[Congressional Record Volume 153, Number 98 (Monday, June 18, 2007)]
[Senate]
[Pages S7802-S7804]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
ENERGY
Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I am in the Chamber to speak to some
amendments to the Energy bill which the Senate debated last week and is
continuing to debate this week.
The first is an amendment I offered last week, along with Senator
Snowe, where we are joined by many Senators, including Senator
Bingaman, who is managing the bill on the majority side, as well as
Senator Collins and Senator Coleman, as well as Senators Kerry, Boxer,
and Carper.
There are a number of people supporting this amendment throughout the
Senate because they understand if we are going to discuss any kind of
climate change policy going forward, we at least need to have accurate
information. Other countries are doing this quite successfully.
The idea is to have one gathering place for information, and that
would be our EPA. The amendment gives them latitude to set this up as
they would like, but the idea is to have one place for a carbon
registry or, to make it easier, a carbon counter. I figure if Weight
Watchers can have a calorie counter, we can have a carbon counter.
Now, what is interesting about this is the type of business support
we have seen for action in this area. Obviously, we have seen action
across our States--in places such as my State of Minnesota, in places
such as California and Arizona and New Jersey--all over this country.
I have often said the States have taken the lead, that they have been
more than the laboratories of democracy, they have been the aggressors.
One of our national magazines this week has a picture of Governor
Schwarzenegger and Mayor Bloomberg on the front cover, and it says:
``Who Needs Washington?'' Because they are moving so quickly? Well,
that cover says it all.
We need to be relevant. We need to lead the national energy policy.
We need to at least gather the information we need to make good
decisions about climate change policy going forward.
Now, as for the businesses, in January, it made quite a big splash
when some American businesses came together to form the U.S. Climate
Action Partnership. They actually urged Congress to fast track a
greenhouse gas inventory and registry. They asked it be done by the end
of this year.
With my short time in the Senate, I realize you cannot wait until
September or December to get this idea passed. If you are actually
going to get it done by the end of the year, you need to get it passed
now.
Now, let me go through some of the companies that are part of this
U.S. CAP group that is advocating for change, that is acknowledging
climate change is an issue, and is advocating for a national registry.
They include Alcoa; American Industry Group, or AIG; Boston Scientific
Corporation; BP America; Caterpillar; ConocoPhillips;
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Deere & Company; the Dow Chemical Company; Duke Energy; DuPont; General
Electric; General Motors Corporation; Johnson & Johnson; Marsh, Inc.;
PepsiCo; PG&E Corporation; PNM Resources; Shell; and Siemens
Corporation. These are the kinds of companies I am talking about.
Now, there has been some concern expressed over this bill by the
National Chamber of Commerce, and I have to tell my colleagues it kind
of surprises me. First of all, we have a number of good business
Democrats as well as good business Republicans on this bill who
understand that you don't want 31 States doing their own national
climate registry. I don't have a problem with it because there is no
choice. It is the right thing to do. But, in fact, it is much better if
we do this on a national basis involving the U.S. Government.
Responding to the challenges these businesses laid out, the
Klobuchar-Snowe-Bingaman amendment establishes a national greenhouse
gas registry that will gather and consolidate consistent, transparent,
and reliable data on greenhouse gas emissions at the facility level.
The amendment, as I mentioned, requires the Environmental Protection
Agency to consider cost and coordinate with existing Federal and State
programs in implementing the registry.
The new registry only covers major emitting facilities and major
sources of fossil fuel. Utilities already reporting under the Clean Air
Act would not have to report their data twice.
How this is working now is a patchwork of reporting. Some industries
are reporting to the Energy Department, some industries are reporting
to the EPA, some are reporting every 3 years, some are reporting every
year, and it makes it very difficult to get the kind of greenhouse gas
emissions data we need to make adequate decisions about climate change
legislation.
Let me say this bill, with three Republicans and several Democrats on
it, does not in any way dictate what our next step will be for climate
change. It puts the data in place as these major companies asked for
and fast-tracks it by the end of the year.
I also note that for facilities facing burdensome costs in purchasing
advanced monitoring equipment, the EPA would accept basic fossil fuel
data, which is collected by businesses for general accounting purposes.
The EPA would then calculate emissions based on that fuel data.
The amendment also specifies that confidential business information
would not be published; however, we will have a Web site which would at
least give the greenhouse gas emissions data to the public.
There was a recent report by National Public Radio which showed that
a reporter tried to find out who are some of the larger emitters of
greenhouse gases in this country. She was unable to figure it out. She
could figure it out in Canada. Because greenhouse gases are invisible,
it is very difficult to do by looking at businesses. The registry
excludes small businesses as defined by the Small Business
Administration, which is less than 500 employees that emit less than
10,000 metric tons of greenhouse gas per year.
This amendment makes a lot of sense. It is a commonsense amendment,
and I am going to be urging my colleagues to support it in the next 2
days. If we can't take this simple step when we are looking at an
energy bill, as we are looking at a new direction for energy policy and
as we are looking at great new ideas for buildings and appliances--as I
like to say, I heard somewhere of building a fridge to the 21st
century--as we look at the possibility of raising the gas mileage
standards and setting standards in a way that will spur investment
across this country, we have to put in place at least the building
blocks, sensible building blocks toward a new climate change policy.
The other thing I would like to address today on this vital topic of
energy security is the role I believe renewable fuels ought to play in
meeting our Nation's future energy needs.
The United States today spends more than $200,000 per minute on
foreign oil. That is $200,000 per minute. That is $13 million per hour.
The money is shipped out of our economy, adding to our enormous trade
deficit, and leaving us vulnerable to unstable parts of the world to
meet our basic energy needs.
Oil companies would have you believe that energy security is decades
away; that we need some new technology, some vehicle of the future
before we can break the stranglehold oil has on us. I believe we are
going to see this new technology. I believe we are going to see these
vehicles of the future. But meanwhile, we can't sit and wait and wait
and wait. We have to start now.
Any Minnesota farmer can tell you that one way to go about this is
with homegrown renewable fuels. They are here today. Ask someone in
Brazil, and they will tell you that with sugarcane, they become energy
independent. They moved to homegrown energy. In our State, they are
ready to use this homegrown energy, and they believe it will help us to
break free from our addiction to oil.
Consider this: In 2006, ethanol offset the need for 170 million
barrels of imported oil and kept $11 billion in rural America. Consider
this as well: A flexible fuel vehicle driven on about 85 percent
ethanol fuel offsets 477 gallons of gas per year. A hybrid electric
vehicle saves 94 gallons. That means that flex-fuel vehicles run on
high blends of renewable fuels are by far our best near-term
opportunity for energy independence. Obviously, the best is to combine
these vehicles.
Renewable fuels also have tremendous potential to revitalize our
rural economy. Ethanol has been nothing short of a revolution in our
State. We have 16 ethanol plants up and running and 5 more under
construction. By 2008, Minnesota will be producing 1 billion gallons of
ethanol each year, and that will generate $5 billion for the State's
economy and support 18,000 jobs.
Last year, my daughter did a report for her sixth grade class on
ethanol, and she interviewed a number of farmers throughout Minnesota.
She drew a big picture with the State of Minnesota on it. She had two
little dots designating Minneapolis and St. Paul. Then she had this
huge circle that said Pine City, home of farmer Tom Peterson.
Well, that is the future for rural America. That is what is
revitalizing so many of our towns. Of course, we started with corn-
based ethanol and soybean-based biodiesel. But now we are moving to a
new level with cellulosic ethanol which can involve all kinds of
things. We are focusing on switchgrass and prairie grass and doing this
in a way that is good for our environment and carbon neutral and
creates habitat for wildlife, something our hunters in Minnesota are
very interested in. I know the Presiding Officer's brother who lives in
Minnesota is especially interested as a hunter in having that habitat
that we need.
In spite of the clear advantages of renewable fuels to our economy
and our energy security, we face a chicken-and-egg-type problem when it
comes to the challenge of making them available to more drivers. The
automakers haven't traditionally wanted to sell flex-fuel vehicles in
areas where there are no E85 pumps, and the gas stations don't want to
put in E85 pumps when there are no flex-fuel vehicles. That is why I am
so pleased the amendments that came out of the Commerce Committee, on
which I serve, included not only the increase in gas mileage standard
but also a requirement that by 2015, 80 percent of the vehicles
produced be flex fuel.
In order to ensure that the drivers who purchase the flexible-fuel
vehicles know they can use E85, our language requires automakers to put
that information on the fuel tank cap and to put a flex-fuel emblem on
the back of the vehicle that drivers will be able to recognize.
On the other end of this problem--the ability for consumers to fill
up their cars with ethanol and biodiesel--it is crucial that Congress
act to provide more American drivers with access to renewable fuel
pumps.
Right now, Minnesota ranks first in the country for E85 pumps. We
have more than 300--I think the last number I heard was 314--of the
1,200 pumps nationally, far more than any other State. That is great
for Minnesota, and it shows the vision of our State government in
Minnesota, but it limits the positive impact that renewable fuels can
and should have on the entire Nation's security. If we are serious
about finding alternatives to foreign oil, we should ensure that
drivers in every State have access to E85 and biodiesel.
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That is why I wish to speak to two amendments to the Energy bill
aimed at making renewable fuels available across the country. Senator
Bond and I have introduced an amendment that would provide grants to
promote the installation of E85 biodiesel pumps at gas stations
nationwide. I would also like to thank Senator Voinovich, Senator
Hagel, and Senator Kerry for their support of this amendment.
In past years, Congress has only provided a small amount of money
each year for E85 infrastructure, and last year, even that small amount
of funding was cut. As a Nation, we are stuck in a rut. Less than 1
percent of the gas stations sell E85. It is time for the country to
make a serious investment in renewable fuels. That is going to mean, as
I said, more flex-fuel vehicles. It is also going to mean investment in
cellulosic ethanol, acknowledging we are not going to have all this
ethanol based on corn and we are not going to have just soybean-based
biodiesel; that there are all kinds of possibilities, as we move
forward, for how we are going to get our ethanol. We need to be
creative about that and we need to put the investments in place and put
the standards in place.
But what we need, if we are going to do this, is the pumps on the
ground. That is why Senator Bond and I have an amendment to give grants
for ethanol and biodiesel pumps. It would be enough for 1,000 to 2,000
new pumps, which would nearly double or triple what we have now.
I am also introducing an amendment that would block oil company
tactics to keep renewable fuels out of gas stations. I have heard from
gas stations in Minnesota that their franchise contracts make it
difficult to sell ethanol and biodiesel, so many of them can't even do
it. Here are some examples. Remember, these are just dealing with
gas stations in which they have franchise contracts involving the oil
companies: They are not allowed to sell renewable fuels under the main
canopy that bears the oil company name. They are not allowed to convert
the pumps they already have to sell E85 or B20. They can't put up signs
to let customers know they have renewable fuel or how much it costs.
That is why I call it the ``Right to Retail Renewable Fuel.'' Look
what we have on the other side. We have these oil companies. Last year,
Exxon made $29 billion in profit--a record--and the big five oil
companies made $120 billion. Now they are blaming ethanol, the small
amount--these 1,200 pumps across the country at 170 gas stations--they
are blaming that for the reason they can't do anything about their
refineries. It is outrageous.
We need to encourage competition. That is what I am trying to do with
the right to retail renewable fuel amendment. This amendment would
prohibit oil companies from placing restrictions on where and how
renewable fuels can be sold to gas stations. This will ensure that
franchise owners across the country have the ability to make ethanol
and biodiesel available to their customers.
In conclusion, I believe that ethanol and biodiesel have tremendous
potential to meet the energy needs of our country. Again, I think of
the ethanol industry akin to the beginning of the computer industry
when we had the big computers in the room. That is where we are. It is
going to become more efficient, it is going to become better for the
environment, and it is going to become less costly as we move forward.
That is why we are moving into things such as cellulosic ethanol that
can be grown on marginal farmland that is carbon neutral and that takes
less energy to produce.
I believe these alternative fuels will move us toward energy
independence in the immediate term--not decades from now. I believe we
ought to use the Energy bill before us as an opportunity to invest in
renewable fuels and to make them available to every American driver. I
believe we should be investing in the farmers and the workers of middle
America and not the Middle East.
Mr. President, I yield the floor, and I suggest the absence of a
quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that going
forward, the time be equally divided between Republicans and Democrats.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The majority time has expired.
Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. Klobuchar). The senior Senator from New
Mexico is recognized.
Mr. DOMENICI. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
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