[Congressional Record Volume 153, Number 82 (Thursday, May 17, 2007)]
[Senate]
[Pages S6220-S6253]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2008--CONFERENCE
REPORT
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the Senate will
begin debate on the conference report to accompany S. Con. Res. 21.
Under the previous order, the time until 3 p.m. shall be equally
divided between the Senator from North Dakota, Mr. Conrad, and the
Senator from New Hampshire, Mr. Gregg, or their designees.
The Senator from North Dakota.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that all quorum
calls be equally divided.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, we bring to the floor the conference
report on the budget. It is a conference report that I believe is
worthy of our support. Let me say why.
Under this budget plan, we will balance the budget in 5 years. In the
fifth year, 2012, we will have, according to the projections, a $41
billion surplus. This is after 6 years of deficit, and in an additional
4 years, we will finally be returning to balance.
The budget resolution we bring to the floor will reduce spending as a
share of gross domestic product each and every year, from 20.5 percent
in 2008 down to 18.9 percent in 2012. It is that spending discipline
that helps us reach balance in the fifth year. It also has the positive
effect of bringing down the debt as a share of our gross domestic
product in every year after 2010. This is gross debt. If we looked at
publicly held debt, it will actually be bringing it down every year
from 2009 on. So I believe this is a responsible budget that returns us
to a fiscally responsible approach to our Nation's spending.
Some have said there is a big difference in spending between this
budget and the President's budget. We have put it on a chart to
visually compare over the 5 years the difference in spending in this
proposal and what the President proposed.
As you can see, there is virtually no difference--virtually no
difference--in spending between this proposal and the President's
spending proposal. Yes, it is slightly more spending, but this slight
addition is going for veterans health care, to expand children's health
care, and to provide further investment in education. Those are the
fundamental places where we have modest additions to spending.
As you can see, on a fair comparison basis, when you put the two
spending lines together on the same axis, comparing apples to apples,
you see the difference in spending is quite modest.
On the revenue side, we have included a 1-year fix to the alternative
minimum tax, the old millionaire's tax. It is rapidly becoming a
middle-class tax trap. If we had not acted, over 23 million people
would be caught up by the alternative minimum tax in this next year. We
have avoided that, providing dramatic tax relief to those people.
We also extend the middle-class tax cuts in this proposal. That
includes continuation of marriage penalty relief, the child tax credit,
and the 10-percent bracket. These provisions will benefit tens of
millions of the American taxpayers.
We also include estate tax reform. It is well known under the current
estate tax law, we will go to a $3.5 million exemption per person in
2009. Then there is no estate tax in 2010. Then we go back to an estate
tax in 2011 that provides only $1 million of exemption per person or $2
million for a couple. Instead of having that anomalous situation, we
will continue providing a $3.5 million exemption per person or $7
million for a couple indexed for inflation. I think that makes common
sense.
Now, we have heard from some there is a big tax increase in this
budget. There is no tax increase in this budget. Let me reemphasize
that. There is no assumption of a tax increase in this budget. I do not
know what I could say to be more clear.
Here, shown on this chart, is what the President said his budget
would produce in revenue over the 5 years. This is the President's own
estimate of what his budget would produce. He said his 5-year budget
would produce $14.826 trillion of revenue over the 5 years. That is
according to the scoring by his own Office of Management and Budget.
Our budget produces $14.828 trillion of revenue over the 5-year
period. There is virtually no difference between what the President
claimed his budget would produce in revenue and what our budget
produces in revenue.
Now, our friends on the other side will be swift to say: Wait a
minute, Senator, you are using Office of Management and Budget
estimates and CBO estimates, two different estimates. That is true. The
point I am making is the President said it was entirely reasonable to
expect to raise $14.826 trillion of revenue over this 5 years. That is
his own estimate of what his budget would produce. CBO says our budget
would produce $14.828 trillion--a $2 billion difference on a $15
[[Page S6221]]
trillion base. That is statistically the same. If you put them both on
a CBO baseline--in other words, have estimates done for both the
President's revenue and our revenue by the CBO--we have 2 percent more
revenue than the President--2 percent. We believe 2 percent can be
achieved with no tax increase of any kind.
Let me reemphasize that. We believe, if you look at the CBO scoring
that says we have 2 percent more revenue than the President, that can
be achieved without any tax increase of any kind. I will explain why in
a moment. If you look at what is shown on this chart, this is a 5-year
budget. But all of us know we are going to write another budget next
year, so what matters is next year.
Here shown on the chart is the revenue line in our budget and the
President's revenue line. You will notice they are identical. There is
no difference--none--not a penny, not a dime. In 2009, there is
virtually no difference in the two.
So let's be serious. When somebody jumps up here and says this is the
biggest tax increase in history, the only way that is possibly true is
if the President has proposed the biggest tax increase in history.
Because there is, for next year--and we will write another budget next
year--for next year, there is no difference in the revenue in our
proposals.
How can it be we could get 2 percent more revenue under the CBO
scoring than the President proposes without a tax increase? How is that
possible? Well, first of all, we have the tax gap, which back in 2001
was estimated to be $345 billion a year. I believe that tax gap now is
in the range of $400 billion a year. That is the difference between
what is owed and what is paid. I believe that is now $400 billion a
year or thereabouts. Over 5 years that would be more than $2 trillion--
money that is owed that is not being paid. But that is not the only
source of revenue without a tax increase.
The second area of opportunity to get revenue with no tax increase is
the explosion and the abuse of offshore tax havens. I have shown this
building down in the Cayman Islands many times on the floor. This 5-
story building is the home to 12,748 companies. It is remarkable that
all of those companies--12,748--are doing business in this little 5-
story building, but that is what they claim. Are they really doing
business down there? The only business being done out of this building
is monkey business because what they are doing is engaging in an
enormous tax scam. They claim they are doing business down there
because they don't have any taxes down there. So how does it work? It
is a giant shell game.
They have entities in the United States that they say are making no
profits, because they move the money offshore into these Cayman Islands
subsidiaries where there are no taxes, and all of a sudden they show
enormous profits. Who is being fooled by this? Shame on us if we are
being fooled. But currently, we are. I would suggest we close down this
scam.
The Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations has said we are losing
$100 billion a year through these offshore tax havens. Let me quote
from their report from earlier this year:
Experts have estimated the total loss to the Treasury from
offshore tax havens alone approaches $100 billion a year,
including $40 to $70 billion from individuals and another $30
billion from corporations engaging in offshore tax evasion.
Abusive tax shelters add tens of billions of dollars more.
Mr. President, $100 billion a year in tax havens, and tens of
billions more----
Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a question?
Mr. CONRAD. I am happy to yield to the Senator.
Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I was listening to the description of
these offshore tax havens. Senator Conrad and I have worked on these
issues for some while. It is interesting, with respect to the revenue
stream into this country, that if we close down some of these tax
shelters, the result would be increased revenues for the Federal
Government and a requirement that those who benefit from the
opportunities of being an American company, that they would start
paying taxes.
Now, we have had example after example--the Senator used a chart
showing a building called the Ugland House, a quiet little 4-story
building on Church Street in the Cayman Islands which 12,748
corporations call home. Of course none of them are home there. If you
go there--there is an enterprising reporter named David Evans who
worked on that particular issue. He went there, and there is nobody
there. There are just some windows in a building, and it is quiet in
the lobby. Nothing is going on. This is a legal fiction created by
lawyers for the purposes of allowing companies to avoid paying their
U.S. taxes. It is not just that building, though. That building is an
example of the unbelievable abuse of the creation of massive offshore
tax shelters. There are hundreds and hundreds of tax shelters.
I asked the Senator to yield to make a point. When I chaired the
hearings on the Enron scandal, when I had Ken Lay come by and raise his
hand and take an oath and then refuse to testify, and then Jeffrey
Skilling, whom you couldn't hardly get to stop talking--he is now in
prison. But the fact is, the Enron Corporation, in addition to all of
the other things--and part of that we understand now is a criminal
enterprise; the evidence exists for that--in addition, they have
hundreds of offshore entities. Why? For the purpose of avoiding taxes.
That is the purpose of offshore entities and tax havens.
No one runs to these countries like the Cayman Islands for the
purposes of creating a big manufacturing plant and saying: That is
where we want to move our business. It seems to me what they do is they
hire a lawyer to create a legal fiction saying: We now want to be a
resident of a tax-haven country because we don't like the obligation of
paying taxes to the Federal Government.
I would just ask the Senator, isn't it the case that the Senator's
proposition, and mine, the one I have introduced with legislation, is
very simple? It says: If you are going to be an American company, why
don't you simply decide to pay taxes to this country? If you move your
operation somewhere else, we understand that. We don't support that--
there ought not be a tax incentive for it--but if you are creating a
legal fiction through lawyers telling us you are moving, we are going
to treat you for tax purposes as if you were right here, an American
company that is required to pay its appropriate taxes.
I know the Senator is probably also going to talk about the sale and
leaseback of sewer systems and trolley cars and all the nonsense that
is going on. I would just commend Senator Conrad for doing this, for
finally saying in this budget that we are going to shut all this down.
Those of you who want to get the revenue in order to move us toward
fiscal sanity here, if you really want to help us get the revenue, then
join us in shutting these tax scams down, shutting down these tax
havens.
I am sorry I took more time for this lengthy question, which turns
out not to be much of a question after all, but I did want to point out
that I believe this is a very important part of this budget agreement,
and I commend Senator Conrad and those who have put this together
because this significantly benefits our country.
Mr. President, I appreciate the Senator yielding.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, first of all, in answering the question of
the Senator, I would say what you find is quite stunning. We went on
the Internet, I would say to my colleague--first of all, I thank him
because the picture of this building down in the Cayman Islands came
from him. I have used it repeatedly because it tells such a powerful
story: 12,748 companies that call this little building home. We know
what is going on. It is a giant scam.
I would say to the Senator, we went on the Internet and we entered in
``offshore tax planning.'' Do you know how many hits you get if you
enter in that phrase? You get 1.2 million hits. Here is my favorite. If
you go online and you look at what is on the Internet----
Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, would the Senator yield for a question at
this point in relationship to the Senator's question?
Mr. CONRAD. I am happy to yield.
Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, the New York Times today was reviewing the
financial statements of the candidates for President, and I noticed
that the former Senator from North Carolina who is running for
President, John Edwards, received half a million dollars
[[Page S6222]]
in payments last year for his work with Fortress, a hedge fund. I also
noticed that the New York Times represents that the Fortress hedge fund
is incorporated in the Cayman Islands, probably in that building to
which you are referring.
I am just wondering, because the Senator asked who is being fooled
here, is it the position of the Senator from North Dakota that Senator
Edwards has been fooled here or that he is fooling the American people?
Mr. CONRAD. Look, I do not know what the status of that particular
hedge fund is. What I do know is these offshore tax havens are being
abused by lots of different entities, not only corporations but wealthy
individuals. I don't have any evidence which would suggest that
particular hedge fund did anything improper, and certainly you can be
engaged in business in the Cayman Islands and not be engaged in
anything improper.
The point we are making is that in this particular building, there
are 12,700 companies calling it home. But more than that, when you go
on the Internet--and by the way, we have yet to see the financial
reports of some of the Republican candidates for President, some of
whom report they have net worth over $100 million. It will be
interesting to see their financial arrangements, and I hope the Senator
will be just as focused on any abuse that might be in their portfolios.
That will be very interesting.
Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, will the Senator yield?
Mr. CONRAD. I am happy to yield.
Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, that was a clever question from our
colleague from New Hampshire. I would observe that the discussion I
just had about the Enron Corporation--I think the largest financial
supporter of the current occupant of the White House for his first run
for the Presidency--it was a corporation that had hundreds of offshore
tax-haven subsidiaries. It is also the case that it is not new for us
to try to shut these down. As we have tried to shut these down, it is
not new, either, to find that the current White House by and large
opposes the legislation on the floor of the Senate to shut down these
tax scams.
I hope that perhaps we can get some support to do what Senator Conrad
and I and others believe ought to be done, to shut down these kinds of
tax scams.
Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, if the Senator would yield for a further
question.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, reclaiming my time, I will be happy, when
I have completed my presentation--the Senator has half the time, and I
know he will use it well. I hope he will give me the opportunity to
complete my presentation, and then I am happy to answer all of his
questions.
Mr. President, when you look on the Internet--this is my favorite
one:
Live tax free and worldwide on a luxury yacht. Moving
offshore and living tax free just got easier.
That is the kind of scam which is going on that is costing the
Treasury of the United States, according to our own Permanent
Subcommittee on Investigations, over $100 billion a year.
It doesn't stop there. This is a picture of a sewer system in Europe.
What does a sewer system in Europe have to do with the budget of the
United States? Well, as it turns out, it has a lot to do with it
because this sewer system in Europe was actually purchased by wealthy
U.S. investors, depreciated on their books for U.S. tax purposes, and
then leased back to the European city in which it is actually located.
It has no business purpose. There is only one purpose, and that purpose
is to operate as a scam. This is the kind of thing which should be shut
down. Nobody can justify this. Nobody can defend this. That is what is
going on.
So I believe the combination of closing the tax gap, just a tiny
portion of it, combined with shutting down these offshore tax havens,
combined with shutting down these abusive tax shelters, could easily
provide the 2 percent of revenue we have that is over and above the
President, according to a Congressional Budget Office score, with no
tax increase to anyone.
The budget conference report we bring to the floor also funds a
number of critically important priorities for the American people,
including expanding health care coverage for children. When you look at
the comparison, the President has provided $2 billion for this purpose
over the 5 years. We provide $50 billion so that there is the prospect
of covering every child in America who is not otherwise covered with
health insurance. That is good policy, it is a good investment, and it
is morally right. We ought to ensure that every child in America has
health care coverage. It is good policy because if you solve a health
care problem for a child, you get a return on that investment for their
lifetime.
Another area that has been a priority in this budget is education.
Under this budget, we provide some $6 billion in this next year over
and above what the President provided because we think education is the
future. If we are not world class in education, we are not going to be
a world-class power. So we have provided that additional investment in
education.
The third area of initiative is in veterans health care. If there is
any scandal that I think has troubled the American people more than
what we saw at Walter Reed where heroes returning from Iraq and
Afghanistan have been subjected to subpar medical treatment, I don't
know what it is. I don't know of anything that has so angered so many
people, at least in my constituency. So we have adopted a budget here
that closely follows the independent budget which is put forward by the
veterans organizations themselves which provides for $43.1 billion in
funding in the next fiscal year, compared to the President's $39.6
billion.
To recap, the budget resolution we bring to the floor, the conference
report, puts the Nation back on a sound fiscal path. It balances by
2012 with a $41 billion surplus in 2012. It reduces spending as a share
of gross domestic product each and every year of the 5 years of the
budget. It reduces debt as a share of gross domestic product from 2010
on. It adopts spending caps and restores a strong pay-go rule. What is
pay-go? Pay-go simply says that if you want to have more mandatory
spending or more tax cuts, you can have them, but you have to pay for
them, and if you don't pay for them, you have to get a super-majority
vote.
This budget also meets the Nation's priorities. It fully funds the
President's defense and war cost requests. It rejects the President's
cuts in certain key priority areas. It provides increases for
children's health, for education, and for our veterans health care, an
area in which the American people overwhelmingly want us to invest.
In addition, this budget resolution keeps taxes low. It extends
specifically the middle-class tax relief provisions, including marriage
penalty relief, the child credit, and the 10-percent bracket. It
provides alternative minimum tax relief so that more and more middle-
class people don't get swept up in that tax. It provides for
fundamental estate tax reform. It includes the deficit-neutral reserve
funds for additional tax relief and for the extension of other expiring
provisions. It includes no assumption of a tax increase.
This budget also prepares for the long term. It provides for program
integrity initiatives to crack down on waste, fraud, and abuse in both
Medicare and Social Security. It includes health information technology
and comparative effectiveness reserve funds to address rising health
care costs. According to the Rand Corporation, widespread health
information technology alone could save $81 billion a year. It also
adopts a new budget point of order against long-term deficit increases.
I will conclude by saying this budget has specific proposals
addressing our long-term fiscal challenge. It provides program
integrity initiatives to crack down on waste, fraud, and abuse. It
provides new mandatory spending, and tax cuts must be paid for in the
pay-go provision. It provides that long-term deficit increase face a
point of order, a super-majority hurdle on the floor of the Senate. It
provides for the health information technology reserve fund. I have
already indicated that the Rand Corporation indicates that health
information technology could save $81 billion a year. Finally, it
includes the comparative effectiveness reserve fund, so that we look at
the technologies and approaches being used across this country on how
we could save money by using the best practices in health care.
[[Page S6223]]
We think this is a responsible budget, one that meets the needs of
the American people. We believe it merits our colleagues' support.
Before I yield the floor, I want to thank my colleague, Senator
Gregg. I acknowledge that we have differences about this budget. That
is healthy. That is the strength of our democracy, that we have a
debate and differences. But I wish to say that Senator Gregg has always
conducted himself as a professional and has been extremely helpful as
we have gone through the process. He and his staff have cooperated with
us closely, while they have disagreed very strongly with respect to
some of the conclusions we reached. I wish to acknowledge the way in
which he and his staff have conducted themselves as we have gone
through this difficult process. I thank him for the many courtesies he
has extended to us as we have gone through the budget resolution this
year.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Hampshire is recognized.
Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, let me begin by returning that appreciation
to the Senator. Obviously, there are strong disagreements on philosophy
and policy, the differences between the parties. The Senator from North
Dakota represents the party of tax-and-spend, and we represent the
party of fiscal responsibility. Those differences are clear.
Independent of those differences, the relationship is friendly,
courteous, and generally cooperative. I believe that if the entire
institution functioned the way the Budget Committee functions, we would
get a lot more done around here.
That being said, I must point out some differences. I am inclined to
almost use the--to paraphrase a quip made by, I think, Mark Twain, but
it might have been Bill Buckley, who said:
I do not wish to insult the Senator's intelligence by
suggesting that he actually believes most of what he just
said.
The fact is that this budget, as proposed, is not a good one. It has
in it the largest tax increase in history. It is a tax increase that is
especially unfortunate because it is going to take place in the context
of a tax law that we finally got right around here, as shown by the
revenues flowing into the Federal Government, and the fact that present
tax law is generating more revenues than, historically, the Federal
Government has received and is doing it in a more progressive way than
has historically been done. High-income people are paying more than
they have historically paid, and low-income people are getting more
back in the way of tax benefits than they have historically gotten.
This bill will basically repeal most of the major tax proposals put
in place in the early part of this administration which generated this
economic recovery which has gone on for 22 months and has caused us to
have 7.4 million jobs created. In fact, the report just came out that
the jobs number fell another 5,000, so that we are literally under
300,000 in jobs claims, which is a number that shows we are even
essentially at full employment. As a nation, we are under 4.4 percent
unemployment. The jobs being created are good jobs, and they are
generating revenues to this Government, which has caused us to have a
huge burst in revenues, which has caused the deficit to come down. That
is all going to be put at risk by the tax increases in this bill.
The tax increases in this bill are going to dramatically affect the
capital gains rate, the dividends rate, the child tax credit, the
education tax credit, the marriage tax penalty relief, and the middle-
class income tax rates. All of those things are in serious jeopardy
and, in fact, will probably end up being repealed under this budget if
it goes forward under the present structure. We will get into that in a
second.
They have created this extremely complex trigger mechanism, which can
be and will be undermined by their own budget, should it go forward,
and will make it impossible for the tax cuts to survive in this
process.
Mr. President, $725 billion of tax increases are in this budget over
5 years. That will be the largest tax increase in the history of the
country, no question about that. In addition, the discretionary
spending in the budget is huge--$205 billion of new discretionary
spending over the President's request, which was very generous, with a
significant increase in spending. It is ironic that, as this left the
Senate, there was less spending than this--still a significant increase
of $140 billion, I think, in spending above the President's request in
the discretionary spending. As it left the House, it was less than
this. I don't even think it was $200 billion. It comes back at $205
billion. That is sort of like a microwave popcorn cooker, where you put
it in the stove and put the House Democrats and the Senate Democrats in
together, and it blows up into a great big huge spending package and a
great big huge deficit--and tax package, too.
The debt goes up under this bill: $2.5 trillion of debt will be added
to the famous ``wall of debt.'' For those of you who haven't seen the
wall of debt, you will see it sometime, somewhere. It is coming. So
there is $2.5 trillion of new debt added.
Remember, on top of that, they are raiding the Social Security fund
to the tune of a trillion dollars. Originally, when the budget left the
Senate, at least the Social Security fund--under their projections,
which are rosy scenarios, to say the least--wasn't going to be raided.
There was going to be an on-balance budget. But now, as it comes back
again from this tax-and-spend microwave called the Senate Democrat/
House Democrat budget conference, which we were not included in, there
is no on-budget surplus. Everything comes out of the Social Security
fund. All this debt is added to our children's backs, and it is going
to have to be paid for by our children.
In addition, there is absolutely no attempt to address the
entitlement crisis we are facing. The fact that our children and our
children's children are going to have to pay a cost they simply will
not be able to afford, in the area of maintaining the benefit
structure, because of the retirement of the baby boom generation and
the fact that costs will actually exceed 20 to 25 percent of gross
national product, just for the programs of Social Security, Medicare,
and Medicaid--and there is no attempt to rein that coming fiscal
meltdown in or to address it--that is totally irresponsible.
In fact, not only is there no attempt to address the coming fiscal
meltdown as a result of the entitlement spending, there is actually a
huge exercise in gamesmanship in this budget, which will allow the HELP
Committee, under the leadership of Senator Kennedy, to dramatically
expand entitlement spending. Instead of reining in entitlement
spending, under this budget there is a proposal to use reconciliation,
which is supposed to reduce the deficit on the spending side of the
ledger, to expand spending and the size of the Federal Government, grow
the Government.
Why do they do that? Because they only need 51 votes under
reconciliation. They could not get that proposal through here. It would
be subject to a filibuster under the regular order. So they used
reconciliation, which should limit the size of government, to expand
government dramatically. That is a very cynical act, in my opinion,
because that was never the purpose of the budget. In fact, there are
some very good quotes from the chairman of the committee reflecting
that exact position--the position I just related.
That brings me back to that statement of Mark Twain--or it could have
been Bill Buckley--who said, ``I will not insult the Senator's
intelligence by suggesting that he actually believes everything he just
said,'' because he didn't believe it, because what he said was the
opposite, that reconciliation should not be used the way it is being
used in this bill.
The Senator from North Dakota made a couple other statements. I think
they were on point when made, but the budget does not reflect these
statements. He said we need to be tough on spending. Yet, in this
budget, there are zero cuts in spending. In fact, this $205 billion
expansion in discretionary spending, entitlement spending, will expand
under the reconciliation instruction also, and under the reserve funds,
the Government will grow dramatically as a percentage of gross national
product. We will bear that burden.
The Senator said:
I am prepared to get savings out of long-term entitlement
programs.
[[Page S6224]]
But there are no savings. There was a representation that they were
going to do $15 billion in savings, but that representation was a
little incomplete because the rest of that should have said: But we are
going to spend $50 billion. So there are actually no savings. I think
it ended up being $30 billion, but it is a net loss in the entitlement
accounts, coupled with this reconciliation exercise, which could be as
high as a $30 billion to $40 billion increase.
He also said:
Here is where we are headed: Debt is up, up, and away.
Yes, it is, under this budget. That was a correct statement. It is
up, up, and away by $2.5 trillion of new debt, which our generation
passes on to the next generation, which is totally inappropriate and
unfair.
He said:
I believe, first of all, we need more revenue.
He at least stuck to that statement. There is $736 billion of new
taxes in this bill. What is the practical effect of a $736 billion tax
increase? Remember, as I outlined before, we have now had 22
consecutive quarters of economic growth--actually, 23 now. That is
pretty darn good. We have added 7.8 million new jobs. That is people
being put to work. How did that happen? It happened, in large part,
because we had an economy that was growing as a result of a tax policy
that said to people in America: Go out, invest, take risks, be
entrepreneurs, create jobs, and we are going to give you a reasonable
return on the money you have invested. This is just called common sense
in human nature. If you tax people at a rate that they appreciate and
is fair, they are going to be willing to take a risk with their money,
go out and invest it and create jobs. If you tax them at a rate they
don't think is fair, they invest in tax shelters and inefficiently use
their money, and as a result, the Government gets less and the economy
doesn't grow as much. In fact, the growth in Federal revenues over the
last few years has exceeded projections and has been dramatically
higher.
The growth in Federal revenues has been in the last 3 years the
highest rate of growth in the history of our country and has
represented huge amounts of revenue coming into the Federal
Government--huge amounts of revenue.
This revenue, of course, has allowed us to reduce the deficit from
what was projected to be $450 billion a couple of years ago, to now
probably falling below $200 billion or probably less than 1 percent of
the gross national product, or somewhere in that range. It is, in large
part, a function of two events: One, the fact these revenues have
jumped so high and, two, this administration has been very aggressive
in controlling nondefense discretionary spending.
But under this proposal that has been brought forward today by our
colleagues on the other side of the aisle, the tax policies which have
generated this economic expansion are targeted for extinction. The
capital gains rate will jump back to almost 30 percent, 35 percent
potentially; dividend rates will jump to 25, 32, 35 percent.
The bottom rate for most taxpayers who are in the low-income end of
the economic scale will be increased, and there will be created a huge
disincentive for people to be productive in our society. We will go
back to the days when it didn't make a whole lot of sense to go out
there and take that risk because the Government was going to take so
much of your money.
We hear a lot on the other side of the aisle: These tax cuts
disproportionately benefit the wealthy in America. I think it is
important to remember this: That under the new tax law, or the tax law
under which we are now functioning, which is generating all these huge
revenues, high-income people pay a larger percentage of the general
burden of income taxes than they did under the Clinton years. The top
20 percent of people paying income taxes is paying 85 percent. Eighty-
five percent of the income tax burden is borne by the top 20 percent.
Under the Clinton years, that same income bracket bore 81 percent of
the tax burden, and the lower end of our economy, people who don't make
quite so much money or don't make a great deal of money, the bottom 40
percent does not pay any income taxes actually on balance. They
actually get money back under the earned-income tax credit, and today
they are getting twice as much back as they did under the Clinton
years.
It is interesting to note, in fact, that in that group, the low-
income household receives far more in Government benefits than they
ever pay in taxes. That is an interesting fact which should be pointed
out, as well as the fact that on the tax side of the ledger, they get
more money back; whereas, the higher income individual, of course, pays
a lot more into the Federal Government than they ever get back from the
Federal Government, and that is what this chart shows.
If your income is up to $23,000, you are going to get about $31,000.
If your income is over $65,000, you are going to pay about $50,000. It
is a very interesting fact that when you take not only the tax burden
to Americans but the benefits which Americans receive, low-income
Americans are, under this Government, under the Bush administration,
getting a huge benefit from the Government in the area of tax benefits
and also benefits which are structured on the basis of income, and
high-income Americans are paying a significant amount more for the cost
of the Government.
So we have a tax structure which is extremely progressive and which
is much more progressive than under the Clinton years. In addition,
this budget, which has such antipathy toward productive Americans,
which essentially says to productive Americans, we don't like you, we
want to tax you some more, in trying to get at those folks who the
other side of the aisle thinks are such scofflaws because they make
money and have income and actually pay 85 percent of the burden of
income taxes in this country, in trying to get at those folks by
raising the dividend tax and raising the capital gains tax, which is
the primary target of the other side of the aisle, they are actually
significantly impacting low-income seniors, or seniors generally, and
this should be common sense because most seniors receive income, other
than Social Security, that is dividend based because they are not
working any longer.
So when the other side of the aisle decides they want to get people
who have dividend income, which is exactly what this budget proposes--
they are going to get those folks because they are the enemy--whom they
are getting, for the most part, are senior citizens. Fifty-one percent
of American seniors have dividend income. So when they decide to double
or triple the dividend tax or 2\1/2\ times increase it, which is what
this bill will do, the people who are going to be impacted are 50
percent of the seniors.
In the area of capital gains, it is also interesting that the same is
true: When they decide to get people who make money by selling assets,
all those wealthy small businessmen, you know, the guy who all his life
worked to build a restaurant, a small company or maybe a gas
station, spent his whole life working to get that business up to a
level where it had some asset value, and then when he or she retires,
they are not going to run it any longer, they are going to sell it,
take those revenues and they are going to use it to live on in their
retirement years or maybe to help their children out, that evil person
who has done that in our society, as the other side of the aisle views
that person, they are going to get them by doubling the capital gains
rate.
Whom do they get? They get people who are 65 to 74 years old. Thirty
percent of those people have capital gains income. People, as they
start to age into the retirement years, start to generate capital gains
income, and it is logical, when you get to that age, you are going to
want to sell those assets which you probably built with the hard sweat
of yourself and your family--a farm or a restaurant or a small
company--so that you can take those assets and live on them in
retirement and live a good retirement life or simply help out your
children as they move forward in their life.
So when they get those people, whom are they getting? They are
getting retirement people with this proposal. They are raising their
taxes.
We are going to hear some of this ``Wizard of Oz'' language about,
well, we really don't raise those taxes, we really don't. There is $180
billion of adjustment that we are going to be able to put toward
capital gains or something else.
[[Page S6225]]
It is a fraudulent statement that it is almost not worth responding
to. But let me move to the factual response, which is this: There is no
capacity in this budget to institute any significant attempt to
continue or to make permanent dividends and capital gains rates. None.
In fact, that $180 billion, were it even to appear, which it will not
under this budget--a point I will get to in a second--would benefit
miscellaneous deductions which are good and right and appropriate but
actually don't help the economy all that much because mostly they are
socially driven. They involve the marriage tax penalty. They involve
children's tax credits, tuition tax credits. They are not like economic
drivers, such as dividend rates and capital gains rates which translate
immediately into better investment of funds. What they have said is: We
will give you that $180 billion if certain events occur in the third
and fourth year of this budget.
This is a real Rube Goldberg exercise. It is one of those things
where you have 16 different moving parts, and you know none of them are
going to work, but you claim they are going to work so you can claim
you are actually going to do something you know is never going to
occur. That is exactly what this is all about.
For this $180 billion to kick in, the Democratic tax trigger requires
the following: A budget resolution--we have the Rube Goldberg chart hot
off the press. That is one of our better charts. It took a little bit
of thought on this one. In order to get this tax cut or any part of it,
the following has to happen: There has to be a budget resolution
promising middle-class tax cuts. That is here. We have that. We are
going to give you the promise; we are just not going to give them to
you. The tax-writing committee marks up the legislation, but it stalls.
Why does it stall? Because the way this thing works is there have to be
offsets that can be found to satisfy the tax cuts, but if the Congress
continues to spend money, that undermines the capacity to reach the
factual obligation which would create the tax cuts.
So you can basically spend your way out of doing the tax cuts, which
is exactly what the budget proposes. It says it promises the tax cuts
and then it proposes $205 billion of new spending in the discretionary
accounts and proposes a huge expansion of spending in the entitlement
accounts. So it essentially guarantees that the trigger, which
allegedly is in place, can't occur to generate the tax cuts because the
spending eats away at the outyear surpluses and, of course, that leads
to the business community getting a little skittish. It leads to the
investors getting a little skittish. It leads to the economy starting
to contract, which leads to a slower rate of growth, which leads to
less tax revenues, which leads to--surprise--they are not going to give
you the tax cuts. It is a self-fulfilling prophecy. It is a trigger
that is guaranteed that when it is pulled, nothing happens. It is
similar to a Rube Goldberg event.
There was some language which I loved--I have to see if I can find
it--that describes this in the budget resolution. It is fascinating. It
is so good it can't be not mentioned here. It defines how we get to
this tax cut. I will find it or my crack staff will. They so want to
destroy the ability to do this tax cut that even in the language of the
budget itself they put in obfuscating language that is filled with
obfuscation, that you know on the basis of it no one takes seriously
the idea of doing the tax cuts. That is reasonable because let's face
it, that is not the philosophy of the party of the other side of the
aisle. The party of the other side of the aisle has shown itself
historically to be a party to believe that it is not your money. It
isn't your money. It is their money. You haven't figured out yet that
you earned it, and you think you should be able to spend it. You
haven't figured out yet that they think you earned it for them and that
the Government should be able to spend it. That has been the philosophy
of this party for a long time. It doesn't change over the years very
much.
Now that they are back in a position of some responsibility--
considerable responsibility; they are the party of both the Senate and
the House--they have the capacity to execute that strategy which is: We
will take your money and we will spend it on what we think is important
because we are smarter than you, we know better what you need and,
therefore, it shouldn't be your money in the first place because you
earned it, the Government has a right to it, and the Government should
make a decision as to how best to handle it.
So it should not come as a surprise to anyone that this budget is
replete with new spending and dramatic expansions in taxes.
I did find--or my crack staff found it, as they always do--the
language which I had seen in the conference report, which is so
interesting it has to be read for the record. This is how this trigger
works. It is written similar to a reserve trust fund, which is, on its
face, a shell event. Almost all these trust funds are shell events. By
the way, these trust funds are structured so that we start out with 5
or 6, now we have 23 of them.
I am sorry, reserve, not a trust fund. A reserve fund, not a trust
fund. I used the wrong term. A very inappropriate term. A reverse
reserve fund.
This is the way it works. In the House, the chairman of the House
Budget Committee will increase the revenue aggregate--in other words,
will take away tax cut revenue--if he determines the future tax relief
legislation--and this is the language I love--does not contain a
provision consistent with the provisions set forth in the joint
statement of the managers.
What does the joint statement of the managers say? The statement of
the managers says that the future tax relief legislation must contain a
provision that makes the tax relief contingent on OMB's projection of a
surplus. The second trigger would turn off the tax cuts unless a
minimum surplus materialized, and the tax cuts can be $179.8 billion or
80 percent of the projected surplus, whichever is less.
Rube Goldberg couldn't have written this language any better. I mean,
this language is designed to fail. It is designed to make sure the
Government gets that money; that you don't get to keep it, and the
Government makes the decision as to where it is spent. It is
unfortunate.
We also have in this budget, regrettably, a total failure to address
the entitlement accounts. Entitlement accounts are by far the most
serious issue we have as a government and as a people, beyond the
threat of being attacked by Islamic extremists with weapons of mass
destruction. Why do I say that? That sounds like a statement that is a
little over the top. Well, it is not. The simple fact is that as the
baby boom generation retires, and it is going to retire--we exist;
there are 80 million of us--we are going to double the size of the
number of retirees in this country.
As I have said before on this floor, and I know the Senator from
North Dakota agrees with me, this system is not structured to handle
the retirement of a generation that is that large. The whole concept of
our system of retirement benefits was that there would be a pyramid.
There would always be many more people who paid into it than took out
of it. That was the genius of Franklin Roosevelt when he created the
Social Security System. In fact, when it started, there were 12 people
paying in for every person taking out in 1950. Today, there are three
and a half people paying in for every one taking out. By the time the
baby boom generation is in full retirement, we will have two people
paying in for every one person taking out.
The practical effect of that will be a meltdown of our system, and
this chart reflects that. I have shown this before because I think this
is probably the most serious issue which we face, beyond the issue of
the threat of Islamic fundamentalism and the terrorist threat they
represent.
Three accounts--Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid--by the
middle of the period 2020, when the full force of the baby boom
retirement is in place, those three programs will absorb 20 percent of
gross national product. Twenty percent of gross national product is
what the Federal Government spends today. Another way to state this is
that at that time the Federal Government will have no money left over
for national defense, education, laying out roads or environmental
protection. All the money will have to go to pay for those three
programs.
But it doesn't stop there. The number continues to go up at a rate
which is
[[Page S6226]]
incredible, and which is totally unsustainable, until it hits about 27,
28 percent of gross national product for those three programs by about
2035. Now, this is a situation which will mean--and it is going to
occur--which will mean, because it is going to occur, that our children
and our children's children--these pages down here, who do such a great
job and who are so personable and put up with our foolishness around
here sometimes--they are going to have to pay a burden in taxes in
order to support our generation. That will make it virtually impossible
for them to have as high a quality of life as we have had in our
generation. They would not be able to buy that home or put their
children through college or have the enjoyment of a lifestyle that
contains discretionary funds because those funds will have to be spent,
through taxes, to support these programs. These three programs.
Regrettably, this budget does nothing--zero--to address this looming
crisis. It is an act that I think fails our obligations as a
generation. We are the governance party now. In the sense that most of
us in this room who serve here today are baby boom members--there are
some who aren't--it is inappropriate for us as a generation not to try
to solve a problem which we are going to create for our children and
our grandchildren. Yet this budget does nothing to do that. In fact, it
aggravates it by suddenly creating this new concept that you can use
reconciliation to expand and grow the size of Government dramatically,
which is exactly what it does, which is unfortunate, and which is a
terrible precedent for us as a government to pursue.
There was a proposal that came from the administration which I
thought was reasonable and which would have reduced the outyear
Medicare liability--the unfunded liability--by almost 25 percent. It
would not have affected recipients except for those at the high end
because all it did was that it impacted recipients, as was suggested,
such as Warren Buffett or retired Senators, for example, who could and
should pay a fair share of the burden of their cost of Medicare Part D.
Under Medicare Part D today, which is the drug program, if you are
retired, it doesn't matter how wealthy you are, you still get the
benefit fully subsidized by working Americans. So that a person who is
working as a waitress or on an industrial line somewhere, or in a gas
station, that person's taxes are subsidizing Warren Buffett's drug
benefit, assuming he takes advantage of Part D, which being a
conservative individual, I think he probably does, although I don't
know whether he does. A retired Senator's drug benefit is subsidized by
a working American today.
Well, that is wrong. I mean, obviously, if you have that type of
income--and what the President suggested was that people who have over
$80,000 of individual income or $160,000 of joint income, which is a
lot of money--you should have to pay the full cost of your drug
benefit, or at least a high percentage of the cost of your drug
benefit. That was rejected. It was rejected by the other side of the
aisle.
What a small step. That would have translated into a very significant
savings in the long run, which was totally reasonable, but which was
simply not pursued or brought to the table by the other side of the
aisle. I mean, if they are going to do reconciliation instructions,
which expands programs in this country dramatically, which is what this
bill does, they ought to at least, on reconciliation, say to the
Finance Committee, make former Senators pay the full cost of the drug
benefit and people with incomes of over $160,000, or a large percentage
of the cost of the drug benefit. But they didn't. They passed
completely on that opportunity, even though it was a totally reasonable
opportunity and something that should be done.
It should be done soon because the problem is--and it reminds me of
that Fram oil filter ad of 10 years ago or so, which said: You can pay
me now or you can pay me later. Well, the ``later'' is going to
bankrupt our children and our children's children. Paying today, fixing
this problem today, translates into long-term huge savings, and it is
certainly something that should be done. But it was passed on in this
budget.
So what is the practical effect of this budget? It is pretty simple.
It is a big-spending, big-taxing, classic budget that comes from the
left. It increases taxes by $730 billion, it increases discretionary
spending by $205 billion, it raises the Social Security fund to the
tune of a $1 trillion, it increases the debt of the Federal Government
by $2.5 trillion, it dramatically expands the obligation which we are
passing on to our children and which our children will have to pay, it
eliminates some tax cuts which have caused this economy to grow and be
vibrant and which have created jobs and generated huge revenues to the
Federal Government, and it fails to even a little bit--by asking former
Senators and wealthy Americans to pay the cost of their drug benefit--
to address the looming crisis which we face as a nation, which is the
Medicare, Social Security burden which we are going to pass on to our
children.
It is not a budget which I would recommend, though I do appreciate
the Senator from North Dakota and his energy in pursuing it.
There is one other small point, in the area of fiscal discipline,
where we hear all this talk of pay-go. They shouldn't call this pay-go.
They should call this ``Swiss cheese go'' because it is targeted to
pick up the things they do not like, such as tax cuts. But the things
they like, they basically exempt from it, such as agricultural
entitlement spending. So it is a choose-the-things-you-like pay-go, or
choose-the-things-you-don't-like pay-go. That enforcement mechanism is
a nice term--it is a term of motherhood--but it is not going to have
much discipline on the spending side of the ledger.
In addition, there are no caps in the outyears. For some reason, even
at these very high spending numbers, which are egregious in their
excess, they have put no caps in for 2009 or 2010. They have them in
there for 2008 but not beyond that. They have expanded advanced
appropriations, which is a way to basically get around caps to begin
with, over what they have traditionally been.
I understand the President has sent up a letter, or his OMB Director
has, and it says they are going to try to discipline the fiscal process
through using the veto on appropriations bills. But we know the
President can also be put in an untenable position because they can
roll all these appropriations into the Defense bill and make it
virtually impossible for the President to aggressively and effectively
use the veto. It shouldn't be up to the President to discipline this
place. We should do it.
There also should be effective points of order retained and carried
out. In fact, the pay-go point of order is so neutralized they decided
they wouldn't do it year by year. They decided to do a 5-year
calculation of pay-go. This is all inside politics around here, or
inside substance, but the practical effect of that is you can take
credit for something you think is going to take effect in the outyears,
when you know that 5-year scoring is sometimes a little sketchy. So you
do spending this year with the claim that you are going to save in 5
years, and you can claim you have avoided pay-go. It is a way to game
pay-go on the spending side of the ledger.
They basically have eviscerated a whole series of what are important
spending restraints around here, or at least they have skewed them in a
way that makes spending more capable of occurring and, of course, tax
cuts will be aggressively disciplined so they can't occur. Because,
after all, it is not your money. It is their money. You have to always
remember that.
This budget is based on the basic theme that it is not your money, it
is the Government's money, and we deign, we deign as a Congress, to
allow you to keep some percentage of what you earn. But most of what
you earn we want, and we are going to spend it. This budget does it
very well.
Mr. President, I yield the floor.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, I detect the Senator was blushing a bit
when he suggested at the beginning of his statement that his party is
the party of fiscal responsibility. Wow. That is breathtaking. Their
party is the party of fiscal responsibility?
Let us look at what has happened on their watch when they controlled
everything. They controlled the House, they controlled the Senate, they
controlled the White House. Here is what happened to the debt on their
watch.
[[Page S6227]]
They have built a wall of debt that is going to take us a generation
to recover from. When this President came to office, at the end of his
first year--we won't hold him responsible for the first year, although
he inherited balanced budgets--the gross debt of the United States
stood at $5.8 trillion. At the end of this year, it is going to be $9
trillion. So they have run up the debt $3 trillion in 5 years. If the
President's plan is followed, in the next 5 years they are going to run
it up to $12 trillion.
Their claim that they have been fiscally responsible is unfortunately
contradicted by the facts. They talk about the performance of the
economy. Let's look at the performance of the economy.
We have looked at what happened in this recovery compared to the nine
previous recoveries, major recoveries since World War II. Here is what
you find. Under this recovery we are running, on revenues, $127 billion
short of the typical recovery since World War II.
On job creation, in the first 75 months, the previous administration,
the Clinton administration, created 18.7 million jobs. In this
administration for the same period, 5.2 million. The Clinton
administration produced three times as many jobs.
On job creation compared to the nine previous recoveries since World
War II, they are 7 million private sector jobs short of what has
happened in the typical recovery.
On business investment, again, compared to the nine recoveries since
World War II, they are 69 percent below the typical recovery since
World War II.
When he talks about this burst of revenue under their fiscal
management, you will notice that all his charts start in the year 2004.
They forgot about 2001, when they were in charge; 2002, when they were
in charge; 2003, when they were in charge. In fact, if you look back on
the revenue of the United States, here is what you see. Tell the
American people the whole story, not just the bits and pieces they talk
about. Back in 2000, the revenue base of the United States was just
over 2 trillion dollars. It has taken us until last year, it has taken
us 6 years to get back to the real revenue base this country had in
2000.
Let's look at their record. The simple fact is, they increased
spending--and they controlled every dime that was spent here. They
increased spending by more than 40 percent. They stagnated the revenue
base. The result was an explosion of debt. That is their record, and it
is indelibly etched in the history of the country. Unfortunately, we
are going to pay a long time.
Mr. DORGAN. Will the Senator yield for a question?
Mr. CONRAD. I am happy to yield.
Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, regarding the first chart the Senator
used, which showed the steps of additional debt, I was intrigued, as I
was walking through the Chamber, to hear our colleague from New
Hampshire say, ``This is your money.'' I understand the origin of that
comment. The implication is we don't have to fund schools and roads and
law enforcement and defense, and so on.
We all have some responsibility to the country, so part of the money
has to go to the Federal Government or State governments to pay for
that. But when he says, ``This is your money,'' should he not also,
when you hold up that chart, say to the American people: This is your
debt? Isn't it the case that in the years in which they ratcheted up
that debt by spending money and not asking for the revenue for it, they
are saying to the American people: We will load you up with some debt,
and by the way, this is your debt. You pay it later. We will probably
be done, but you pay it later. Shouldn't that be the second verse to
that song?
Mr. CONRAD. What they should say is they have become the party of
borrow and spend--because they spent the money. They increased spending
more than 40 percent, but they didn't pay for their spending. Instead,
they put it on the charge card, and they have run up the debt in a way
that is unprecedented in American history.
They will have doubled the debt of the country and doubled foreign
holdings of our debt. I have another chart that shows it took 224 years
and 42 Presidents to run up $1 trillion of U.S. debt held abroad. This
President has more than doubled that amount in 6 years.
That is the record. They can't run away from it because they own it.
When they say there is this huge tax increase--please. This is what
the President said he was going to raise in taxes, $14.826 trillion.
Here is what we raise, $14.828 trillion--virtually no difference.
That is what the President said his budget would raise. CBO has a
little different take on it, the Congressional Budget Office. They show
a difference, over the 5 years, of 2 percent; that we have 2 percent
more money than they are proposing. The important thing about this
budget--we all know we are going to write another budget next year--is
what is the difference for revenue this year between our budget and the
President's budget. Do you know what it is? Zero--nothing. No
difference.
Where is this big world-class tax increase they are talking about?
You certainly can't find it in the budget.
When he talks about spending, here is what has happened to the
spending under our budget. They are the ones who ran up the spending,
increased it 40 percent. We are talking about spending as a share of
gross domestic product, down each and every year under this budget;
from 20.5 percent of GDP in 2008 down to 18.9 percent of GDP in 2012.
We are turning the corner on debt. They have had it explode on their
watch. We are turning the corner and starting to take debt down as a
share of GDP.
I heard a lot of talk about this big increase in spending. Where are
the increases that are in our budget? First of all, we increase the
funding for veterans health care by $6.7 billion over last year. I am
proud of it because we are going to keep the promise that was made to
our Nation's veterans that they were going to receive quality health
care. We have seen the scandal of the veterans being mistreated at
Walter Reed under this administration, on their watch, when they were
in charge. We are going to fix the problems in veterans health care by
putting money where the speeches are.
On education and training, we increase by $3.6 billion because we
understand that investment in our kids' education ought to be a top
priority.
On justice and law enforcement, we add $3 billion because we are not
going to cut the COPS program 94 percent and take police off the street
when those additional 100,000 cops all across America have helped us
reduce rates of crime. The President inexplicably says cut the COPS
program 94 percent. We have rejected that proposal. We say keep the
police on the street. Let's keep our streets safe.
On health care, we can begin to ensure the children of America,
provide them with health insurance.
When we look at the reasons for the increases in spending under the
budget resolution, 34 percent is because of defense and war cost; 25
percent is because of Social Security and Medicare. That is no change
that we have made. It is simply the increased cost of those programs.
We also have a 7-percent increase in veterans' benefits and services,
to take care of veterans health care.
Net interest up 10 percent. That is nothing we did. That is the debt
that this President has run up. We have to pay the bill.
When they talk about this big increase in spending, do you know what
it is? It is 2.6 percent. We have added 2.6 percent over the baseline
to address veterans health care, to address the Nation's needs in
education and health care of our kids. That is exactly what the
American people expect and want us to do.
He says the tax cut will never come about. We have the middle-class
tax cuts and estate tax reform in this proposal. He says none of it
will ever happen because of the trigger. The way the trigger works, the
Office of Management and Budget, controlled by the President, tells us
what they expect the surplus to be in 2012. We can only use 80 percent
of it for tax cuts. That is the way the trigger works.
Under the current scoring by OMB, there is sufficient room, as this
chart shows, to fund all the tax cuts that are in this budget, all the
middle-class tax cuts and the estate tax reform. Under current Office
of Management and
[[Page S6228]]
Budget scoring, if you take 80 percent of their projected surplus in
2012, their projected surplus, or 80 percent of it, in 2012 is $232
billion. The cost of the tax cuts is $180 billion. We can fund the tax
cuts that are provided here, that go to hard-working, middle-class
families, exactly where they ought to go.
He says we are raiding Social Security. He forgot how we got into
this position. We got into this position because this President chose
to provide tax cuts to the wealthiest among us instead of protecting
Social Security. Under the President's plan, he is going to take, from
2008 to 2017, $2.5 trillion of Social Security funds to use it to pay
other bills.
Let me say this. If anybody tried this in the private sector, what
the President is doing, they would be on their way to a Federal
institution, but it would not be the Congress of the United States, it
would not be the White House, they would be on their way to the ``big
house.'' That is a violation of Federal law.
But, unfortunately, they have dug the hole so deep it is going to
take us time to dig out of it. That is exactly what we have done under
this budget because, unlike them, we have balanced the budget by 2012.
Unlike the President, who even now has not balanced the budget by
2012--under his proposal, we would still be $30 billion in the red by
2012. We balance the budget by 2012 and have a $41 billion surplus.
That is a real American value, paying your bills.
When they say their tax relief has somehow magically benefitted the
middle class at the expense of the most wealthy among us--whoa, there
is a whopper. Here is what happened. The millionaires of our society--
and I have respect for those who have succeeded. I applaud them. I am
delighted at their success. I hope everybody is financially successful.
But when they somehow say the middle class has been the ones who have
gained by their tax policy and not those at the highest end of the
income ladder, come on. I don't know whom they think they are fooling
with that one. Here are the facts. This is according to the Urban-
Brookings Tax Policy Center. Those earning more than $1 million in
2006--this is not a projection, this is what happened in 2006--those
earning over $1 million a year got, on average, a tax cut of $118,000.
Those earning between $100,000 to $200,000 got $3,700 dollars. Those
earning less than $100,000 got less than $700. Please. There is no
question who are the primary beneficiaries of these tax cuts. It has
overwhelmingly gone to the wealthiest among us.
I am not being critical of the wealthy. I absolutely applaud their
success. One of the great things about America is if you work hard and
you are inventive and entrepreneurial, you can succeed. That is a great
thing about America. We want to preserve it. One of the ways we
preserve it is to pay our bills and quit running up the debt and quit
running these massive deficits. That is why we worked hard to balance
this budget by 2012. The President, even now, has not presented a plan
that balances by 2012.
I have already talked about the things that are done within the long
term. We have these reserve funds that were in our budget. But let's
reflect--our friends on the other side, they criticize reserve funds.
Here are all the reserve funds they had in their budget, reserve fund
after reserve fund, and they criticize the ones that are in our budget?
Please. That is the pot calling the kettle black.
Finally, with respect to the long term, I have said repeatedly, this
is one place where Senator Gregg and I entirely agree. We have to
tackle the long-term entitlement challenges--absolutely. The only way
that is going to happen is bipartisan agreement. Neither party can
tackle the long-term challenges on their own.
This is a 5-year budget resolution. Our long-term entitlement plan
problems are 10- and 15-year problems.
The sooner we deal with it the better. But the budget resolution is
not going to be the place because only one party is carrying the burden
there. It has got to be a joint agreement between the two parties. That
is why, along with Senator Gregg, he and I have proposed a plan to
give, to empower, 16 Members--8 Democrats, 8 Republicans--the
responsibility to come up with a long-term plan that would be dealt
with separate from a budget resolution.
With that, Mr. President, I notice the Senator from Washington is
here. I do not know whether the Senator----
Mr. ALLARD. Mr. President, I would like to have an opportunity to
make some comments, if I might. Traditionally, we have always
alternated this back and forth.
Mr. CONRAD. How much time would the Senator require?
Mr. ALLARD. Probably about 15 minutes.
Mrs. MURRAY. If I can have about 5 minutes before the Senator goes, I
would appreciate it. If not, I will come back.
Mr. CONRAD. We can then go to two people on that side.
Mr. ALLARD. Fine.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Washington.
Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I just wanted to come to the floor for a
few minutes today and talk about the budget that is before us now. It
reflects a lot of work. It reflects the priorities of families across
this country. Importantly, it returns fiscal responsibility to
Washington, DC. It invests in critical needs of all Americans.
I am very proud to be able to say I support it. It is tough and it is
strong, which is exactly what we need to be doing today in the United
States.
First and foremost, I do want to thank our chairman, Senator Conrad,
on his work on this most difficult task. I have served with him through
this process time and time again. I am always amazed and impressed by
his thoughtfulness, his attention to detail, and, of course, his
amazing charts. He always works well, along with his partner from the
House, Congressman Spratt, to help us establish priorities of which all
Americans can be proud.
Writing a budget of this size and scope is not easy, but Senator
Conrad has again proven this year he is up to the task. I am proud to
call him a colleague and a friend.
Mr. President, Senator Conrad and all of us as Democrats want a
budget that reflects the priorities of American families. We do that in
this budget by investing here at home--in our schools, in our
infrastructure, and in our communities. We still provide every dollar
the President asks for defense spending over the next 5 years.
At the same time, Americans want us to return to fiscal
responsibility in Washington, DC. Every family knows the importance of
balancing their own checkbooks and paying their own bills. They expect
us, the Federal Government, to be responsible with their money as well.
Unfortunately, as Senator Conrad pointed out, for too many years
under Republican control we have seen a failure to manage those
taxpayer dollars. Year after year, they have produced some of the
largest debts this country has ever seen. This budget, our budget, says
``no more.''
Our plan does include strong pay-as-you-go rules, and that means we
are being responsible for today and not burdening our grandchildren
with future debt. In fact, this budget produces a $41 billion surplus
by 2012. I really want to say we owe Senator Conrad a debt for keeping
us fiscally responsible yet investing in the right priorities, and
still producing a surplus by 2012.
We recognize in this budget that American families want relief from
taxes as well. This budget supports middle-class tax relief. It extends
marriage penalty relief, child tax credit, and supports reform of the
estate tax just to make sure that we protect small business and family
farms, and, importantly, provides relief from the alternative minimum
tax for 1 year, a tax that increasingly is a burden on middle-class
families.
I am especially proud of what we have done in this budget that pays
attention, finally, to our veterans when they come home. From stories
we have heard of veterans who have been struggling to get mental health
care for post-traumatic stress disorder, to some who had to wait months
if not years to get the benefit checks they so need, or the lack of
focus on traumatic brain injury, the signature issue of this war that
is affecting thousands and thousands of our soldiers who have returned
home.
What we have seen clearly is the President has not adequately funded
veterans care. This budget reverses
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that terrible trend and provides $43.1 billion for addressing those
problems. That is a critical component of this budget that every Member
of this Senate ought to vote for.
Importantly, our budget rejects the President's proposal to impose
new fees and higher copayments on veterans. The President's budget that
came to us said that he wanted to impose fees and copays on the
veterans themselves to pay for veterans health care. We say no. We say
these men and women have paid the price by serving us. We are not going
to charge them again.
Very importantly, we keep the promise to our Nation's heroes and
restore that by saying we will not impose fees on our veterans to
balance this Nation's budget.
This budget also invests in critical port security needs. I was very
proud to work last year on a bipartisan basis to pass the Safe Ports
Act. But that bill did not adequately fund the critical infrastructure
we need to keep our ports safe. This bill begins that process.
We have increased funding for the Safe Ports Act, which means more
radiation detection centers at our Nation's ports, more partners in
safe trade, and importantly, the personnel, custom officials to make
sure this bill actually works.
On education, our budget reverses the painful cuts that we have seen
year after year to education and provides the largest increase in
funding for elementary and secondary education programs in 5 years.
Like all of my colleagues, I have been home. I have listened to my
teachers, my administrators, my parents, and students at home who tell
us the lack of funding in the promise to No Child Left Behind has
hindered them from being able to do the right thing, to make sure our
children get a good education.
Our budget, this budget that is before us, increases Department of
Education funding by $9.5 billion above the President's request and
keeps the promise we made when No Child Left Behind was enacted.
As a parent, a former teacher, I know the importance of investing in
our children's education. I am very proud this budget does just that.
This budget also provides very important funding for SCHIP; that is
the program that Senator Conrad talked about which is the children's
health insurance program. Everyone talks about the incredible burden of
health care in this country and who it is impacting most, our Nation's
children. This budget expands health care coverage to nearly 6 million
children.
Certainly, in this country today that ought to be our top priority.
That is what Democrats are saying in the budget before us. We provided
a very important step forward for American children with the investment
in this budget.
I think it is important to note that in 3 of the last 5 years, the
Republican majority failed to pass a budget. They had a much larger
majority than we do here in the Senate today, and we saw what happened
when a budget did not happen: historic debts that were passed on to our
children and grandchildren.
Well, last November, in the election, Americans demanded a change. I
believe this budget reflects that call. It returns fiscal
responsibility to Washington, DC and, importantly, ensures our Nation's
priorities are addressed. I am very proud to support this bill. I
encourage all of our colleagues to do so.
Mr. President, I yield the floor.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from North Dakota.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, I thank Senator Murray for the
extraordinary contributions she has made to this budget resolution.
There is no more valuable member of the Senate Budget Committee than
Senator Murray. She was a conferee. She has participated throughout the
committee's deliberations on this budget.
Again, there is no one who played a more constructive role than
Senator Murray. She has been a fierce advocate for education, for
expansion of children's health care coverage, and for the
transportation needs of the United States. So I thank Senator Murray
for her very thoughtful participation in the deliberations of the
Budget Committee.
I also want to take this moment to thank my colleague, Senator
Allard, again for his courtesy.
I yield the floor.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Colorado is
recognized.
Mr. ALLARD. Mr. President, first of all, I thank the chairman for his
leadership on the Budget Committee and willingness to work with
Republicans, to a certain degree, and I do appreciate his leadership.
We have a difference of opinion. I think these are reflected in the
budget. I also recognize the ranking Republican, Judd Gregg. I think he
has it just right. I would like to associate myself with many of the
comments he made on the Senate floor because I agree with him.
If you have been listening to this debate and what the Democrats on
the other side of the aisle have been saying, you may be getting as
confused as I am. You know, I listened to this debate, and it seems as
though they want the argument all ways--at least four ways.
They want to argue that they are not increasing taxes but yet are
increasing taxes. They want to argue that they are holding down
spending, but yet they want to take credit for all of this spending
they put in the budget. So I think that is confusing.
I think we are missing an opportunity to do more for future
generations than what is reflected in this budget. In fact, I think
this is a budget that is a disaster in the making for future
generations. It took the majority Democrats only 4 months and 15 days
to figure out how to raise taxes. Now, they say they are not raising
taxes. But taxes are going to go up because of inaction on their part,
because they make the rules and the procedures around here in the
Senate so complicated that there is not going to be an opportunity for
those of us who want to see taxes held down to make that effort without
these very high hurdles.
They want to ignore the fact that the U.S. economy has done well; it
has grown and prospered over the past several years with the creation
of 7.9 million new jobs and tax revenues that have outpaced projections
by $300 billion.
The economy has experienced smooth sailing, frankly. Now Democrats
are about to pass a huge, bloated budget that will act as a heavy
anchor weighing down our economy.
The Democrats do not want to recognize the fact that after we reduced
taxes the economy grew. We have had this argument over the years in the
Budget Committee, and with the now majority leader on the Budget
Committee who does not want to recognize that when you are reducing
taxes you actually have an opportunity to increase revenues,
particularly when we start with a high tax rate.
If we look at what has happened with taxes before, the President came
through with his economic growth packages, he had two growth packages,
our economy was struggling, and we just finished, in 2001, what we
call--the high-tech bubble had burst, the economy was regressing, and
we had the 9/11 catastrophe. We had the war on terrorism. We moved into
a time when we had a record hurricane year.
But despite all of those negative impacts, the economy did well. I
can recall during the last part of the 1970s when we had high energy
prices and we had a struggling economy. Remember, we got into double-
digit inflation, double-digit unemployment. We referred to all of this
as the misery index because our economy wasn't doing too well.
Most of that was attributed to the fact that energy prices were so
high. But look at today and look where energy prices are and look at
how the economy continues to grow, which I think speaks to the strength
of the economic package that the President has put in place with the
help of a Republican Congress.
What we did was reduce taxes in those areas where we thought we could
really focus, particularly targeting the small business sector of our
economy. That is where innovation occurs. That is where you can expect
the greatest economic growth when you have right tax policy.
One of the things we did that really targeted the small businesses
was we increased the amount of expenditures that they could write off
so that small businesses make investments in their
[[Page S6230]]
business, maybe it was computers, maybe it was--if they were in
construction maybe it was a Bobcat. But it impacted all segments of
small business.
The economy responded, and it is still responding. But this
particular plan we have before us--and that is what this budget is, it
is a plan. It is a plan that is put together by the House and the
Senate. It is not anything that is signed by the President. It is an
agreement.
So, now, in 4 months and 15 days, they have had this plan that lays
out a pact to increase taxes.
It increases discretionary spending at least $205 billion over the
President's request over 5 years. The debt increases $2.5 trillion over
5 years, and we don't do anything on mandatory spending. We had several
hearings in the Budget Committee about the problem with entitlements,
which is mandatory spending--Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid--
and how we needed to control future obligations in those programs
because they are getting ready to bankrupt the country. We had
testimony in front of the Budget Committee that said the way those
programs are currently designed is unsustainable. It is completely
ignored in this 5-year plan that has been put out on how they are going
to grow the economy. I think it is headed in the wrong direction. It is
going to be a disaster for future generations.
The Democratic budget contemplates a huge tax increase. The argument
was made from the other side, as always, if you want to increase taxes,
you blame the rich because they are making too much money. But
everybody ignores the fact that the top 20 percent of taxpayers are
paying 85 percent of the taxes. The bottom 40 percent is actually
getting a refund, a handout from the Government. It is easy to point to
the wealthy and say: They are not paying enough. But in reality, they
are already paying a lot. If we allow the Republican tax plan to expire
without taking any future action, the result is going to be a negative
impact on our economy. I believe that.
This budget spends $23 billion over what the President suggested as
far as discretionary spending for 2008, totaling about $82 billion over
2007. The budget spends $205 billion over the President's discretionary
spending over 5 years. Entitlement spending grows unchecked by $416
billion over 5 years. It creates reserve funds. We did create a few
reserve funds, but we didn't create 23 reserve funds, which is an
opportunity to build a shield of smoke and mirrors, which allows
spending to go on unchecked. I am concerned about the opportunity we
are giving various committees to spend.
If we do this right, we can do a lot of things that will restrain
spending, will hold down taxes, and actually provide for future
generations of Americans. I am disappointed we haven't done more in
those areas. In fact, we haven't done anything but move in the wrong
direction.
I had an amendment I offered in the committee and on the floor that
said: Let's look at the ineffective programs. This President, to his
credit, has put together what they call the PART Program. PART goes
into the various agencies and evaluates their programs. Then they rate
them. Was it effective? Was it moderately effective? Is it ineffective,
or have they made no effort at all? You can easily look into these
programs where they didn't make an effort at all to try and establish a
process where there is accountability in the way they spend tax
dollars, or they can go into a program that was rated ineffective. I
said: You know, if we go ahead and reduce spending by 25 percent on
some of those ineffective programs, in the first year of this budget we
could save about $4 billion, which is minimal, when you think about it,
out of a total budget of $2.9 trillion. Over 5 years, that would amount
to about a $17 billion reduction in debt, a relatively easy thing we
could have done. We ignored that opportunity, as we ignored the
opportunity to do something about entitlement spending. We talked about
it and talked about it. This could have been a budget that actually
called for some action. We have ignored all the recommendations of the
hearings and gone ahead with business as usual--increasing taxes,
increasing spending.
The Democratic budget literally ignored the entitlement crisis. They
have done some manipulation so they can talk four ways about how they
are not increasing taxes but in reality they are, about how they are
holding down spending but in reality they are increasing spending much
more than what Republicans are supporting. It would have been
interesting to have seen how they would have created a budget during
those 3 years the chairman of the Budget Committee criticized
Republicans, when we had 9/11, we had the Internet bubble break, and we
had record hurricanes. We had a lot of pressure on our budget. As
Republicans, we did a good job. Those were tough times. This budget and
these economic times are much better. This was an opportunity for us to
do something to hold down spending. We could have done something to
hold down the taxes so we could sustain our phenomenal economic growth.
Let me talk about one other issue. If you notice, when the Democrats
talked about spending, they talked about it as a percent of gross
domestic product. That is an easy argument to make. This economy has
done so well that the gross domestic product is growing at a phenomenal
rate. So you can increase spending at a phenomenal rate, and your
figures can still look good. When you talk about spending as a
percentage of gross domestic product, you are not talking about what is
happening in the budget. You need to talk about it in terms of real
figures from year to year and within the 5-year window of this budget.
When you do, we have a tax increase of $736 billion. You have increased
discretionary spending by $205 billion, debt by $2.5 trillion, and done
nothing as far as entitlement spending is concerned.
I will not vote for this budget. I encourage my colleagues to join
me. We can do better. This budget forgets about future generations, and
we should do better on their behalf. That is the reason I came to the
Congress, because I believed it was important that we eliminate deficit
spending.
By the way, he talks about eliminating deficit spending by 2012. If
we worked on it, I think we could have gotten rid of deficit spending
in 2 years, with the current rate of growth and current incoming
revenue, if we had only made the effort. But this budget ignores that
effort. We continue to spend and tax as usual.
I am disappointed in this particular budget. We could have done much
better. I think it is a disaster for future young Americans. Hopefully,
this budget will not pass, and we can have another budget that deals
more seriously with the future of this country and the future of
America.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. McCaskill). The Senator from South
Dakota.
Mr. THUNE. Madam President, the conference report on the fiscal year
2008 budget resolution isn't only about a bunch of numbers; it is about
our priorities for America. It is about our vision for America. A
budget in a lot of ways is like a checkbook. A checkbook tells us about
an individual's priorities. This is our national checkbook. It tells us
where we are and where we want to go as a nation.
The proponents of this budget are proud of their budget, claiming it
is fiscally responsible, it reduces the deficit, it makes hard choices,
and leads to a balanced budget. Opponents of the budget resolution say
it is nothing of the sort. It adds spending, raises taxes, does nothing
about long-term entitlement programs and the crisis America faces
there. They say it is a tax-and-spend budget doomed to fail because it
grows the Government, slows the economy, and will fail to balance the
budget. The question for the American people is, who is right. This is
no trivial matter. It is not just about our Government's finances and
the Nation's prosperity; it is about our jobs and paychecks. It is
about our family's budget. It is about our hopes and dreams. So who is
right? Is this a tax-and-spend budget or a fiscally responsible budget?
In America, everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but not everyone
is entitled to their own facts.
Fortunately, we have plenty of facts by which to judge this budget.
We have the facts of the budget, the facts of history, and the hard
facts of the IRS form 1040 to determine exactly what this budget is and
exactly what this budget does for American taxpayers and families.
[[Page S6231]]
I believe a reasonable review of those facts will, sadly, conclude
this is, in fact, a tax-and-spend budget, that it is based upon
hundreds of billions of new spending, and almost a trillion dollars of
new taxes, that it will grow the Government and slow the economy, and
that it will fail to balance the budget because no tax-and-spend budget
ever has, that it is diametrically opposed to the only solution we
factually know to successfully balance the budget, and that is to cut
spending and reduce taxes.
How do I reach that conclusion? It begins with two facts of any
budget: What does the Government spend? What does the Government tax?
From this budget we can tell three things about spending. First, we
know every dime the Government is spending today. This budget says what
the Government will spend tomorrow plus more to account for inflation
and population and whatever other factors come into play. This budget
does not require a single program termination, not a single program
reduction, not a single program freeze. So we know spending doesn't go
down. It goes up in a business-as-usual approach.
Next we also know new spending is added, over $200 billion in new
spending over the next 5 years with no offset. Finally, we know there
are some 24 reserve funds added where billions of new spending can be
added. Some of them allow for tax relief, but mostly they add new
spending programs or expand existing ones.
The authors of the budget will tell us that any of these new
initiatives have to be offset with either spending cuts or new taxes.
Given the fact that not one penny of spending is cut in this budget and
that billions of new spending is added, I don't think we can expect to
see any future spending cuts. That only leaves one thing to pay for it,
and that is taxes.
Thus we see every penny of existing Government kept, we see billions
of new spending, and we see promises of even more new spending beyond
that. However, to be fair, the Democrats do point to one spending cut
they may do. They point to provisions, so-called reconciliation
instructions, to cut education spending by $750 million over a 5-year
period. They want to use the reconciliation process so the provision
cannot be filibustered. So to get this straight, out of a budget of
$2.542 trillion this year, out of CBO estimated spending of $12
trillion, $37 billion over the next 5 years, the Democrats are going to
try and squeeze $750 million out of savings. That is six one hundred
thousandths of 1 percent.
This may turn out to become a spending cut, but consider two facts:
First, the $750 million cut that might occur is dwarfed by $205 billion
in new spending that is scheduled to occur. Second, that $750 million
cut is a spending cut not to shrink Government but to actually grow
Government.
The education reconciliation instruction is part of an effort to
transfer subsidies that private lenders give to student loans and put
the Government back in control of student loans. It is a cut not to
shrink Government but a cut to shrink the private sector and expand the
Government.
So in this budget, what do we have on the spending side? Well, as I
said before, we have no spending cuts, no terminations, no freezes. We
have $204 billion, $205 billion in new spending. We have numerous new
spending initiatives promised, and the single, potential cut is
infinitesimally small, is a fraction of new spending and is designed to
use a special process to shrink private lenders and expand Government
lending.
On the basis of no spending cuts, billions of new spending, promises
of even more spending, and a miniscule cut that is actually a
Government expansion--from all that--I think any reasonable person
could conclude this budget spends more and more.
But what about taxes, the second part of our equation? Does this
budget raise taxes? Does it help or harm taxpayers? Democrats insist
there are no tax hikes in this budget. No one's taxes are going to go
up, they assure us. But is that true?
If you are kind of boring and you care about budget numbers, you
might come up with a different answer. If you are a taxpayer and know
what it means to fill out your IRS Form 1040, you definitely will not
agree with that assessment.
For those who care about the budget, here are the facts. Every budget
passed since 2001 has excluded from its future revenue levels the tax
cuts that were passed in 2001. In fact, each budget has excluded the
revenue reductions from the 2001 tax relief, the 2003 tax relief, and
the 2005 tax relief.
These budgets did not count as Federal tax revenue any of those
revenues transferred back to taxpayers by those three tax cuts.
Instead, every budget said the tax cuts are in your family's budget and
not in the Government's budget; that is, until now.
This budget says those tax cuts are no longer part of your family's
budget, but they are now part of the Federal Government's budget. Money
cannot have two masters, and this budget says the money going to your
tax cut has a new master, and it is not you, it is the Government.
In fact, over the next 5 years, some $736 billion in tax relief that
Americans enjoyed yesterday and today to pay their bills, to feed their
families, to invest in their dreams, will not be in their families'
budgets tomorrow but in the Federal Treasury's coffers.
By transferring $736 billion of tax relief you enjoy today out of
your families' budgets into the Government budget, the Federal
Government revenue baseline makes a huge leap, and from that a deficit
projected at $229 billion in 2012 suddenly becomes a surplus.
Do tax hikes account for that swing in the deficit? We know spending
has not been cut. In fact, we know spending is going up. So the only
reason the budget could swing from a deficit to a surplus in 2012 is
because something has happened on the revenue side. Judging how big the
deficit swings to surplus, something big must have happened on the
revenue side in this budget, and the facts bear that out.
At $736 billion, that tax hike in this budget is not only the biggest
tax hike in history, but it is more than double the largest tax hike in
history. In fact, this tax hike is two times the record tax hike of
$293 billion that was enacted back in 1993 by President Clinton and a
Democratic Congress.
In fact, it is interesting to note, because we are talking about $736
billion in the conference report, if you look at the House-passed
budget resolution when it left the House and went into conference, the
tax increase was $917 billion. At that level, that would exceed and be
greater than all the revenues collected to run all the Federal
Government budgets for 156 years--from 1789 to 1957, from Washington to
Eisenhower. It is a huge tax hike. So from a budgetary perspective, we
know that spending goes up, and we know taxes go up. It is not the
Government that will be spending less. The only folks spending less
under this budget will be the American taxpayers.
That leads to the next tax hike test: the view of the taxpayer. This
one is easier, but it is also more painful, as we look at the IRS Form
1040 that most of us filled out a month ago. We can ask the hard
question--those of us who filled out the Form 1040 in the last few
weeks or months--if losing various tax changes constitutes a tax hike
in the mind of the average taxpayer.
So let's take a look at the Form 1040 and the tax changes this budget
is specifically based upon and would include.
Now, obviously, as I said earlier, the House-passed version was a
$917 billion level. The report that has come out of conference is at a
$736 billion increase in taxes. But if you look at it on a Form 1040,
you can see--when we started this process, when the budget was passed
earlier this year--it eliminated the marriage penalty relief that was
enacted a few years back.
It took the dividend income and capital gains income a lot of people
have realized when they have sold stocks, or perhaps seniors in
particular who have dividend income, and it takes the increase, or the
rate on dividend income, from 15 percent--boom--up to 39.6 percent.
Capital gains as well--as shown right down here on the form--if you
look at capital gains, which currently is taxed at a 15-percent rate,
that is going up. Your tax rate, right there, is also going up to 20
percent. So you have dividend income and capital gains income tax rates
going up in both those areas in this budget.
Now, if you turn to the next page of the tax form, you can see other
areas in the budget where taxpayers are also going to see increases.
[[Page S6232]]
The Senate Democrats in the conference have restored a few of the
Senate-passed items in the Tax Code, which I will get back to in a
moment. But where we started out in this whole thing was we saw the
standard deduction, itemized deduction, mortgage interest deduction,
charitable contribution deduction--all those sorts of things that
normally taxpayers are able to take--those went down. If you look at
the credit for childcare, which is $1,000 today, and in the original
budget, that would have gone down to $500, so you would have seen a
decrease in that area of the Tax Code.
If you look down to the earned-income tax credit, which a lot of our
men and women in uniform, our soldiers, are able to take advantage of,
that, too, would have been slashed and gone down.
You can go up and down this Tax Code, and you can pretty much see
every area in the Tax Code that was addressed in 2001, 2003, 2005--the
tax relief that has been provided to the American taxpayer--those tax
cuts are all going to expire and tax rates and everything else is going
to go back up.
Now, the last chart I wish to show you is the tax rate schedule,
which I think is also important. I am going to come back to this in a
minute because, in fairness to my colleagues on the other side, they
attempted, in the Senate resolution, to restore, put back, some of this
tax relief.
But if you look at the original proposal, as it came forward from the
House, the 10-percent lowest tax rate in the rate schedule, which
benefits the lowest income taxpayers in this country, would have been
slashed all the way through, completely cut, gone--no 10-percent rate.
Now, as I said, in fairness to the Democrats in the Senate, they put
that back in, in an amendment, or at least they have alleged to have
put it back in at some point, so some of these tax relief items that
were knocked out in the House budget resolution get restored.
But the one thing that is clear--they may have done something that,
as I said, only time will tell if we are actually going to realize that
benefit and have the 10-percent rate restored--the one thing that is
clear is that in the tax rate schedule, every other tax rate is going
to go up.
So today, if you are paying at the 25-percent rate, your taxes are
going to go up to the 28-percent rate. If you are paying at the 28-
percent rate, your taxes are going to go up to the 31-percent rate. If
today you are paying at the 33-percent rate, your taxes are going to go
up to 36 percent--from 33 percent up to 36 percent. If you are paying
at the high rate--the 35-percent tax rate--today, when this is all said
and done, your tax rate is going to go up to 39.6 percent.
So as you can see throughout the entire rate schedule--this is even
assuming the 10-percent rate gets restored for low-income taxpayers--
for every other taxpayer in this country, every other rate in the rate
schedule will go up.
What does that mean? That means higher taxes for a lot of Americans
across this country. On this basis, I think it is fair to say that
typical taxpayers are going to say, yes, these changes constitute a tax
hike on them.
Senate Democrats insist there is no tax hike in this budget. So who
is right, the taxpayers or the Senate Democrats in their budget? Well,
my colleague from North Dakota sees the Democratic budget probably less
like a taxpayer, maybe more like a Budget Committee chairman. But this
budget, as it was originally proposed, as I said, got rid of the 1,000
tax credit, the 10-percent rate. It got rid of the death tax relief we
were going to experience. Their claim now is they put an amendment in
the Senate budget, which was adopted in conference, that will restore
$180 billion of tax relief that this budget assumed would expire.
Now, if, in fact, there is no tax increase in this budget, why was it
necessary to go through the exercise of having an amendment to extend
the existing tax relief, such as the 10-percent tax bracket or the
child tax credit, or some of the death tax relief that was enacted a
few years ago and that will expire in a few years? I think the Senate
Democrats saw billions of tax hikes in this budget, such as the
taxpayers did, and decided to extend some but not all the tax relief
this budget would allow to expire.
Now, by the action of the Baucus amendment that was adopted here,
there was an admission, I believe, by the Democrats that billions and
billions of dollars of what average taxpayers would call tax hikes
actually are in the Democratic budget. If that were not true, we would
not have needed an amendment, the Baucus amendment, to attempt to
restore some of the tax relief that is set to expire in a few years
constituting, as I said earlier, the largest tax increase in American
history.
So it looks to me like what happened was an attempt to try and
camouflage or disguise what clearly is a very large tax increase on the
American people. No matter how they try--we will put this other chart
up here--this budget cannot camouflage or disguise the extent to which
taxes are going to go up on the American people.
The purpose of this whole exercise in having an amendment that
allegedly would, as I said, restore some of the tax relief, was to
provide a figleaf, not for the taxpayers in this country but for the
tax raisers right here in the Congress.
Again, I wish to illustrate this was the $916 billion in new taxes
that came out of the House budget resolution. The bill that left here,
the Senate, and which is in the conference report we have before us
today, as I said earlier, attempts to restore some of that tax relief.
So what did our colleagues on the other side do? They took a figleaf
and said: We want to provide some cover for people here in the Congress
who want to see taxes go up. Yet with the American people, what the
American people see is a figleaf because this is a figleaf for the tax
raisers and provides no cover whatsoever for the taxpayers; that is,
the American people.
So even if you say we are going to restore the 10-percent tax rate,
some of the death tax benefit that would accrue--and if not extended
would expire--even if we do some of these other things they say they
have done in their budget, you cannot address all the additional tax
increases that are going to happen in this budget.
Let's say you cover some of the child tax credit, let's say you do
some of the death tax repeal, let's say you even provide some of the
marriage penalty relief that was enacted in 2001 and 2003 and allow
that to be restored, you still just make a small dent in the overall
tax increase of $900 billion.
So what do we have? We have $180 billion basically put back,
restored, to try to provide a cover or some figleaf for over $900
billion in tax increases. So what we have ended up with is a $736
billion increase as opposed to a $900 billion increase.
So the bottom line in all this is, the amendment that passed the
Senate--the $180 billion in the conference report--provides some level
of coverage. It provides a little cover. There is a little figleaf of
coverage there. But in the end, for the American taxpayer, it is about
one-fifth of the expected tax hike, and it looks pretty doubtful we
will even realize that.
So let me, if I might, say--looking at the other chart on the Form
1040--even if you assume the Democratic amendment puts that $180
billion of figleaf coverage back in there and does something about the
child tax credit--which was $1,000 and went down to $500, but they say
it goes back to up to $1,000--you are still going to pay more taxes
because you are going to lose some of your mortgage interest deduction
in the area of itemized deductions. Let's say they did something on the
alternative minimum tax which they say they help correct in their $180
billion fig leaf amendment, but you still are going to pay higher taxes
on line 43 because your tax rates are going up.
So the point of this whole thing is that in the Tax Code, if you look
at a typical 1040 and you are a taxpayer, it is very clear what is
happening here. If you are a tax-raiser in Washington, DC, obviously
you come to a very different conclusion. But if you are someone who is
out there and you are looking at the Tax Code and you are looking at
your 1040--and let's just pop up this other chart for these purposes
one last time--and you are going through this exercise and you say: OK,
gee whiz, they gave us the marriage penalty relief back, well, you are
still going to see, if you have dividend income, that
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going from the 15-percent rate up to the 39.6-percent rate. You are
also going to see capital gains rates--if you have any kind of a mutual
fund or anything like that which shows a capital gain, your tax rate is
going to go from 15 percent up to 20 percent. You can't deny what is
the reality of this whole exercise.
The other thing I will point out is that if you look at what works in
terms of balancing a budget, it is pretty clear this formula isn't the
one that works.
Back in 1997, I was a Member of the House of Representatives, and at
that time, as we went through the process of balancing the budget, we
had a Republican Congress, a Democratic President, and they agreed to a
balanced budget plan that actually got the job done. In fact, the
Republican budget plan President Clinton signed into law had two
primary features: It had spending cuts of $263 billion, and it had $95
billion in tax cuts. So what did it do? It cut spending and it cut
taxes. What was the result of that? Well, we saw the economy grow, we
saw Government revenues grow, and pretty soon we were running
surpluses.
This budget is very different from that one. This budget has $205
billion of new spending and, as I said earlier, $736 billion in new
taxes.
So in 1997 when we had record spending cuts--$263 billion over a 5-
year period, and tax cuts of $95 billion over a 5-year period--we saw a
good result. We saw an economy that started to grow, we saw the
Government start generating surpluses, and that is the exact opposite
model of what we are talking about here today. We are talking about a
budget today that increases spending by $200 billion a year, that
increases taxes by $736 billion a year, and I think that ends up being
a formula for higher spending, higher taxes, and a slower growing
economy.
This budget is the mirror opposite of what was done in 1997 and
yielded the good results that came as a result of a Republican Congress
working with President Clinton at that time to get a balanced budget
which actually cut taxes, which cut spending. Spending went down, taxes
went down, the economy grew, we saw more Government revenue, and that
is exactly what we would like to see out of this budget. But, as I said
earlier, this budget is the mirror opposite of that budget. This budget
increases taxes, it increases spending, and my fear is we are going to
see the Government grow--which it will--and we are going to see the
economy slow. I hope that doesn't happen, but I don't think, when you
increase spending in Washington, DC, and grow the Government and
increase and raise taxes, you are going to see the kind of effect on
the economy we saw in 1997 when we cut Government spending and cut
taxes.
I appreciate the opportunity to come speak to this budget resolution.
I will join with many of my colleagues in opposing this because I
believe it is the wrong formula for America's future. Higher spending,
higher taxes, and more government is not what this economy needs, and
it is not what the taxpayers of America need--the people who fill out
those 1040s every single year. We ought to keep them in mind because
they are the ones who are paying the bills.
With that, I yield the floor.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, the Senator has a vivid imagination. I
don't know what these charts refer to, but they certainly don't refer
to the conference report that is before the body now. He has mixed up
so many different proposals that have been before various bodies, but
he has not referenced the matter that is before this body.
What is before the body is the conference report on the budget. The
conference report on the budget does not increase spending; the
conference report on the budget takes spending down as a share of gross
domestic product, which all the economists say is the right way to
measure because it takes out the effect of inflation. We are taking
spending down from 20.5 percent, which is where they took it when they
had control; they ran up the spending when they ran everything here.
They controlled the House. They controlled the Senate. They controlled
the White House. On their watch, they ran up the spending. We are
taking it down, from 20.5 percent of GDP down to 18.9 percent of GDP.
That is one of the key reasons we are able to actually balance the
budget--something they have never done and something they still have no
proposal to do. That is the fact. This is not increasing spending; this
is taking spending down as a share of the gross domestic product.
Now, the Senator puts up charts that are people's tax returns and
talks about this rate going up and that rate going up. There are no
rate increases here. There just aren't. I know the Republicans have
given this speech so many times, it is habit. So it doesn't really
matter what the budget is; they just trot out the same speech they gave
5 years ago. The problem is it doesn't fit the facts.
The President said in his budget, by his own estimate, that he would
raise $14,826 billion over the 5-year life of the budget. Our budget
raises $14,828 billion--virtually no difference. Now, this is using his
own agency's estimates, the Office of Management and Budget. We use the
Congressional Budget Office on ours because they are the official
scorekeeper for the Congress. If you put them on the same basis, the
Congressional Budget Office basis, we do have 2 percent more revenue
than the President's, but our revenue doesn't show up until beyond
2010. We are going to write another budget before then. This budget
controls next year. There is no difference in revenue next year. There
is no difference in revenue.
I don't know what speech you are going to give next year when there
has been no tax increase. I know you will be terribly disappointed,
because you believe that there has to be a tax increase. We are going
to be here next year, and then we are going to have to trot out all of
these speeches that have been given here. I am afraid some of those who
have given these speeches are going to be terribly embarrassed.
Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, would the Senator yield for about 3
minutes?
Mr. CONRAD. I would be happy to yield.
Mr. SANDERS. I would like to ask the Senator a question. Let me begin
by thanking him as the chairman of the Budget Committee for his
excellent work on the budget resolution. This conference report,
despite what some may have heard, is a major achievement for our
Nation's veterans, for children without health insurance, for the
middle class, and for millions of Americans struggling to make ends
meet. None of these achievements would have been possible without the
strong work of Senator Conrad, and I commend him as a member of the
Budget Committee for all of his efforts.
As my colleagues know, one of the major issues I have been working on
has been to expand federally qualified health centers in this country,
and on that subject I would just like to ask the chairman the following
question: Does the conference report accompanying the budget resolution
assume that $2.6 billion in Federal funding would be provided for
federally qualified health centers in fiscal year 2008--$536 million
more than the 2007 level adjusted for inflation and $575 million more
than the President's request?
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, I would say in response to the Senator
that it does. This conference report includes the amendment that was
offered by the Senator to increase funding for community health
centers. As the Senator knows, this is one area of spending the
President has supported. More than that, this is an area I think almost
all of us believe has had remarkable success.
I have visited community health centers in my own State, and I have
seen the remarkable work they are doing. In Fargo, ND, we have a
community health center that is serving thousands of people and doing
it in an extraordinarily cost-effective way. It is getting very good
health care results for its clients.
So I was pleased to support the amendment of the Senator from
Vermont. I think this is one of the most cost-effective things we can
do to expand health care coverage for the people of our country and the
people of our individual States, and I salute the Senator for offering
that amendment. We vigorously defended that approach in the conference
committee, and the conference agreed to support that level of funding.
Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, I just want to thank the chairman very
much, and I concur with everything he
[[Page S6234]]
has said. For 40 years, federally qualified health centers have
provided high quality primary health care for millions of Americans,
regardless of their income, and as the chairman just indicated, they do
that in a very cost-effective way. If the Appropriations Committee
provides this funding, at least 4 million more Americans would gain
access to the high-quality, affordable primary care available in our
Nation's health centers in a very short period of time, with millions
more getting access as the new centers get up and running. I thank the
chairman again, and I look forward to working with him and my
colleagues to make this a reality.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, I thank very much the Senator from
Vermont, who is an extremely constructive member of the Senate Budget
Committee and a fierce advocate for those things he believes in. He is
somebody who has done his homework, and we appreciate that very much on
the Senate Budget Committee. I thank the Senator from Vermont.
Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a question?
Mr. CONRAD. I am happy to yield.
Mr. GREGG. Is the colloquy that just occurred part of the increased
spending that doesn't occur in this budget?
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, let me just say that the spending in this
budget, as I have said over and over--and I will be happy to put up the
chart again--spending as a share of gross domestic product goes down
under this budget each and every year. It goes down from 20.5 percent
of GDP to 18.9 percent of GDP.
The Senator will recall it was on their watch that, not only did the
spending go up dramatically, but the revenue stagnated. The result was
to explode the debt of the country. That is the record of the other
party. Unfortunately, it falls on our watch to begin to clean it up,
and this budget does so.
Mr. President, is the Senator from Texas prepared?
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Texas is
recognized.
Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, with the permission of the bill managers,
I would like to yield myself 10 minutes.
Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, was the Senator from North Dakota yielding
time to the Senator from Texas?
Mr. CONRAD. No.
Mr. GREGG. I just got that impression, so I was willing to remain
silent as the Senator from North Dakota yielded the Senator from Texas
time.
Mr. CORNYN. Since I didn't hear any objection, I was assuming we were
proceeding.
Mr. GREGG. I yield 10 minutes to the Senator from Texas.
Mr. CORNYN. I appreciate that. Listening to the comments of the
distinguished chairman of the Budget Committee, just trying to
summarize it, reminds me of a saying in my part of the country--and I
will bet it is the same in his part of the country--the most feared
words in the English language are ``I am from the Federal Government,
and I am here to help.'' That is basically how he summarizes this
budget: We are just here to help the American people.
The problem is that this budget puts us on a tax-and-spend budget,
which is really the worst of both worlds. It dramatically grows the
size of Government over the next 5 years. This is not just 1 year, this
is a 5-year budget, and it contemplates a record increase in taxes and
explodes the debt. It contemplates the largest tax hike on the middle-
class families and farmers and entrepreneurs in our Nation's history--
about $736 billion over the next 5 years.
Unfortunately, this tax increase will take place without a vote of
the Congress because what it will do is take advantage of expiring
temporary tax relief we passed back in 2003 which has produced an
economic explosion in this country and the creation of about 7.8
million new jobs just over the last 4 years. We all know this tax
relief has helped the economy grow and create jobs.
On this point, I am especially disappointed that this conference
report does not include an amendment I authored which passed the Senate
on a bipartisan vote by 63 to 35. That amendment, which is not included
in this conference report, created a 60-vote budget point of order
against any legislation that raised income tax rates on taxpayers,
including middle-class families, college students, and entrepreneurs.
In addition, the Senate unanimously voted to instruct its conferees to
include the point of order in the conference report. But, once again, I
guess we are asked to suspend our disbelief because here in Washington,
inside the beltway, things happen differently.
We pass amendments by a vote of 63 Senators, we unanimously vote to
instruct conferees to include that point of order in the conference
report, and that prohibits an increase in tax rates unless at least 60
Senators agree; and, miraculously, it doesn't appear in the conference
report.
While I am aware of the procedural ramifications, I think it would
have been a powerful message for the Senate to make taxpayers across
the country, to make this point to them that, as the chairman of the
Budget Committee has said, there will not be an increase in taxes, to
reassure them that there won't be. But, frankly, I think the numbers
belie some of the statements being made, to the extent that we are not
contemplating tax increases over the next 5 years, when in fact this
budget contemplates a historic increase in taxes, just to be able to
keep up.
The fact is this amendment highlights an essential point--that 63
Members of the Senate, a bipartisan majority, believe tax rates should
not be raised. Unfortunately, the way I read this budget, it does
contemplate dramatic increases in taxes, and I don't see anything else
at the end of the day happening.
Finally, a few comments on the spending side of the ledger. While the
chairman said there will not be higher rates next year under this
budget, there will be, with no question, higher Government spending--
approximately $23 billion above what the President requested, which I
may add is not paid for, which goes directly to the debt. In other
words, it is an IOU we hand down to our children and grandchildren. In
fact, this budget contains billions of dollars in new spending on
Washington programs--$205 billion over the President's request over the
next 5 years.
When it comes to entitlement reform, this budget does absolutely
nothing to address the $69 trillion long-term entitlement crisis we are
facing. I wonder when things are going to change around here, when our
rhetoric is matched by action. We on this side of the aisle have said
we are determined to work with our colleagues on the other side of the
aisle to deal with this growing mountain of entitlement spending and
debt. Yet we are told, no, not this year, maybe some time in the
future.
My question is: If not now, then when? We need the answer to that
question. The American people need an answer to that question because
the debt continues to pile up through uncontrolled spending on
entitlement programs that are on auto pilot, and the bill is being sent
to our children and grandchildren. That is wrong and we need to fix it.
If not now, I wish to know when.
In fact, if we do nothing over the next 30 years, we won't have a
dime to pay for anything else, except four things: Social Security,
Medicare, Medicaid, and a part of the interest on the debt. We will not
have the resources necessary for other important priorities such as
national security, fighting the global war on terror, securing our
borders, veterans health care, or education.
For these reasons, I cannot support this budget, which would
dramatically increase spending and return us to an era of big
Government, known as tax and spend. It passes the IOU down to our
children and grandchildren and, at the same time, increases the debt by
$2.5 trillion.
I yield the floor.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from North Dakota is
recognized.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, I yield 15 minutes to the Senator from
Michigan, who, by the way, is an extremely valuable member of the
Budget Committee and has played a very constructive role in this
process. I thank the Senator for her assistance at every step in the
budget process.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Michigan is
recognized.
[[Page S6235]]
Ms. STABENOW. Mr. President, I appreciate the kind words of the
chairman. It has been a pleasure working with him and knowing that,
given what he has had to deal with, in terms of the lack of budget
resolutions and the deficit that has been created, he has done an
extraordinary job of putting the fiscal ship of state back in order. It
has been a pleasure to work with somebody who is grounded in what is
important to the American people.
I find it so interesting; first, there is all of the rhetoric that is
thrown around about Government, about tax and spend. What we have seen
in the last few years has been a borrow-and-spend mentality--basically
not paying for what we are spending. We had a $5.6 trillion surplus
when I came into the Budget Committee in 2001, with President Bush
coming into office. He was handed a $5.6 trillion surplus--a pretty
nice gift for somebody coming into office. We debated what ought to be
done with that. Unfortunately, a more balanced approach to focus on
middle-class tax cuts, to grow the economy, investments in science,
health care, education, and jobs, and putting some money aside for
Social Security, for the long term, was rejected. That was our plan,
but it was rejected by the majority at the time. Instead, a plan was
put into place that has borrowed and spent us into the largest deficits
in the history of the country.
When you look at the total debt right now, we are looking at a debt
that is estimated to be $9 trillion by the end of this year. What
concerns me as well about that is, who is buying that debt? Half of our
foreign debt is owned by two countries, China and Japan. They turn
around and don't follow the rules on trade. They manipulate their
currency, which means their products come in with big discounts and
compete unfairly against American workers and businesses. When we ask
the administration to get tough, they don't do it. Why? Because it is
pretty tough to try to enforce it.
This huge deficit that has been created is not only something we need
to be concerned about from a fiscal standpoint, but jobs and what is
happening in the global economy and our ability to fully enforce our
trade laws--that is also impacted. That is why I am so pleased at what
we are seeing with this budget resolution.
We have not had a budget resolution for a few years. When our
colleagues were in charge, there wasn't one put together for a number
of years. But now we have made a commitment to put together a budget
resolution that is based on a couple of very important principles:
first, a return to fiscal discipline. We are going to stop digging that
hole that has put us into a deficit, and now we are going to work our
way back out to fiscal responsibility. In fact, our budget comes into
balance within 5 years. I am proud of that.
Secondly, we are putting middle-class families first. Throughout this
budget, whether it be tax cuts or investments in education, or whether
it be health care for our children, or making sure we fund law
enforcement, or whether we are fully funding the military or homeland
security, we are focusing on Americans and middle-class families--the
folks who are working hard every day, who have been saying, hey, what
about us? We have seen jobs go offshore and more and more dollars going
to fewer and fewer people, in terms of spending. We have turned that
around.
This is a new direction. I am very proud of the work that has been
done with the House and the Senate. I am proud of our leader, Senator
Reid, and our leader on the budget, Senator Conrad, who has done such
an extraordinary job.
What are the elements we have put together relating to the budget?
There are many pieces. We basically reversed what the President has
done in terms of cuts in investments in Medicare and Medicaid and the
COPS Program and a variety of others. Start with this. Basically, there
are six areas we have focused on:
First, a return to fiscal responsibility. We put into place something
called pay-as-you-go. At my house, it was called common sense, paying
the bills and not spending more than you had coming in. That process
has been put back into play so we can, in fact, balance the budget and
return to fiscal responsibility.
We also have made investing in education and innovation a top
priority. We know we are in a global economy and we are in a time and
place where it is harder and harder for families to be able to afford
college. Yet college is needed more than ever for advanced skills, for
people who are going back to work, or for those who need to train for
another type of job; and education from preschool and Head Start all
the way up to college is a critical part of investing in the future of
our country. America's young people are competing with students from
around the world. We are competing in a global economy. Higher skills
and focusing on education and opportunity are essential. So is
innovation, because we know we have been the engine of great ideas. We
have to keep that up, whether it is the National Institutes of Health
or whether it is the advanced technology program relating to
manufacturing technology--all kinds of ways in which America has been
the leader. To maintain that, we have to make an investment, as any
individual business makes an investment in the future, in innovation
and ideas to be able to create more jobs. Our budget says we are going
to return to fiscal responsibility and put education and innovation at
the top for our families and for our future.
Then we are making a major commitment to cover health care for
children. In fact, this budget puts a major commitment forward for the
next 5 years of this budget resolution to cover every child with health
insurance. We are talking about children of parents who are working.
They may be working one or two jobs or three jobs, and we know the
average single parent--the average mom today, to make ends meet, has to
figure out how to work three different minimum wage jobs, and they
probably don't have health care. We don't think it is right that in the
greatest country in the world, the wealthiest country in the world,
moms and dads are going to bed at night saying, please, God, don't let
the kids get sick. Please help our son not break his arm and have to go
to the hospital because he has been playing sports or don't let our
daughter get sick or hurt playing in sports and break a leg.
We want to make sure every child in America has health insurance. We
make that commitment in this budget to fully fund SCHIP, the children's
health care program. That is a downpayment on making sure we provide
health care for everybody.
In this budget, we start with children, making sure every child in
America has access to health care. Then I hope we take the next step
within the next couple of years to do what needs to happen, which is to
fundamentally say health care is a right and not a privilege in the
greatest country in the world, and fully provide access to health care
for every American. So we have education and health care as an
investment.
Then we do something incredibly important, which I think every
American agrees with and, frankly, is shocked hasn't been done in
previous budgets in the last 6 years under the previous majority and
this President, and that is we are going to keep our promises to our
veterans. We have 50 different veterans organizations, service
organizations, supporting what we are doing because we are taking their
numbers about what is needed. They put together a budget called the
independent budget, and they estimate how many new veterans are coming
home from the war and how many current veterans are going to need help.
For the first time, we are meeting that number on health care and in
other areas, which is critical. We are saying we are going to keep our
promises to our veterans, and the American people want us to keep our
promises.
By the way, all of these things are not ``Washington'' or
``Government.'' It is all of us together. It is what we do in a
civilized society, the greatest democracy in the world. We come
together and decide how to allocate the precious resources. That is
what we are doing. How do we invest these in a way that keeps our
promises to veterans and creates opportunity for the future, for the
American dream and for people in this country? We have a very important
provision; we have middle-class tax cuts. We make sure the middle-class
tax cuts that have been passed and are in place under the child credit
and the marriage penalty and the tax cuts that
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affect middle-class families are extended.
We make sure that we put our focus where it ought to be--on middle-
income families--because those are the folks being squeezed, those are
the folks who are seeing their college costs go up, their health care
costs go up, if they have it at all; their wages go down, if they have
a job; their gas prices go up, and Lord knows they are going up and up
and up. So it is our working families, our middle-class families, those
who are barely scrimping by who are seeing all these costs descend on
them.
When we look at that, we say we ought to make sure they are the ones
who get the break. That is what our budget does.
Finally, we make sure we reverse the President's continual assault on
the COPS Program and on other key investments in health care and
technology, areas where every year the President has tried to
eliminate, cut back. We have now in Michigan, since 2001, 1,600 fewer
police officers on the streets. People can't believe that since 9/11 we
actually have fewer police officers--and that number has been going
up--on our streets in our communities than we had before 9/11.
We reject the President's further cuts in law enforcement. We restore
those dollars. We put back dollars, we increase dollars for homeland
security.
That is the picture. This is a picture of responsibility. We want to
be fiscally responsible and, at the same time, we want to focus on
putting middle-class families first. That is what our budget is all
about.
Also, it is true there are some areas of the budget where we are
raising revenue, and that comes in the category of closing outrageous
tax loopholes for businesses and individuals who owe taxes, which is
estimated anywhere up to $345 billion, folks who decided to take the
money offshore, take the jobs offshore.
Our chairman has shown so many times the picture of the building in
the Cayman Islands with over 12,000 businesses saying that is their
business location. Obviously, it is not. We don't think they ought to
get away with that.
Middle-class families, the majority of the people in this country,
have a right to know if they are following the law, if they are paying
their taxes, that we are making sure everybody is following the law and
paying their taxes.
So, it is true, we do take some dollars from those folks who cheat,
who leave the country, who too many times take jobs with them, and we
say: You know what. You need to follow the law like everybody else. We
take those dollars, and we put them back into making sure that
education is available, health care for every child, police officers,
firefighters in our communities, paying for our armed services, keeping
our promises to our veterans. I call that setting the record straight,
turning things around, and creating the right kind of priorities for
our country. The budget is always about values and priorities. That is
what it is, it is about values and priorities.
I am very proud of the values and priorities reflected in this
budget.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. McCaskill). The Senator has used 15
minutes.
Ms. STABENOW. Madam President, I urge my colleagues to join with us
in this new direction set by this budget for the families of America.
Mr. OBAMA. Madam President, I rise today to speak about the
conference agreement on the budget resolution that was just passed by
the House of Representatives this afternoon.
This budget makes an important departure from the irresponsible
budgets of the recent past and begins to restore balance. Instead of
gutting programs that help our most vulnerable citizens and
communities, this budget enables these programs--like the State
Children's Health Insurance Program, the Low-Income Home Energy
Assistance Program, Medicare, COPS and others--to keep serving those
who rely on the commitments our Nation has made to help all its
citizens. Instead of gimmicks and passing the buck to others, this
budget brings greater transparency and responsibility back to
Washington.
I am supporting this agreement as an important step in getting
America's budget back on track. A large part of getting back on track
is reinstating the pay-go rule in the Senate. Under pay-go, Congress
will not be able simply to pass along the debt to future generations
for the choices we make today. We will have to be accountable for
paying our own bills and collecting our own revenue. Pay-go by itself
will not bring our budget back to balance, but it will help those of us
committed to fiscal responsibility to keep budget deficits from getting
worse.
When I talk to families in Illinois and across the country, I hear
the same sets of concerns and aspirations. The people I meet want
affordable health care for themselves and their children. They want a
quality education for their children. They are concerned about our
national security and our domestic security. They want to retire with
dignity. They are concerned about the costs of this war in the
thousands of sacrificed lives and the hundreds of billions of dollars
borrowed from abroad. They are concerned about their own credit card
debts and our rising national debt.
The failure of our nation to guarantee access to affordable health
care for children is shameful. This budget rejects the President's
proposed cuts to the State Children's Health Insurance Program and
makes children's healthcare a priority for Congress.
The security of our Nation is a critical priority, and honoring our
veterans is our moral obligation. This budget fully funds our Defense
and Homeland Security funding needs and makes it possible to provide
the quality health care and services that our veterans deserve.
This budget calls for strong new measures to close the tax gap, shut
down tax scams, and address offshore tax havens. I am particularly
pleased to see the strong support for improved mandatory reporting by
brokerage firms of the adjusted cost basis of their clients' stock,
bond, and mutual fund investments.
During the Senate debate on the Budget Resolution, two of my
amendments were adopted to increase summer-term education funding and
to promote carbon sequestration technology. I am pleased that the
conference agreement has laid the foundation to accommodate legislation
that I have introduced in these important fields.
This budget fully funds the President's request for defense spending
while prioritizing improvements in veterans health care, children's
health coverage, and education. It eliminates the deficit by 2012 and
reduces spending as a share of GDP. And it does this without raising
taxes or requiring deep cuts to critical government services.
This budget demonstrates that we can rise above ideology and gimmicks
and begin tackling the serious challenges we face as a nation. I
commend the outstanding leadership of Chairman Conrad and the good work
of the House and Senate conferees.
I hope my colleagues will join me in voting for this conference
agreement.
Mr. BUNNING. Madam President, I would like to talk today about the
House-Senate budget resolution, S. Con. Res. 21, and the many reasons I
oppose it. Overall, the budget resolution contemplates a staggering
amount of spending: $15.5 trillion of total budget authority from
fiscal year 2008 through fiscal year 2012. In fiscal year 2008 alone,
the resolution provides for nearly $3 trillion in spending, yet a
significant part of that spending is unfunded, or it comes from the
Social Security surplus.
On its face, the budget resolution increases the gross debt by $2.5
trillion over 5 years, but this figure understates the true impact of
this misguided decision on our economy. In order to fund $2.5 trillion
in additional national debt, the Treasury Department will have to sell
Government bonds. Its demand for credit will drive up interest rates,
making homes more expensive and curtailing economic activity that
creates jobs. There is no restraint. The resolution calls for $205
billion more in discretionary spending than called for in the
President's fiscal year 2008 budget.
Not content to ``tax'' Americans with the higher interest rates that
will result from deficit spending, the authors of this resolution are
endorsing real tax increases as well. The budget resolution's failure
to provide for extension of the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts will result
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in an enormous $736 billion tax hike on families, seniors, and
businesses.
True, the resolution provides for the extension of certain popular
tax cuts that Congress enacted, such as the child tax credit, but it
also places a substantial new obstacle in the way of enacting even
these cuts. This is the so-called trigger mechanism that Chairman Gregg
and others have discussed in detail.
Finally, even with the higher interest rates, tax increases, and
procedural barriers to tax cuts this resolution contains, it still
relies on raiding the Social Security surplus to achieve the appearance
of budget balance at the end of the day. I tried to stop this by
including language in the Senate passed version of this resolution, but
unfortunately, the conferees took this provision out of the final bill.
Get ready, America. Your taxes are about to go up.
Mr. LEVIN. Madam President, assuming this budget resolution
conference report passes today, it will be only the second time in 5
years that Congress has finalized a budget. The annual budget
resolution sets forth the necessary blueprint for the Government's
spending and revenues, and I am pleased that we have an agreement to
vote on this year. I am also pleased that it is a plan that can help
put us back on a fiscally responsible path.
For too long now we have been digging deeper and deeper into a ditch
of debt. President Bush's budget submitted to Congress in February
would continue that trend by increasing the gross federal debt by
nearly $3 trillion to $11.5 trillion by 2012. That's $38,000 per
person. The budget resolution we are considering today can help reverse
that trend.
The resolution reestablishes a strong pay-go rule, which would
require any new spending or tax cuts to be paid for elsewhere in the
budget or receive a supermajority of at least 60 votes in the Senate.
While I know that balancing our many priorities will not become easier
under this pay-go regime, I welcome its return. I am also pleased that
this budget establishes a new 60-vote point of order against long-term
deficit increases.
This budget also sets a blueprint for going after our country's
massive $350 billion tax gap, which is the difference between the
amount of taxes owed by taxpayers and the amount collected. One of the
primary tax gap areas I hope Congress will focus on this year is the
offshore tax haven and tax shelter abuses that are undermining the
integrity of our tax system. I commend Chairman Conrad and the Budget
Committee members for their willingness to take on and push Congress to
address these complicated areas. There are many ways Congress can go
about tackling these problems, and I hope that one of them will be to
enact the Stop Tax Haven Abuses Act of 2007 that I introduced earlier
this year with Senators Coleman and Obama. Our bill would crack down on
a number of the offshore abuses that shift the tax burden onto ordinary
taxpayers, and would be a big step toward achieving fairness in our tax
system.
This budget resolution also works toward fairness in our tax system
by assuming an extension of middle class tax cuts, including extensions
of marriage penalty relief, the child tax credit and the 10 percent
bracket. It also assumes a year of alternative minimum tax relief and
estate tax reform for small businesses and family farms. While the bulk
of the President's unaffordable tax cuts since 2001 have benefited only
the wealthiest among us, the tax cuts assumed in this budget are aimed
at helping working families. I believe they are an important part of
any economic plan and should be continued.
On the spending side of the ledger, I am pleased that this budget
resolution supports our men and women in uniform both in the national
defense program and the additional costs of operations in Iraq and
Afghanistan.
I am also pleased that this resolution includes the resources needed
to ensure that our veterans get the health care they deserve. In total,
the resolution provides more than $43 billion for the Veterans Affairs
healthcare system--$3.6 billion more than President Bush's budget.
I am also pleased that this budget provides a $50 billion increase
over 5 years for the Children's Health Insurance Program, SCHIP, to
expand children's health care and make sure states can maintain current
caseloads. Making sure children have adequate health care should be one
of our nation's top priorities. Unfortunately, President Bush's SCHIP
budget proposal would have lead to the loss of critical coverage in
many states. The Secretary of the Department of Heath and Human
Services has even admitted that the intent of the President's proposal
is to decrease the number of children enrolled in SCHIP. It is
imperative that we reject that inadequate proposal, and this budget
resolution does that.
This budget also represents a significant improvement over the
President's budget for education. For 2008 alone, it provides an
increase in discretionary funding for the education and training
function of $9.5 billion above the President's request. That means more
funds for Pell grants, IDEA, and No Child Left Behind Act than the
President requested. It would be shameful to fail in our responsibility
to our children by adopting a spending blueprint that does not provide
our schools the resources they need.
It is a welcome change to be voting for a budget resolution that can
change the failed fiscal policies and irresponsible tax cuts pushed by
this administration. This resolution can help pave the way for
important investments in America's future to put our country back on
track and to begin the long process of climbing out of the ditch of
debt.
Mr. ENZI. Madam President, as the Senate debates the fiscal year 2008
budget resolution conference agreement, I want to first acknowledge the
hard work of Chairman Conrad and Senator Gregg throughout this fiscal
year 2008 budget cycle. While I do not always agree with the chairman
of the Budget Committee, I do appreciate the hard work it takes to get
a budget through Congress.
I also want to acknowledge the importance of writing and passing a
budget resolution. This document is a vital part of the operation of
Congress. It sets a fiscal blueprint that Congress will follow for the
year and establishes procedural hurdles when these guidelines are not
adhered to. Because this is such an important document, I am even more
disappointed with the fact that this was not a bipartisan process.
Not being included in the crafting of this budget is far less
important than the fact that this budget does little to help our
economy. From the day we marked up this budget in committee, this
document has been a tax-and-spend, big-government budget. It also fails
to make meaningful reductions in mandatory spending--even though our
Nation's mandatory health programs are growing each year by more than 6
percent, an unsustainable level.
It is not right to overspend now--and pass the bill on to our
children and grandchildren to pay later. It is regrettable that during
this budget debate, the Senate was unable to work across party lines
and do more to shore up our economic future.
As my colleagues may know, this conference report contains a
reconciliation instruction for the HELP Committee, where I serve as the
senior Republican senator. This reconciliation instruction directs the
HELP Committee to produce $750 million in deficit reduction over 6
years. The Senate-passed resolution did not contain any reconciliation
instructions. However, the House-passed budget did contain such an
instruction that called for $75 million in savings. Reconciliation
became a ``conferencable'' item because the differences between the two
Chambers needed to be resolved.
Recall that during Senate consideration of the budget resolution this
year, we never debated reconciliation. Chairman Conrad chose not to
include it in his budget. That was his choice. He held hearings earlier
this year relating to our Nation's long-term fiscal challenges, and I
commend him for that. Health and Human Services Secretary
Leavitt testified before the Budget Committee in March that the demand
on Federal general revenues for Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security
exceeds $50 trillion--that is trillion with a ``t''--over the next 75
years based on current law and program operations. But the Senate-
passed budget, which I voted against, failed to address these
challenges.
[[Page S6238]]
Now today we are debating a conference agreement that directs the
HELP Committee to reduce the deficit by just $750 million over 6 years.
Mr. President, I said million, with an ``m.'' I would like to explain
to my colleagues what is really going on in this budget.
In his fiscal year 2008 budget request, the President proposed nearly
$18 billion in savings related to higher education. Most of these
savings are achieved by cutting subsidies the banks are currently
receiving. Democratic leadership is also looking at reducing many of
these same subsidies in the $20 billion range and possibly even larger.
This conference agreement allows for these mandatory higher education
proposals to be advanced through the reconciliation process. That means
limited debate, strict germaneness requirements on amendments, and a
simple majority vote to pass the bill. But with just a $750 million
savings requirement, the process will be used to fast-track massive new
entitlement spending. A more honest reconciliation and deficit
reduction debate would be to limit the new spending in a reconciliation
bill to 30 or even 40 percent of the total savings. But right now this
budget is teed up to allow $20 billion or more in new spending, with
the deficit reduction component amounting to merely a rounding error in
a gigantic spending proposal.
I wrote a reconciliation bill in 2005 when I had the privilege of
chairing the HELP Committee. The title that I authored reduced the
deficit by $15.5 billion over 5 years. In addition to the deficit
reduction, the bill created new mandatory grant aid proposals, academic
competitiveness and SMART grants. It also increased loan limits so
students could better finance their education. That reconciliation bill
spent roughly $9 billion on brand-new student benefits, all fully paid
for. About 40 percent of my total savings was spent on new programs,
and the remaining funds paid down the deficit.
But this budget we are debating today says if the majority party can
find $20 billion or even $30 or more billion in savings, they can fast-
track and spend 95 percent of those savings. This is an offensive use
of the reconciliation process. This year, if just one-half of the
Senate authorizing committees could equal the level of deficit
reduction that the HELP Committee achieved in 2005, the deficit would
be reduced by an additional $100 billion.
During the Budget Committee and floor consideration of the
resolution, I also spent a great deal of time on health-related issues.
I am greatly disappointed that this conference agreement contains a
deficit neutral reserve fund that encourages repealing the ``non-
interference'' clause from the Medicare law. This is an issue that came
before the Senate a few weeks ago and failed. It failed because it is
bad policy. The ``non-interference'' language in the Medicare law
prevents the Federal Government from fixing prices on Medicare drugs or
placing nationwide limits on the drugs that will be available to
seniors and the disabled. I support this language 100 percent, but this
conference agreement supports striking this language that protects
patients. Decisions on what drugs should be available should be made by
seniors and their doctors, not by politicians.
I am happy to see, however, that this conference agreement retains
the reserve fund for health information technology legislation that I
worked to get into the Senate budget resolution. The HELP Committee is
currently working on a bill to increase the widespread adoption of
health IT. What does that mean? That means we are working on a bill
that will eventually do away with clipboards in doctors' offices. Every
time I go to the doctor, someone hands me a clipboard to fill out
everything I can remember about myself. This is no easy task, and as I
get older, this task gets even harder. Wouldn't it be great if,
instead, doctors had electronic medical records that could keep track
of this information for me, if my doctor's computer in Wyoming could
talk to my doctor's computer in Washington? Well, the bill I am about
to introduce is the first step in making that happen. And if that does
happen and most of the doctors and hospitals in this country start
using health IT, the RAND Corporation estimates we could save between
$80 and $162 billion a year. That is amazing savings, and I am happy to
see that this language was included in this conference agreement.
I am also pleased to see that the conference agreement includes a
deficit-neutral reserve fund for improvements in health insurance
coverage. This spring, I have been talking to my colleagues on both
sides of the aisle about writing legislation that reduces the number of
uninsured, improves health care quality and access, and reduces the
growth in the cost of private health insurance by facilitating market-
based pooling across State lines. My hope is that a commonsense
proposal similar to this would meet the criteria established in this
reserve fund.
As we move forward and complete this resolution and start working on
the fiscal year 2008 appropriations bills, I wanted to mention a few
programs that are important to Wyoming.
As our Nation's most abundant energy source, coal must play a central
role in electrical generation for years to come. In order for that to
happen, we need to continue finding ways to make coal generation
cleaner. Programs like the Clean Coal Power Initiative will play a
major role in making that happen, and so I support increased funding of
this program.
We also need to see proper funding of the Federal loan guarantee
program. Federal loan guarantees can play an important role in
developing new energy projects. It is my hope that we can provide
enough funding to get some of these projects off the drawing board, and
most specifically, I hope that we provide funding to the Department of
Energy to move forward with loan guarantees for coal-to-liquids
projects. Coal-to-liquids technology has the potential to help reduce
our Nation's dependence on foreign energy barons and should be
explored.
In addition, funding for rural air service and maintenance is
essential for States such as Wyoming. Without Federal support through
essential air service and airport improvement programs, many rural
communities would have no commercial air service and extremely limited
general aviation. I hope this issue will be part of the debate on the
reauthorization of the Federal Aviation Administration this year. I
encourage my colleagues to recognize the importance of this funding,
not only as a matter of dependability but also as a public safety
issue.
I want to mention two additional issues of great importance to
Wyoming and other rural States: housing and homelessness. The McKinney
Vento Homelessness Assistance Act is the primary law through which
Congress funds homelessness programs in the United States.
Unfortunately, rural States have historically received very little of
this money. Yet rural States must confront homelessness too, and the
geographic size of our States further complicates our efforts. In
response to this, Congress authorized the Rural Homelessness Grant
Program in 1992 under the McKinney-Vento Act. This program provides
funding for transitional housing and education services in rural
States, as well as rental or downpayment assistance. The intent of this
program is to level the playing field between rural and urban States.
Unfortunately, this program has never been appropriated funds since its
creation, so the purpose of this program has never been fulfilled and
rural States continue to suffer. This can be a valuable program for
rural States like Wyoming.
I would like to briefly call attention to the Small Business
Administration. I serve on the Small Business Committee and enjoy using
my small business experience to help make a difference in the lives of
many people in Wyoming and throughout the country. We are working in
Wyoming to stabilize and steadily grow our small businesses through the
utilization of the Small Business Innovation Research, SBIR, Program.
The risk and expense of conducting serious research and development
efforts are often beyond the means of many small businesses, especially
rural small businesses. By reserving a specific percentage of Federal
R&D funds for small business, SBIR enables small businesses to compete
on the same level as larger businesses and stimulate high-tech
innovation in their rural States.
The FAST and Rural Outreach programs are congressionally authorized
[[Page S6239]]
programs that provide technical assistance that helps Wyoming's small
businesses utilize the SBIR Program.
Finally, the Agriculture Committee has a big task in reauthorizing
the farm bill this year. Writing a tight budget that will help us reach
our long-term fiscal goals is a priority for me. Though you cannot tell
by the name, the farm bill affects the lives of many unsuspecting
Americans. Policies and projects for distance learning, conservation,
food assistance, renewable fuels, and our forests are provided for in
the farm bill, in addition to the well-known commodity programs.
So in closing, I want to inform my colleagues that this is not a
courageous budget. It fails to make the tough choices and it passes the
debts we carry today on to our children and grandchildren. I urge my
colleagues to oppose this budget and vote no on the conference
agreement.
Mr. AKAKA. Madam President, I express my strong support for the
conference report on the fiscal year 2008 budget resolution. I also
take this opportunity to congratulate Chairman Conrad and the other
conferees for their hard work on this resolution. This resolution
reflects our commitment to fully fund veterans' health care and
benefits.
This budget resolution would provide $43.1 billion in fiscal year
2008 for the VA discretionary account--$3.6 billion more than the
President requested. I am very pleased that the conference report
follows the recommendations of the Democratic and Independent members
of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs to provide $2.9 billion over the
President's request for veterans' medical care alone. This includes an
additional $303 million for treatment of traumatic brain injuries, and
$693 million for VA mental health programs--two areas of vital
importance to servicemembers returning from Operations Iraqi and
Enduring Freedom.
I also thank the Budget Committees for rejecting the President's
proposals to impose an annual enrollment fee for VA health care and to
increase the prescription drug copayment. These proposals would have
unduly burdened thousands of veterans who cannot afford higher costs
for the health care they have earned and deserve.
I again commend Chairman Conrad and the other conferees for their
work on the budget resolution, and for sending the right message to our
Nation's veterans. We have made a commitment to their care, and this
resolution honors that commitment. I urge my colleagues to support
swift passage of the resolution before us today.
Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Madam President, I rise today to offer my support for
the fiscal year 2008 budget resolution.
Last year, under the leadership of the President and his party,
Congress failed to pass a budget resolution. The result was a failed
budget process from start to finish, and Congress adjourned without
passing 10 of 12 appropriations bills for fiscal year 2007.
Under Democratic leadership, the Senate passed a continuing
resolution that funded fiscal year 2007 Government programs and sent an
emergency supplemental appropriations bill to the President to give our
troops over $95 billion in vital support.
I was disappointed that the President chose to veto the
Appropriations bill, which called for benchmarks for the Iraqi
government and funded our troops at a level higher than his initial
request. But the Democratic majority signaled its willingness to fund
the troops and fill the gaps left by the Republican Congress.
Now the Senate has taken the next step toward fiscal responsibility.
We have a sensible fiscal year 2008 budget resolution. The $2.9 billion
budget in fiscal year 2008 projects revenues expected to total $14.828
trillion over 5 years, only 2.1 percent above the President's expected
revenues of $14.826 trillion.
This resolution corrects many of the misplaced priorities of the Bush
administration and the Republican Congress.
These misplaced priorities include over $1 trillion in tax cuts, tax
cuts that will cost $3 trillion more if extended over the next 10
years.
When President Clinton left office, the national debt was projected
to be eliminated by 2010. These misplaced priorities created a $248
billion deficit this year, and an $8.9 trillion debt.
This budget resolution restores funding for over 141 programs slated
for cuts or elimination by the President in his budget proposal. These
were painful cuts that we have seen year after year under the
Republican majority.
The proposed cuts were to programs vital to Californians and the
American people. Programs like the Community Development Block Grant,
Community Oriented Policing Services, and the State Criminal Alien
Assistance Program. These do not sound to me like frivolous programs.
Unlike the President's budget proposal, this budget will create a
surplus in 2012 and is near balance a year before that. This budget
refocuses our priorities, extending the middle class tax-cuts and
alternative minimum tax relief, and increasing veterans' and children's
health care funding.
In fact, this budget provides over $43 billion for veterans'
programs, $3.6 billion more than the President requested for 2008 and
the largest increase ever provided for veterans. This is in accordance
with a request of four leading veterans groups and a recommendation
from the American Legion.
It also provides up to $50 billion to expand SCHIP coverage for
children eligible for the program. Both of these increases help the
people most vulnerable and most in need.
This budget restores a fiscally responsible pay-go rule that requires
offsets for new spending or expensive tax cuts.
This budget adds $9.5 billion to help fund education, including
higher education, to help increase the competitiveness of our students
in an increasingly globalized world. We know there is a problem with
education in the United States, and this budget looks to address it.
This budget allows for the committees to secure increased funding for
programs like the State Children's Health Insurance Program, Medicare,
Medicaid, middle-class tax relief, education, alternative energies, and
other important priorities.
It also allows for a deficit-neutral reserve fund for the San Joaquin
River Restoration Settlement Act, a provision I and my colleague
Senator Boxer requested. This broadly supported bill will help bring
about tremendous progress in the restoration of a waterway vital to the
state of California, and the reserve fund will help ensure that we fund
the restoration in the correct manner.
This budget is not perfect, and I am deeply concerned about the long-
term fiscal implications of irresponsible tax cuts and a seemingly
endless war. We are faced with a tremendous wall of debt, created by
misplaced priorities and poor planning.
We must now turn to reversing the damage. This problem will not fix
itself. We need to act now to reduce our budget deficit and pay down
the debt.
The elimination of the deficit will not happen in one year, but will
take years of careful planning and prioritization to ensure the best
return for our Federal dollars. But I am encouraged that this budget
will both fund the most beneficial programs and start us on the path of
fiscal recovery.
Congress faced many tough choices in crafting this budget, and we
have a long and difficult road ahead.
The budget resolution cannot provide permanent alternative minimum
tax relief or even fully fund the most critical programs.
But it is a start. It refocuses our priorities. And it begins to
reverse the years of damage.
I encourage my Democratic and Republican colleagues to consider the
responsibility that the American public has given us. A responsibility
to act in the best interest of this Nation. To pass a sensible and
reasonable budget, and to use that budget as we craft and pass the
appropriations bills in a reasonable amount of time. This budget fits
that charge, and I hope my colleagues will join me in supporting the
fiscal year 2008 budget resolution.
Mr. HATCH. Madam President, I wish to express my deep disappointment
in the budget resolution conference report. It is a deceptive and
defective declaration of flawed priorities that ignores this country's
biggest challenges. If we follow this budget through to its natural
conclusion, it will lead us from our current path of economic growth
and prosperity onto a treacherous road to tax increases, economic
recession, and needless pain for millions.
[[Page S6240]]
While there are many things to lament about this budget, I will
concentrate my remarks on just three aspects of it--three features that
I believe will hurt the families of my home State of Utah.
First, this budget opens the door to large increases in spending in
both discretionary and in mandatory programs. On the discretionary
side--these are the funds that must be appropriated each year--the
budget resolution calls for an increase of $205 billion over what the
President has requested over the next 5 years. And keep in mind, the
President's budget represents an increase over spending in the current
year. In fact, President Bush requested a 2-percent increase in
discretionary spending for fiscal year 2008, but resolution before us
represents an increase of 8 percent. This type of large spending
increase hurts Utahns for years to come.
Mr. President, the national debt of the United States of America now
exceeds $8,500 billion. Each U.S. citizen's share of this debt exceeds
$29,000. Every cent that the U.S. Government borrows and adds to this
debt is money stolen from future generations of Americans and from
important programs, including Social Security and Medicare on which our
senior citizens depend for their retirement security. Large increases
in discretionary spending only add to this growing multigenerational
problem and I am disappointed to see such a large increase in this
budget.
Second, the budget resolution before us is woefully inadequate in the
area of dealing with the tax problems facing America. Of most immediate
concern, the alternative minimum tax, AMT, hangs over middle-income
earners like a giant sword. Unless we, at the very least, continue to
temporarily increase the AMT thresholds, we will see about a five-fold
increase in the number of taxpayers subjected this unfair and complex
tax. However, the budget resolution, as it does with almost every
problem, punts this issue into the future instead of making the tough
decision to fix this problem.
It is common speculation that the only way Congress can deal with
this problem is to waive the pay-as-you-go rules that also feature so
prominently in this budget. The speculation that Congress will easily
waive pay-as-you-go rules is a joke, and we all know it. But millions
of American taxpayers will not be laughing when this budget kicks in
and leaves them paying the enormous price associated with the AMT tax,
I am afraid.
This budget resolution also falls far short when it comes to dealing
with the tax cuts that are due to expire over the next few years,
including the so-called ``extenders'' that come to an end this
December. The proponents of this resolution glibly state that the
budget provides for the tax cuts to be extended. But it does so only if
they are paid for with revenue from another source.
I cannot understand why some in this body do not see that the surges
in revenue we have enjoyed over the past few years have come as a
direct result of the tax cuts we passed in the early part of this
decade. These have also kept the economy and job growth humming along.
Does it not make sense to my colleagues that if we reverse these
policies, this economic growth and job growth and revenue growth will
all come to a screeching halt?
This budget actually contains the Cliff Notes version of Democratic
economic policy--tax, spend, deny reality, and repeat. When the economy
tanks, blame the Republicans and tax some more.
The third and ultimately fatal flaw of the budget resolution before
us is also its most serious flaw. It totally ignores the entitlement
crisis we have waiting for us just around the corner. Practically all
Members of this body know and regularly acknowledge the profound
challenges presented to this Nation as a result of the retiring baby
boom generation, along with the corresponding growth in Social
Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. We regularly reference it here on the
Senate Chamber, as well in outside speeches and in letters to our
constituents. We all know it is a colossal problem that is not going to
go away by itself. Yet, instead of even the slightest recognition of
this problem or even the tiniest movement toward a solution, both of
which would be a start, this budget completely ignores it.
This is a travesty. I hear regularly from my Utahns that they want us
to deal with these problems, and right away. Utahns are a thrifty and
careful people who like to face problems head-on and solve them, rather
than pawning them off on the next generation. I believe that it is
simply inexcusable that Congress would shun this opportunity to deal
with entitlement challenges at this time and I know my fellow Utahns
agree.
Do my colleagues think that it is going to be easier in the future to
begin to resolve our Social Security or health care system problems? We
all know the answer to that. We all know that we should have started
solving these problems already and that it would have been far less
painful to deal with them a few years ago than it would be now. We also
know that this pain will be greatly compounded as we wait to deal with
these issues in the future.
When President Bush tried to get Congress to work on Social Security
2 years ago, my friends and colleagues on the other side of the aisle,
pretty much to a person, decided that they would rather turn it into a
partisan political issue than join hands in trying to find a solution.
I recognize that not everyone liked the concepts the President put
forth. I didn't like all of them myself. But, instead of meeting him
even a tenth of the way, the other side saw a huge potential advantage
by shunning his overtures. Some say it paid off for them, but at what
price the next generation of Americans will have to pay because of this
decision.
Yes, we can keep passing budgets like this every year and keep
burying our heads in the sand about the need to confront our impending
entitlement problems. But we are rapidly approaching the time when we
can no longer solve these challenges without a huge amount of pain and
suffering and perhaps without losing our preeminent place on the world
economic scale.
Mr. President, there are many more things I could say about the
shortcomings of this resolution, but I will withhold and simply urge my
colleagues to defeat this resolution. We deserve better, and our
children and grandchildren certainly deserve better.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, how much time remains on both sides?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is 33 minutes remaining on the side of
the Senator from North Dakota, and on the minority side there is 23
minutes remaining.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I wish to take 2 minutes to respond to
Senator Cornyn, and then is it the intention on the other side to go to
Senator Vitter?
Mr. GREGG. At the completion of the Senator's time, I suggest Senator
Vitter be recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. CONRAD. Why don't we lock that in right now? Senator Vitter has
been waiting here patiently. I will consume such time as I might use,
and then we will go to Senator Vitter for 5 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, Senator Cornyn of Texas raised a concern
about an amendment he offered that was adopted both in committee and on
the floor with respect to creating a 60-vote hurdle for any increase in
rates. He raised a concern about that being dropped in conference. I
advised the Senator it was going to have to be dropped in conference
because the Parliamentarian advised us that if it came back from
conference, the whole privileged nature of a budget resolution would be
eliminated. That is the reason it was dropped. It is a simple
procedural matter that we could not include it.
Why couldn't we? The Budget Committee does not have the authority to
tell the committees of jurisdiction how to raise money or how to spend
it. I know that seems odd, but the reality is the Budget Committee is
able to tell the Finance Committee how much money it can raise and the
Appropriations Committee how much money it can spend. We do not have
the authority to tell the Finance Committee how to raise it. We do not
have the authority to tell the Appropriations Committee how to spend
it. If we exceed our authority, then the whole privileged nature of the
budget resolution--
[[Page S6241]]
that is, that a budget resolution comes to the floor under special
rules; there are 50 hours dedicated to the budget resolution and other
special rules that apply--all of those would be out the window if we
had allowed the amendment of the Senator from Texas to be included in
the conference report.
That is just a simple fact. We could not do that. Nobody would want
to eliminate the whole budget process. That is what would have happened
because the Budget Committee would have exceeded its authority.
On the question of spending, the Senator from Texas raised that
issue. This is spending as a percentage of GDP under this
administration. When they came in, spending was 18.4 percent of GDP.
They have raised it to 20.3 percent of GDP. That is their record.
Under this budget, we are taking spending down--20.5 percent GDP in
2008, and we are taking it down each and every year until we get to
18.9 percent of GDP in 2012.
Again, the Senator said we got a big tax increase here. There is no
tax increase here. There just isn't. The President, in his budget, said
he was going to raise $14.826 trillion over the next 5 years. Our
budget, according to the Congressional Budget Office, which is
nonpartisan and professional, says our budget raises $14.828 trillion.
There is virtually no difference. That is what they said their budget
would raise.
I see the Senator from New Mexico is in the Chamber. We have an order
that the Senator from Louisiana would have the next 5 minutes. Then we
are supposed to go back to our side to Senator Wyden. It is Senator
Vitter's time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Louisiana.
Nomination of Robert L. Van Antwerp, Jr.
Mr. VITTER. Madam President, I rise very briefly to turn away from
the budget for just a few minutes and focus on a matter of extreme
importance for Louisiana and, indeed, the country, and announce a very
important and positive resolution to this matter to give us the right
leadership we need in place at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in time
for this upcoming hurricane season which is due to begin this June 1.
Today LTG Carl Strock is ending his tenure as the Chief of Engineers
and Commander of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. He served the Army
honorably for 36 years, and for the last 2 years of his career, I would
say he has gone under intense work and pressure as he led the Corps
through the extraordinary events of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita and
those recovery efforts.
I join everyone here, Republicans and Democrats, in thanking General
Strock for his service and wishing him all the best in the next phase
of his life.
This comes, as I mentioned, right as our next hurricane season is due
to begin on June 1. As we go into that threat and into that battle, as
it were, it is very important we have a new commander in place to lead
us. The President nominated LTG Robert Van Antwerp to replace General
Strock.
I came to this floor literally just a half an hour ago very concerned
that his nomination was being held up by a Democratic hold, and that
threatened that we would not have our new commander in place for this
new hurricane season.
One does not go into battle without a leader, and that battle, as I
said, is just a few weeks away.
It is important to acknowledge that nobody wanted to rush into this
nomination. We all wanted to make sure this nominee, General Van
Antwerp, is the right person for the job. Indeed, we have. I spent
weeks looking very carefully at the nomination, as did my colleague
from Louisiana, Senator Landrieu. We held hearings on this nomination
in the committee of jurisdiction for the Corps, on which I serve, the
Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. Everyone over that
period of time got comfortable and very supportive of this nomination.
That is why it is very appropriate that we move forward and make sure
this nominee, this leader, is in place before the start of the next
hurricane season.
As I mentioned, I literally came to the floor a half an hour ago, and
this was very much uncertain because there was a Democratic hold on the
nomination. I am very relieved and very happy to say that in that short
period of time, that has been cleared up. That hold on this particular
nomination has been lifted, and the nomination of the new head of the
Corps, GEN Robert Van Antwerp, will be cleared through the Senate later
today.
This is very positive. I thank Majority Leader Reid for agreeing to
this literally in the last hour in light of the crucial nature of this
position and the impending start of this next hurricane season, June 1.
I, again, thank everyone for working toward this important goal. It
is important that we have the right leader at the helm in time for the
battle, in time for the start of the new hurricane season, June 1.
Clearly, our work in overseeing the Corps, and our work in funding key
work of the Corps in the gulf coast region continues. I will certainly
redouble my efforts in that regard. But at least we have our general in
place, our leader in place for the hurricane season, which is very
appropriate and very necessary.
Madam President, I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who yields time?
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I don't see Senator Domenici on the
floor. How much time does the Senator require?
Here is Senator Domenici. We had previously thought that he might go
next, if that is acceptable to the Senator from Oregon.
Mr. WYDEN. If I can ask the distinguished Senator from New Mexico,
how long does the senior Senator from New Mexico anticipate talking?
Mr. DOMENICI. I don't want to go ahead of Senator Wyden. I will take
15 to 20 minutes. Senator Wyden ought to go, if it is his turn, and I
will come after him.
Mr. CONRAD. How much time does the Senator require?
Mr. WYDEN. I was going to take 10 minutes. I would enjoy listening to
the Senator from New Mexico. Whatever his pleasure.
Mr. DOMENICI. Let's take that.
Mr. CONRAD. I thank the Senator from Oregon. Not only is he an
extremely important member of the Budget Committee, he is one of the
conferees. He is somebody who has been incredibly important for these
deliberations. I thank him for his cooperation and leadership.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oregon is recognized.
Mr. WYDEN. Madam President, I thank the chairman for his comments and
would just say I think the Conrad budget goes a long way to restoring
fiscal sanity in the Federal Government, but also allows for an
opportunity for the Senate, on a bipartisan basis, to get behind two
fixes to the critical domestic issues of our time, and those are health
care and taxes.
I think if you listen to the technical lingo over the course of the
debate--and the Senator from Missouri, now the Presiding Officer of the
Senate, comes from the campaign trail, and we are glad to have her
because she has just been through the debate in her State--the people
in Missouri or in my State of Oregon do not talk about pay-go and fire
walls and reserve funds and that kind of technical Washington lingo.
They do talk an awful lot about what is going to be done to fix health
care and what is going to be done to fix taxes.
One of the reasons I am so supportive of this Conrad budget is, it
really does lay the foundation for the Congress to get serious about
tax reform and serious about health reform. One of the areas Chairman
Conrad has zeroed in on as it relates to taxes, for example, has been
this problem of tax havens and tax scams. There is an opportunity as a
result of this budget to come together in a bipartisan way and fix the
taxes. If you are serious about closing the tax gap, the hundreds of
billions of dollars that we can't collect--and Chairman Conrad and
Chairman Baucus have been working hard to try to approve measures to
make it easier to collect that money--you have to fix the tax system
and simplify it.
I have offered a proposal, the fair flat tax, that would allow for
just that kind of effort. Others here in the Senate have ideas as it
relates to tax reform. The point is, the Conrad budget makes it
possible for the Senate to come together on the tax issue and fix this
code.
Chairman Conrad has talked about the scams. He has talked about the
tax
[[Page S6242]]
havens and about the hundreds of billions of dollars we are losing. I
have a proposal, the Fair Flat Tax Act, that would deal with it. There
are other proposals in the Senate that would beef up the collection of
these billions of dollars that are lost in the tax gap. The Conrad
budget lays the foundation for tax reform.
I would say to my colleagues, we have had more than 14,000 changes in
the Tax Code in recent years. It comes out to three changes in the Tax
Code for every working day, three for every single working day. The tax
system is broken in this country. We are laying the foundation in this
proposal for a tax system based on simplicity: a one-page 1040 form and
progressivity, where we are fair to those who are vulnerable in our
society, but also reform that is sensitive to the question of holding
down rates for all so that everyone would have a chance to get ahead.
In addition to taxes, which I think the Conrad budget deals with in a
responsible fashion, the legislation allows for a bipartisan effort in
this Congress to fix American health care, with a reserve fund that is
established and would allow for bipartisan health reform efforts.
Senator Bennett of Utah and I are offering the first bipartisan effort
in 13 years to fix American health care. Everybody would be covered,
which is essential, because if you don't cover everybody, those who are
uninsured shift their bills to those who are insured. We also fix the
broken private marketplace.
Right now, we have an awful lot of insurance companies that cherry-
pick, that take just healthy people and send sick people over to
government programs more fragile than they are. We spend hundreds of
billions of dollars through the Federal Tax Code disproportionately
rewarding the most affluent in our country and also promoting
inefficiency. Senator Bennett and I are very hopeful that this year,
not in 2009, not after the next Presidential election but this year,
the Senate will come together on a bipartisan basis. We have the
Healthy Americans Act, other Senators have other proposals, but the
Conrad budget lays the foundation for fixing health care in this
session of Congress.
I also believe as a result of the letter that 10 Senators sent--5
Democrats and 5 Republicans--to the President, indicating that we want
to work in a bipartisan way, that if this budget passes, and if the
White House will join the effort that Senator Bennett and I are
advocating in the Healthy Americans Act and the 10 Senators have
outlined in their letter to the President--which very much mirrors what
Senator Bennett and I are talking about--we can get action on health
care in 2007.
Finally--and I appreciate the thoughtfulness of the Senator from New
Mexico in allowing me to speak before him--let me mention that Senator
Conrad has included in his budget a provision that is critical to the
survival of timber-dependent communities in my State and around the
country. His budget includes a reserve fund to provide for extension of
the Secure Rural Schools Act, also known as the county payments
program. This law provides funding for schools, roads, and other
essential services in hundreds of resource-dependent communities around
the country. This is a survival issue for many in rural America.
Without county payments, rural communities around this country are
telling us they are going to vanish from the map. These communities, in
my view, should not be turned into sacrifice zones.
I am hopeful the extension of the county payments law will be
addressed during the conference on the emergency supplemental spending
bill. Earlier this year, 74 Senators voted to include an extension of
the county payments program, and we were very pleased to have the
support of Senator Domenici, who has been involved in this discussion
and also the additional program, the Payment in Lieu of Taxes Program,
which we have included in this legislation.
We have spoken to the majority leader, Senator Reid, who has assured
me he will do everything in his power to include county payments when
the new version of the supplemental spending bill comes out of
conference. If that doesn't happen, we are going to make this an effort
on every single vehicle in this Congress. Our bipartisan group is going
to try to get this support for county payments legislation done as soon
as possible.
We believe it ought to be done along the lines of what 74 Senators
have already voted for, and it ought to be done in the supplemental
spending bill that is going into conference. But if it doesn't happen,
we are going to try to make it happen on every single vehicle that
comes before the Senate because of its extraordinary importance to our
communities.
I thank Chairman Conrad for making the inclusion of a county payments
reserve fund in the budget so as to provide a backstop so that there
would be another option to extend county payments quickly, if for some
reason it doesn't happen in the budget.
In closing, I would urge colleagues to support this budget,
especially because of the foundation it lays to tackle the two biggest
domestic issues of our time, health care and taxes. There are certainly
major issues that come before us, with Iraq obviously being the issue
of paramount importance as it relates to the international front, but
the big issues at home are fixing health care and taxes. The Conrad
budget allows Democrats and Republicans to come together on both of
those.
This is a budget that responsibly allows the Senate to address the
critical issues, do so in a responsible way, and I urge the passage of
this budget.
Madam President, I yield the floor.
Mr. DOMENICI. Madam President, I gather that I am next under the time
agreement, and that I have up to 15 minutes; is that correct?
Mr. CONRAD. The Senator is correct, Madam President, but might I ask
the Senator to yield for just a moment?
Mr. DOMENICI. Indeed.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I want to just say this--and I fully
anticipate the Senator may be critical of this budget, so I certainly
respect his views. But I just want to say, after going through this
budget process, that the Senator from New Mexico has been involved in
the writing of 20 budgets, more than 20 budgets here, and my respect
for him has grown geometrically after going through this one. I really
do want to commend the Senator for what is truly an extraordinary
thing, to be involved in more than 20 budgets for the United States.
Madam President, I yield the floor.
Mr. DOMENICI. Madam President, I thank the chairman very much, and
let me say to the distinguished chairman that some of those budgets had
some extraordinarily good things in them, some were just--well, you
just had to do what you had to do.
I can remember how long and hard we worked and worried about giving
drugs to our senior citizens as part of Medicare. Anybody that is
interested in whether a budget act has any force should go back and
look at how that happened. We did it with a reconciliation instruction.
We started with $400 million--I think we ended up with about $500
million or $600 million before we finished it--and that is where we
reconciled and said you can only use it for this. It was an experiment
as to whether it would work because there is nothing in the law that
says you can do that. When you do the right thing--things that people
are otherwise frightened to do--they will let a budget act do things
they would not otherwise let happen. It wouldn't be part of the
expectation when you read the fine lines in the Budget Act.
The Senator has done some of that here. He has extended it, and I
commend him for it. I don't like it, but that is what we are here for,
to agree and disagree. I don't like the budget as the Senator has
prepared it, but I give him great credit for getting it done. It is a
most difficult job. Senator Conrad also had a House that had just
changed, and that was very hard for him to figure out with whom he was
working and what they wanted and how they wanted to negotiate. So I
really think it was probably as onerous and difficult as any, but the
Senator is here, and you are a hero when you can finish a budget.
People don't stay here and applaud afterward, but it is something
very extraordinary to get it done and be able to say we are through
tonight. So I commend him for that.
Having said that, Madam President, I want to start with a little
editorial piece that was found in the Wall Street Journal a couple of
days ago. It is called ``April Revenue Shower,'' and in it, it says:
[[Page S6243]]
Here's the ``surge'' you aren't reading about: The
continuing flood of tax revenue into the Federal Treasury.
Tax receipts for April were $70 billion above the same month
in 2006, and April 24 marked the single biggest day of tax
collections in U.S. history, at $48,700 billion, according to
the latest Treasury report.
It goes on to compare other months and to further document the
validity of the April shower of revenue coming to the Government.
If I were on the other side and writing a budget, I would be very
frightened to read about April showers and see how much April showers,
if continued into the next 2 or 3 years, would do to correct and
rectify the deficit of the United States and take care of the biggest
problem we have, which is deficit spending each year. In just a few
years, 2 years, if these April shower rates of revenue continue, we
will be approaching a balanced budget in the United States. I, for one,
would like to have seen us stay closer to the budget that brought us
those April showers than to change dramatically away from those budget
concepts that got us those April showers for so many months.
We all know it wasn't just 1 month, it was many months. If you look
back, we have had many months of strong economic performance in this
economy, and that strong performance brought with it showers of
revenues to the Treasury of the United States beyond anything we
expected. We never put down as an estimate during the last two or three
budgets anything close to the revenues that came spewing into the
Treasury because things were going right.
That leads me to the conclusion that we ought to be careful when
things are going right. We ought to be careful about changing big
concepts within that budget for fear that it may stop going right and
April showers may turn into something far different. Instead of
showers, it may turn into hailstorms. It may turn into blizzards,
instead of nice, friendly showers that are yielding tax dollars and
revenues to the American Treasury.
From my standpoint, this budget goes the wrong way. This budget I
have seen, the estimates I have been shown, say this budget before us
would increase taxes by $736 billion. These tax increases include all
marginal rates except the 10-percent bracket, capital gains rates,
dividend rates, and the alternative minimum tax and education tax
relief.
As we understand from those who do the estimating, in my State--so it
must be in all States--93,000 New Mexico investors, including senior
citizens, would pay more because of an increase in capital gains rates
and dividend rates in this budget. Right off, I believe we ought to be
careful with that. Maybe it is the capital gains and the dividends,
which were major changes in policies, that might have had more to do
with sustaining the budget and bringing those April showers that didn't
just occur in April but occurred in May, June, July, and August, those
large revenue chunks that were coming to the Federal Government which
were not expected.
I submit it is extremely easy to balance a budget and show a surplus
when you utilize one of the largest tax increases in our country's
history. Obviously, when you have a budget such as we had, where you
had tax cuts and they were multiyear, and then you stop them, you can
say you didn't increase any taxes. But the impact on the taxpayer will
be felt as a tax increase because if they were expecting what they had
last year, and it goes up because you did not continue with the cut,
then they obviously look around to see who raised their taxes.
Obviously, if you stop the tax cuts, then you get increases and the
public should know where they come from. It is obvious they will come
from this budget, carrying it out.
Once again, let me call to the attention of the Senate that according
to this Wall Street Journal editorial, in April alone the U.S.
Government collected $70 billion in tax receipts more than the same
month last year for the current fiscal year taxes. Tax receipts are
11.3 percent, or $153 billion from last year. I am not sure if most
people are aware of the fact that on April 24, 2007, the United States
collected a record-setting $48 billion in taxes. I am sure the people
do not know. There is no reason they should. But we ought to tell them
on a day like this that they did. Tax receipts went up enormously, as I
have indicated, and as this editorial indicates. That means if changes
in policies in this budget are such that they change the winds that
brought these showers the Wall Street Journal is talking about, then
you will stop getting the showers of dollars that are there and you
will get something that will be bad for the American people: The
economy will go down instead of up and the kinds of things that yield
good April showers filled with revenues will stop being the order of
the day.
I think we should worry and look long and hard at these numbers
before we consider making changes to the budget policy. Because of
these record tax revenues, the budget deficit could be slashed in more
than half from this year to the same time next year. The deficit could
be reduced to $150 billion this year, which equates to approximately 1
percent of gross domestic product.
I believe our current budget policy is paying off. The next 18 to 24
months the deficit could be caused to disappear if we do not vary off
the course. This is one point in time where the status quo may be the
better alternative.
However, under the budget we are considering if budget surpluses do
not materialize, the so-called ``trigger'' will stop the extension of
any tax relief and we will see firsthand the largest tax hike in
American history.
We are not doing enough to ensure economic stability to the bulk of
the Nation.
This budget will result in the expiration of the tax breaks that we
gave to the middle class, causing an enormous tax burden to be placed
on these families.
One can clearly see that on a national level, the middle class stands
to lose the most under this proposal.
In my home state of New Mexico, the impact of repealing the current
tax relief would be felt widely by the middle class.
Added to these concerns is that fact that this budget does not
thoroughly address the alternative minimum tax.
Providing a patch for the AMT only leaves us in the position of
correcting this problem in the future.
Absent legislative action, the middle class will bear the brunt of
the AMT, which will affect significantly more taxpayers.
The reverberations of this inaction will be seen all over the country
and will be especially evident in a state like New Mexico.
Coupled with the nonexistent tax relief, this budget fails to address
the 800 pound gorilla in the room, otherwise known as entitlement
spending.
After 2010, spending related to the aging of the baby-boom generation
will begin to raise the growth rate of total outlays.
The annual growth rate of Social Security spending is expected to
increase from about 4.5 percent in 2008 to 6.5 percent by 2017.
In addition, because the cost of health care is likely to continue
rising rapidly, spending for Medicare and Medicaid is projected to grow
even faster--in the range of 7 or 8 percent annually. Total outlays for
Medicare and Medicaid are projected to more than double by 2017,
increasing by 124 percent, while nominal GDP is projected to grow only
63 percent.
The budget currently under consideration does not offer solutions,
much less even address, entitlement spending or reform.
I do not support this budget in its current form because it increases
taxes and it does not offer any meaningful solution for entitlement
spending.
I yield the floor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who yields time?
Mr. GREGG. Madam President, I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
The assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the debate
time with respect to the conference report to accompany S. Con. Res. 21
be extended until 3:30, and that time be equally divided and controlled
between the Chair and the ranking member, and all other provisions of
the previous order remain in effect.
[[Page S6244]]
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
The Senator from North Dakota is recognized.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, how much time now remains?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With the additional time requested under the
unanimous consent request, the Senator has 32 minutes.
Mr. CONRAD. And on the other side?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is 22\1/2\ minutes.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I say to the manager on the other side,
I might take a few minutes. Senator Dorgan is our next speaker. Would
that be acceptable?
Mr. GREGG. Madam President, I recommend the Senator take 32 minutes.
Mr. CONRAD. That is an interesting endorsement of the persuasiveness
of my appeal.
Let me say in response, I want to speak of my respect for the Senator
from New Mexico. The thought of being the person who produced over 20
budgets through the Budget Committee is a stunning concept to me, after
going through this budget.
I want to go back to the question he raised about the tax increase. I
must say there has been a certain consistency on the other side with
respect to tax increases. They have said over and over there is a $700
billion tax increase here. There is only that big a tax increase if the
President's budget also had a big tax increase. Do the math. There is
only a 2-percent difference between what our budget raises and the
President's budget raises on a Congressional Budget Office score, and 2
percent of $15 trillion is $300 billion. They are talking about $736
billion, so they are saying the President had a $436 billion tax
increase. I don't think the President would agree with that math. So if
that math is wrong, their assertions about our budget are wrong.
It is very simple, at least in the math I learned in Bismarck, ND. I
go back to what the President said about his own budget. A previous
President said facts are stubborn things. Indeed they are. The
President's budget, estimated by his own Office of Management and
Budget, which he controls, said they would produce $14.826 trillion in
revenue over the next 5 years. That is the President's estimate of what
his budget would do. Our budget, according to the Congressional Budget
Office, will raise $14.828 trillion of revenue over 5 years. That is
virtually identical. The President said it was reasonable to raise this
amount of revenue. Guess what. That is what we are doing.
Some will say, wait a minute, you are using OMB numbers for the
President and CBO numbers for Congress. Yes, because the President
controls OMB. That is his own estimate of what his budget would do.
Let's use CBO numbers for both. Then you get that our budget will
raise 2 percent more money than the President's; 2 percent on $15
trillion, which is the amount over 5 years, which is $300 billion.
I believe you can easily get 2 percent more revenue by going after
the tax gap, the difference between what is owed and what is paid;
going after these tax havens, which the Permanent Committee on
Investigations says is costing the Treasury $100 billion a year, and
these egregious tax shelters, which I have shown repeatedly. We have
the remarkable circumstance where wealthy investors in this country are
buying European sewer systems, European metro systems, European city
halls, depreciating them on the books in the United States to lower
their tax obligation here, and then leasing them back to the cities in
Europe that built them in the first place. Come on. The vast majority
of us do not engage in that kind of charade.
This is a budget for 5 years, but we all know we are going to write
another budget next year. Let's look at the revenue for next year in
our budget and the President's budget. These two lines represent the
President's budget request for next year, and ours. Do you see any
difference? Do you see any daylight? No, because they are identical.
There is no tax increase in this budget. I don't know what our
colleagues are going to say next year when there has been no tax
increase. I don't know what they are going to say.
With respect to spending, I want to go back to that question because
the spending under our budget is going to go down as a share of GDP.
Here it is. We are going to go from a spending of 20.5 percent in 2008,
and each and every year we are going to bring it down until in the
fifth year we have spending at 18.9 percent of GDP.
Let's look at the record on the other side. Let's look at what our
friends did when they controlled the budget. They took spending from
18.4 percent of GDP and ran it up to 20.3 percent of GDP. That is the
difference in the spending records.
We go back even further to the previous Democratic administration.
Let's look at what they did. When President Clinton was in office, he
inherited a spending level of 22.1 percent of GDP. Look at what
happened under his administration. Each and every year, spending as a
share of GDP--which is what the economists say should be the measure
because that corrects for inflation--under the Clinton administration
it took spending from 22.1 percent of GDP, which is what they inherited
from the previous Bush administration, and they took it down to 18.4
percent of GDP.
Again, I know this is painful for my colleagues, but it is the
record. This is no projection. This is what actually happened. They
took that 18.4 percent of GDP they inherited in spending from the
Clinton administration, and they ran it up to 20.3 percent of GDP.
So when we are talking about who is spending around here, the record
shows it has been the other side that increased the spending. At the
same time they increased the spending, they basically froze the revenue
of the United States. Maybe we could put that chart up for a minute
because it is good to look at history and look at facts and not use
these tired, old nostrums.
Here is what has happened to the revenue while the other side has
been in charge. In 2000, the revenue of the United States was just over
$2 trillion. The Bush administration came in and real revenue went
down. In 2001, they had tax cuts; in 2002, revenue went down further;
in 2003, real revenue went down further; 2004, it stayed down; in 2005,
it stayed down. Only in 2006 did we get back to the revenue base we had
in 2000, in real terms.
We had this combination, under our colleagues, of a stagnant revenue
base for 6 years combined with a 40-percent increase in spending during
their period of control.
In dollar terms, 2002 spending was $2 trillion. They have run it up
to $2.8 trillion on their watch, or a 40-percent increase. With a
stagnant revenue base, what is the result? The result is that debt has
exploded. If we can put up the chart that shows what happened to the
debt of the United States on their watch, the debt exploded.
The word you will never hear leave the lips of our colleagues on the
other side of the aisle is ``debt.'' They will never mention it. Here
is what has happened to the debt while they have been in charge. It has
gone from $5.8 trillion at the end of the President's first year--we
will not hold him responsible for the first year--it has gone to $9
trillion on his watch, and if his budget is followed over the next 5
years, it goes to $12 trillion.
Even worse, foreign holdings of U.S. debt have more than doubled
under this President, putting us deep in hock to the Japanese, the
Chinese, the British, the oil-exporting countries. Sometimes I get
confused because we are borrowing money from so many different entities
right around the world under this President, putting us deeper and
deeper in debt.
Mr. President, I see that my colleague, Senator Dorgan, has come. The
previous agreement we had was that he would go. But Senator Grassley is
also here. Perhaps you could inform us of the time remaining. Perhaps
we could work it out so Senator Grassley can go next.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Obama.) The Senator from New Hampshire has
22\1/2\ minutes remaining. The Senator from North Dakota has 21\1/2\
minutes remaining.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, I think the fair thing would be, if I can
say to the manager on the other side, Senator Grassley has been here,
and we really intended him to go next.
Mr. GREGG. How much time will Senator Dorgan take?
Mr. DORGAN. Twelve or fourteen minutes.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, if we could----
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Mr. GREGG. Why don't we go to Senator Grassley for 15 minutes, then
Senator Dorgan for 15 minutes? But before we do that, I wish to respond
quickly--no more than 2 minutes--to some of the comments made by the
Senator from North Dakota.
The first point is this: It truly is a budget from the land of Oz
when you make representations that you are not increasing spending
when, by your own terms, you are increasing discretionary spending $205
billion over the President's number.
It is equally a budget from the land of Oz when you say you are not
raising taxes when, in fact, you are raising taxes not $726 billion but
$916 billion because you have put in place a phony trigger mechanism to
allege that $180 billion of tax increases will not go into effect when
it is absolutely clear that they will.
It is equally disingenuous and from the land of Oz to claim that you
are not increasing the debt of the Federal Government when the debt of
the Federal Government is going to go up $2.5 trillion and almost all
the surplus that you allege to have reached is going to be borrowed
from the Social Security fund, debt borrowed from the Social Security
fund, and all of the deficit over this period is going to be debt
borrowed from the Social Security fund.
So it is an attack on the Social Security fund, it is an attack on
the taxpayers of America with the largest increase in history, and it
is a dramatic expansion of spending of this Government and growth in
the great size of this Government.
I would note that the Senator's charts conveniently ignore the fact
that we had an Internet bubble which melted and caused a significant
recession which was increased dramatically by the attacks on 9/11, and
that is why your GDP numbers are skewed during that period, because the
gross national product did not grow in the face of a recession and what
happened as a result of 9/11; and that your outyear numbers are equally
skewed because you basically presume we are not at war, which hopefully
we won't be, and hopefully we can all take credit for that, but the
fact is you don't even account for the cost of the war should the war
extend beyond 2009, and so that creates different projections on costs.
Mr. President, I yield 15 minutes to the Senator from Iowa.
Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, if I might just for 30 seconds say that
when the Senator calls this the Wizard of Oz budget, I would accept
that characterization of courage, brains, and heart. That is this
budget.
Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, that was not the Wizard of Oz, that was the
lion--that was the scarecrow, and clearly, if Dorothy looked at this
budget, she would find the Wizard of Oz still behind the curtain.
Mr. CONRAD. Courage, brains, and heart.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Iowa is recognized.
Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, over the last 26 years, the budget
resolution provided the necessary resources to allow the committee that
I used to chair and now am ranking member on, the Finance Committee,
jurisdiction over taxes. It provided us the necessary resources,
usually in a bipartisan manner, to realistically address the demands of
tax, trade, health and welfare policies--all things within the
jurisdiction of our committee. So reading this budget compromise, I am
very disappointed to say that this year is very much different than
over the last few years.
Now, I know the people spoke in November, and for the first time in
12 years the Democrats are in the majority and in control of the
congressional budget process. As ranking Republican on the Finance
Committee, I was not consulted at any point by our distinguished
chairman of the Budget Committee on this year's budget resolution.
Unfortunately, after reviewing the resolution conference agreement, the
agreement that is before us now, it is clear it does not realistically
address the needs of the very important work of the Finance Committee.
Despite claims to the contrary, this budget does not provide for even
1 year, not even 1 year of alternative minimum tax relief, the tax that
is going to hit 23 million Americans this very year, right now, who
were not paying that AMT last year. Now, that is even for 1 year, let
alone 2 years or even a 1-year extension of the provisions that will
expire this year. So this budget puts the burden on the Finance
Committee, the tax-writing committee, to come up with the offsets to
pay for the alternative minimum tax relief and for other extenders that
it is necessary for us to pass.
On these immediate needs, on the AMT and other extenders, the
Democratic Budget Committee's press release says:
AMT relief. The conference agreement prevents the spread of
the alternative minimum tax so that it does not impose a
higher tax on middle income families. It ensures that the
number of taxpayers subject to the AMT will not be allowed to
increase in 2007, protecting some 20 million middle class
taxpayers from being subject to that tax.
Now, if that were really happening, I would applaud it. I have looked
over the resolution, I have looked over the statement of managers, and
I cannot find the basis for what is in the press release. If you look
at the numbers, unlike the past 6 years of Republican budgets, you will
not find tax relief room to accommodate the alternative minimum tax.
You will not find any tax relief room for anything, including very
important extenders which are popular around here which everyone wants
to extend from year to year.
The chairman, I am sure, will respond that the Finance Committee tax
tab will find revenue-raising offsets. More on that in a few minutes.
Without question, however, this resolution does not provide the tax-
writing committees of both Houses with the resources to prevent the
spread of the alternative minimum tax for this year or next year to
those more than 23 million middle-income taxpayers who were never
supposed to be paying the alternative minimum tax. It is simply not in
the black-and-white print of this resolution, regardless of what the
press releases say.
Let's turn to the offset point. As a farmer, I would like to think we
country folks can teach people in the city a lesson or two. The first
chart involves the method a lot of us farmers use to get water. It is a
well. Here is the top of the well. I am pointing to the top of the
well. You can see it is a long well, and there is some water way down
at the bottom of the well, but you will see the well is almost dry.
Now, as I indicated a few months ago, the budget resolution does not
contain tax relief room sufficient to cover the revenue loss of the
alternative minimum tax and other time-sensitive tax extenders. What we
are told by those who drew up this budget is that the tax-writing
committees will find the money.
The offset well shows about $44 billion in known, identified, and
scored revenue-raisers which the Senate Democratic caucus has supported
in the past. I used this chart about 2 months ago. Now I have updated
it to account for $2 billion in new revenue-raisers developed by the
Finance Committee tax tab. That figure of $1 billion a month is in line
with historical averaging. How reliable is that average, and can we
count on it?
As a farmer, I know something about the predictability of well water.
You hope you will get rain and it will give you a decent level of well
water. As a former chairman and now ranking member of the committee, I
know something about revenue-raisers. I have been here, done that, been
through all of that. When I was chairman, I aggressively led efforts to
identify and enact sensible revenue-raisers aimed at closing the tax
gap and shutting down tax shelters. As ranking member, I continue to
look for ways to shut off unintended tax benefits. So I consider myself
to be credible on what is realistic when it comes to revenue-raisers.
From 2001 through 2006, Congress extended over 100 offsets with
combined revenue scores of $1.7 billion over 1 year, $51 billion over 5
years, and $157 billion over 10 years. That figure is reflected in this
chart. It is reflected in that $51 billion figure you have up there at
the top. So if you look at the recent history, we can realistically
figure the tax tab will find about $1 billion a month.
Right now, all we can find that is specified, drafted and scored by
the scorers of the Joint Tax Committee is a big amount of money, but
compared to what is needed, a mere $44 billion. The revenue-raising
well shows about
[[Page S6246]]
$44 billion in available, defined, and scored offsets at the waterline
there.
The defenders of this resolution now will say a virtual cornucopia of
revenue-raisers is there in this well from the tax gap and shutting
down offshore tax scams. I take a backseat to no one on reducing the
tax gap and shutting down offshore tax shelters. I have the scars to
show for those efforts over the past few years. But the defined and
scored tax gap proposals are already included. That is that figure of
$6 billion up there on the chart. Likewise, a proposal targeting tax-
haven countries and other offshore activities is included at $2
billion.
The well has, then, about $44 billion of offset water. This budget
anticipates a Congress which will be thirsty for this limited group of
offsets. On the thirst or demand side, you will see the bucket will be
very busy.
On the demand side, I have talked about the alternative minimum tax
fix. There is $115 billion for that fix for this year and next year.
That is what it is going to take to get that job done, the $115 billion
there. That is the biggest sum of money which is going to be demanded.
There is $20 billion for other extenders that run out at the end of
the year. Then there is $15 billion for Children's Health Insurance
Program expansion, and there is another $30 billion for the rest of the
so-called reserve funds. Here is a chart that lists the other 20-some-
odd reserve funds. You can see there is a massive demand for revenue
out there. Each of these reserve funds are an arena for popular new
spending and maybe new taxes. I will not take the time to read them
all, but veterans, affordable housing, Indian claims settlement,
childcare--all have a basis in this budget. Every one of those would be
popular expenditures. Since we know from almost a decade of fiscal
history that the Democratic leadership can't propose spending cuts, we
know the new reserve fund spending will be paid for with tax increases.
These figures reflect only the demands of the first year of a 5-year
budget. If you add them up, they add up to $180 billion in demand on
the spending and tax side. As you can see, there is about $44 billion
in revenue offsets. If you assume the tax staff will follow the
historical average of $1 billion per month, then figure about $15
billion more at best. So if we assume, in a manner most favorable to
the proponents of the resolution, that there will be $59 billion, then
this budget is short by $121 billion for the first year of the 5-year
budget. The demands on the tax-and-spending side then exceed projected
offsets by $121 billion for the first year of the resolution.
It is time for all of us to get real about what the proposed spending
is in this budget, the needs for tax policy that is promised in this
budget, and the small amount of offsets that are available.
So what is going to happen? How do we bridge that $121 billion gap?
Either the tax relief and new spending is not going to happen or we
will add that to the deficit. That is a frightening proposition, adding
it to the deficit.
Let's take a look at the rest of the agenda to those numbers. Over
the 5-year budget, going out to the year 2012, keeping existing
policies in place will have a revenue effect of $916 billion. This
includes AMT relief, if they are serious about not having those 23
million middle-income people paying taxes that they were never supposed
to pay in the first place, and extending other broadly supported
expiring positions. In the aggregate, this budget appears to provide
$180 billion in new resources for extending these policies over the 5-
year window. Look further and you will find a trigger. It is the very
trigger I talked about last week. Senator Gregg described in great
detail how the trigger will work. Suffice it to say the trigger
conditions the $180 billion in tax relief targeted for 2011 on no
future spending.
Is that the real world, no future spending? Does anyone believe this
Democratic majority will not spend future tax increases if given a
chance? If your answer is yes, then you are buying a pig in a poke. A
pig in a poke is what you are going to get, if you believe that. If you
think you are going to get a pig, you are going to get cheated. And I
have grown a few pigs in my day, so I know the difference between a pig
and a pig in a poke. This trigger mechanism is a pig in a poke. Don't
buy it. You will regret it.
So we have a situation where we have $736 billion that we have to
figure out what to do about. It is not done about in this budget. You
have to deal with tax realities, if you are going to give this sort of
tax relief. The answer is that we are going to have to find this money,
and it is not here. So it is not a real budget.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. Klobuchar). The Senator from North Dakota.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, first of all, I wish to say the Senator
from Iowa, the ranking member of the Finance Committee, has been a true
gentleman during consideration of the budget resolution. Obviously, we
have strong differences with respect to some of the policies here. I
wish to say that this man has been a gentleman. I also wish to say, on
our side, we will not forget his courtesy during consideration of the
budget.
I do want to say with respect to one of the charts he had up here, he
had 2 years of AMT relief. It is true in the Senate budget we had 2
years of AMT relief. In the conference report, we have 1 year. That
would change the numbers in his chart from $115 billion to $52 billion.
Second, in what passed in the Senate, we had $15 billion of SCHIP
funding within the budget and up to another $35 billion in a reserve
fund. Now all of the funding in what has come out of the conference
committee is in the reserve fund. So the Senator's chart, which I know
was prepared some months ago, is not consistent with what the
conference report is.
I wanted to make those two points. I again would say to others who
are listening, we don't believe there is any requirement for a tax
increase in this budget. We only have a 2-percent difference in revenue
between the President's budget and our budget and the CBO score. If you
look at what the President said his budget would produce in revenue, it
is virtually identical to what our budget produces.
With that, I yield 11 minutes to the Senator from North Dakota, my
colleague, Mr. Dorgan.
Mr. DORGAN. I thank my colleague for his leadership. I don't know
where to start with the issues of the pig in the poke and the hog rules
and all these issues. But I will talk a little about issues that are
probably close to something I called the hog rule.
First, let me say this: Mark Twain once said, when asked if he would
engage in a debate, he said: Sure, as long as I can take the negative
side. They said: We haven't told you what the subject is. He said: It
doesn't matter. The negative side will take no preparation. It is easy
to oppose. That takes no preparation.
We have brought a budget to the floor of the Senate and have kind of
broken tradition. We haven't had a budget on the floor that got passed
for a year. Under the leadership of Senator Conrad, we are going to
have a budget today. That is a pretty big step forward.
Let me say that with all the budget talk, we went to war a few years
ago and we sent soldiers halfway around the world to go to war. The
country didn't go to war. This Congress didn't go to war. Every single
dollar we have used to fight that war has been borrowed. We say to the
soldiers: Go, fight, put on America's uniform, go represent your
country. But the fact is, the President says: I want emergency
supplemental appropriations for it all, and we will add it all to the
debt. It is an unbelievable fiscal policy. Send the soldiers to war;
Americans, go shopping. That is what we were told to do by the
President. By the way, let's not ask anybody to sacrifice.
We see significant fiscal policy problems. This budget begins to
start to try to deal with them. They have been growing now for about 6
or 7 years. This administration inherited a surplus and very quickly
turned it into a large budget deficit.
This is a budget. Someone once asked the question, if you were asked
to write an obituary about someone and knew nothing about the person,
had never met the person but only had their checkbook registry as a
frame of reference, what kind of obituary would you write? You would
probably be able to take a look at what they spent their money on and
tell a little something about their value system, what did they think
was important, what did
[[Page S6247]]
they treasure, what did they value. You can do the same thing with this
country's budget.
It is true that 100 years from now we will all be dead. But history
will record what we have done. They can look at the budget we passed,
and they can see what we believed were the priorities for this Nation.
The President sends us a proposal and says: Here are my priorities.
Let's propose spending in a way that loses ground on the issue of
funding the National Institutes of Health and making the investments in
needed cancer research and research into other dread diseases. Let's
cut back on Head Start relative to the money that is needed to continue
Head Start for young children. Let's decide that energy efficiency and
renewable energy are not as important. These are priorities from the
President. I could go on at some great length.
I disagree with that. I think many of these things represent
investments in the country's future. My colleague and those who work
with him on the Budget Committee have put together a different set of
priorities. It is a better set of priorities that says: Yes, there are
some areas that are just spending money. There are other areas that
represent an investment in the future. That is why I think this budget
is a good document. I am pleased today to support it.
Let me go to one other piece because I feel so strongly about it. I
have offered amendment after amendment on this subject. My colleague
has included proposed revenues in this budget from those who are not
now paying their fair share. Some say that is a mirage, that is a shell
game. You know what is happening. We have a pernicious tax break that
says: Shut down your manufacturing plants in America, fire your
workers, move your jobs overseas, and we will give you a big tax cut. I
can't believe anything quite as foolish as that, but we have it. We
have voted on it four times here. I am going to offer an amendment this
year again that says: Let's not subsidize moving jobs overseas with a
tax cut for those who do it.
Even more than that, I have used this on many occasions for 2 years
now. This is the Ugland House. It sits on a quiet little street in the
Cayman Islands called Church Street. It is a 5-story building, home to
12,748 corporations. Thanks to some enterprising reporting by David
Evans from Bloomberg----
Mr. GREGG. Will the Senator yield for a question?
Mr. DORGAN. I regret I don't have the time.
Mr. GREGG. I will use my time. I will take the question off my time,
not the answer.
Mr. DORGAN. Let me finish my comments. If I have time, I will be
happy to engage. This represents a legal fiction, 12,748 corporations
say that this is their home. No, it is not. This is a playhouse for tax
avoidance. That is what this is about. They get to run their income
through here so they don't to have pay taxes to the U.S. Government.
They want all the opportunities that come with being an American except
the responsibility to pay taxes.
Thousands of companies take up residence in tax haven countries for
the purpose of avoiding taxes. Many other companies use entirely
different, yet legal, tax avoidance schemes. One example is the sale of
a German sewage system in Bochum, Germany, that nets Wachovia Bank $175
million in tax savings. I don't even understand how the transaction
works. Does someone walk into an investment banking firm and say: Do
you have a sewer section here, or do you have a sewer specialist I
could talk to? Because I would like to avoid taxes by investing in a
German sewer system. Maybe the receptionist says: We have a section
over here in our investment banking firm that actually specializes in
foreign sewers. Wachovia apparently found one. They saved $175 million.
Does that mean they used the sewage system? No. Does it mean they
actually have a need for it? Does it actually change hands? No, it is
still underground in Germany. What it does is, it allows this company
to avoid paying U.S. taxes.
How about an American company leasing a city hall in Germany? This is
a town hall in Germany, leased by an American company. For what
purpose? To avoid paying U.S. taxes. Wouldn't it be great if folks down
the block or up the street or out on the farm who have to pay taxes in
this country could say: You know what, I have a new idea. You and I are
going to buy a sewage system in England. People would say: Are you
nuts? That is what is happening in corporate boardrooms.
Another example is leasing transaction involving streetcars in
Germany. An American corporation wants to operate German streetcars.
Why? Because they enjoy riding in streetcars? No. They will never get
in them. It is because they particularly want to avoid paying U.S.
taxes.
In Chicago, they put together something called a 911 emergency call
system. They put that together. Guess what: When Chicago shoppers
hunted for bargains a few days after Christmas last year, two big
financial firms landed their own sweet deal. FleetBoston Financial and
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking bought Chicago's 911 emergency call system. No,
Chicago was not in the throes of privatization, the story says from the
Wall Street Journal. This was companies again deciding: We would like
to buy assets we have no need for that belong to the public, and what
we would like to do is use them to avoid paying U.S. taxes.
That is unbelievable to me. I would think every single Member of the
Senate would look at this and say: That makes me sick, and it has to
stop--not tomorrow; no, we are not going to begin to wean off this
system--but, right now, we are going to say that nobody is going to be
able to buy a foreign sewer system in order to decide they are not
going to pay U.S. taxes.
Go to any restaurant in this country, any small town cafe in this
country, and sit around and order a cup of coffee and ask the folks you
are sitting with: Do you think this should be allowed? They would look
at you and say: Are you out of your mind?
Well, the reason I talk about this is because this is in this budget
to be shut down. Senator Conrad has said--and I have offered amendments
on the floor of the Senate--we are going to shut this kind of thing
down. The other side kind of laughs and scoffs at this and says: Well,
you can't shut that down.
I know, in fact, no one will stand up, if I ask: Will someone today
come over to the floor of the Senate and stand up and say: Do you know
what? Count me in. I am a big fan of having U.S. companies buy foreign
sewer systems. Sign my name to it. Give me credit for it. Nobody will
do that. It is kind of in the dark of the night that all this tax
policy gets made.
That is what my colleague says in this budget: Let's begin to shut
that down. Let's begin to collect the revenues, reduce the Federal
deficits.
These deficits--at some point somebody is going to have to pay them.
This administration inherited a very large budget surplus. I stood on
the floor of the Senate and said maybe we ought to be a little
conservative here, and the President and his minions said: No, no, no.
Let's decide that we want to give it all back, despite the fact we did
not have it yet. It was 10 years of projected surplus.
Guess what. In a matter of months, we found out we were in a
recession. Then we had 9/11. Then we had a war in Afghanistan. Then we
had a war in Iraq. Huge surpluses were turned into huge deficits and
much more spending for a war, for which the President said: Oh, by the
way, we are not going to pay for that. We are going to ask that all of
it be funded with zero requests in the budget because we are going to
send you emergency requests, and you can add it to the deficit. So we
send soldiers to war, and when they come back, they can help pay the
cost of the war because we are not going to do it.
That is what is wrong with this fiscal policy. We were on a road to
nowhere and a road to real trouble, and finally we have a budget that
begins to force change. Is it going to happen overnight? No. It is
going to take some time. But this budget is a budget that moves us
finally in the right direction.
I commend Senator Conrad and all those who worked on it. I am proud
to be part of it and will be proud to vote for it.
Madam President, how much time remains?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator's time has expired.
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Mr. DORGAN. Madam President, I yield the floor.
Mr. GRASSLEY. Madam President, I was struck by the exchange between
the Senators from North Dakota regarding abusive leasing transactions
called SILOs and so-called corporate inversion transactions. They
seemed to express dismay that this body can't shut down these deals.
Listening to them, it seemed like they had no idea that:
No. 1, the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 stopped the SILO deals
on a prospective basis--no new deals can be done after March 12, 2004.
As enacted, JCT scored this provision as raising $7 billion over 5
years and $27 billion over 10 years.
No. 2, the Senate-passed version of the JOBS bill, which received the
vote of 92 Senators, would have shut off future tax benefits from
foreign SILO deals, like the deals for European sewer systems and
townhalls, that were entered into before March 12, 2004, but the
Republican House conferees blocked it.
No. 3, the American Jobs Creation Act also stopped corporate
inversion transactions for deals done after March 4, 2003, raising $830
million over 10 years, according to JCT.
No. 4, the Senate-passed JOBS bill would have applied the anti-
inversion legislation back to March 20, 2002, when I put companies on
notice that legislation would shut these deals down.
No. 5, just this year, the Senate passed a minimum wage/small
business bill, which had the vote of 94 Senators. One provision in that
bill would shut off future tax benefits for foreign SILOs. That
provision would raise about $4 billion over 5 and 10 years. Another
provision would have denied prospective tax benefits for inversions
entered into after March 20, 2002. That provision would have raised
over $1 billion.
But the Democratic chairman of the Ways and Means Committee refuses
to agree with the Senate on these points. In fact, he held a hearing
earlier this year to sympathize with lobbyists wanting to preserve
these illicit tax benefits.
So, in this body, there is near unanimous agreement that Congress
should act to stop the future tax benefits from foreign SILOs no matter
when they were entered into. So I am not sure what the Senators from
North Dakota are complaining about. They should be complaining to their
brethren across the Capitol, not this body.
The North Dakota Senators are preaching to the choir when it comes to
shutting down tax shelters. Look at my track record. Nobody has been
more of a tax shelter hawk than me when it comes to Senate-passed and
enacted legislation. I want to close the tax gap. I want to shut down
tax shelters. My track record proves that. But we need to be realistic
in looking at the amount of JCT scored revenue we can expect to get
with sensible, effective legislation. But the assumptions in this
budget are just not realistic.
Mr. President, the distinguished chairman made a couple of comments
on the charts I used a short time ago.
The senior Senator from North Dakota stated first the chart
incorrectly reflected the SCHIP number. The number used in the chart
reflects an estimate of the first year, fiscal year 2008, of the
Democratic SCHIP proposal. In addition, the senior Senator from North
Dakota said the chart reflected 2 years of the AMT patch. He was
correct. These are, however, 2 years of the patch, tax years 2007 and
2008, to consider with respect to fiscal year 2008.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota is recognized.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I would like to yield 5 minutes to the
Senator from New Jersey, Mr. Menendez. I thank him for his very
important leadership in the Budget Committee. He has been an extremely
valuable member on the Budget Committee and has helped us write this
budget.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Jersey is recognized.
Mr. MENENDEZ. Madam President, let me say, as a member of the Senate
Budget Committee, I am extremely proud of the budget resolution
conference report before us. I commend the distinguished chairman of
the committee for his leadership and for succeeding in the daunting
goal of putting together a final budget resolution. It would not have
happened without him. I appreciate his depth of experience in changing
the direction of our values in this budget.
This budget accomplishes what we set out to achieve at the outset of
this Congress. It fulfills our responsibilities in key priorities, such
as children's health care, education, and veterans services. It sets us
on a strong fiscal path, balancing in 5 years, and achieving a surplus
in 2012. It allows for key tax relief for middle-class families.
Now, I have heard a lot of claims being made today about what the
budget does and does not do. So let's be clear. I think Americans
should know the choices that are at stake because this budget makes
some clear choices and sets a very different set of priorities than the
budget the President sent to us.
Our budget allows for up to $50 billion to be spent on reauthorizing
SCHIP, so we can ensure that America's neediest children get the care
and health coverage they need. Now, making the health coverage of our
Nation's most vulnerable children a top priority would seem like a no-
brainer for Members of Congress who have access to some of the best
health coverage in the world, but that was not the case in the
President's budget. His budget fell far short of what is needed to
continue coverage for children who are already enrolled, let alone
enough to expand coverage moving forward.
Our budget provides more than $9 billion--$9 billion more than the
President for education. Now, why such a high increase? Well, look back
at the past few years of education funding under the President, and you
will see how much damage we are trying to repair.
For the next year alone, the President would have slashed $1.5
billion in Federal education funds, stifled student aid, deepened the
hole in No Child Left Behind funding, and eliminated 44 programs, from
education technology, to dropout prevention, to low-cost Perkins loans.
This budget rejects that long list of cuts to education. We increase
funding by $3.5 billion over last year, so we can start to reverse the
downward spiral that has plagued education under this President and the
Republican majorities of the past and provide students the
opportunities they deserve.
Our budget will increase funding for veterans' benefits and health
services by $6.7 billion. It meets the request of the independent
veterans groups and would increase veterans funding by $3.5 billion
over the President's request. For far too long, under this
administration's watch, our veterans have been held hostage to a subpar
system that has failed to provide the care they deserve. Our budget
puts an end to the funding deficiencies that have set that system up
for failure. It also rejects the President's proposal to raise fees and
copays for veterans.
Our budget shows our first responders that we will put our money
where our mouth is. We will not tell our fire fighters, police
officers, and emergency responders that we support them day in and day
out but then provide them a fraction of the resources they need to do
their jobs. So in addition to rejecting the President's mind-boggling
proposal to cut first responder grants by more than $1 billion, we
provide key increases for homeland security programs, including enough
to double grants for port, rail, transit, and chemical security. We
also restore funds that would have decimated the COPS Program--to put
police officers on the streets of our communities--and the SAFER fire
grants.
Despite all the rhetoric from the other side of the aisle about our
budget plan, the fact is, we extend tax cuts that we all agree are
pivotal for middle-class families. Our budget would continue marriage
tax relief, extend the child tax credit, and lower tax brackets
targeted to help the middle class. It would ensure that no new
taxpayers would fall subject to higher taxes because of the alternative
minimum tax next year.
Madam President, does the chairman have an additional minute?
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I yield an additional minute to the
Senator from New Jersey.
Mr. MENENDEZ. I thank the Senator.
But what is key in our budget is how we achieve this tax relief. The
difference is, we pay for it. Under our
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strong pay-go rule, we will end the days of promising tax cuts now and
paying for them 10 years down the road.
Madam President, I think our plan is clear. This budget is a
significant departure from the debt-drenched plans we have seen from
the President and Republicans year after year. This budget ends an era
of dumping the fiscal burden on our children, our schools, and our
veterans. Instead of undermining education, abdicating our
responsibilities in health care, and neglecting our veterans, this
budget restores a commonsense balance to our values that we should
expect from the greatest Nation in the world.
We have a long road to digging ourselves out of the holes this
President has created. But this budget is a first and sound step toward
building a stronger nation.
Mr. GREGG. Madam President, will the Senator entertain a question?
Mr. MENENDEZ. Madam President, I say to the Senator, if you have
time, I will be happy to.
Mr. GREGG. The Senator listed a whole series of accounts where
spending has been increased. I was wondering if the Senator has added
up that list he listed there. Is there a total? The Senator listed a
specific set of numbers.
I added it up to be about $14 billion. Is that incorrect?
Mr. MENENDEZ. Madam President, I do not have that listing before me
right now. But the bottom line is, in this budget, whatever are those
increases I cited, they are paid for and ultimately meet the challenges
we have as a country.
Does the Senator disagree with any of those priorities we have?
Mr. GREGG. Madam President, I am trying to get to the bottom of the
question of whether this budget increases spending over the President's
number.
The Senator from North Dakota has represented it does not. Yet
Senator after Senator from the other side of the aisle has come to the
floor and told us how much spending has increased.
Mr. MENENDEZ. Madam President, I think it is a reprioritization of
those values within the context of the budget.
Mr. GREGG. Madam President, of course it is not. It is a $205 billion
increase over the President's number.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I make no assertion--I make no
assertion--that we have not increased spending over the President's
proposal. Certainly, we do because we have more spending for this
Nation's veterans and for health care for our veterans. We have more
spending for children's health care. We have more spending for
education. We have more money for law enforcement. Why? Because the
President cut the COPS Program 94 percent--the COPS Program to put
100,000 police officers on the streets. The President says: Cut it 94
percent. We do not agree with that. The President says we are not going
to have the funding for our Nation's veterans, which the Nation's
veterans say is essential.
Madam President, I ask for the time circumstance on both sides.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota has 5 seconds.
The Republican side has 4 minutes 1 second.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that we now
extend the time until 3:45 and equally divided between the two
managers.
Mr. GREGG. Madam President, that is presuming after this time has
expired, so we would not be equally dividing my 4 minutes.
Mr. CONRAD. Absolutely. I am extending the time past 3:30.
Mr. GREGG. The additional time be divided equally.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
The Senator from New Hampshire.
Mr. GREGG. Madam President, there is a consistent inconsistency about
the presentation from the other side of the aisle about this budget.
The representation it does not raise taxes, on its face, is not
consistent with the language in this budget.
Why would we have had to have the Baucus amendment, which extended
tax cuts and reduced taxes--or represented it did--by $180 billion, if
there had not been a tax increase in the bill?
There is a tax increase in the bill. In fact, the trigger language in
this bill, which is now placed on top of the Baucus language, means the
Baucus tax cuts--which were the original tax cuts of the President and
they are being extended--will not come into fruition. They cannot
possibly come into fruition because of the complexity of the trigger
mechanism. They are subject to 60 votes. It is a Pyrrhic statement that
those tax cuts exist. So this budget has a $916 billion tax increase in
it.
Then, the representation that it does not increase spending--it
increases spending dramatically. This is a budget that does what
Democrats do: It raises taxes and it spends a lot of money. That is the
game plan.
Then, there is the representation on the other side that they do not
want to impact Social Security. Yet the budget takes $1 billion out of
the Social Security trust fund in order to spend on their initiatives.
They have a $200 billion domestic spending proposal on the
discretionary side over what the President has. That spending comes
directly out of the Social Security trust fund. It is a direct attack
on the Social Security trust fund.
There is, of course, no effort on the entitlement side at all to
control spending. The debt goes up by about $2.5 trillion.
But one of the key elements is this question of the trigger. I asked
my staff to try to explain in layman's terms what this mechanism is
that will allow the Baucus language to go forward, which would extend
the tax cuts of the President of the United States. Well, in layman's
terms, it is an alleged $180 billion extension of those tax cuts, which
is subject to conditions only Rube Goldberg could appreciate. So we
took a Rube Goldberg chart and we showed the different numbers that
reflect what is happening. Essentially, the way this works is the tax
legislation must include the following contingent provisions:
None of the tax relief in this act shall have legal force
and effect unless the Secretary of the Treasury and the
Director of OMB project a surplus in 2012.
So these tax cuts do not get extended if there is no surplus, and we
already know the capacity to spend money on the other side of the aisle
will wipe out that surplus because the surplus is such a close number.
Secondly, the tax relief can cost $180 billion or 20 percent of the
projected surplus, whichever is smaller. So not only do they probably
not have a surplus so they can't have the tax cut they allege they
have--and it is not a tax cut; it is an extension of the tax policies
which are in place today--but they create a mechanism which says you
are not going to get all of that, you are only going to get 20 percent
of it, and you know it is not going to be $20 billion.
What if the tax writing committees in their wisdom do not include the
contingency clause? Well, then we switch to an entirely whole new set
of miscellaneous conditions on the trigger. The House Budget Committee
then has the following authority, the chairman: He will increase
revenue numbers in the budget resolution to take away the tax cut if
the Finance Committee doesn't include the contingency, and so instead
of a budget increasing taxes to $736 billion, it actually ends up
increasing taxes $916 billion.
There were a number of people who were wandering around this Senate
after the last budget left here saying: Oh, hey, we included the Baucus
language which extends those tax cuts which we agreed with the
President on, which are things such as the child tax credit, protection
of married people from the spousal tax, the tuition tax credit, credits
for teachers who use money from their own personal accounts to help out
in their schoolroom. We extended all those. But now we find out they
didn't, and they don't, because they have created this trigger
mechanism which came from the House which had none of those extensions,
which makes it virtually impossible to presume these extensions are
going to occur.
There are a lot of folks around here who are going to walk away with
egg on their face, I believe. They are going to say they voted for a
budget last time through where they extended those tax cuts, and this
time they are going to try to claim they are doing it again when, in
fact, what they are doing is setting up a clear action that
[[Page S6250]]
can't be accomplished. It is another example of a consistent
inconsistency of this budget.
I reserve the remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota is recognized.
Mr. CONRAD. I thank the Chair.
I have concluded from the Senator's remarks today he remains
undecided on the budget. No. I know the Senator is opposed. He has done
a very good job, I might say, of making his side of the case. The great
thing about our country and about this institution is we have the right
to come here and debate openly and even passionately our different
views, and we have the right at the end of the day here to vote, and
the majority rules. For 3 of the last 5 years, this country has had no
budget. Hopefully, at the end of today, we will have put in place a
budget for our country. That is our obligation and our responsibility,
and I believe at the end of the day we will have accomplished this.
Even though the Senator from New Hampshire and I disagree with
respect to the specifics of this budget, we agree on certain very
important things. No. 1, we agree on the importance of having a budget.
No. 2, the Senator and I happen to agree--and you would certainly miss
this if you were listening to the debate today--but the Senator from
New Hampshire and I have strong agreement on the unsustainability of
our long-term budget situation. The Senator has talked about where we
are headed in the long term, and I entirely agree with him, that in the
long term we have a budget circumstance that is unsustainable, and it
is going to be important for us to discipline the long-term
entitlements. It is also going to be important to address these fiscal
imbalances we face as a nation. We have begun the process by writing a
budget that does balance by 2012, with a $41 billion surplus in 2012.
The President still has not presented a budget that balances.
The Senator has questioned this whole trigger mechanism. It is true
we did not have one in the Senate. The House insisted on a trigger
mechanism in the conference. Let me indicate where we are with respect
to the way the trigger works.
Under Office of Management and Budget numbers, the surplus in 2012
will currently exceed the amount needed to fully implement the Baucus
amendment. The budget resolution surplus, excluding the Baucus
amendment in 2012, is $290 billion. The trigger says you can only use
80 percent of that amount for tax relief. That would be $232 billion.
The Baucus amendment costs $180 billion. So under the current OMB
projections, the full middle-class tax relief that was provided for in
the budget in the Senate will still be eligible, and that includes the
relief for the estate tax reform as well.
In terms of how the trigger actually works, under current scoring by
the Office of Management and Budget, there is sufficient room to have
all of the middle-class tax reductions extended and to provide for
estate tax relief.
What happens if this changes? What happens is we go through the year.
For example, what happens when we pass a supplemental appropriations
bill? That will certainly change the outyear forecast. There will be
other things that may change the outyear forecast. Hopefully, revenue
will come in above forecast. Other things will occur. None of us know.
What happens if there is a future military conflict? What happens if
there is a horrible natural disaster? We don't know.
What we do know is if there are not sufficient resources to permit
the middle-class tax cuts being extended, that will not preclude us
from providing the middle-class tax cuts; it would simply mean to
whatever extent there is not budget room, we would have to find
offsets. We would have to find a way to pay for it, or we would have to
have a supermajority vote in the Senate. We would have to have at least
60 votes. Does anyone doubt this Chamber would produce a super-majority
vote for middle-class tax relief?
Let's revisit the Baucus amendment that passed here on the floor of
the Senate to provide middle-class tax relief and to provide estate tax
reform. What was the vote? It was 97 to 1. That was the vote, 97 to 1.
In the House, the vote was 364 to 57. Let's not be scaring people out
across the country suggesting that the middle class will see their
taxes go up. That is not what this budget provides. This budget
provides all the money necessary to extend the middle-class tax relief
and to provide for estate tax reform. Those provisions passed the
Senate on a vote of 97 to 1 and passed the House of Representatives on
a vote of 364 to 57. So even if we get to the point where the trigger
is pulled because there are not sufficient resources in 2012, Congress
retains the flexibility to extend the middle-class tax cuts and to
reform the estate tax, and the evidence is pretty clear, the vote is
going to be overwhelming to do it.
I thank the Chair. I ask at this point the time remaining.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is 13 seconds remaining on the
Democratic side and 4 minutes 50 seconds remaining on the Republican
side.
The Senator from New Hampshire.
Mr. GREGG. I suggest we extend the time until 3:50 and that the
additional time be equally divided.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. GREGG. Make it 3:55.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. GREGG. Madam President, we heard the Senator represent that the
administration doesn't have a surplus projected, and yet he used
administration numbers to project a surplus, so more consistent
inconsistency.
But I think a more substantive issue here is the irony of the fact
that the other side has such an aversion to letting people keep their
own money through having reasonable tax rates, such as the spousal--not
having penalties for people who are married, not having a child tax
credit, having a tuition tax credit, paying teachers a credit for when
they buy extra supplies for their classroom. They have such an aversion
to those types of initiatives which let people keep their own money
that they put in place a trigger mechanism to try to stop those things
from occurring should they want to spend money to basically absorb that
tax relief. The irony is they don't put in any trigger mechanism for
the new spending they are proposing. There is a trigger mechanism here
that says: Well, you can't keep your own tax dollars, you can't keep
your own money; we are going to take it away from you in taxes, but
there is no trigger mechanism that says when we spend a lot more money,
which this proposal does, there should be some second-look mechanism to
see if we can afford it. If we are running a deficit, why should we be
adding new spending? There should be a trigger mechanism.
Well, I think it is because there is a philosophical difference here,
obviously. On our side of the aisle, we believe it is the people's
money and it shouldn't be taken from them unless you absolutely have to
take it, and that the Government doesn't spend the money better than
people spend their own money. On the other side of the aisle, it is the
opposite view.
The additional irony or the additional inconsistency is those tax
rates which have most benefited this economy and caused it to grow
dramatically, and which have most benefited the Federal Treasury in
that they have generated a huge amount of revenue we didn't expect,
capital gains rates and the dividend rates are not included under any
circumstances in this trigger exercise. The people who benefit the most
from those are seniors, because seniors are the ones on fixed incomes
and have dividend incomes. Seniors are the ones, when they get to that
point in their life where they try to sell that asset which they have
built up over the years--maybe a restaurant or a small business or
their home--and they now are going to, under this proposal, get hit
with a doubling of the capital gains tax, or almost a doubling, and a
doubling to a 2\1/2\ times increase in dividend tax rates. No trigger
mechanism, no matter how fallacious or fraudulent it is--which this one
is--is even put in to try to protect them.
This is a budget which is truly in the tradition and which is the
philosophy of the other side of the aisle, which is that you raise
taxes, you spend money, and we in Washington know a heck of lot better
how to spend your money than you do, the American wage-earner, the
American individual.
We have been over this ground a lot, and you may think we are going
over it again and again, and that is because we
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are stalling for time, actually. We are waiting for the House to take
action, and we are hoping they take it fairly soon so we can move to a
vote.
Pending that, however, I do want to take a couple of minutes and
thank my staff, led by Scott Gudes, who has done such an extraordinary
job. They work ridiculous hours for low pay and they do it
extraordinarily well. I want to thank the Democratic staff, led by Mary
Naylor, who do an equal amount of hard work and probably get paid a lot
more, I don't know. But they are special people, these folks who make
this place run and work well, and we appreciate all they do. I also
want to thank the chairman for his unrelenting courtesy and
professionalism in running this committee. He is always fair with the
minority.
We appreciate that. We try to run a committee that has comity, with a
``t''; although there is a fair amount of comedy, with a ``d.'' As a
result, I think of the personality of the chairman, and we are able to
do that. I appreciate his efforts in that arena.
He made the point that the country needs a budget. A bad budget we
don't need. This is a bad budget. The fact is, the institution
substantively does need a budget. We should not be running a government
of this size--or any government--without something that gives you a
blueprint. This blueprint is, obviously, a very poor one, a detrimental
one, because it will grow the size of government and increase the
burden of taxes, the deficit, and it raids the Social Security trust
fund. Other than that, it is excellent. The fact is, a budget is
important. So I am obviously of the view that should the Senator from
North Dakota succeed in passing this budget, and we actually have a
budget this year, to some degree that is an effort that he should be
congratulated for, and it is something the Congress needed to do.
I reserve the remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota is recognized.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, the Senator talks about a philosophical
difference, that this is the people's money. I agree with that
entirely. It is the people's money. It is also the people's debt, and I
deeply believe we have an obligation to pay the bills around here. The
easiest thing in the world is to come to Washington and be for every
spending program and every tax cut. The problem is, that has led to our
current circumstance--a debt that is running away from us.
Now, this budget does not solve all of our problems. I make no
assertion that it does. But it begins the process of balancing the
budget by 2012, and it begins the process of controlling the growth of
the debt, and that is critically important to us as a country.
Let me just say that the House vote is underway. I will take a few
minutes but, first, what is the time situation?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Democratic side has 3 minutes 49 seconds.
The Republican side has 3 minutes 33 seconds.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, let me indicate this is the estimate of
what this budget would do. It would take the deficit from $252 billion
to a balance of $41 billion in 2012--a surplus in 2012 of $41 billion.
It would reduce spending as a share of gross domestic product from 20.5
percent in 2008 down to 18.9 percent in 2012. It would begin to control
the growth of the debt after 2010. It would bring down gross debt as a
share of gross domestic product from 67.7 percent to 66.5 percent in
2012.
On the question of revenue, I go back to this point because it is
inescapable. The President, when he produced his budget, said he was
going to produce $14.826 trillion of revenue over the next 5 years.
Ours produces $14.828 trillion. There is virtually no difference. The
President said, when he put out his budget proposal, that was a
responsible amount of revenue to raise, $14.826 trillion. Our budget
raises virtually the identical amount that he said was the responsible
amount to raise for this 5-year period.
Now, it is true CBO later came back and said: Mr. President, your
budget doesn't raise as much as you said it would. That doesn't take
away from the fact that the President, when he proposed his budget,
thought that the amount of revenue that should be raised over this 5-
year period is $14.826 trillion. It doesn't take away from the fact
that our budget raises virtually the identical amount.
Not only do we deal with the revenue question that has been raised,
we also provide alternative minimum tax relief so that tens of millions
of people are not caught up in that tax. We extend the middle-class tax
cuts. We fully provide for, in the numbers, marriage penalty relief,
the child tax credit, the 10-percent bracket, and estate tax reform. At
the same time, we move to fund the priorities of this country,
expanding health care coverage for children because, not only is it a
good investment, but it is the right thing to do. We have up to $50
billion over the next 5 years dedicated to that purpose. We have
increased what the President called for in education funding because we
think it is critical to help parents who have their kids in college or
other higher education. So we have increased the President's budget by
some 10 percent for education.
Also, our third major priority is veterans health care. Goodness
knows, I think every Member of this body believes we need more
resources than are provided for in the President's budget to meet the
promises that have been made to this Nation's veterans. We closely
followed the independent budget advocated by the Nation's veterans
organizations.
We think this is a responsible budget worthy of our support.
Mr. GREGG. What is the time situation?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator has 3 minutes 33 seconds on the
Republican side. No time remains on the majority side.
Mr. GREGG. Madam President, we were summarizing the budget. I think
this is important. I think the Senator makes my case because he holds
up the chart about all the new spending they are doing, which is my
point. They do $205 billion in discretionary spending. There is this
tax increase issue. He holds up a chart that says we are doing the same
tax as the President, but he doesn't allude to the fact that one of
those bars is calculated under OMB and the other under CBO. If you used
the same scoring mechanism, it would show a significant difference in
taxes. The facts establish that they do not extend the tax cuts that
the President was going to extend. They don't extend them.
Then they have this phony trigger mechanism, which is a totally false
presentation, which alleges they are going to extend some tax cuts when
there is no way that triggering mechanism can work. If you were to
accurately put this number down, it would be $916 billion because the
trigger mechanism is clearly not going to be exercised, and the true
tax increase in this budget is the same as the House tax increase as it
left the House, which was $916 billion.
I think people of fairness would look at the House budget and say,
yes, the House won the debate, but there was this fig leaf put on to
make it look as if there was some tax relief in here from the initial
proposal. Clearly, the House number is the one that survived this
process--the $916 billion in tax increases, which is the biggest in
history, no two ways about it.
Then you add to the debt. Yes, the debt will go up no matter whose
budget you follow--the President's budget or the Democratic budget. The
debt will grow. I take that as a given. But the fact is, the debt is
going to grow significantly--$2.5 trillion--and it is the growth in
debt that is going to be passed on to our children. A lot of it doesn't
have to occur. At least $205 billion of it doesn't have to occur. That
is the debt that will be incurred by spending which exceeds what the
President proposed in the discretionary accounts.
Then, of course, is this issue of mandatory savings, which I happen
to think is the core failure of this budget, besides the tax increases
and spending increases because it is the outyear when our children are
going to have to start paying these bills, when their lifestyle is
going to be contracted dramatically because of the cost burdens of the
baby boom generation, and nothing is done in this budget to try to
address that.
The proposals out there are not radical. They don't even impact most
beneficiaries--the reasonable proposals. We could have saved one-third
of the outyear unfunded liability in the Medicare accounts by simply
doing a couple of things which would not have impacted beneficiaries,
other than
[[Page S6252]]
really high-income beneficiaries, people who make more than $80,000 or
$160,000, retired Senators for example, asking them to pay a fair share
of their cost of Medicare Part D, the drug program.
I see that my time is up. I am not sure we are ready to vote yet. I
hope we are. I am not sure what the status in the House is.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The majority leader is recognized.
Mr. REID. Madam President, I so appreciate the work these two fine
men have done on this bill. This was so difficult to get from that
point to where we are now. It could not have been done but for the fact
that these are two of our most experienced legislators, who work well
together. They have political differences, but they understand the
importance of getting a budget resolution.
Having said that, and recognizing some urgency in getting the vote
done, I ask unanimous consent that the next 5 minutes be equally
divided between the two managers of the bill, and if the House vote is
completed at that time--and we believe it will be--the vote occur
within 5 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? Without objection, it is
so ordered.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I thank the majority leader. He has been
an enormous and able leader going through this process. I can tell you
on our side that we would not be here today without his absolute
commitment to getting this job done, and getting it done right. My
admiration for this leader has grown dramatically, and it was already
high. Let me just say what an important leadership role he has played.
Mr. GREGG. Reserving the right to object, I wish to join the chairman
in expressing my appreciation to the majority leader and to our leader
on this side, Senator McConnell. This was a complicated exercise, and
the majority leader has been very cooperative with the Republican side
of the aisle. We very much appreciate his courtesy to us.
Am I to understand that the request was that we would now have 5
minutes--well, now we are down to 4 minutes equally divided, which
gives the Senator from North Dakota 2 more minutes to make my case; is
that correct?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Republican side has 2 minutes. The
majority party has 1 minute 57 seconds.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I will conclude by saying I think the
debate has been vigorous on both sides. I have made my points.
At this moment, I thank, first of all, my own staff. Mary Naylor, my
staff director. Each and every member of this staff has worked
extraordinary hours. I cannot even begin to say what it has been like--
weekend after weekend, night after night. The other night, they were
here until 3:30 in the morning. I deeply appreciate the sacrifice and
the commitment this staff has made.
I also thank very much Senator Gregg, the Republican manager, the
Republican ranking member. He is absolutely committed to dealing with
our long-term fiscal imbalances in a responsible way. While we may have
disagreements with respect to this budget agreement, the truth is, our
larger agreement about the need to take on these long-term fiscal
challenges, to me, overshadows the disagreements we might have on a 5-
year budget resolution.
I also appreciate the professionalism of his staff, including Scott
Gudes and his entire organization. I thank them. Although I don't like
some of the charts they produce, they are really in the best traditions
of the Senate. They are serious about public service, and we owe them a
deep debt of gratitude as well.
Finally, I will conclude by again thanking my staff. My goodness, I
will never forget the extraordinary effort they put in.
I yield the floor.
Mr. GREGG. Madam President, I reiterate what I said earlier about the
work of the staff, which was extraordinary and exceptional on both
sides of the aisle. It was fair and very professional.
These staff are truly outstanding public servants who work long hours
and bring a commanding knowledge of policy, program, and, as one might
expect, financial analysis. These are professionals who possess the
skills to dig into the specifics of Federal programs and budgetary
data, and they are just as comfortable dealing with ``the big picture''
and policy context of spending, revenues, and the overall budget of the
United States.
The Budget Committee staff members are truly an integral part of the
Gregg team, which also includes my personal office staff in Washington
and New Hampshire and my appropriations staff.
Our Budget Committee staff is led by Scott Gudes and Denzel McGuire.
The core of the Committee is our budget review group, professionals who
are among the Nation's top budget experts: Jim Hearn, Cheri Reidy,
David Pappone and Jason Delisle. Allison Parent provides our legal
expertise as general counsel, assisted by Seema Mittal. Dan Brandt is
our chief economist. Our health policy unit is headed by David Fisher
and includes Jay Khosla, Liz Wroe, Melissa Pfaff, and until very
recently Conwell Smith and Richie Weiblinger. Our team has a number of
talented analysts who handle various, what we call ``budget functions''
or programmatic areas and various departments and agencies. This
includes Vanessa Green, Winnie Chang, Mike Lofgren, Kevin Bargo,
Jennifer Pollom and Matt Giroux. Along with some of the previously
named staff, these analysts are experts on programs ranging from
Department of Defense weapons systems to agricultural subsidies to FAA
fees and modernization.
Our communications office is headed by Betsy Holahan and also
includes Jeff Turcotte and David Myers. Senator Conrad has mentioned
our charts a number of times today. This office, and especially our
webmaster David Myers, has worked tirelessly producing these--sometimes
most creative--visual aids.
Mr. President, I would be remiss if I did not recognize the
outstanding nonpartisan staff that keeps the committee operating. This
includes Lynne Seymour, one of the most professional and decent staff
members ever to work in this institution of the Senate. Lynne, Andrew
Kermick, George Woodall and Leticia Fletcher serve Democratic and
Republican staff with dedication.
Finally, I would like to reiterate our appreciation to Senator Conrad
and the majority staff. They are a pleasure to work with. Mary Naylor
and her staff, people like John Righter, Lisa Konwinski, Joel Friedman,
Joan Huffer, Jamie Morin, David Vandivier, Ann Page, Sarah Kuehl, Cliff
Isenberg, Jim Klupner, Stu Nagurka--just to name a few--they are hard-
working professionals who give Senator Conrad and the Democratic
membership on the committee 100 percent.
Of course, the Senator and I have great respect for each other. I
reiterate my praise of him and the majority leader's efforts in trying
to get this conference report going and doing it in a fair and honest
way.
I yield back the remainder of my time.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The majority leader.
Mr. REID. Madam President, this will be the last vote this week. Our
first vote next week will be a 5:30 p.m. cloture vote on the
immigration matter. It appears the Democrats and Republicans have
reached an agreement on immigration, so we will spend a lot of time on
that legislation next week, along with the supplemental.
I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
Mr. REID. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. REID. I ask for the yeas and nays.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a sufficient second?
There appears to be a sufficient second.
The clerk will report the conference report.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
The Committee of Conference on the disagreeing votes of the
two Houses on the amendments of the House to the concurrent
resolution (S. Con. Res. 21), revising the congressional
budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2008,
and setting
[[Page S6253]]
forth appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal year 2009
through 2012, having met, have agreed that the Senate recede
from its disagreement to the amendment of the House to the
text of the concurrent resolution, and agree to the same with
an amendment, signed by a majority of the conferees on the
part of both Houses.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senate will proceed to the consideration
of the conference report.
(The conference report is printed in the proceedings of the House in
the Record of Wednesday, May 16, 2007, on page H5071 (Vol. 153, No.
81).
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the conference
report. The yeas and nays have been ordered.
The clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk called the roll.
Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the Senator from South Dakota (Mr.
Johnson) is necessarily absent.
Mr. LOTT. The following Senators are necessarily absent: the Senator
from Kansas (Mr. Brownback), the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. Coburn),
the Senator from North Carolina (Mrs. Dole), the Senator from Utah (Mr.
Hatch), the Senator from Arizona (Mr. McCain), the Senator from Oregon
(Mr. Smith), and the Senator from New Hampshire (Mr. Sununu).
Further, if present and voting, the Senator from Utah (Mr. Hatch)
would have voted ``nay''.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there any other Senators in the Chamber
desiring to vote?
The result was announced--yeas 52, nays 40, as follows:
[Rollcall Vote No. 172 Leg.]
YEAS--52
Akaka
Baucus
Bayh
Biden
Bingaman
Boxer
Brown
Byrd
Cantwell
Cardin
Carper
Casey
Clinton
Collins
Conrad
Dodd
Dorgan
Durbin
Feingold
Feinstein
Harkin
Inouye
Kennedy
Kerry
Klobuchar
Kohl
Landrieu
Lautenberg
Leahy
Levin
Lieberman
Lincoln
McCaskill
Menendez
Mikulski
Murray
Nelson (FL)
Nelson (NE)
Obama
Pryor
Reed
Reid
Rockefeller
Salazar
Sanders
Schumer
Snowe
Stabenow
Tester
Webb
Whitehouse
Wyden
NAYS--40
Alexander
Allard
Bennett
Bond
Bunning
Burr
Chambliss
Cochran
Coleman
Corker
Cornyn
Craig
Crapo
DeMint
Domenici
Ensign
Enzi
Graham
Grassley
Gregg
Hagel
Hutchison
Inhofe
Isakson
Kyl
Lott
Lugar
Martinez
McConnell
Murkowski
Roberts
Sessions
Shelby
Specter
Stevens
Thomas
Thune
Vitter
Voinovich
Warner
NOT VOTING--8
Brownback
Coburn
Dole
Hatch
Johnson
McCain
Smith
Sununu
The conference report was agreed to.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I move to reconsider the vote.
Mr. DURBIN. I move to lay that motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was agreed to.
Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, I just want to thank all my colleagues
who supported this budget resolution. It is a responsible first step to
restoring fiscal responsibility and meeting the priority needs of the
country.
I thank my colleagues, I thank the Chair, and I yield the floor.
____________________