[Congressional Record Volume 152, Number 66 (Wednesday, May 24, 2006)]
[Extensions of Remarks]
[Pages E948-E949]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




       COMMEMORATING THE 65TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF CRETE

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                        HON. CAROLYN B. MALONEY

                              of new york

                    in the house of representatives

                        Wednesday, May 24, 2006

  Mrs. MALONEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to commemorate the 65th 
anniversary of the Battle of Crete.
  This historic battle contributed to the Allies' victory of World War 
II. On May 20, 1941, thousands of German paratroopers and gliders began 
landing on Crete. Both the Allies and Nazis wanted Crete because of Its 
strategic location as part of the lifeline to India and Its proximity 
to both Palestine and Egypt. At that time the British controlled the 
island.
  The Nazi invasion force included the elite German paratroopers and 
glider troops. Hitler felt this was to be easy victory, yet he is 
quoted to have said shortly after the invasion, ``France fell in 8 
days. Why is Crete free?''
  During the 11-day Invasion of Crete, more than 6,000 German troopers 
were listed as killed, wounded, or missing in action. The losses to the 
elite 7th parachute division marked the end of the German Military's 
large-scale airborne operations.
  This valiant fight by the Cretan people began in the first hour of 
the Nazi airborne invasion while other underground movements did not 
begin until a year or more after being invaded.
  Young boys, old men, and women displayed breath taking bravery in 
defending Crete. Because German soldiers were not accustomed to facing 
women in battle, they would tear the dress from the shoulders of 
suspected Cretan women to find bruises from the recoil of the rifle. 
The penalty was death. On July 28, 1941, The Times (London) reported 
that ``five hundred Cretan women have been deported to Germany for 
taking part in the defense of their native island.''
  Another surprise for the German soldiers who invaded Crete was the 
heroic resistance of the clergy. A priest leading his parishioners into 
battle was not what the Germans anticipated. At Paleochora, Father 
Stylianos Frantzeskis, hearing of the German airborne Invasion, rushed 
to his church, sounded the bell, took his rifle and marched his 
volunteers toward Maleme.
  This struggle became an example for all Europe to follow in defying 
German occupation and aggression.
  The Cretans paid a steep price for their valiant resistance to Nazi 
forces with thousands of civilians executed, starved, or imprisoned. 
The Germans burned and destroyed entire communities as a reprisal for 
the Cretan resistance movement. Yet this resistance lasted for 4 years.
  The Battle of Crete changed history by delaying Hitler's plan to 
invade Russia. The invasion was delayed from April to June of 1941.

[[Page E949]]

The 2-month delay in the invasion made Hitler's forces face the Russian 
winter.
  The Russian snowstorms and the sub zero temperatures eventually 
stalled the Nazi invasion before they could take Moscow or Leningrad. 
This was the beginning of the downfall of the Nazi reign of terror.
  We must always remember and honor this significant battle and the 
heroic drive of the Cretan people. Democracy came from Greece, and the 
Cretan heroes exemplified the courage it takes to preserve it.
  To honor these heroes, I have introduced H. Res. 290, which 
recognizes and appreciates the historical significance and the heroic 
human endeavor and sacrifice of the people of Crete during World War II 
and commends the PanCretan Association of America.
  Today, the courage and fortitude of the Cretan people are seen in the 
members of the United Cretan Associations of New York which are located 
in Astoria, Queens.
  I urge my colleagues to join me in honoring the Cretans in the United 
States, Greece, and the diaspora.

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