, helping American families, businesses, and the economy as a 
whole.
  There is an undeniable consensus on the importance of America 
achieving energy independence in the 21st century. It is critical that 
we terminate our dependence on foreign sources of oil, the majority of 
which are located in regions of the world which are unstable and in 
most circumstances, opposed to our interests. Accordingly, there is no 
issue more essential to our economic and national security than energy 
independence.
  I was happy to vote for the Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation 
Tax Act of 2008, which is significant and comprehensive legislation 
that will make substantial strides towards energy independence for our 
Nation, while also encouraging the development of innovative 
technologies, creating new jobs, reducing carbon emissions, protecting 
consumers, shifting production to clean and renewable energy, and 
modernizing our energy infrastructure.
  In addition to being a representative from Houston, Texas, the energy 
capital of the world, for the past 12 years I have been the Chair of 
the Energy Braintrust of the Congressional Black Caucus. During this 
time, I have hosted a variety of energy braintrusts designed to bring 
in all of the relevant players ranging from environmentalists to 
producers of energy from a variety of sectors including coal, electric, 
natural gas, nuclear, oil, and alternative energy sources as well as 
energy producers from West Africa. My Energy Braintrusts were designed 
to be a call of action--to all of the sectors who comprise the American 
and international energy industry, to the African American community, 
and to the nation as a whole.
  Energy is the lifeblood of every economy, especially ours. Producing 
more of it leads to more good jobs, cheaper goods, lower fuel prices, 
and greater economic and national security. Bringing together 
thoughtful yet distinct voices to engage each other on the issue of 
energy independence has resulted in the beginning of a transformative 
dialectic which can ultimately result in reforming our energy industry 
to the extent that we as a nation achieve energy security and energy 
independence.
  Because I represent the city of Houston, the energy capital of the 
world, I realize that many oil and gas companies provide many jobs for 
many of my constituents and serve a valuable need. The energy industry 
in Houston exemplifies the stakeholders who must be instrumental in 
devising a pragmatic strategy for resolving our national energy crisis.
  That is why it is crucial that while seeking solutions to secure more 
energy independence within this country, we must strike a balance that 
will still support an environment for continued growth in the oil and 
gas industry, which I might add, creates millions of jobs across the 
entire country.
  We have many more miles to go before we achieve energy independence. 
Consequently, I am willing, able, and eager to continue working with 
Houston's and our Nation's energy industry to ensure that we are moving 
expeditiously on the path to crafting an environmentally sound and 
economically viable energy policy.
  Furthermore, I think it is imperative that we involve small, 
minority- and women-owned, and independent energy companies in this 
process because they represent some of the hard working Americans and 
Houstonians who are on the forefront of energy efficient strategies to 
achieving energy independence.
  According to the U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS), America's 
deep seas on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) contain 420 trillion 
cubic feet of natural gas (the U.S. consumes 23 TCF per year) and 86 
billion barrels of oil (the U.S. imports 4.5 billion per year). Even 
with all these energy resources, the U.S. sends more than $300 billion 
(and countless American jobs) overseas every year for energy we can 
create at home.
  I believe that we should mandate environmentally safe and efficient 
exploration techniques in the Gulf Coast which energy companies have 
demonstrated a willingness and capacity to utilize. By ensuring access 
to increasing sources of energy in an environmentally conscious way, I 
believe we can decrease our dependence on foreign oil.
  I support innovative solutions to our national energy crisis, such as 
my legislation which alleviates our dependence on foreign oil and 
fossil fuels by utilizing loan guarantees to promote the development of 
traditional and cellulosic ethanol technology.
  The Energy Information Administration estimates that the United 
States imports nearly 60 percent of the oil it consumes. The world's 
greatest petroleum reserves reside in regions of high geopolitical 
risk, including 57 percent of which are in the Persian Gulf. Replacing 
oil imports with domestic alternatives such as traditional and 
cellulosic ethanol can not only help reduce the $180 billion that oil 
contributes to our annual trade deficit, it can end our addiction to 
foreign oil. According to the Department of Agriculture, biomass can 
displace 30 percent of our nation's petroleum consumption.
  Along with traditional production of ethanol from corn, cellulosic 
ethanol can be produced domestically from a variety of feedstocks, 
including switchgrass, corn stalks and municipal solid wastes, which 
are available throughout our nation. Cellulosic ethanol also relies on 
its own byproducts to fuel the refining process, yielding a positive 
energy balance. Whereas the potential production of traditional corn-
based ethanol is about 10 billion gallons per year, the potential 
production of cellulosic ethanol is estimated to be 60 billion gallons 
per year.
  In addition to ensuring access to more abundant sources of energy, 
replacing petroleum use with ethanol will help reduce U.S. carbon 
emissions, which are otherwise expected to increase by 80 percent by 
2025. Cellulosic ethanol can also reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 87 
percent. Thus, transitioning from foreign oil to ethanol will protect 
our environment from dangerous carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. 
With its commitment to American biofuels, this legislation calls for a 
significant increase in the Renewable Fuels Standard. It encourages the 
diversification of American energy crops thus ensuring that biodiesel 
and cellulosic sources are key components in the America's drive to 
become energy independent.
  By investing in renewable energy and increasing access to potential 
sources of energy, I believe we can be partners with responsible 
members of America's energy producing community in our collective goal 
of reaching energy independence.

[[Page H5855]]

  Mr. TOWNS. Mr. Speaker, the balance of the time I yield to the 
Congresswoman from Jacksonville, Florida, (Corrine Brown).
  Ms. CORRINE BROWN of Florida. Mr. Speaker, I first of all want to 
thank Congressman Towns for hosting this energy information 
transportation session today.
  And I was very excited last weekend that I was in your district, and 
I was able to ride the train from Union Station to downtown New York. 
That distance, I was able to do it in 2\1/2\ hours, and the goal of our 
Transportation and Infrastructure Committee is to be able to do it in 
less time.
  Mr. TOWNS. From Washington to New York 2\1/2\ hours?
  Ms. CORRINE BROWN of Florida. That is right. And we want to do it in 
2 hours.
  But the key is we were able to do that, and I was able to take that 
train ride and read and contemplate what we've got to do. We've passed 
the Amtrak bill. We've got to move this country forward, and I want to 
thank you for your leadership on this issue.
  We've had our heads in the sand long enough on the issues of global 
warming, and I'm glad that the House Leadership is making this issue a 
top priority. You only need to look at the constantly rising gas prices 
to understand why we need to focus on energy independence.
  My home State of Florida is particularly vulnerable to weather 
pattern changes brought about by climate change. Florida on average 
sits just 98 feet above sea level and each year battles hurricanes with 
increased frequency and intensity.
  Fortunately, the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee is 
taking the bull by the horns and looking at ways that we can decrease 
the negative effect our transportation system has on the world's 
ecosystem.
  One simple way to do this is increasing the use of passenger and 
freight rail. Freight railroads have made major gains in fuel 
efficiency through training and improved locomotive technology. A 
single intermodal train can take up to 280 trucks off our highways. 
Today, one gallon of diesel fuel can move a ton of freight an average 
of 414 miles, a 76 percent improvement since 1980. And General Electric 
will soon unveil the world's first hybrid locomotive.

  Passenger rails' ability to reduce congestion is well known, with 
ridership numbers increasing steadily each year. One full passenger 
train can take 250-350 cars off the roads. Passenger rail also consumes 
less energy than automobiles and commercial airlines. But we need to 
get people to wake up and start making passenger rail a priority in 
this country.
  Unfortunately, this also brings up the bigger issue of capacity and 
what we are able to accomplish with the limited rail capacity that 
currently exists in the United States. We need to find a dedicated 
source for increasing rail capacity and we need to do it now to prepare 
for the future.
  This may not be an easy task, but it is the right thing to do for 
future generations.
  Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise to urge 
Congress to enact legislation to lower gas prices and invest in 
alternative energy.
  In Texas, the price of a gallon of gasoline has risen more than $1.05 
in the past year.
  No one drives more than Texans do. With thousands of miles of 
highways and cities located far from one another, efficient 
transportation is frequently on our minds.
  Nationwide, gas prices have risen from $2.20 per gallon in December 
2005 to $4.10 per gallon on June 19, 2008, according to the Energy 
Information Administration, the entity that collects official energy 
statistics for the United States Government.
  Gas prices are hurting our local families. Citizens must make tough 
economic choices because of the crippling effect that high gas prices 
is having on their lives.
  Congress must show leadership and take action to address this problem 
of high gas prices.
  Congress should work toward the goals of long-term energy solutions 
that promote economic and environment stability.
  We should invest in research to reduce our dependence on fossil 
fuels. Wind-, solar-, hydrogen-, nuclear-, and geothermal energy 
sources are all viable options that should be considered.
  We should mandate stricter fuel economy standards on all automobiles.
  We should utilize alternative fuels that are environmentally 
sustainable.
  We should incentivize the use of public transportation and improve 
our transportation infrastructure.
  We should conduct stronger oversight to determine if gas prices are 
being artificially inflated.
  My years on the Transportation and on the Science Committees have 
heightened my sensitivity to this subject of rising gas prices.
  I have worked to help these committees pass legislation that:
  Funds research for environmentally-friendly highway materials;
  Secures dollars for our local transportation infrastructure; and
  Supports research on alternative fuels, plug-in hybrid cars, 
hydrogen, ethanol, and other energy sources.
  In Texas, we spend a lot of time in our cars. High gas prices are 
particularly impactful to our economy.
  There is no simple or quick solution to this problem of gas prices, 
but Congress must show leadership and take action to address it.
  Mr. Speaker, I am concerned about my constituents. They are asking 
for relief from escalating gas prices, and I want to be proactive.
  The time to act upon this issue is today.
  Mr. TOWNS. Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker.

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