[Congressional Record Volume 152, Number 95 (Wednesday, July 19, 2006)]
[House]
[Pages H5422-H5426]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
MT. SOLEDAD VETERANS MEMORIAL PROTECTION ACT
Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the
bill (H.R. 5683) to preserve the Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial in San
Diego, California, by providing for the immediate acquisition of the
memorial by the United States, as amended.
The Clerk read as follows
H.R. 5683
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial has proudly stood
overlooking San Diego, California, for over 52 years as a
tribute to the members of the United States Armed Forces who
sacrificed their lives in the defense of the United States.
(2) The Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial was dedicated on
April 18, 1954, as ``a lasting memorial to the dead of the
First and Second World Wars and the Korean conflict'' and now
serves as a memorial to American veterans of all wars,
including the War on Terrorism.
(3) The United States has a long history and tradition of
memorializing members of the Armed Forces who die in battle
with a cross or other religious emblem of their faith, and a
memorial cross is fully integrated as the centerpiece of the
multi-faceted Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial that is replete
with secular symbols.
(4) The patriotic and inspirational symbolism of the Mt.
Soledad Veterans Memorial provides solace to the families and
comrades of the veterans it memorializes.
(5) The Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial has been recognized
by Congress as a National Veterans Memorial and is considered
a historically significant national memorial.
(6) 76 percent of the voters of San Diego supported
donating the Mt. Soledad Memorial to the Federal Government
only to have a superior court judge of the State of
California invalidate that election.
(7) The City of San Diego has diligently pursued every
possible legal recourse in order to preserve the Mt. Soledad
Veterans Memorial in its entirety for persons who have served
in the Armed Forces and those persons who will serve and
sacrifice in the future.
SEC. 2. ACQUISITION OF MT. SOLEDAD VETERANS MEMORIAL, SAN
DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.
(a) Acquisition.--To effectuate the purpose of section 116
of division E of Public Law 108-447 (118 Stat. 3346; 16
U.S.C. 431 note), which, in order to preserve a historically
significant war memorial, designated the Mt. Soledad Veterans
Memorial in San Diego, California, as a national memorial
honoring veterans of the United States Armed Forces, there is
hereby vested in the United States all right, title, and
interest in and to, and the right to immediate possession of,
the Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial in San Diego, California,
as more fully described in subsection (d).
(b) Compensation.--The United States shall pay just
compensation to any owner of the property for the property
taken pursuant to this section, and the full faith and credit
of the United States is hereby pledged to the payment of any
judgment entered against the United States with respect to
the taking of the property. Payment shall be in the amount of
the agreed negotiated value of the property or the valuation
of the property awarded by judgment and shall be made from
the permanent judgment appropriation established pursuant to
section 1304 of title 31, United States Code. If the parties
do not reach a negotiated settlement within one year after
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of
Defense may initiate a proceeding in a court of competent
jurisdiction to determine the just compensation with respect
to the taking of such property.
(c) Maintenance.--Upon acquisition of the Mt. Soledad
Veterans Memorial by the United States, the Secretary of
Defense shall manage the property and shall enter into a
memorandum of understanding with the Mt. Soledad Memorial
Association for the continued maintenance of the Mt. Soledad
Veterans Memorial by the Association.
(d) Legal Description.--The Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial
referred to in this section is all that portion of Pueblo lot
1265 of the Pueblo Lands of San Diego in the City and County
of San Diego, California, according to the map thereof
prepared by James Pascoe in 1879, a copy of which was filed
in the office of the County Recorder of San Diego County on
November 14, 1921, and is known as miscellaneous map No. 36,
more particularly described as follows: The area bounded by
the back of the existing inner sidewalk on top of Mt.
Soledad, being also a circle with radius of 84 feet, the
center of which circle is located as follows: Beginning at
the Southwesterly corner of such Pueblo Lot 1265, such corner
being South 17 degrees 14'33" East (Record South 17 degrees
14'09" East) 607.21 feet distant along the westerly line of
such Pueblo lot 1265 from the intersection with the North
line of La Jolla Scenic Drive South as described and
dedicated as parcel 2 of City Council Resolution No. 216644
adopted August 25, 1976; thence North 39 degrees 59'24" East
1147.62 feet to the center of such circle. The exact
boundaries and legal description of the Mt. Soledad Veterans
Memorial shall be determined by survey prepared by the
Secretary of Defense. Upon acquisition of the Mt. Soledad
Veterans Memorial by the United States, the boundaries of the
Memorial may not be expanded.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from
California (Mr. Hunter) and the gentleman from North Carolina (Mr.
Butterfield) each will control 20 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from California.
General Leave
Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members
have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend their remarks
on the legislation under consideration.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the
gentleman from California?
There was no objection.
Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, today I rise to ask my colleagues' support for H.R.
5683, the Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial Protection Act. Since 1954, a
29-foot cross has stood atop Mt. Soledad in San Diego, California,
memorializing the sacrifices of American soldiers during World War I,
World War II, and the Korean conflict.
This beautiful and historic memorial cross was erected and is
maintained by a private organization, the Mt. Soledad Memorial
Association, with the permission of the city of San Diego.
Over the years, the memorial association has added many elements to
this memorial, including over 1,700 granite plaques commemorating
individual servicewomen and men on concentric walls, bollards, pavers,
and a flag pole proudly flying the American flag. The memorial cross
now is fully integrated as a centerpiece of the multifaceted Mt.
Soledad Veterans Memorial. It is without question a world-class war
memorial, dedicated to all of those, regardless of race, religion or
creed, who have served our armed services.
In 1989, a single plaintiff brought suit against the city of San
Diego because he stated he was offended by the sight of the cross. The
district court found that presence of this memorial cross violated the
California Constitution's guarantee of free exercise and enjoyment of
religion without discrimination or preference and ordered the removal
of the display.
The city of San Diego, like other municipalities faced with similar
court orders, endeavored in good faith to divest itself of the memorial
property by selling it to a private party who could choose to display
the memorial cross.
In this case, however, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals found that
the method of sale violated the California Constitution's ban on aid to
sectarian purposes. On May 3, 2006, the district court ordered the city
of San Diego to comply with the original injunction.
The city has appealed that order to the Ninth Circuit Court of
Appeals, and the United States Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy
has stayed enforcement of the order pending the outcome of that appeal.
In 2004, the United States Congress designated the Mt. Soledad
Veterans Memorial a National Veterans Memorial and authorized the
Federal Government to accept the donation of the memorial from the city
of San Diego. The voters of San Diego passed, by an overwhelming 76
percent, a ballot measure providing for the donation. But in response
to a complaint by the same lone plaintiff, a San Diego County superior
court judge invalidated the citywide referendum as violating the
California Constitution.
The vast majority of the citizens of the city of San Diego favor
finding a way to keep the Mt. Soledad Memorial intact, even if that
means giving up ownership of the parkland property on which it is
located.
A 1994 ballot measure authorizing the sale of the property also
passed with 76
[[Page H5423]]
percent of the vote, as did a 2005 ballot measure directing the city to
donate the memorial property to the Federal Government.
The efforts of the city to vindicate the desires of the citizenry,
however, have been stymied by one plaintiff and a few judges who find
the city of San Diego's display of the decades-old memorial cross
impermissible under the California Constitution.
H.R. 5683 vests title and possession of the Mt. Soledad Veterans
Memorial, a national memorial honoring the war dead and veterans of the
United States Armed Forces, in the United States. Once the memorial
property belongs to the United States, the constitutionality of the
property transfer, as well as the display of the cross as an element of
the Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial, will be determined under the
establishment clause of the United States Constitution.
Applying the establishment clause to the government's display of
religious symbols, the United States Supreme Court has determined that
displays of religious symbols on government property are
unconstitutional only if their purpose is entirely religious and they
include no secular components.
Most recently the Supreme Court has determined that the establishment
clause analysis of passive monuments like this one is driven by the
nature of the monument and by our Nation's history. In the case of the
Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial, it is surrounded by a plethora of
secular symbols. In fact, Mr. Speaker, there are some 1,700 memorials
that make up this overall veterans memorial.
In accordance with the United States' long tradition of memorializing
members of the Armed Forces who die in battle with religious symbols,
the memorial cross serves a legitimate secular purpose of commemorating
our Nation's war dead and veterans. Therefore, the display of the Mt.
Soledad memorial cross on Federal property as part of a larger memorial
is constitutional.
In fact, Mr. Speaker, we have many pictures of large crosses in
national cemeteries and other national property or Federal property
across this Nation, and we will display those at the appropriate time.
The memorial cross on Mt. Soledad is not only a religious symbol, it
is a venerated landmark, beloved by the people of San Diego for over 50
years. It is a fitting memorial to all persons who have served and
sacrificed for our Nation as members of the Armed Forces.
Passage of H.R. 5683 will preserve the beautiful memorial for the
families of those who have died in service, for all current military
servicemembers, for veterans, for the citizens of San Diego and for the
Nation.
For the Record, Mr. Speaker, I would like to submit letters of
support from Jerry Sanders, mayor of San Diego; San Diegans for the
Mount Soledad National War Memorial; the American Legion; AMVETS;
Veterans for Foreign Wars of the United States; Disabled American
Veterans; the American Center for Law and Justice; and Robert and Sybil
Martino, the parents of a soldier who gave his life in the war on
terror and was honored for his sacrifice at the Mt. Soledad Memorial
Executive Office of the President, Office of Management
and Budget,
Washington, DC, July 19, 2006.
Statement of Administration Policy--H.R. 5683--Acquisition of Mt.
Soledad Veterans Memorial
(Rep. Hunter (R) CA and two cosponsors)
The Administration strongly supports passage of H.R. 5683
to protect the Mount Soledad Veterans Memorial in San Diego.
In the face of legal action threatening the continued
existence of the current Memorial, the people of San Diego
have clearly expressed their desire to keep the Mt. Soledad
Veterans Memorial in its present form. Judicial activism
should not stand in the way of the people, and the
Administration commends Rep. Hunter for his efforts in
introducing this bill. The bill would preserve the Mount
Soledad Memorial by vesting title to the Memorial in the
Federal government and providing that it be administered by
the Secretary of Defense. The Administration supports the
important goal of preserving the integrity of war memorials.
____
July 18, 2006.
Hon. Duncan Hunter,
House of Representatives,
Washington, DC.
Dear Congressman Hunter: As the U.S. House of
Representatives prepares to consider the Mt. Soledad Veterans
Memorial Protection Act (H.R. 5683), I write in support of
this bill.
As you know, I have strongly voiced my support for
maintaining the integrity of the Mt. Soledad Memorial as a
multi-faceted site that recognizes veterans of all wars and
all faiths.
H.R. 5683 provides that, ``The United States shall pay just
compensation to any owner of the property for the property.''
As acknowledged in the legislation, ``The United States has a
long history and tradition of memorializing members of the
Armed Forces who die in battle with a cross or other
religious emblem of their faith and a memorial cross is fully
integrated as the centerpiece of the multi-faceted Mt.
Soledad Veterans Memorial that is replete with secular
symbols.''
I believe this legislation provides a possible means of
preserving the integrity of the memorial and for that reason
I support these efforts.
Sincerely,
Jerry Sanders,
Mayor.
____
San Diegans for the Mount Soledad National War Memorial,
San Diego, CA, July 19, 2006.
Hon. Duncan Hunter,
House Armed Services Committee,
Washington, DC.
Dear Chairman Hunter: San Diegans for the Mount Soledad
National War Memorial applauds your efforts on behalf of the
vast supermajority of San Diegans, including thousands of
veterans, to maintain the integrity of this important
monument to those courageous heroes who have fought and died
in defense of this great Nation.
By joining Congressmen Issa and Bilbray in introducing
legislation that would transfer the site of the memoria1 to
the federal government, you are upholding the will of over 75
percent of San Diegans who voted Yes on Proposition A to keep
Mount Soledad as it is, where it is. You are also drawing a
clear line in the sand against those who seek to undermine
the history and heritage of our great Nation by eradicating
from the historic record the heroic individual sacrifices
that have not only preserved our own freedom, but liberated
millions of people across the globe.
As Chairman of the committee that spearheaded the
overwhelmingly successful referendary petition drive and
subsequent ``Yes on Prop A'' campaign last July, and a
practicing Jew, I am pleased to offer you the full support of
San Diegans for the Mount Soledad National War Memorial and
any further necessary assistance in preserving this sacred
monument on behalf of the people of San Diego and the United
States of America.
Thank you.
Sincerely,
Philip L. Thalheimer,
Chairman.
____
May 15, 2006.
President George W. Bush,
The White House,
Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. President: My wife and I would like to express our
support for the effort initiated by Representative Duncan
Hunter of California and the Mayor of San Diego to save the
cross at Mt. Soledad wherein the Federal Government would
take the property by eminent domain as a veteran's memorial.
Our son Captain Michael D. Martino, USMC, was killed in
action in Iraq on November 2, 2005, when his Cobra Helicopter
was shot down by a SA 16. This past week our son's Camp
Pendleton unit, which had just recently returned from Iraq,
dedicated plaques at Mt. Soledad to honor him and his fellow
pilot Major Gerry Bloomfield for their heroic service. There
is no better place to honor our fallen heroes than under that
cross, overlooking the country they fought and died to
preserve.
Our son loved his country and the many rights and liberties
it provided, especially our right to freedom of religion. A
few in this country would like to see the cross removed from
Mt. Soledad and thus deny the majority their rights to
religious expression. This cross is no more an affront to
personal beliefs than the thousands of crosses in Arlington
Cemetery.
Is it fair to the majority who have served or fallen for
our Nation and wish to keep the cross for the sake of the few
who look to strip all religion from our country, under a
false interpretation of the separation of church and state?
Our son died with a strong belief that he was fighting to
preserve the freedom of all Americans. Please let us have OUR
freedom from activist judges and their personal
interpretation of our Constitution.
Mr. President, please take the Memorial at Mt. Soledad
under federal ownership.
You are always in our prayers.
Sincerely,
Robert A. and Sybil E. Martino.
____
June 21, 2006.
Hon. Duncan Hunter,
Chairman, House Armed Services Committee
Washington, DC.
Dear Chairman Hunter: As the leaders of the Nation's four
largest veterans organizations, we respectfully request your
assistance on an issue that is important to former military
personnel and to American values.
The Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial is a historic site
overlooking the Pacific Ocean that has stood for over 52
years as a tribute to our Nation's Armed Forces. This
veterans memorial is the first and last thing that
[[Page H5424]]
ships see as they arrive or depart from one of the world's
largest naval installations. Unfortunately a small group of
plaintiffs wish to destroy the integrity of the Memorial and
the courts have complied by requiring that the Memorial's
centerpiece cross be removed by August 1, 2006. We believe
that destruction of the Memorial is an affront to the
sacrifices made by America's veterans and is contrary to the
will of citizens of San Diego, 76 percent of whom voted in a
recent referendum to try to preserve the Memorial.
Accordingly, we request that the Congress pursue all
available legislative options to take federal possession of
the Memorial with the intention of preserving the Veterans
Memorial in its current form.
Sincerely,
Thomas L. Bock,
National Commander, the American Legion.
Paul W. Jackson,
National Commander, Disabled American Veterans.
James R. Mueller,
Commander-in-Chief, Veterans of Foreign Wars of the U.S.
Edward W. Kemp,
National Commander, AMVETS.
____
June 29, 2006.
Hon. Duncan Hunter,
Chairman, House Armed Services Committee,
Washington, DC.
Dear Chairman Hunter: As the leaders of the Nation's four
largest veterans' service organizations, we write to you
today in appreciation for introducing with Representatives
Issa and Bilbray a measure which would provide for the
immediate acquisition of the Mount Soledad Veterans Memorial
by the United States. While this step is extra-ordinary, our
organizations feel it is the appropriate measure to take.
As we noted in our letter to you last week, we believe that
the destruction of this Memorial is an affront to the
sacrifices made by America's veterans and is contrary to the
will of the citizens of San Diego. This Memorial has stood in
its historic location overlooking the Pacific Ocean for 52
years, a silent tribute to the sacrifices made by veterans
past, present and future.
As we answered the call in the past to serve this country,
so we will answer the call now. Accordingly, we offer to help
in any way we can to aid you in preserving this hallowed
Memorial.
Sincerely,
Thomas L. Bock,
National Commander, the American Legion.
Paul W. Jackson,
National Commander, Disabled American Veterans.
James R. Mueller,
Commander-in-Chief, Veterans of Foreign Wars of the U.S.
Edward W. Kemp,
National Commander, AMVETS.
____
American Center for Law & Justice,
Washington, DC, July 17, 2006.
Congressman Duncan Hunter,
Rayburn House Office Building,
Washington, DC.
Congressman Hunter: We write today in support of your
legislation to protect the war memorial at Mt. Soledad, H.R.
5683.
We believe the public has a vital interest in ensuring that
centuries-old American traditions and practices are not
declared unconstitutional without careful and accurate
judicial review of all issues involved. The Establishment
Clause does not require that crosses, Stars of David, and
other religious symbols be removed from Mount Soledad,
Arlington National Cemetery, and the countless other places
across the country where the lives and sacrifices of veterans
are commemorated. The longstanding, venerable tradition of
using crosses and other religious symbols on memorials and in
the public square is fully consistent with the Supreme
Court's Establishment Clause analysis in its County of
Allegheny v. ACLU (1998), ACLU of Kentucky v. Mercer County
(2005), Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow (2004),
and Van Orden v. Perry (2005) decisions.
Your actions, those of other Members and the Departments of
Defense and the Interior, and the citizens of San Diego, to
help preserve the integrity and sanctity of memorials
honoring the lives and sacrifices of veterans are well taken
and constitutionally permissible.
To remove the Mt. Soledad cross is an insult to the men and
women who fought to protect our freedoms. To allow activist
organizations to strip religious symbolism from public life
would cut against America's heritage and remove a vital
component which makes our country unique.
We applaud your efforts and stand ready to assist you as
you continue your fight to save the war memorial at Mt.
Soledad.
Jay A. Sekulow,
Chief Counsel.
Colby M. May,
Senior Counsel & Director.
Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. BUTTERFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may
consume.
Mr. Speaker, as the chairman said a moment ago, this bill is intended
to preserve the Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial in San Diego, California,
and it allows for the immediate acquisition of this memorial by the
United States Government.
The distinguished chairman, my friend from California, feels
obviously very strongly about this issue, and apparently the people of
that region also feel very strongly about it, by virtue of a vote that
they took, a popular vote, indicating some 76 percent support for this
idea.
Mr. Speaker, for that reason I will not be opposing the resolution. I
will have some speakers who would like to speak to the issue.
Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from San
Diego, California (Mr. Issa), who has been a real champion in this
effort to preserve the memorial.
{time} 1445
Mr. ISSA. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in strong support of this
acquisition by the Federal Government, because it is so consistent with
how we as Americans have honored our war dead and those who have given
in service to our country.
I just want to point out for a moment a picture of Mt. Soledad, of
the actual cross, and then, Mr. Speaker, as you look at pictures of the
other Federal sites, the amazing thing is how similar they are. These
are sites which are not contested. They are not contested because our
Founding Fathers didn't want the establishment of a religion, but they
didn't want a godless society; just the opposite, they wanted a freedom
for people to observe their God as they chose fit. Particularly when we
deal with those who have fallen in support of this country, they should
be free to honor them with or without symbols that they find comfort
in.
I think, Mr. Speaker, as we consider this important piece of
legislation, I think it is important that we realize that that cross is
about men and women who have given their lives and a symbol that says
they gave their life for their country. It is an arbitrary symbol, but
it is not a symbol without meaning. It stands, like those crosses in
faraway lands of Americans who fell in Tripoli, Americans who were
buried at Normandy, and of Americans who have never been returned home
from the sea. It stands as a symbol of their passing and their
sacrifice.
Mt. Soledad, no one ever doubted that this was a war memorial. No one
ever doubted that. In fact, people found comfort in this symbol to
those men and women in San Diego, the home of both Marines and Navy,
for more than 100 years. No one ever found that this was inappropriate
to honor our dead. What they found was one person, one out of 2 million
people, who said, I am offended, I want no cross. It offends me.
Mr. Speaker, the definition of offensive language and offensive
behavior and signs like the swastikas and other symbols of hate are
just that. They are unique symbols that people have no doubt are
designed to offend.
This cross was never intended to offend. Just the opposite; it was
intended to do what it does for the vast majority of San Diegans and
people who come to our fair city. It honors our war veterans for the
sacrifice they made. That is the symbolism it has. That is the reason
that hundreds of thousands of people climb that hill every year to
spend a moment to look at the cross, but, more importantly, to look at
the pictures of the men and women throughout the lower part of this
memorial who, in fact, are there on plaques to be observed and
remembered for their sacrifice.
I ask full support of this resolution.
Mr. BUTTERFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to a distinguished
member of the House Armed Services Committee, the gentlewoman from
California (Mrs. Davis).
Mrs. DAVIS of California. Mr. Speaker, I would like to begin by
saying I appreciate the sensitivity of my colleagues on this issue who
believe this bill is about veterans. I, too, have a deep appreciation
of our veterans and the sacrifices they have made for our Nation and
our freedoms.
[[Page H5425]]
If this bill were nothing more than a veterans issue, we would have a
very simple decision before us today. But, unfortunately, that is not
the case. The courts have told us time and time again what this issue
is about. It is about a demonstrated preference of one religion over
all others. It is about a uniquely religious symbol on public land.
Make no mistake about it, this bill is not about preserving a veterans
memorial. It is about preserving a 29-foot cross that sits within the
boundaries of a veterans memorial, a veterans memorial that is supposed
to honor all veterans.
Yet towering over the American flag, and the plaques, names, and
photos of honored veterans, and I can see many of their faces in the
plaques today, is a 29-foot symbol of one religion, and that is why we
are here today.
A district court ruling on the memorial noted, ``Even if one strains
to view the cross in the context of a war memorial, its primary effect
is to give the impression that only Christians are being honored.''
I can certainly understand, Mr. Speaker, the emotion that this issue
has generated. Believe me, I can understand that emotion. But as
today's discussion has proven, this issue has become more about a cross
than about a veterans memorial. Our focus should be on the veterans,
and it should be inclusive of all veterans.
Mr. Speaker, I would like to take a moment to share the words of one
of my constituents who just recently wrote me. He says, ``My father, a
Bronze Star recipient for being wounded twice during D-Day, died a few
years back, and I would like to pay tribute to his service to our
country by purchasing a plaque to honor him.
``Mt. Soledad is one mile from where I live, and it would be the most
logical choice, given its beautiful location and proximity.
``However, my father, being a practicing Jew, would be dishonored by
the cross.'' That was the way he felt he would see it. ``Shouldn't,''
he asked, ``a war memorial pay homage to all who served and defended
this country?''
And he continues to write, ``It is un-American to create a memorial
to veterans which is not all-inclusive.
``There are many things,'' he writes, ``which could be erected as a
tribute, but a cross, a crescent moon, a statue of Buddha, or a Star of
David, are completely inappropriate and illegal.
``This is all about religion, because if the monument being
considered were a statue of a dove or a soldier, we would not even be
having this conversation.''
Mr. Speaker, I say to you, I fully understand the sensitivity of this
issue. Believe me, it would be easy to vote with the majority on this
issue. But the easiest decision, or the most popular one, is not always
the right one.
In the words of James Fenimore Cooper, and I quote, ``It is a
besetting vice of democracies to substitute public opinion for law.
This is the usual form in which masses of men exhibit their tyranny.''
The beauty of our Constitution is that it protects the voice of the
minority, so I ask you to join me in protecting that minority today.
Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from San
Diego, California (Mr. Bilbray), a gentleman who has worked tirelessly
to preserve the memorial.
Mr. BILBRAY. Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of this
resolution. This memorial is in my district. It is a very prominent
memorial, not just in the landscape, but in the history of San Diego
County.
I remember as a child my father driving me past this memorial and
looking up and saying this is one of the few memorials in the country
that recognize the heartbreak of what went on in Korea. As a Korean
veteran, he was also very much impressed with the fact that San Diegans
set aside a memorial for the Korean war.
Frankly, I am shocked in a time of war, a time when our men and women
are out exchanging deadly fire with the enemy, that we are talking
about destruction of a war memorial. It is a war memorial dedicated to
800-plus people that never came back from the Korean war, the missing
in action.
Now, in San Diego County, we have many religious symbols on public
lands. We have a cross to Father Serra on Presidio Hill. We have a
cross to Cabrillo, who found San Diego Harbor. We have Point Lomo. We
have a county synagogue in our county park, and we have a cross on
Mount Helix that was set aside by a gentleman for his wife. We are not
asking to tear those religious symbols down.
All I have to say, Mr. Speaker, is we have enough tolerance for a
cross to Father Serra. If we can find the tolerance to save a major
historical building such as the synagogue, Beth Israel Synagogue, if we
can find the tolerance to have a cross for Cabrillo, my God, can't we
find the tolerance to preserve a war memorial to 800,000 missing in
action in Korea? This really is about common sense, common decency and
tolerance.
Mr. Speaker, there are those who will find excuses to attack what
they may not like, but this is not about religion; it is about the
tolerance of our heritage and the memorials to those who have fought
for our heritage across the board. I would just like to point out, if
somebody wants to say that this is somehow a Christian conspiracy, that
Phil Thalheimer, the chairman of Save the Cross, happens to be of the
Jewish faith, his family survived the terrible Holocaust in Europe.
One of his biggest statements, that his family always talked about,
the first thing that the Fascists wanted to do was to destroy religious
symbols when his parents were trying to escape.
Now, Mr. Speaker, the State of California has many religious symbols,
and we do too here. All I have to say is I don't think anybody in
California or in this Chamber is asking for the cross in Father Serra's
hands to be taken off that statue in Statuary Hall. The fact is that
both of the statues for California happen to be someone who is
affiliated with the Christian faith. But their affiliation with
Christianity does not change the historical significance or the
justification and the logic of us honoring him here in Washington.
Mr. Speaker, we are asking today to do a very easy thing. Understand
that mistakes can be made by courts; but the voters have said very
clearly they do not find offense in a memorial to veterans. They do not
find offense to this symbol for these people, for the people that
committed so much for America.
I would ask anyone who thinks that the cross is offensive, because it
is a religious symbol, to go to the memorial and walk around the wall
of it. You will see every religious symbol thinkable around that
memorial that have been dedicated.
If we take this cross down because someone may take offense to a
religious symbol, when will they next go for the Star of David, the
star or crescent? They will go after the other symbols that somebody
may take offense to.
Mr. Speaker, I think we need to honor our war dead, our missing in
action from Korea. We should honor ourselves by showing that tolerance
is not a politically correct catch term, but truly is the sign of an
enlightened people, that as Moses looks down on us here, we will be
proud to have him guide us on this vote.
I ask for a ``yes'' vote on this, and ask you, for the people of the
50th District of California, to support their will, support their
veterans, and vote ``yes'' on this resolution.
Mr. BUTTERFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Just to make one point, what we are doing with this legislation is
taking ownership that we have already designated by law the memorial at
Mt. Soledad, the Korean war memorial. We have already designated this
memorial as a Federal memorial. What we are doing is taking ownership
of the memorial.
So for those who don't like it and who think that it is
unconstitutional, that memorial will still be intact and will be
subject to any attacks that they or others may want to make on the
memorial.
What it simply does is transfer title of the memorial, of the
property, to the Federal Government. I think that is absolutely
appropriate in light of the fact that these are veterans from all over
America who are represented on those 1,700-plus little memorials that
make up this big memorial. So it is absolutely reasonable and
appropriate that the Federal Government, having designated this as a
Federal memorial,
[[Page H5426]]
takes ownership of the property as a Federal memorial.
{time} 1500
Mr. BUTTERFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from
New York (Mr. Ackerman).
Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I had not intended to speak on this
matter, but the eloquence of the gentlewoman from California and the
remarks of the distinguished gentleman from California have moved me to
stand up and say a few words.
I do not know why in a pluralistic society, in a great democracy that
we are, that we have become, that we continue to be, that we look to
find things and issues to divide us rather than to unite us.
I am not of the Christian faith. Christian symbols do not offend me.
They stand for things that are good and decent and pure and idealistic,
and I think that is wonderful. But to make them the symbol of something
public is something that I do find offensive.
We talk about so often our Judeo-Christian heritage. I am not sure
what that means exactly. I know it means that somebody is reaching out
to try to include me and my small faith when they want to look
pluralistic.
I know that my dad fought in World War II. I know that I had
relatives who went to Canada to join the Royal Mounted Police because
they were in World War II fighting the Nazis before the United States
of America did. I know that people of all faiths of this great Nation
died in that war and all other wars that we fought, and continue to die
today as you read the list of people coming back, tragically killed by
terrorists.
I do not know why we have to put a religious symbol on the entire
monument. There is nothing wrong with the crucifix in the hands of
whoever wants to hold it, even in Statuary Hall. Nobody is saying
remove that cross. That is an individual sign of faith, not a
collective societal sign of faith.
The gentleman from California justifies it by saying it is a symbol
of our heritage. I beg to differ. It is not a collective symbol of our
heritage because it is not the symbol of my heritage, though I respect
it as a symbol of somebody else's heritage. And if, indeed, the only
symbol up there was a statue of Buddha or a Muslim symbol or a Jewish
Star of David, I would object as strenuously.
If you cannot represent all religions, then represent no religion.
They did not die in a crusade. It was not a religious Korean war. Why
put the symbol of Christianity or any other religion there?
Make it a monument for people who fought and died for freedom of
liberty, who died for freedom of religion, who died for people's
ability to express themselves in a free society. That was the intent,
and I think that is something we would all be proud of, and we are
proud of the veterans.
Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for his statement. How
much time do both sides have left?
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Linder). The gentleman from California
(Mr. Hunter) has 5\1/2\ minutes remaining. The gentleman from North
Carolina (Mr. Butterfield) has 11\1/2\ minutes remaining.
Mr. HUNTER. Do we have the right to close?
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman is correct.
Mr. HUNTER. In that case, we would like to reserve our time.
Mr. BUTTERFIELD. I do not have any additional speakers, Mr. Speaker,
and I yield back the balance of my time.
Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the balance of the time.
Mr. Speaker, I want to thank all Members for engaging in this debate.
I think it is a good one and a healthy one, and I would like to point
out to all Members that preserving this memorial, that is, transferring
it to the United States of America, is supported strongly by the
American Legion, by the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States,
by the Disabled American Veterans, and by AMVETS and by all of their
national commanders.
Mr. Speaker, let me point out that there are dozens and dozens not
only of crosses but of Stars of David and other religious symbols on
Federal property throughout this country.
I noticed during the debate here that we are standing under a
statement, ``In God we trust,'' that stands over the Speaker's chair,
arguably a target for a constitutional argument that it violates
separation of church and State.
Now, in answer to my friend from New York and his statement that why
did we have to go and put this cross on this memorial, this memorial is
52 years ago. It is a memorial that has evolved and grown since not
only the Korean war but actually right after the turn of the century,
like so many memorials that we have.
Today, there is not really just one memorial. There are really 1,701
memorials in composite because there are 1,700 plaques to people that
gave everything they had to the United States of America.
This last letter that I received in support of this from the parents
of Captain Martino, who fell in Iraq last year, saying please do not
let them tear down the memorial, reminded me to look back and look at
some of the other people that are on this memorial. There is a thread
of patriotism between every American alive today and those who served
our country and those who fell for our country, those 619,000 Americans
who died in the last century, those 2,500-plus Americans who have given
their lives in Iraq and the 300-plus Americans who have given their
lives in Afghanistan. There is a thread of patriotism between those
people.
So for Captain Martino, who gave his life in Iraq just last year
because of that, and for his family, somebody is able to teach at a
synagogue or a church today or a college; because of a machine gunner
in Belleau Wood early in this century, a businessman is able to operate
freely in Cincinnati; and because of people who fell in the Korean war,
a young couple is able to walk down the streets without being arrested
in Washington, D.C.
So the freedoms that we have are combined by a thread to every single
person who gave that full measure of devotion to our country, and
whether we like it or not and whether the courts like it or not, the
people, the families, the service people, think that those threads come
together in little monuments and memorials throughout this country, not
the least of which is Arlington Cemetery, but also not the least of
which is 3,000 miles away on Mt. Soledad overlooking the Pacific Ocean
where the 1st Marine Division embarked for those incredible fights in
the island chains, taking back Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima and other islands
in the Axis Powers in World War II. That is a point of embarkation. It
is a point where many families last saw their loved ones.
This memorial has a thread of patriotism and a thread of meaning to
the people of the United States, not just San Diego, and it is fully
appropriate that the United States of America, having made this
memorial a national memorial, now takes ownership of the memorial.
Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the motion offered by the
gentleman from California (Mr. Hunter) that the House suspend the rules
and pass the bill, H.R. 5683, as amended.
The question was taken.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. In the opinion of the Chair, two-thirds of
those present have voted in the affirmative.
Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, on that I demand the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XX and the
Chair's prior announcement, further proceedings on this question will
be postponed.
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