[Congressional Record Volume 152, Number 47 (Wednesday, April 26, 2006)]
[House]
[Pages H1774-H1785]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
{time} 1245
PROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.R. 5020, INTELLIGENCE AUTHORIZATION
ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2007
Mr. PUTNAM. Madam Speaker, by direction of the Committee on Rules, I
call up House Resolution 774 and ask for its immediate consideration.
The Clerk read the resolution, as follows:
H. Res. 774
Resolved, That at any time after the adoption of this
resolution the Speaker may, pursuant to clause 2(b) of rule
XVIII, declare the House resolved into the Committee of the
Whole House on the state of the Union for consideration of
the bill (H.R. 5020) to authorize appropriations for fiscal
year 2007 for intelligence and intelligence-related
activities of the United States Government, the Community
Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency
Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes. The
first reading of the bill shall be dispensed with. All points
of order against consideration of the bill are waived.
General debate shall be confined to the bill and shall not
exceed one hour equally divided and controlled by the
chairman and ranking minority member of the Permanent Select
Committee on Intelligence. After general debate the bill
shall be considered for amendment under the five-minute rule.
It shall be in order to consider as an original bill for the
purpose of amendment under the five-minute rule the amendment
in the nature of a substitute recommended by the Permanent
Select Committee on Intelligence now printed in the bill. The
committee amendment in the nature of a substitute shall be
considered as read. All points of order against the committee
amendment in the nature of a substitute are waived.
Notwithstanding clause 11 of rule XVIII, no amendment to the
committee amendment in the nature of a substitute shall be in
order except those printed in the report of the Committee on
Rules accompanying this resolution. Each such amendment may
be offered only in the order printed in the report, may be
offered only by a Member designated in the report, shall be
considered as read, shall be debatable for the time specified
in the report equally divided and controlled by the proponent
and an opponent, shall not be subject to amendment, and shall
not be subject to a demand for division of the question in
the House or in the Committee of the Whole. All points of
order against such amendments are waived. At the conclusion
of consideration of the bill for amendment the Committee
shall rise and report the bill to the House with such
amendments as may have been adopted. Any Member may demand a
separate vote in the
[[Page H1775]]
House on any amendment adopted in the Committee of the Whole
to the bill or to the committee amendment in the nature of a
substitute. The previous question shall be considered as
ordered on the bill and amendments thereto to final passage
without intervening motion except one motion to recommit with
or without instructions.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. Emerson). The gentleman from Florida
(Mr. Putnam) is recognized for 1 hour.
Mr. PUTNAM. Madam Speaker, for the purpose of debate only, I yield
the customary 30 minutes to the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr.
McGovern), pending which I yield myself such time as I may consume.
During consideration of this resolution, all time yielded is for the
purpose of debate only.
(Mr. PUTNAM asked and was given permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. PUTNAM. Madam Speaker, House Resolution 774 is a structured rule
that provides for consideration of H.R. 5020, the Intelligence
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007. Madam Speaker, I am pleased to
bring this resolution to the floor for its consideration. This is the
fifth intelligence authorization bill that this House has considered
since the tragic events of September 11, which changed this
institution's outlook on intelligence. It has certainly changed our
intelligence community's approach to collection and analysis.
H.R. 5020 is the first intelligence authorization that is based on a
budget request fully determined by our new Director of National
Intelligence, again reflecting the changes, reflecting the evolution,
the progress of our approach to keeping America secure, protecting our
citizens, protecting our forces abroad through an ever-changing
architecture.
The DNI, created in H.R. 10, the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism
Prevention Act of 2004, created this new Office of the Director of
National Intelligence, a responsible authority that would oversee and
orchestrate a coordinated effort by the entire intelligence community
composed of 15 different intelligence agencies. This legislation today
continues the sustained effort and long-term strategy to achieve
optimum performance in human intelligence, signals intelligence,
imagery intelligence, open-source intelligence, analysis,
counterintelligence, counternarcotics, and counterterrorism.
This bill authorizes appropriations for fiscal year 2007 for
intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States
Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central
Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System. In addition to
funding these agency activities, the legislation contains other
noncontroversial intelligence community housekeeping matters that will
help create a more efficient and effective intelligence community. The
legislation reflects recent administrative action and formally includes
the Drug Enforcement Administration in the intelligence community and
authorizes its activities conducted within the National Intelligence
Program. It also requires the DNI, the Director of National
Intelligence, to conduct a regular strategic review of intelligence
capabilities against threats, similar to the Quadrennial Defense
Review, and limits the DNI's authority to hire civilian personnel in
excess of the specifically authorized numbers to no more than 2 percent
of the authorized amount of employees.
To more formally increase oversight, the bill specifically provides
that reporting requirements contained in the classified annex will be
considered as required by the underlying law. Additionally, it requires
a comprehensive inventory of special access programs conducted within
the National Intelligence Program to be provided to the committee in
classified format. This provision was included in the House-passed bill
for fiscal year 2006 as well.
The underlying bill also contains language offered by the ranking
member, Ms. Harman, that expresses the sense of the Congress that the
DNI should promptly examine the need for establishing and overseeing
the implementation of a multilevel security clearance system across the
intelligence community to leverage the cultural and linguistic skills
of subject matter experts and individuals proficient in foreign
languages that are deemed critical to our Nation's security.
I am pleased with the efforts of the House Permanent Select Committee
on Intelligence. Chairman Hoekstra and his ranking member, Ms. Harman,
have done yeoman's work, with the assistance of their committee, on a
bipartisan basis to produce this bill. It is a perfect example of how
Congress can achieve a bipartisan product that meets the needs of our
Nation. I commend them for their hard work.
I urge the Members to support the rule and the underlying bill.
Madam Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. McGOVERN. Madam Speaker, I want to thank the gentleman from
Florida for yielding me the customary 30 minutes, and I yield myself 7
minutes.
(Mr. McGOVERN asked and was given permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. McGOVERN. Madam Speaker, H.R. 5020, the Intelligence
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007, deals with one of the most
important aspects of our national security: our ability to gather and
analyze intelligence effectively so that our policies are based on
fact, not fantasy or obsessive desire, so that our Federal law
enforcement agencies can defend us from the threat of attack, and so
that our allies can rely on our resources for timely, coordinated
operations in defense of freedom abroad.
I want to commend Chairman Hoekstra and Ranking Member Harman and
members of the Intelligence Committee for authorizing 100 percent of
the funding required for our counterterrorism operations. Regrettably,
President Bush only included 78 percent of this funding in his budget
request; so I thank the committee for correcting this dangerous
shortfall.
The Intelligence Authorization Act traditionally receives strong
bipartisan support and will likely receive that same support this year.
But despite its many attributes, this bill could have and should have
been better. This bill could have and should have required a dedicated
funding line for the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board. When
Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act in
December 2004 in response to the findings and recommendations of the 9/
11 Commission report, it created this board to serve as a civil
liberties watchdog on the potential erosion of the basic constitutional
rights of the American people in a post-9/11 world.
Now, 15 months later, we find our concerns about basic civil rights
to have been well founded, but the oversight board is barely up and
running. The President did not nominate the members of the board for 9
months. The Senate took 5 months to confirm the chair and vice chair.
And, once again, the President's budget failed to include a single
penny for the board's operation in fiscal year 2007.
This could have and should have been fixed in committee. Congressmen
Hastings, Reyes, and Holt offered an amendment to provide $3 million in
dedicated funding for the oversight board, an amendment that should
have had bipartisan support. But the majority chose to reject this
funding and abandon their promise to the American people to safeguard
their most basic freedoms and rights. And last night in the Rules
Committee, the Republican leadership compounded this mistake by denying
Congressman Reyes the right to offer this same amendment for debate on
the House floor.
And then we have the issue of the National Security Agency's spying
on U.S. citizens. In committee, Representative Eshoo offered a
carefully crafted amendment to withhold 20 percent of the NSA's budget
until the executive branch provided the Intelligence Committee with the
total cost of its surveillance program. That is all: just inform the
committee of this one number. The Eshoo amendment was not looking for
more operational details. It was not passing judgment on whether the
NSA's domestic spying program is legal or not, even though that is a
controversial matter in this House. All it was looking for is how many
of our tax dollars are being spent on this surveillance program.
This is a question that should concern every single Member of this
body on both sides of the aisle. But with just one exception, the
Republican majority found it too much to ask and rejected the Eshoo
amendment.
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Yesterday in the Rules Committee, the Republican leadership went even
further. The Republican Rules Committee denied Representatives Schiff,
Flake, Harman, and Inglis the right to offer their bipartisan amendment
for debate. This amendment would have required a classified disclosure
to the Intelligence and Judiciary Committees, the two committees with
jurisdiction and oversight responsibilities over the NSA and the FISA
process, on which U.S. citizens have been the subject of NSA electronic
surveillance, and what criteria was used to target them. Such a
classified report would allow Congress to understand the program and
whether any current laws need to be amended to grant the President the
authority he needs to carry out this program more effectively or make
any changes to safeguard against abuse. In short, these two committees
need this information in order to do their jobs, in order to carry out
their oversight responsibilities.
This bipartisan amendment should have received bipartisan support
from the Rules Committee, but it did not; not from the Republican
majority on this Rules Committee and certainly not from the Republican
leadership of this House.
It is outrageous, Madam Speaker. Many of us believe that when the
President authorized the NSA surveillance of Americans, he broke the
law, plain and simple. And when the Attorney General says that Congress
somehow granted the authority for this program after September 11, he
is just wrong.
We are talking about the most basic fundamental civil liberties that
protect the American people, and the Republican leadership will not
even let us debate it. What are they afraid of?
I would ask my Republican friends to re-read their Constitution.
Congress was not designed to be a rubber stamp for the President.
Congress was not designed to protect Members from difficult votes on
controversial issues. Congress was not designed to protect the
President's political rear end. But under this leadership that is
exactly what Congress has become.
If my friends on the other side of the aisle believe that this
President should have the ability to spy on Americans without a warrant
and without going to the FISA court, then they should write that bill
and bring it to the floor. They should at least show that level of
respect for this House and for this Constitution.
I am willing to bet that the majority of my colleagues on both sides
of the aisle believe that what the President is doing is wrong. But
either way, the very least we could do is have a debate and a vote.
Madam Speaker, 25 amendments were brought to the Rules Committee last
night. They dealt with issues ranging from how the NSA carries out
surveillance of American citizens to how the Intelligence Committee and
other relevant committees are briefed about weapons of mass destruction
or the situations in Iran, North Korea, Iraq, and other hot spots. They
dealt with how information is classified or reclassified, how national
security whistle-blowers are protected or punished, and whether and how
the amount of funds requested and appropriated for various
intelligence-related activities are reported to Congress.
{time} 1300
These are not trivial matters, Madam Speaker. Yet only five
amendments, five amendments, Madam Speaker, plus the manager's
amendment, were made in order under this highly restrictive rule.
Why is the Republican leadership so afraid to debate these issues?
Why is it so afraid to debate, period? After nearly 4 months of a
lackluster Congress, are we suddenly on some tight time clock so there
is no time to debate matters affecting national security? Do we need to
get out of town by Thursday afternoon? I am happy to stay in town on
Friday if it means we can get a full debate on the Intelligence
Authorization Act.
I am tired of restrictive rules. I am tired of stifling debate. I am
tired of ignoring or running away from the big issues. I urge my
colleagues to vote ``no'' on this restrictive rule and to support an
open debate on important issues facing our national security and
intelligence agencies.
Madam Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. PUTNAM. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Madam Speaker, I am glad that the gentleman acknowledged in the
beginning of his remarks that this is a bipartisan bill that enjoyed
unanimous support coming out of committee. As we move forward on the
other issues of contention, we certainly look forward to that debate.
Madam Speaker, I am pleased to yield 5 minutes to one of this
institution's experts on national security, a member of the
Intelligence Committee, the distinguished gentlewoman from New Mexico
(Mrs. Wilson), a graduate of one of America's fine service academies.
Mrs. WILSON of New Mexico. Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman for
the time.
Madam Speaker, we have had the good fortune in this country for the
last 4\1/2\ years to have not had another terrorist attack on our soil,
and it is not because they haven't tried. The reason for that success
boils down to two things: the courage of our soldiers and the quality
of our intelligence. Exceptional intelligence is the first line of
defense for America in the long war on terrorism.
I intend to support this rule today, and I intend to support this
bill. I think it is a good bill. It is one that moves us forward to
restore our Nation's intelligence capabilities across the board, HUMINT
intelligence, technical and tactical intelligence, and strengthens our
global understanding and awareness and analysis of what is going on in
the world. I intend to support it. I also think this rule is a pretty
good rule, and I have to disagree on a couple of points with my
colleague from Massachusetts.
My colleague from Massachusetts has said we should debate here an
amendment that was debated in our committee offered by Ms. Eshoo, one
that I was a Republican Member who supported. It asked for the cost of
the program that the President has acknowledged exists, the terrorist
surveillance program.
I believe that whenever a member of an oversight committee asks for
the cost of a program, we should get that answer. That answer has now
been provided to the committee in a classified letter that is available
in the Intelligence Committee spaces.
The reason that we didn't need to debate Ms. Eshoo's amendment on the
floor today is because we have already gotten the answer to her
question, and it doesn't make sense to me to continue to have that
debate here on the floor, even though I supported that amendment in
committee. So I think we have gone beyond that, and I don't think we
have to have that debate and discussion here today on the floor.
The second thing that he talks about is having a debate here on the
floor on the Flake proposal with some of his colleagues from the
Democratic side of the aisle on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance
Act. The question here for this body is how do we move forward with
effective oversight of the National Security Agency program that the
President has acknowledged exists.
Now, I believe that the President and the Congress share the same
goal: we want to keep America safe and free. We have different
responsibilities under our Constitution. The President has the
responsibility for conducting our foreign affairs. He is the Commander
in Chief. He makes sure that agencies follow the law and execute the
programs which we have authorized.
The Congress appropriates funds. We establish agencies. We authorize
programs, and we oversee implementation of those programs. We spy on
our enemies. But we also oversee these programs to ensure that those
very powerful tools are used within the constraints of our Constitution
and the Bill of Rights. That is why I stood up and demanded that this
Congress and our committees on intelligence conduct oversight of this
program. That oversight is now under way.
I think as a responsible body we have to start out by getting the
facts. That means hard work that is done largely in secret in the House
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. That oversight is under
way, and, for the most part, the National Security Agency has been very
forthcoming.
[[Page H1777]]
We have to understand this program in its details before we make
recommendations to this body about any changes in statute or continuing
mechanisms for oversight. It would be premature to legislate today on
changing the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act.
The reality is that technology is changing. The Foreign Intelligence
Surveillance Act was put in place in 1978, the same year that I
graduated from high school. I was one of the last classes at the Air
Force Academy to get issued a slide rule. In 1978, the words ``cell
phone'' and ``Internet'' were not even in the dictionary.
We may need to make some changes to the laws to continue to keep this
country both safe and free, but we are not ready today to make those
changes effectively. That debate on the floor today would be uninformed
and premature.
I would ask this House to support this rule today and to also support
the work, the continuing work, of the Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence as we do our duty under the Constitution to oversee these
vital programs.
Mr. McGOVERN. Madam Speaker, I yield myself 30 seconds.
Madam Speaker, I want to respond to the gentlewoman from New Mexico,
whom I have a lot of respect for.
First of all, the cost of the program that we were debating was only
given to members of the committee that the President chose, not all
members of the committee.
Secondly, I find it scandalous, quite frankly, that this Congress is
abdicating its responsibility to put in place checks and balances on
the President's domestic spying program. When you talk about enforcing
and abiding by the Constitution of the United States, that is one of
our responsibilities. I think what the President is doing is illegal.
We should have a debate on this. The White House should be more
forthcoming. Quite frankly, it is an outrage.
Madam Speaker, I yield 4 minutes to the ranking Democrat on the House
Intelligence Committee, the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Harman).
(Ms. HARMAN asked and was given permission to revise and extend her
remarks.)
Ms. HARMAN. Madam Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding.
Madam Speaker, Americans awoke today to deadly terrorist bombings in
Egypt and a threatening new tape from al-Zarqawi, and today is our
chance to debate a bill that authorizes funds and sets new directions
in the fight to protect America. But this rule stifles debate about
critical issues and I strongly oppose it.
Members of our committee offered responsible amendments to strengthen
this bill, and we were shut out by the Rules Committee. As a result,
Madam Speaker, there will be no amendments today about the unlawful
eavesdropping on American citizens, the overhyping of Iran intelligence
without adequate basis, and the double standard this administration
applies to leaks.
Two amendments were filed that dealt with the President's NSA
program. Congresswoman Eshoo's amendment, which is different from her
request in committee that the budget for the program be disclosed to
our committee, would have expressed the sense of Congress that all
electronic surveillance, all eavesdropping of U.S. persons inside the
U.S., must comply with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and
the fourth amendment.
A bipartisan amendment offered by Representatives Flake, Schiff,
English and me states that FISA is the exclusive way to conduct
surveillance of Americans on U.S. soil. FISA has been our policy since
1978, until this NSA program was implemented by the White House.
The American people want our government to track the communications
of al Qaeda. Surely I do. But they also want our President to follow
the law and the Constitution.
I have been briefed on the President's NSA program several times, and
no one has convinced me why FISA cannot cover the entire program. The
two amendments, the Eshoo amendment and the Flake-Schiff amendment,
should have been made in order.
I am particularly outraged that Congressman Boswell's amendment to
require quarterly classified assessments of Iran's nuclear program was
rejected. What do we want to do in Iran? Do we want to repeat the
mistakes of Iraq? Do we want to have intelligence that is totally wrong
and base our national policy on totally wrong intelligence? I don't
think so.
Chairman Hoekstra, chairman of our committee, said just this weekend,
``As decisions are being made on Iran, we don't have all the
information that we would like to have.'' So why is it a bad idea to
require our Intelligence community to update Congress every three
months with accurate information so that at least Congress has
information on which to base responsible decisions? The Rules Committee
apparently thinks that is not a good idea.
Congressman Reyes submitted an amendment to provide dedicated fund
for the Privacy and Civil Liberties Board, which we will all recall was
a key part of the intelligence reform bill that we passed almost two
years ago.
Sure we want enhanced security, but we also want respect for American
values and our Constitution. The whole idea was we would have this
Board helping craft careful policy that enhanced security and also
protected civil liberties. Well, that Board now has two confirmed
members and no money, and in this bill we unfortunately do nothing
about providing any money.
Finally, Congressman Holt submitted an amendment to ensure that we
don't have a double standard on leaks. None of us condones leaks of
classified information. That is wrong. But why is it that people are
prosecuted for leaks, unless you work in the White House, in which case
the President or the Vice President can authorize you to leak
classified information to favored reporters in order to discredit
political enemies? A double standard is wrong.
This rule is inadequate. Sadly, this bill is inadequate. I ask for a
no vote on the rule.
Mr. PUTNAM. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Madam Speaker, I would like to address three of the points that the
distinguished ranking member made, and I would point out that we
appreciate her bipartisan efforts in crafting this bill, the underlying
bill that the rule addresses, that came out of the committee on a voice
vote.
First, the program that she categorized, that has been categorized, I
apologize, Madam Speaker, the program that has been categorized as an
``illegal eavesdropping program'' had in a previous press release been
characterized in this way: ``As the ranking member on the House
Intelligence Committee, I have been briefed since 2003 on a highly
classified NSA foreign collection program that targeted al Qaeda. I
believe the program is essential to U.S. national security and that its
disclosure has damaged critical intelligence capabilities.''
That was the statement of the ranking member of the House
Intelligence Committee as it relates to what has now been characterized
by saying it is illegal eavesdropping.
Secondly, this question of Iran reports, the Iran crisis scares the
dickens out of me. It is a very serious issue for this entire Chamber,
for this entire Nation. It is a country that is not only engaged in
what could be a speculative threat against its neighbors and the United
States and the world as a whole, but are bringing in cameras to show
that they are breaking IAEA seals, along with their red-hot rhetoric
coming out of their President calling for the destruction of our ally,
bragging about the uranium enrichment capabilities, talking about the
difference between P-1 and P-2 centrifuges.
It is a very serious issue, one that all Members of Congress should
make themselves aware of. As chairman of the policy committee, I was
joined by my Energy Subcommittee in going to New York on Monday to
receive such a briefing, the kind of briefing that every Member of
Congress is entitled to. As members of the House Intelligence
Committee, they are entitled to even higher-level briefings on the
Iranian situation at their request.
So, the requirement, the responsibility, for us to engage the
administration, to engage the Intelligence Community, to engage the
appropriate persons who are tracking this crisis is on us. And it is
not a mere every-90-day
[[Page H1778]]
exercise. It should be an ongoing exercise as developments come in
through the media and through other open sources that call on us to
further update our awareness of what is a very dangerous situation.
Thirdly, this idea of zero funding for the Civil Liberties Protection
Board, that is an issue within the White House budget. It is not
germane to the intelligence authorization bill, it is not an issue that
we can fund, and it was ruled out of order for that reason. It is a
matter for the appropriators who are dealing with the White House
budget line, not for the Intelligence Community's overall budget.
{time} 1315
Madam Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. McGOVERN. Madam Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from
Iowa (Mr. Boswell) who is a member of the committee.
(Mr. BOSWELL asked and was given permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. BOSWELL. Madam Speaker, today we will authorize the largest
intelligence budget in our history. I am pleased to be part of this
authorization, because I believe we have no higher purpose than to
support the brave soldiers, sailors, airmen, marines, and the civilian
intelligence officers of the front lines of our national security.
However, I am sad to say this. There is a lingering threat, spoken to
by Ms. Harman, that we have not addressed, which we should have. Last
night the Rules Committee dealt a blow to our ability to gather
intelligence on Iran's nuclear and missile capability by denying an
amendment that I had offered.
Now, if somebody else would like to offer that amendment, it is okay
with me. We have got to do what is right. I would ask you, Mr.
Chairman, if you are listening, that you might even think about doing
that. But it would require the Director of National Intelligence to
provide us quarterly written reports.
You know, people do best what we check. And if we were checking this,
and they were coming to us in our committee, and it is a classified
environment, it is safe, they could come there and we would have a
chance to see if they are actually doing the job. We should have done
that.
So it appears to me, and I am very disappointed to say this, that it
appears to me that it was pure politics that my amendment was denied.
And I am disappointed. When I joined this committee 5 years ago, I was
under the impression that politics would not interfere with our
intelligence work. But, apparently, not so.
If I might quote from the President's bipartisan, if you will, WMC
Commission, cochaired by Judge Lawrence Silverman and former Senator
Charles Robb: ``Across the board, the Intelligence Community knows
disturbingly little about the nuclear programs of many of the world's
most dangerous actors. In some cases it knows less now than 5 or 10
years ago.''
I just came across this thing from the Washington Times that our
chairman was quoted as: We really do not know. We really do not know
the status of Iran's nukes. We are getting lots of different messages
from their leadership.
Well, maybe I should just rest my case there, but we may have lost
the chance to offer this amendment. But I cannot overstate the
seriousness of this threat to global security, which could come from a
nuclear armed Iran. I wish we would have been able to address this
issue in the bill, and I hope my colleagues will support my efforts to
do so in the future.
Maybe somebody over there would like to offer the amendment. I do not
care. It needs to be done. It should. We in Congress must be a better
consumer of intelligence. It is a lesson we learned the hard way with
regard to Iraq. It is a sham that this amendment was denied. It is a
good bill, but it could have been better.
Madam Speaker, I urge my colleagues to vote ``no'' on the previous
question.
Mr. PUTNAM. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Madam Speaker, I appreciate the gentleman's comments on the concern
about Iran. As I said earlier, it is a huge issue and a major
international crisis for all of us to be tracking on a very routine
basis, especially those members of the Intelligence Committee who have
access to a higher level of information than the rest of us.
Madam Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. McGOVERN. Madam Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from
Ohio (Mr. Kucinich).
Mr. KUCINICH. Madam Speaker, I want to thank all of those who served
in gathering intelligence to protect the American people. It is
regrettable that intelligence is often reshaped to fit doctrine instead
of doctrine being reshaped in the face of the facts of intelligence.
This rule blocks several important amendments that the House should
have had the opportunity to debate. I sponsored one of those amendments
that would have resolved the concerns of media leaks by intelligence
community agents.
Several high-profile classified leaks to the media have emerged in
the last few years. These leaks have led to considerable release of
information about secret programs related to our intelligence agencies.
From these media leaks, we became aware of the efforts to manipulate
intelligence, to falsify a cause for war against Iraq.
We became aware of the illegal NSA domestic wiretapping program
without a court order. We became aware of the rumored CIA detention
centers in Eastern Europe, and the CIA's extraordinary rendition
program, used to transport suspects to other nations with less
restrictive torture policies.
The House Intelligence Committee report for this bill states that
leaks to the media damage our national security. In response, the CIA
fired an agent who had unapproved contacts with reporters last week. I
understand the concerns raised when intelligence leaks are reported in
the media.
However, if this House had conducted effective oversight, we would
not have been there in the first place. Our democracy was bolstered by
these leaks, and the world is a safer place as a result. Absent these
leaks, the current administration would see no limit to its dangerous
policies and continue to inflict its failed war on terrorism without
limitation.
To resolve this conflict I proposed an amendment that would remove
barriers to intelligence agency employees communicating with certain
committees of Congress. The purpose was to provide intelligence
employees a more appropriate outlet than the media and give Congress
better oversight capability.
This amendment provided an obstacle-free path for intelligence
employees to report to key Members of Congress their concerns. By
providing this outlet, the employees would not feel any need to leak
information to the media. So we need to do everything we can to protect
these who serve in intelligence who want to get information out to the
American people.
They should do it through the Congress, but there is no provision for
that in this bill. We need to protect this Nation, but we need to
protect it with the truth, not with manipulated intelligence.
Mr. PUTNAM. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I might
consume.
Madam Speaker, I want to address this issue of leaks briefly. Before
presenting this rule to the House, I took it upon myself to read the
bill. And because of the nature of the bill, it is only available in
Intelligence Committee space. And all Members have the opportunity to
review the material that we are going to be voting on later today.
In the context of this discussion about leaks, I was reminded that at
the beginning of every Congress, upon our election, we, all Members of
this House, have to sign something saying that we recognize that House
rules prevent us from disclosing classified information.
In addition, when you go to read the bill that we are here today to
consider, you sign another form reaffirming that you have taken this
oath, this obligation to not disclose classified information. That is
what Members of Congress have to do.
When you join the CIA, you sign a standard secrecy agreement that
says that you are going to keep the things that you are working on
secret to protect the interests of our Nation. You
[[Page H1779]]
are not going to go writing books about it, you are not going to make a
movie about it, you are not going to cash in on this Nation's security.
When you have access to sensitive compartmented information, you sign
yet another nondisclosure agreement, again to drive home the point to
the employees who are guarding the very secrets that keep us safe and
free that you cannot capitalize on America's secrets.
This was very clear to the leaker. This was made very clear to
Members of Congress. There is no double standard. What the individual
did was against the law, was a complete breach of the secrecy agreement
that that individual signed upon becoming an employee and then having
progressively higher levels of access to more and more sensitive
information. It is abundantly clear that what she did was wrong.
Mr. KUCINICH. Madam Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUTNAM. I yield to the gentleman from Ohio.
Mr. KUCINICH. Madam Speaker, I would ask my good friend from Florida
a simple question, that is, what happens when Congress is given false
information in these briefings, having signed something that then they
cannot disclose what they are told?
See, this is the problem here. I just wanted to respectfully share
that with you. Thank you.
Mr. PUTNAM. Madam Speaker, reclaiming my time, I respect the
gentleman's perspective.
That is why this bill is so important, number one; and number two, it
is why it is so vitally important that our representatives on that
committee, that our House Members on both sides of the aisle on the
House Permanent Select Subcommittee on Intelligence, ask the correct
questions, are given the proper orientation, dig into these issues,
make this committee a priority, because they are the rest of this
House's eyes and ears on those very sensitive issues.
Madam Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. McGOVERN. Madam Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from
Massachusetts (Mr. Frank).
Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts. Madam Speaker, that last discussion
actually interested me. The question would be, what penalty would a
Member of Congress face if, having left a classified briefing, that
Member disclosed information that turned out to be false?
You know, in libel, truth is a defense. Perhaps when it comes to
disclosing classified information that comes from this administration,
falsity would be a defense on the grounds that if it was not true, who
is going to be hurt?
The gentleman from Florida talked about oaths. I want to talk about
one that I took, to uphold the Constitution of the United States,
because the Rules Committee is interfering with my ability to do that.
We have one of the most serious constitutional issues facing this
country now that we have faced in a very long time: the assertion by
the President of the United States that because of terrorism, he
basically is freed from restraints.
He has announced by the way, remember, it is not directly relevant to
this bill, but he has announced that as President he may order the
imprisonment for an indefinite period of time of an American citizen,
and that citizen has no recourse to any tribunal to disprove any
charges against him, and there may not be any charges lodged.
That is one of the things he said. In that same breathtaking
assertion of untrammeled power, he says he can order the wiretapping of
any American citizen; and it has gone beyond, as was brought out in the
questions by the Judiciary Committee of the Attorney General, even
within America. I think that is a dangerous abuse of power.
I believe we are able to protect ourselves against terrorists, and we
should protect ourselves against these murderous fanatics, but I
believe we are able to do that while still observing the Constitution.
And I want to be very clear. I want to give law enforcement power. I
believe law enforcement, they are the good guys, but they are not the
perfect guys.
You give the good guys power, but you give it to them in a series of
balances and restraints. You do not give them untrammeled power. The
President has announced that he has carried out a program of
wiretapping invasion of the most private moments of any American, with
nobody else given any involvement, no warrants.
Now the gentleman from California (Mr. Schiff) presented to the Rules
Committee a very thoughtful amendment that would reaffirm that we want
to go by the law of 1978, that would repudiate one of the most
outrageous and, I am going to use the technical term here,
``cockamamie'' arguments I have ever heard; namely, that when all of us
voted to justify, to authorize the force against the Taliban in
Afghanistan, we were somehow authorizing warrantless wiretapping.
You know, I want to say to the people who say that, follow one of my
rules. In a political debate, no matter how convenient it seems to you,
please do not say anything that no one believes. It will not be
helpful. No one believes that. But we now this have situation where the
bill that includes some of the money that carries out the warrantless
wiretapping is before us.
People may think warrantless wiretapping is fine. I think it is a
violation of the Constitution. But they should not be controversial.
Should not this House of Representative be able to vote on that
subject?
The gentleman from California presented a bipartisan amendment
dealing with wireless wiretapping, reaffirming what some of us think;
that there should be restraint, repudiating the outrageous argument
that the Afghan resolution okayed it. And you have, Madam Speaker, and
your party, refused to allow the House to vote on it. That is the
disgrace. That is the abuse of the Constitution.
We are not even going to be allowed to vote on an amendment that
would deal with this central constitutional question. And I would just
say in closing, we are now in the process of instructing the people of
Iraq about how to ruin parliamentary democracy.
As they see you deny us the right to vote on this central
constitutional question, I say again what I have said before: if
anybody from the Iraqi Parliament is watching our procedures, please do
not try this at home.
Mr. PUTNAM. Madam Speaker, the cultural differences in this House are
intriguing. Hailing from the South, we would label ``cockamamie'' a
theory where the President would conspire to break the law and invite
Members of the other party in on the deal. We would call that a pretty
cockamamie theory.
And so when the President, in an effort to keep America safe and to
monitor members of al Qaeda who are communicating with people inside
our borders, probably not checking the weather, probably not seeing how
the Yankees or the Mets are doing, but plotting very dangerous, tragic,
consequential events to destroy our way of life, to cause mayhem, to
cause loss of life, we want to know what they are up to.
And the President, under this cockamamie theory, conspired to protect
us, in the gentleman's words illegally protect us; but he did so in a
way that brought in a team of lawyers, reviewed the program every 45
days, and invited members of leadership from both parties, from both
Houses of the legislative branch, to be in on that discussion.
{time} 1330
That is a cockamamie theory that he was conspiring to break the law
in that regard. He was fulfilling his oath to protect this Nation.
Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUTNAM. I yield to the gentleman from Massachusetts.
Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts. First, I guess I didn't know we would get
in great detail about what was cockamamier than what; but when I used
that phrase, I was referring specifically only to one argument: the
argument that the Afghanistan force resolution authorizes. That is all
I said.
I repeat, anybody who makes that argument is, let's use a Southern
expression, had too much moonshine. Beyond that, I understand the
gentleman thinks it is okay for warrantless wiretapping. The question
is not wiretapping, but warrantless.
But my question is this: Why can't the House of Representatives vote
on it? By what right does the Rules Committee arrogate to itself the
right to
[[Page H1780]]
extinguish debate? I expect that there will be differences.
Mr. PUTNAM. Reclaiming my time, I recognize that the gentleman's use
of ``cockamamie'' was directed at another aspect of this debate. But I
stand by my comment that the President of the United States did not
conspire to engage in any illegal, inappropriate activity by, first,
calling a team of lawyers and, second, calling the leadership of the
opposite party.
Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from
Texas (Mr. Thornberry), another member of the House Intelligence
Committee, another leader on national security issues for us.
Mr. THORNBERRY. Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the gentleman from Florida
for yielding his time and his handling of this rule.
Actually, there were a number of statements made by my colleague from
Massachusetts with which I fully agree. As a matter of fact, one of the
challenges, I think, of bringing this bill to the floor is that we are
all, in an age of terrorism, attempting to find the right place where
we are effective against the terrorists who are trying to kill as many
of us as possible, but also not lose sight of our Constitution and our
freedoms and the fundamental nature of this society.
One of the key elements in trying to get that right is a whole area
of government activity which we cannot talk about, and which the
Intelligence Committee is charged with overseeing and helping shape.
And so every year, our challenge is to bring a bill that oversees and
helps shape those activities to this floor in a very public forum.
A number of the issues that we talk about have been reported
extensively in various newspaper articles. And we know that some of it
is right and some of it is wrong, and yet you can't come here and
correct the factual misstatements and the improper impressions which
people have.
I think it is important to affirm two things. Number one is that
there is much in this bill which is largely agreed upon. Now, the
nature of coming to the floor with this kind of bill is that we are
going to spend most of our time talking about differences, or at least
making up differences to talk about, when they didn't exist maybe a
week or two ago. But the central direction, and most of the provisions
of this bill, for the people who have taken the time to go read it, are
largely agreed upon by both sides of the aisle.
The second thing that I think it is important to emphasize is that
the members of the Intelligence Committee take their responsibilities
very seriously. If you have any doubt about that, just listen again to
the comments, for example, of the gentlewoman from New Mexico who was,
one, standing up to insist upon a much greater role by this Congress in
oversight of the terrorist surveillance program.
That oversight is under way. As she said, it is very important for us
to understand the details and the procedures and the process and the
specifics of this program before we come to the floor and decide about
how various laws ought to be changed in different ways. But that is
just one example.
There are many, many issues before the Intelligence Committee on
which we attempt to exercise our oversight in a very serious and
responsible way. We may not agree on all the details or where things
ought to go, but this committee is not a rubber stamp for any
administration, or any President, and at the same time we take very
seriously the recommendations which were in the Commission on Weapons
of Mass Destruction that our oversight needs to be strategic; not just
following the headlines of the day hither and yon as reporters may
write stories, but to follow strategic oversight in a way that makes
this country safer. That is always going to be our goal.
Of course, any rule which brings an intelligence authorization bill
to the floor has got to be somewhat restrictive, because there is so
much that we simply cannot talk about on the floor without damaging the
country's security.
I think this is a good rule. It frames debate on key issues. I think
it should be supported as well as the bill.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from
New Jersey (Mr. Holt) who was also shut out of being able to offer an
amendment in the Rules Committee last night.
Mr. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman. I rise in opposition to
this rule. A number of amendments were denied to some very responsible
Members of this body. One amendment would have required the President
or the Vice President, if they intend to declassify intelligence
documents, to inform the congressional Intelligence Committees and the
originating agencies ahead of time.
As we have learned in the last month through court filings, the
President, without informing, much less consulting our committee,
elected to secretly and selectively declassify portions of the 2002
national intelligence assessment about Iraq's weapons of mass
destruction. Now, by sworn statement, we know that this was done to
rebut critics of the administration who questioned the rationale for
the war.
The American people deserve to have the full facts. This amendment
that I offered but we were denied the opportunity to debate on the
floor would have ensured that any future classification efforts would
have been disclosed. It would have exposed what the ranking member of
our committee called the double standard of leaks.
Another amendment that I would have offered would have required any
inquiries about intelligence employees or contractors made by
nonintelligence community government officials, such as the President,
the Vice President, the White House staff, would be reported to the
congressional Intelligence Committees together, so that the propriety
of such an inquiry could be considered. Had my amendment passed, it
would have given Congress the opportunity to say clearly whether outing
a career intelligence officer for gratuitous reasons would be
tolerated.
Now, the gentleman from Florida said with regard to this bill before
us, all Members will have the opportunity to review the material before
us. No, not so. Even the cost of the unwarranted surveillance program
will be provided only to a few Members.
The gentlewoman from New Mexico said that she has been informed, but
I can tell you 425 other Members of this body have not been informed
even about the cost of this program. And they cannot and they will not
be informed, yet they are asked to vote on what is one of the most
significant changes in intelligence collection in American history.
The checks and balances spelled out in this document, which I refer
to my friend from Florida, known as the Constitution of these United
States, this hallowed document, those checks and balances, are eroded.
The debate here, allowed by the Rules Committee, or the lack of it,
makes a mockery of this hallowed document.
Amendments by Representatives Boswell, Reyes, Eshoo, Harman, Flake,
Frank, Kucinich, Maloney, Schiff, Shays and others have been denied. We
have been denied the opportunity to debate significant issues on the
floor.
Mr. PUTNAM. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
The gentleman from New Jersey is a very capable member of the
Intelligence Committee, and surely he is not suggesting that covert
actions of the United States Government should be made available to
every single Member of Congress. Surely the gentleman is not suggesting
that every classified program that this United States is engaged in
should be available to every single Member.
I would invite the gentleman to respond. Would the Manhattan Project
have been available to every single Member who asked about its cost,
the number of employees, where the activity was going on, how many
people were involved? Would the gentleman have suggested that every
Member of Congress would have been clued in on that, even when the Vice
President wasn't?
Mr. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. PUTNAM. I yield to the gentleman from New Jersey.
Mr. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, I think it certainly would not be asking too
much that every member of the Intelligence Committee had access to this
and far from it, if I may complete the answer, just as the President
has decided he can pick and choose which laws apply to him.
[[Page H1781]]
These are significant issues that need to be debated here on the
floor.
Mr. PUTNAM. Reclaiming my time, I think the gentleman, by his answer,
has answered the question that clearly we have an Intelligence
Committee specifically for the purpose of being our eyes and ears,
because we do not empower every single Senator and every single House
Member with every single detail of every activity going on in the
intelligence community, and there are very strong reasons for that. So,
clearly, that would not be the proper course of action.
Under longstanding committee tradition, the chair and the ranking
member of both Houses were brought into a different level of awareness
on certain activities that were going on. Under Democratic and
Republican control, that was the case.
As a result of the terrorist surveillance program, the Senate created
an entire new subcommittee to deal with the issue, and the House
expanded access to that information to 11 Members, an unprecedented
number of Members going beyond the historical, under the Democratic
model, four Members who had been given access to those types of
programs and activities.
Mr. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will further yield, the
gentleman says unprecedented number. Yes, an unprecedentedly small
number.
We on the Intelligence Committee have a responsibility to review
these issues on behalf of all 435 Members of the House of
Representatives. I am not for a moment suggesting that all things need
to be discussed here on the floor or in open. Of course, it is
necessary so that we preserve national secrets.
Mr. PUTNAM. Mr. Speaker, relaiming my time, the gentleman had
suggested that the other 420 Members of the House had not had access to
the information, and that is precisely how it is set up, that they
would not have access to that information. That is why we have talented
Members like yourself on the committee, and that is why we have
expanded access to information about that program to more members of
the committee than ever before.
Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentlewoman from
New York (Mrs. Maloney), who also was shut off being able to offer an
amendment.
Mrs. MALONEY. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding and for
his leadership on the Rules Committee.
As we can tell by the debate, there were a number of critical issues,
the warrantless wiretaps and many others, that were denied by this
restrictive rule.
It has become clear to me that the Republican leadership of this
House simply does not care about protecting the civil liberties of the
American people.
Last night, in a bipartisan effort, Congressman Shays and I went
before the Rules Committee for the fifth time, seeking the opportunity
to debate an amendment that would create the Privacy and Civil
Liberties Board as envisioned by the 9/11 Commission. This morning, we
learned for the fifth time in a row that the Rules Committee has denied
this House even the opportunity to debate this important amendment that
is supported unanimously by the 9/11 Commission and by the 9/11
families.
This is just the latest in a series of actions by the Republican
House leadership to deny us the opportunity to have a full debate on
the protection of our civil liberties, and I want to make sure that
people listening know the track record of this House.
When we were considering the intelligence reform bill that enacted
many of the 9/11 Commission's recommendations, it was this House that
refused to include a committee-approved, bipartisan amendment to create
this board in any legislation passed by the House of Representatives.
It was this House that stripped the Privacy and Civil Liberties
Oversight Board's subpoena power, bipartisan makeup, and qualifications
requirements during conference negotiations. All of these provisions
had passed the Senate, a vote of 96-2, but the House of Representatives
struck it out.
{time} 1345
It is this House that has refused amendments by members of the
Intelligence Committee to require a budget line for this board and the
authorization we are voting on today backing up the President's action
to defund the board in his budget. And it is this House that denies our
repeated attempt to even debate an amendment that would give the board
the power and authority that it needs to do the job. I hope the
American people are watching, because this House refuses to do anything
to protect the civil liberties of the American people.
And I would like to quote from the 9/11 Commission report where they
said, ``If our liberties are curtailed, we lose the values that we are
struggling so hard to defend.''
Again, they have spoken out many times in support of this Civil
Liberties and Privacy Board that would provide balance and restraint to
the National Intelligence Reform Act, and I urge my colleagues to have
a strong ``no'' vote on this restrictive rule.
Mr. PUTNAM. Mr. Speaker, setting aside the fact that the amendment
the gentlewoman refers to is not germane to this bill, I point out to
the gentlewoman that the amendment that she refers to creates a
commission that, A, already exists; and, B, the chair and vice chair
have already been confirmed by the Senate, and the members have been
appointed.
Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to yield 2\1/2\ minutes to another member
of the House Intelligence Committee, the gentleman from Arizona (Mr.
Renzi).
Mr. RENZI. I thank the gentleman.
I want to help clear up a couple of confusing issues here. First of
all, when we talk about the resolution of force that was passed by the
House of Representatives, both Republicans and Democrats, we were
talking about our response to the attacks on this country after 9/11.
We were talking about morphing the force; being able to have liquidity
and being able to take the capability of this country and go after
terrorists, who don't confine themselves to the border of one country.
You talk about the resolution of force, and you mention the country
of Afghanistan as if it was only limited to the boundaries of
Afghanistan. It is a falsehood to say so to the American people. It is
not right. It is wrong. We took the resolution of force and said, you,
the President, you have got to manage the intelligence, you have got to
manage the Armed Forces, you have got to go after terrorists all around
the world like a cancer that metastasizes itself. You have to go where
they are. You have to be able to listen to them calling into the United
States. You have to break up their terrorist cells. The American people
expect you to do so.
There has been a lot of talk and a lot of rhetoric of people on this
committee about a point that we debated ad nauseam in committee, which
is that the President somehow didn't inform the committee. That is a
falsehood. The President fully informed the committee to the letter of
the law. The 1947 Intelligence Act established that the President shall
inform the committee, but the establishment language of the act says
that the President and the Congress shall establish the procedures.
So what were the procedures established under Truman? That it was
okay for the President to inform the Gang of Eight, the House and the
Senate, and limit it to four on each side. It is okay to do that. And
Truman did it, and Carter did it, and Reagan, and Clinton, and this
President did it, and he abided by the law. And to say so otherwise is
to ill inform the American people. It is misguided, and it is false.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, let me, before I introduce our next
speaker, let me just respond by saying what has the American people
concerned is that we have a set of procedures in place, the so-called
FISA procedures, which allow the President to put anybody under
surveillance here in the United States providing that he gets a
warrant. And he can even get a warrant after he puts somebody under
surveillance. The question is why can't he follow the procedures in
place? In my opinion, he is breaking the law.
And I would also say that the other question is, why in the world,
given the controversy on this issue, can't this Congress have an up-or-
down vote on this issue? If the majority thinks that the President
should be able to put anybody under surveillance he wants
[[Page H1782]]
without a warrant, fine. Then write the bill and bring it to the floor,
let us debate it and pass it up or down.
I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Conyers).
Mr. CONYERS. I thank my friend on the Rules Committee, ranking
member, for allowing me to interject in this discussion at this point,
because I am stunned to hear now that there are people still defending
the President's right to have illegal spying on Americans when actually
we didn't know about it until the leaks occurred. He wasn't telling
everybody regularly about it. What we are dealing with now is some
spurious claims. And I am interested that the authorization for the use
of military force was supposed to allow domestic wiretapping on
Americans.
Ladies and gentlemen, we already have a couple of systems dealing
with terrorism surveillance. One is called the Foreign Intelligence
Surveillance Act. There is plenty of room here for us to survey spying.
If we want to take care of spying, let us do that, but we are talking
about spying on Americans where there is no connection with foreign
intelligence. No question about it at all.
And so Sandra Day O'Connor declared to that kind of an argument that
in the case of combatants captured in the battlefield, it is clear that
a state of war is not a blank check for the President when it comes to
the rights of the Nation's citizens. So what we debate on the rule here
today is whether or not there should have been an allowance for the
Schiff amendment, and all we are saying is that there should have been.
Mr. PUTNAM. Mr. Speaker, may I inquire as to the remaining time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Rehberg). Both sides have 2\1/2\
minutes.
Mr. PUTNAM. I have no further speakers, Mr. Speaker, and I reserve
the balance of my time.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, I will be asking Members to vote ``no'' on
the previous question. If the previous question is defeated, I will
amend the rule to allow the House to consider the Boswell amendment on
Iran nuclear programs. This amendment was offered in the Rules
Committee last night, but was defeated on a straight party-line vote.
It is yet another example of what I believe is the abuse of power by
the Republican-dominated Rules Committee.
Mr. Speaker, this amendment requires the Director of National
Intelligence to submit reports to Congress on Iran's weapons of mass
destruction every 90 days. It requires these reports to include an
assessment of Iran's nuclear programs, an evaluation of intelligence
sources, a summary of new intelligence for any information that would
increase confidence in overall assessment.
Mr. Speaker, we are deeply concerned over the ominous situation in
Iran with regard to the potential for nuclear weapons in that country,
and I think most Members of this body would agree that it is absolutely
critical that we continue to monitor the situation very closely and
receive frequent updates on Iran. We need to have constant and accurate
updates on this very serious situation. There is too much at stake here
for us to do less.
Have we learned nothing from what we experienced with regard to the
misleading intelligence and the false intelligence on Iraq? Have we
learned nothing from the fact that this Congress did not do its job;
did not take its oversight responsibility seriously; did not ask the
questions; did not hold the administration accountable?
Mr. Speaker, this should not be a controversial issue. Chairman
Hoekstra and Ranking Member Harman have worked in a bipartisan way.
This should have been worked out in a bipartisan way. I cannot imagine
why anybody would be opposed to this amendment.
Members should be aware that a ``no'' vote will not prevent
consideration of the intelligence bill and will not affect any of the
amendments that are in order under this rule, but a ``no'' vote will
allow us to add this important amendment that seeks to fully understand
the depth of the nuclear situation in Iran.
I would again urge my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to vote
for this. This should be a bipartisan vote. There is no reason, there
is no reason to vote this down unless somehow you do not want to hear
the information; unless somehow you do not want to demand this
administration be accountable and inform the Members of this Congress.
On the issue of nuclear weapons in Iran, it should be every Member of
this Congress, quite frankly, who should have access to relevant
material. We need to learn our lesson. We are in a mess right now in
Iraq. We are involved in a quagmire that has cost over 2,500 lives,
hundreds of billions of dollars, and we know the intelligence was
wrong. Let us do it right this time. Let us not rush into a war
unnecessarily. Let us demand from this administration some
accountability and some truth.
Vote ``no'' on the previous question.
Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to insert the text of the
amendment and extraneous materials immediately prior to the vote on the
previous question.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the
gentleman from Massachusetts?
There was no objection.
Mr. PUTNAM. Mr. Speaker, my friend from Massachusetts had me with
Iran and lost me with Iraq. Everything that he said regarding the
seriousness of the threat from Iran, a nuclear-capable Iran, is
unacceptable to our interests. Everything he said is absolutely
correct.
And I can save him the vote on the previous question by asking him to
turn to page 22 of the public version of the intelligence authorization
bill, where it says, under the subheading Reporting Regarding Iran and
North Korea, ``The committee has conducted regular and ongoing
oversight of these efforts and expects the DNI to ensure that the
Intelligence Community continues to provide timely, detailed, and
frequent reporting on the current intentions and capabilities on Iran
and North Korea's nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological, and
missile programs, as well as the Intelligence Community's capabilities
to understand and evaluate these programs. In particular, the committee
is interested in receiving, on an ongoing basis current assessments of
Iran and North Korea's nuclear, chemical, biological weapons, and
missile programs; information on new intelligence developed, including
intelligence collected from both open and clandestine sources; and full
discussion of any gaps in knowledge, dissents, caveats, and other
information that would tend to reduce confidence in the overall
assessment. The committee believes these reports will provide timely
information to help better inform Congress as it is asked to make
decisions regarding U.S. policy towards Iran and North Korea.''
The reporting requirement is in the bill. Mr. Speaker, this is a very
important issue. I urge the gentleman, I urge the Congress to support
the rule, support the underlying bill, and support the hardworking men
and women.
The material previously referred to by Mr. McGovern is as follows:
Previous Question for H. Res. 774--Rule on H.R. 5020, Intelligence
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007
At the end of the resolution, add the following:
Sec. 2. Notwithstanding any other provision of this
resolution the amendment specified in section 3 shall be in
order as though printed after the amendment numbered 6 in the
report of the Committee on Rules if offered by Representative
Boswell of Iowa or a designee. That amendment shall be
debatable for 30 minutes equally divided and controlled by
the proponent and an opponent.
Sec. 3. The amendment referred to in section 2 is as
follows:
Amendment to H.R. 5020, as Reported
Offered by Mr. Boswell of Iowa
At the end of title III (page 16, after line 10), insert
the following new section:
SEC. 308. IRAN INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT.
(a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Iran
Intelligence Oversight Act''.
(b) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) The development of nuclear weapons and the long-range
missiles capable of delivering them by the Islamic Republic
of Iran threatens the national security of the United States
and its allies.
(2) Denying these capabilities to Iran is among the most
important national security interests of the United States.
(3) Iran's avowed hostility towards the United States and
Israel, Iran's stated commitment to develop all elements of
the nuclear fuel cycle, Iran's continued defiance of
international efforts to account for its nuclear program,
Iran's development of long-range ballistic missile
technology, and Iran's
[[Page H1783]]
three decades of support for international terrorist
organizations raise grave suspicions about the purpose of its
nuclear and missile programs.
(4) The United States Government's current intelligence on
Iran may not be sufficient to assess the capabilities and
intentions of Iran with a high degree of certainty.
(5) The bipartisan Commission on the Intelligence
Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass
Destruction, co-chaired by Judge Lawrence Silberman and
former Senator Charles S. Robb, reported in 2005 that
``across the board, the Intelligence Community knows
disturbingly little about the nuclear programs of many of the
world's most dangerous actors. In some cases, it knows less
now than it did five or ten years ago''. This statement aptly
describes the challenge faced by policy-makers in the United
States with regard to Iran's weapons ambitions.
(6) If the President and Congress are to develop an
effective policy to counter the weapons programs of Iran,
such a policy must be based on accurate and timely
intelligence to the extent that it is possible to collect
such intelligence.
(7) Under section 502(a)(2) of the National Security Act of
1947 (50 U.S.C. 413a(a)(2)), the intelligence community must
``furnish the congressional intelligence committees any
information or material concerning intelligence activities .
. . which is within their custody or control''.
(8) Regular reports to Congress on the intentions and
capabilities of Iran with regard to Iran's nuclear program,
in addition to the continuing requirement to ensure that the
congressional intelligence committees are kept fully and
currently informed of all intelligence activities, will
assist Congress in the development of effective policy to
counter the weapons programs of Iran.
(c) Quarterly Intelligence Briefings to Congress on Iran.--
(1) Report.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and at least every 90 days thereafter,
the Director of National Intelligence shall submit to the
relevant committees a report, in classified form, on the
current intentions and capabilities of the Islamic Republic
of Iran with regard to the nuclear program of Iran,
including--
(A) an assessment of nuclear weapons programs;
(B) an evaluation, consistent with existing reporting
standards and practices, of the sources upon which the
intelligence is based, including the number of sources and
the reliability of each source;
(C) a summary of any new intelligence gathered or developed
since the previous report, including intelligence collected
from both open and clandestine sources; and
(D) a discussion of any dissents, caveats, gaps in
knowledge, or other information that would reduce confidence
in the overall assessment.
(2) Access to report.--Each report submitted under
paragraph (1) shall be made available to all members of the
relevant committees and to all staff of the relevant
committees with appropriate security clearance. Other members
of the Senate or the House of Representatives may review the
reports by following security procedures established by each
of the relevant committees.
(3) Relevant committees.--In this section, the term
``relevant committees'' means the Permanent Select Committee
on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and the
Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.
____
The Vote on the Previous Question: What It Really Means
This vote, the vote on whether to order the previous
question on a special rule, is not merely a procedural vote.
A vote against ordering the previous question is a vote
against the Republican majority agenda and a vote to allow
the opposition, at least for the moment, to offer an
alternative plan. It is a vote about what the House should be
debating.
Mr. Clarence Cannon's Precedents of the House of
Representatives, (VI, 308-311) describes the vote on the
previous question on the rule as ``a motion to direct or
control the consideration of the subject before the House
being made by the Member in charge.'' To defeat the previous
question is to give the opposition a chance to decide the
subject before the House. Cannon cites the Speaker's ruling
of January 13, 1920, to the effect that ``the refusal of the
House to sustain the demand for the previous question passes
the control of the resolution to the opposition'' in order to
offer an amendment. On March 15, 1909, a member of the
majority party offered a rule resolution. The House defeated
the previous question and a member of the opposition rose to
a parliamentary inquiry, asking who was entitled to
recognition. Speaker Joseph G. Cannon (R-Illinois) said:
``The previous question having been refused, the gentleman
from New York, Mr. Fitzgerald, who had asked the gentleman to
yield to him for an amendment, is entitled to the first
recognition.''
Because the vote today may look bad for the Republican
majority they will say ``the vote on the previous question is
simply a vote on whether to proceed to an immediate vote on
adopting the resolution * * * [and] has no substantive
legislative or policy implications whatsoever.'' But that is
not what they have always said. Listen to the Republican
Leadership Manual on the Legislative Process in the United
States House of Representatives, (6th edition, page 135).
Here's how the Republicans describe the previous question
vote in their own manual: Although it is generally not
possible to amend the rule because the majority Member
controlling the time will not yield for the purpose of
offering an amendment, the same result may be achieved by
voting down the previous question on the rule * * * When the
motion for the previous question is defeated, control of the
time passes to the Member who led the opposition to ordering
the previous question. That Member, because he then controls
the time, may offer an amendment to the rule, or yield for
the purpose of amendment.''
Deschler's Procedure in the U.S. House of Representatives,
the subchapter titled ``Amending Special Rules'' states: ``a
refusal to order the previous question on such a rule [a
special rule reported from the Committee on Rules] opens the
resolution to amendment and further debate.'' (Chapter 21,
section 21.2) Section 21.3 continues: Upon rejection of the
motion for the previous question on a resolution reported
from the Committee on Rules, control shifts to the Member
leading the opposition to the previous question, who may
offer a proper amendment or motion and who controls the time
for debate thereon.''
Clearly, the vote on the previous question on a rule does
have substantive policy implications. It is one of the only
available tools for those who oppose the Republican
majority's agenda to offer an alternative plan.
Mr. PUTNAM. Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time, and I
move the previous question on the resolution.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on ordering the previous
question.
Parliamentary Inquiry
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, parliamentary inquiry.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman will state his parliamentary
inquiry.
Mr. McGOVERN. My parliamentary inquiry, Mr. Speaker, is: Isn't it
accurate that the language that the gentleman just referred to in the
bill is discretionary, whereas what we are talking about is statutory
language that would require reporting every 90 days so that we don't
make the same mistake we did in Iraq?
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Chair cannot respond to that inquiry. It
is not the province of the Chair to interpret the substance of the
bill.
The question was taken; and the Speaker pro tempore announced that
the ayes appeared to have it.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, I object to the vote on the ground that a
quorum is not present and make the point of order that a quorum is not
present.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Evidently a quorum is not present.
The Sergeant at Arms will notify absent Members.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to clause 8 and clause 9 of rule
XX, this 15-minute vote on ordering the previous question on House
Resolution 774 will be followed by 5-minute votes on adopting House
Resolution 774, if ordered; suspending the rules and adopting House
Concurrent Resolution 365; and suspending the rules and passing H.R.
282.
The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were--yeas 228,
nays 194, not voting 10, as follows:
[Roll No. 102]
YEAS--228
Aderholt
Akin
Alexander
Bachus
Baker
Barrett (SC)
Bartlett (MD)
Barton (TX)
Bass
Beauprez
Biggert
Bilirakis
Bishop (UT)
Blackburn
Blunt
Boehlert
Boehner
Bonilla
Bonner
Bono
Boozman
Boustany
Bradley (NH)
Brady (TX)
Brown (SC)
Brown-Waite, Ginny
Burgess
Burton (IN)
Buyer
Calvert
Camp (MI)
Campbell (CA)
Cannon
Cantor
Capito
Carter
Castle
Chabot
Chocola
Coble
Cole (OK)
Conaway
Crenshaw
Cubin
Culberson
Davis (KY)
Davis, Jo Ann
Davis, Tom
Deal (GA)
DeLay
Dent
Diaz-Balart, L.
Diaz-Balart, M.
Doolittle
Drake
Dreier
Duncan
Ehlers
Emerson
English (PA)
Eshoo
Everett
Feeney
Ferguson
Fitzpatrick (PA)
Flake
Foley
Forbes
Fortenberry
Fossella
Foxx
Franks (AZ)
Frelinghuysen
Gallegly
Garrett (NJ)
Gerlach
Gibbons
Gilchrest
Gillmor
Gingrey
Gohmert
Goode
Goodlatte
Granger
Graves
Green (WI)
Gutknecht
Hall
Harris
Hart
Hastings (WA)
Hayes
Hayworth
Hefley
Hensarling
Herger
Hobson
Hoekstra
Hostettler
Hulshof
Hunter
Hyde
Inglis (SC)
Issa
Istook
Jenkins
Jindal
Johnson (CT)
Johnson (IL)
Johnson, Sam
Jones (NC)
Keller
Kelly
Kennedy (MN)
King (IA)
King (NY)
Kingston
Kirk
Kline
Knollenberg
Kolbe
Kuhl (NY)
LaHood
Latham
LaTourette
Leach
Lewis (CA)
Lewis (KY)
[[Page H1784]]
Linder
LoBiondo
Lucas
Lungren, Daniel E.
Mack
Manzullo
Marchant
McCaul (TX)
McCotter
McCrery
McHenry
McHugh
McKeon
McMorris
Mica
Miller (FL)
Miller (MI)
Miller, Gary
Moran (KS)
Murphy
Musgrave
Myrick
Neugebauer
Ney
Northup
Norwood
Nunes
Nussle
Otter
Oxley
Paul
Pearce
Pence
Peterson (PA)
Petri
Pickering
Pitts
Platts
Poe
Pombo
Porter
Price (GA)
Pryce (OH)
Putnam
Radanovich
Ramstad
Regula
Rehberg
Reichert
Renzi
Reynolds
Rogers (AL)
Rogers (KY)
Rogers (MI)
Rohrabacher
Royce
Ryan (WI)
Ryun (KS)
Saxton
Schmidt
Schwarz (MI)
Sensenbrenner
Sessions
Shadegg
Shaw
Shays
Sherwood
Shimkus
Simmons
Simpson
Smith (NJ)
Smith (TX)
Sodrel
Souder
Stearns
Sullivan
Sweeney
Tancredo
Taylor (NC)
Terry
Thomas
Thornberry
Tiahrt
Tiberi
Turner
Upton
Walden (OR)
Walsh
Wamp
Weldon (FL)
Weldon (PA)
Weller
Westmoreland
Whitfield
Wicker
Wilson (NM)
Wilson (SC)
Wolf
Young (AK)
Young (FL)
NAYS--194
Abercrombie
Ackerman
Allen
Andrews
Baird
Baldwin
Barrow
Bean
Becerra
Berkley
Berman
Berry
Bishop (GA)
Bishop (NY)
Blumenauer
Boren
Boswell
Boucher
Boyd
Brady (PA)
Brown (OH)
Brown, Corrine
Butterfield
Capps
Capuano
Cardin
Cardoza
Carnahan
Carson
Case
Chandler
Clay
Cleaver
Clyburn
Conyers
Cooper
Costa
Costello
Cramer
Crowley
Cuellar
Cummings
Davis (AL)
Davis (CA)
Davis (FL)
Davis (IL)
Davis (TN)
DeFazio
DeGette
Delahunt
DeLauro
Dicks
Dingell
Doggett
Doyle
Edwards
Emanuel
Engel
Etheridge
Farr
Filner
Ford
Frank (MA)
Gonzalez
Gordon
Green, Al
Green, Gene
Grijalva
Gutierrez
Harman
Herseth
Higgins
Hinchey
Hinojosa
Holden
Holt
Honda
Hooley
Hoyer
Inslee
Israel
Jackson (IL)
Jackson-Lee (TX)
Jefferson
Johnson, E. B.
Jones (OH)
Kanjorski
Kaptur
Kennedy (RI)
Kildee
Kilpatrick (MI)
Kind
Kucinich
Langevin
Lantos
Larsen (WA)
Larson (CT)
Lee
Levin
Lewis (GA)
Lipinski
Lofgren, Zoe
Lowey
Lynch
Maloney
Markey
Marshall
Matheson
Matsui
McCarthy
McCollum (MN)
McDermott
McGovern
McIntyre
McKinney
McNulty
Meehan
Meek (FL)
Meeks (NY)
Melancon
Michaud
Miller (NC)
Miller, George
Mollohan
Moore (KS)
Moran (VA)
Murtha
Nadler
Napolitano
Neal (MA)
Oberstar
Obey
Olver
Ortiz
Owens
Pallone
Pascrell
Pastor
Payne
Pelosi
Peterson (MN)
Pomeroy
Price (NC)
Rahall
Rangel
Reyes
Ross
Rothman
Roybal-Allard
Ruppersberger
Rush
Ryan (OH)
Sabo
Salazar
Sanchez, Linda T.
Sanchez, Loretta
Sanders
Schakowsky
Schiff
Schwartz (PA)
Scott (VA)
Serrano
Sherman
Skelton
Slaughter
Smith (WA)
Snyder
Solis
Spratt
Stark
Strickland
Stupak
Tanner
Tauscher
Taylor (MS)
Thompson (CA)
Thompson (MS)
Tierney
Towns
Udall (CO)
Udall (NM)
Van Hollen
Velazquez
Visclosky
Wasserman Schultz
Waters
Watson
Watt
Waxman
Weiner
Wexler
Woolsey
Wu
Wynn
NOT VOTING--10
Baca
Evans
Fattah
Hastings (FL)
Millender-McDonald
Moore (WI)
Osborne
Ros-Lehtinen
Scott (GA)
Shuster
{time} 1419
Mr. COOPER and Mr. RANGEL changed their vote from ``yea'' to ``nay.''
So the previous question was ordered.
The result of the vote was announced as above recorded.
Stated against:
Ms. ESHOO. Mr. Speaker, on rollcall No. 102, I inadvertently cast a
``yea'' vote when I intended to cast a ``nay'' vote.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Rehberg). The question is on the
resolution.
The question was taken; and the Speaker pro tempore announced that
the ayes appeared to have it.
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. Speaker, on that I demand the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were--yeas 227,
nays 198, not voting 7, as follows:
[Roll No. 103]
YEAS--227
Aderholt
Akin
Alexander
Bachus
Baker
Barrett (SC)
Bartlett (MD)
Barton (TX)
Bass
Beauprez
Biggert
Bilirakis
Bishop (UT)
Blackburn
Blunt
Boehlert
Boehner
Bonilla
Bonner
Boozman
Boustany
Bradley (NH)
Brady (TX)
Brown (SC)
Brown-Waite, Ginny
Burgess
Burton (IN)
Buyer
Calvert
Camp (MI)
Campbell (CA)
Cannon
Cantor
Capito
Carter
Castle
Chabot
Chocola
Coble
Cole (OK)
Conaway
Crenshaw
Cubin
Culberson
Davis (KY)
Davis, Jo Ann
Davis, Tom
Deal (GA)
DeLay
Dent
Diaz-Balart, L.
Diaz-Balart, M.
Doolittle
Drake
Dreier
Duncan
Ehlers
Emerson
English (PA)
Everett
Feeney
Ferguson
Fitzpatrick (PA)
Flake
Foley
Forbes
Fortenberry
Fossella
Foxx
Franks (AZ)
Frelinghuysen
Gallegly
Garrett (NJ)
Gerlach
Gibbons
Gilchrest
Gillmor
Gingrey
Gohmert
Goode
Goodlatte
Granger
Graves
Green (WI)
Gutknecht
Hall
Harris
Hart
Hastings (WA)
Hayes
Hayworth
Hefley
Hensarling
Herger
Hobson
Hoekstra
Hostettler
Hulshof
Hunter
Hyde
Inglis (SC)
Issa
Istook
Jenkins
Jindal
Johnson (CT)
Johnson (IL)
Johnson, Sam
Jones (NC)
Keller
Kelly
Kennedy (MN)
King (IA)
King (NY)
Kingston
Kirk
Kline
Knollenberg
Kolbe
Kuhl (NY)
LaHood
Latham
LaTourette
Leach
Lewis (CA)
Lewis (KY)
Linder
LoBiondo
Lucas
Lungren, Daniel E.
Mack
Manzullo
Marchant
McCaul (TX)
McCotter
McCrery
McHenry
McHugh
McKeon
McMorris
Mica
Miller (FL)
Miller (MI)
Miller, Gary
Moran (KS)
Murphy
Musgrave
Myrick
Neugebauer
Ney
Northup
Norwood
Nunes
Nussle
Otter
Oxley
Paul
Pearce
Pence
Peterson (PA)
Petri
Pickering
Pitts
Platts
Poe
Pombo
Porter
Price (GA)
Pryce (OH)
Putnam
Radanovich
Ramstad
Regula
Rehberg
Reichert
Renzi
Reynolds
Rogers (AL)
Rogers (KY)
Rogers (MI)
Rohrabacher
Royce
Ryan (WI)
Ryun (KS)
Saxton
Schmidt
Schwarz (MI)
Sensenbrenner
Sessions
Shadegg
Shaw
Shays
Sherwood
Shimkus
Shuster
Simmons
Simpson
Smith (NJ)
Smith (TX)
Sodrel
Souder
Stearns
Sullivan
Sweeney
Tancredo
Taylor (NC)
Terry
Thomas
Thornberry
Tiahrt
Tiberi
Turner
Upton
Walden (OR)
Walsh
Wamp
Weldon (FL)
Weldon (PA)
Weller
Westmoreland
Whitfield
Wicker
Wilson (NM)
Wilson (SC)
Wolf
Young (AK)
Young (FL)
NAYS--198
Abercrombie
Ackerman
Allen
Andrews
Baca
Baird
Baldwin
Barrow
Bean
Becerra
Berkley
Berman
Berry
Bishop (GA)
Bishop (NY)
Blumenauer
Boren
Boswell
Boucher
Boyd
Brady (PA)
Brown (OH)
Brown, Corrine
Butterfield
Capps
Capuano
Cardin
Cardoza
Carnahan
Carson
Case
Chandler
Clay
Cleaver
Clyburn
Conyers
Cooper
Costa
Costello
Cramer
Crowley
Cuellar
Cummings
Davis (AL)
Davis (CA)
Davis (FL)
Davis (IL)
Davis (TN)
DeFazio
DeGette
Delahunt
DeLauro
Dicks
Dingell
Doggett
Doyle
Edwards
Emanuel
Engel
Eshoo
Etheridge
Farr
Fattah
Filner
Ford
Frank (MA)
Gonzalez
Gordon
Green, Al
Green, Gene
Grijalva
Gutierrez
Harman
Herseth
Higgins
Hinchey
Hinojosa
Holden
Holt
Honda
Hooley
Hoyer
Inslee
Israel
Jackson (IL)
Jackson-Lee (TX)
Jefferson
Johnson, E. B.
Jones (OH)
Kanjorski
Kaptur
Kennedy (RI)
Kildee
Kilpatrick (MI)
Kind
Kucinich
Langevin
Lantos
Larsen (WA)
Larson (CT)
Lee
Levin
Lewis (GA)
Lipinski
Lofgren, Zoe
Lowey
Lynch
Maloney
Markey
Marshall
Matheson
Matsui
McCarthy
McCollum (MN)
McDermott
McGovern
McIntyre
McKinney
McNulty
Meehan
Meek (FL)
Meeks (NY)
Melancon
Michaud
Miller (NC)
Miller, George
Mollohan
Moore (KS)
Moran (VA)
Murtha
Nadler
Napolitano
Neal (MA)
Oberstar
Obey
Olver
Ortiz
Owens
Pallone
Pascrell
Pastor
Payne
Pelosi
Peterson (MN)
Pomeroy
Price (NC)
Rahall
Rangel
Reyes
Ross
Rothman
Roybal-Allard
Ruppersberger
Rush
Ryan (OH)
Sabo
Salazar
Sanchez, Linda T.
Sanchez, Loretta
Sanders
Schakowsky
Schiff
Schwartz (PA)
Scott (GA)
Scott (VA)
Serrano
Sherman
Skelton
Slaughter
Smith (WA)
Snyder
Solis
Spratt
Stark
Strickland
Stupak
Tanner
Tauscher
Taylor (MS)
Thompson (CA)
Thompson (MS)
Tierney
Towns
Udall (CO)
Udall (NM)
Van Hollen
Velazquez
Visclosky
Wasserman Schultz
Waters
Watson
Watt
Waxman
Weiner
Wexler
Woolsey
Wu
Wynn
NOT VOTING--7
Bono
Evans
Hastings (FL)
Millender-McDonald
Moore (WI)
Osborne
Ros-Lehtinen
{time} 1432
Ms. WATERS changed her vote from ``yea'' to ``nay.''
[[Page H1785]]
So the resolution was agreed to.
The result of the vote was announced as above recorded.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.
____________________