[Congressional Record Volume 154, Number 66 (Thursday, April 24, 2008)]
[Senate]
[Pages S3340-S3342]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
TEMPORARY EXTENSION OF THE FARM SECURITY AND RURAL INVESTMENT ACT OF
2002
Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate
proceed to the immediate consideration of S. 2903 introduced earlier
today by myself.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will report the bill by
title.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
A bill (S. 2903) to amend Public Law 110-196 to provide for
a temporary extension of programs authorized by the Farm
Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 beyond April 25,
2008.
Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to modify the bill
at the desk to insert the date May 9, 2008, in both paragraph 1 and
paragraph 2, in lieu of May 2.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the
modification?
Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, reserving the right to object.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Iowa.
Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, I am inclined to object. This is no
reflection at all on the chairman of the Agriculture Committee and the
ranking member. We are now 6 months into working on a new farm bill. In
2 weeks, we will probably start grain harvest in the panhandle of
Texas. Last week, I came to the floor in a sense of frustration and
urgency for American agriculture, for the Congress to complete its
work. I am told by the chairman and the ranking member that a great
deal has been accomplished this week and a sense of urgency is
beginning to build. I would be willing to extend current farm policy
for another week while the principals work on the finalization of a new
farm bill because their work product is a good one. I am not here to
destroy it. I am here to say, on behalf of American agriculture, they
are sensing urgency--it is time Congress senses urgency. Six months
negotiating a bill in most people's minds is about long enough.
So for a full 2-week extension, I will object. I object.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Objection is heard.
Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I say to my colleague from Idaho that in
1996 when that farm bill came up, it was 6 months late. It was signed
into law April 4, 6 months past due. I do not recall the Senator from
Idaho raising any objections. He was here at that time. And that was an
easy farm bill. This is a very tough one. It is tough because there are
tax measures that have come into it--not of my doing, not of the doing
of my ranking member. But the Finance Committee and others got involved
in this, so we have tax measures that have been a long, drawn-out
process. This has sort of been out of our jurisdiction.
Senator Chambliss and I have been dogged in getting the work done on
the Agriculture bill, and we have. I say to my friend from Idaho, if
this were only the Agriculture bill, we would have had this done a long
time ago. This has to do with tax measures. As such, neither Senator
Chambliss nor I have control of that; we are not chairman or ranking
member of the Finance Committee or Ways and Means.
I say to my friend from Idaho, so they were 6 months overdue in 1996.
So we are over 6 months overdue right now. We are very close to getting
this agreement done. We worked today, worked yesterday, and things are
coming together. We made real progress. It has been slow, but it has
been real. We have reached a number of agreements, and we are very
close to putting this together.
Why would we want a 2-week extension? The House is not even in
tomorrow, for one thing. Then we have to finish this. We have to go
back into full conference. There are some items that are going to
require a little bit of debate and some votes. Even if we were to
finish this bill by next Wednesday, which I think is possible, it is
going to take another week just to do the paperwork and get everything
together. It is humanly impossible--humanly impossible--legislatively
impossible to get everything done in 1 week. That is why I asked for 2
weeks, because that is realistic. It is unrealistic, at this point in
time, on Thursday, to say we can get everything done by next Thursday.
It is just impossible. I want to be realistic.
I do not want to play any games around here. Frankly, we could finish
our work, we can get the stuff done, but we can't get it all nailed
down, the paperwork done, all that stuff that has to be done to clean
up everything to get it to this body and get it to the House for a vote
by next week--legislatively impossible.
I say to my friend from Idaho, you can either be realistic or
unrealistic, you can help us out and be supportive of a process that
has taken a lot of time and effort by both Senator Chambliss and me, by
Republicans and Democrats. We have been working very hard on this, and
we are very close to getting it done. To put on just a 1-week extension
is just unrealistic.
Mr. CRAIG. Will the Chairman yield?
Mr. HARKIN. I yield to my friend from Idaho.
Mr. CRAIG. In everything I say, it is not a reflection on the work of
the Senate, it is a reflection of reality, and 1996 doesn't have
anything to do with it. This is 2008, and agriculture today is
considerably different than it was in 1996.
Today on the news you are actually hearing some supermarkets talk
about the shortage of a food supply. I don't know if we have ever
talked food supply shortages--ever in my lifetime--for American
consumers.
If what the Chairman tells me is accurate, and I have no reason to
doubt him--and Senator Chambliss has done a wonderful job of keeping me
and our colleagues informed--but collectively you have told this Senate
more in the last 10 minutes than we have heard in a month from the
collective principals on where we are with the progress. If by next
week you have completed your work and we are simply ready to ink it and
get it into a final package--I told Senator Chambliss I wouldn't be on
the floor today if that had happened this week. But it has not
happened.
You have made progress. What is wrong, Mr. Chairman, with coming back
here at the end of next week, reporting your work product and saying:
Give us another extension and we will put it in final. That is a report
to American agriculture, the kind they now deserve, more than they did
6 months ago. This is the fourth extension you have asked for, and I am
simply saying I will give you one more,
[[Page S3341]]
but you said it--the House is going out tomorrow. Is that a sense of
urgency, that they are not staying here and working and completing the
work? Give them 2 weeks and they will go out another 3 days.
America's farming community senses urgency at this moment. I hope we
do. I know you do, and I know the ranking member did. In no way is this
a criticism of your work product and your work effort. You have done a
marvelous job. But I think it is time collectively Congress get their
work finished.
I thank the Senator for yielding.
Mr. HARKIN. We just have a disagreement on this issue. I guess, due
to the objection--I guess we will be back here probably again next week
asking for another extension.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Georgia is
recognized.
Mr. CHAMBLISS. Let me say by way of reporting where we are on this
bill to all of our colleagues that we have 13 titles on the farm bill.
We have now closed six of those titles. I think by the end of the day
there is the opportunity for us to close at least a couple more of
those titles, maybe even more. Despite the fact that the House is going
out today and we are still going to be here, the principals involved in
this from the conference standpoint as well as staff are going to
continue to work through this all through the weekend, as all of our
staff have done for all of these 6 months. Staff has been unbelievable,
trying to wade through this.
But here is our practical problem. We have never had this problem
with the farm bill. This is the third one I have been involved in as a
Member of Congress--I have also been participating in several others--
and I have never seen this situation before; that is, we had to go to
the Finance Committee and Ways and Means Committee to ask them for some
spending savings and some revenue measures to allow us to write a farm
bill that is truly a meaningful safety net for our farmers and
ranchers.
But just as important, because 66 percent of the funding in this farm
bill is going to our nutrition programs--our food stamps, our school
lunches, our food banks, all of which are so integrally important and
all of which are within the jurisdiction of the Agriculture Committee--
we have had to look to Ways and Means to finance like we never had to
before.
Second, the Senate had a tax package that is $7 billion on our bill
that did not appear in the House bill. We had a lot of disagreement, a
lot of argument about that. But as of last night, I think we made some
real progress. As I have already told my friend from Idaho, I think his
coming to the floor last week and trying to tighten the screw and
saying he would object to another extension has had an impact on that,
and I am not unappreciative of the efforts of Senator Craig.
But here we are today on the very verge, I think, based upon a
meeting Senator Harkin and I were in this morning. As soon as we leave
here, we go back into another meeting. We are going to stay there until
we get some of these key issues resolved. We are now getting to the
point where, I think, within a short term--I hope it is Monday, I hope
it is no later than that--it may be, but I hope we can come back in and
stand on this floor and say that we have reached an accord and that we
are going to be writing that bill over the course of the next 10 days,
2 weeks, whatever it may be that it takes to physically get the job
done from the committee paper standpoint. But we are very close. And I
think there is an opportunity to get this done. It is not going to be
done, completed, in the next week, but I have no problem with a 1-week
extension because I do think it will keep the pressure on. It will
require us to ultimately get something done.
Another factor in here is the White House. The White House has to be
involved because the President has to sign whatever product we send to
him.
Another problem is, if it were up to Senator Harkin and me, we would
have had this bill done long ago. We had the shortest session in the
Senate Agriculture Committee when we reported this bill out of the
committee under your leadership. We got it done in a day and a half. We
went into conference, and we appointed our conferees fairly quickly. It
took the House almost 6 months to appoint their conferees. We have 11
conferees, the House has 49 conferees, all of whom have to be available
to be in 1 room at the same time and all of whom had the opportunity to
discuss their particular part of this bill. It has been a nightmare
from that standpoint, but we are getting closer.
I appreciate the Senator from Idaho being reasonable with us as far
as us getting a 1-week extension, and I would implore that we move
forward with it, send it to the House, and hopefully get this
concluded.
I yield the floor.
Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I wish to echo a little bit what my friend
from Georgia just said. I will say in all candor to my friend from
Idaho that his action last week had an effect. I will be very frank
about that. It did not go unnoticed in our deliberations. Frankly, I
think it caused us to do a lot of things in the last week. So I give
that to my friend from Idaho.
I guess the only reason I was a little upset, I think sometimes when
we try to do some things that are unrealistic--I think the specter of
what you said last week was pretty realistic, and that caused us to do
some things. I guess my only problem with this is that I think everyone
recognizes that even though we are very close, we can get this done
before next week, it cannot get done legislatively, the paperwork.
Sometimes if you hold something out that is unrealistic, people tend to
pooh-pooh it and say: Oh well, we will get another extension and we can
dribble along. But if you know the curtain is coming down, then things
happen. That is why I asked for 2 weeks. People know that is realistic.
We have to get it done. It has to be done. But if it is 1 week, then,
well, we will come back next week, and hopefully we can get whatever
extension is necessary to get the paperwork done and everything.
I want to say again, Senator Chambliss and I--all of us on the
Agriculture Committee worked very hard. The groundwork was laid when
Senator Chambliss was chairman of the committee. When it changed hands
after the last election and I was privileged to take over as chairman,
we worked together. We passed a great farm bill in the Senate,
something I was very proud of, and I think Senator Chambliss--all of us
were. We passed a farm bill with 79 votes.
Now, a lot of times people around the country--you hear them say:
Can't you people quit your bickering and get things done? Well, I
thought we did that on the farm bill. You can't get much better than 79
votes. That is the most votes the farm bill has ever had on the Senate
floor. So Republicans, Democrats, East, West, North, South--different
regions all were supporting it. So you would think the administration
might have said: Well, gee, with that, maybe we ought to work with them
and get it done. But we got a veto threat right away.
So, again, I thought we had a good product here when we passed it in
the Senate. But, understanding that the House did not have the same
views as we did, we had to go to conference. But I can say this again,
that I hope in another farm bill that will come up 5 years from now,
this is not going to happen again, that this is not going to happen
again with the Finance Committee and the Ways and Means Committee
basically controlling our agenda. They are good people. I do not want
to cast aspersions on any committee or anything like that. But they
have their agenda, they have what they want to do.
The Agriculture Committee did its work. As Senator Chambliss said, if
it had been just our bill, the Agriculture bill, we would have been
done with this a long time ago. Our differences, whatever they are, are
minor. We had basic agreements on different parameters and things such
as that. So we had a good bill, and we have made good progress.
The other thing I wanted to say as long as I have the floor is that
the President is not doing us any favors by the White House issuing the
statement that we should have a 1-year extension. For some of the
reasons that I think the Senator from Idaho pointed out, prices going
up and things like that, people expect us to do something. And one of
the big parts of this whole farm
[[Page S3342]]
bill--in fact, the biggest part of this farm bill is nutrition. Over 60
percent of this farm bill is nutrition; it is food stamps, it is the
TEFAP program, the Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program, WIC, it
is all of these programs that help low-income people put food on their
table. Yet we know, with the increasing prices of food, people are
hurting, low-income people are hurting in this country.
Well, with a 1-year extension, we give no relief at all to low-income
families. In this bill, what we have agreed upon so far is roughly
about $10 billion more--not base--$10 billion more in nutrition
programs. Now, if we have a 1-year extension, that is gone. So I think
we have an obligation here to help people who are low-income, who maybe
had a job and lost it, who need to go on food stamps for a short period
of time to be able to help their families. Well, if we have an
extension, that will not happen.
Energy. We hear a lot of talk--I think it is misguided--about some of
the food going for ethanol and that is causing a lot of problems. That
is not it at all. That is not it at all. A lot of people have the
mistaken idea that the corn that is being made into ethanol is the corn
people eat. That is not so. People do not eat that. It is not the kind
of corn you buy and you eat on your plate at night. This is the corn
which is fed to chickens and cows and hogs. Most of the hungry people
in the world are not hungry because they are not getting meat; they are
hungry because of subsistence diets. So the ethanol thing is kind of a
bugaboo; that is a phony issue out there. But we recognize the limits,
and we recognized that in the Energy bill we passed where we mandated a
renewable fuels standard, but we said that, of that, no more than 15
billion gallons a year from present sources, corn. So therefore we want
to move aggressively into cellulosic ethanol, using wood products and
waste products and things such as those for making ethanol. This bill
pushes us in that direction, moves us aggressively in that direction.
Well, if we have a 1-year extension, we will lose yet another year or
two on that.
Lastly, let me mention conservation. Millions and millions of acres
are coming out to be used for crop production. You cannot stop it.
These are contracts that farmers had to set aside land. The contracts
are up. Because of the high prices of wheat and corn and beans and
other commodities, farmers now see they can make money by planting row
crops. That is fine. That is good. That will help keep the prices of
food down. We need that productive capacity.
That is what was so good about the Conservation Reserve Program. It
was like a reservoir, that if we needed it at some time, we could use
it. Well, now is the time. We are going to use it. And more crops will
be planted on this land. But some of these lands are fragile, they are
hilly, they are highly erodable. So therefore we need to put some
incentives in there for farmers to do it right, to put in grass
waterways, to put in buffer strips, to do minimum tillage, to do all
that is necessary to conserve our soil and clean up our water. We can
have production, and we can have good conservation. This bill puts a
lot more money into the very conservation programs that will allow
farmers to go out and plant and grow and yet be good conservationists.
Yet, if we have a 1-year extension, we do not have that.
So for that and for a lot of other reasons, I wish the White House
would quit talking about that and say: Look, you have a good bill. You
have done a lot of work. We will work with you. We will get this bill
done, and the President will sign it into law. That is the kind of
cooperation we need from the White House right now and not the veiled
threats of a year extension, things like that.
I think the Senator from Idaho is right, we have been so locked up in
meetings on this that perhaps Senators and their staffs and others have
not really been brought up to speed on what we are doing. I want to
take this opportunity to bring them up to speed as to where we are in
all of these negotiations.
We are very close. We are meeting right now again at 10:30 and will
proceed on today, tomorrow, through the weekend if necessary to get
this done.
I ask unanimous consent that the bill be read three times and passed,
the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table with no intervening
action or debate, and any statements related to the bill be printed in
the Record.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection?
Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, no objection, but this was the original at
the desk, not the one amended by the Chair?
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator is correct.
Mr. CRAIG. I thank the Chair.
Mr. Chairman, let me thank you for that report. I do not know if
there is anyone here in ag country who does not want your work product
to become policy as soon as possible.
I think the colloquy this morning has been extremely valuable. Please
go back to work.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so
ordered.
The bill (S. 2903) was ordered to a third reading, was read the third
time, and passed, as follows:
S. 2903
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. ADDITIONAL TEMPORARY EXTENSION OF AGRICULTURAL
PROGRAMS AND SUSPENSION OF PERMANENT PRICE
SUPPORT AUTHORITIES.
Effective April 25, 2008, section 1 of Public Law 110-196
(122 Stat. 653) (as amended by Public Law 110-200 (122 Stat.
695)) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ``April 25, 2008'' and
inserting ``May 2, 2008''; and
(2) in subsection (d), by striking ``April 25, 2008'' and
inserting ``May 2, 2008''.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Massachusetts.
____________________