[Congressional Record Volume 151, Number 88 (Tuesday, June 28, 2005)]
[Senate]
[Pages S7530-S7538]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

      By Mr. FRIST (for himself, Mr. Bingaman, Mr. Dodd, Mrs. Clinton, 
        Ms. Collins, Mr. Alexander, Mr. Lugar, Ms. Murkowski, and Mr. 
        Stevens):
  S. 1325. A bill to establish grants to provide health services for 
improved nutrition, increased physical activity, obesity and eating 
disorder prevention, and for other purposes; to the Committee on 
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
  Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, obesity ranks among the most serious health 
problems facing America today.
  Since 1970, the percentage of overweight children between 6 and 19 
has quadrupled. Today, nearly one out of three children is overweight 
and about one in six is obese.
  Obese children develop type II diabetes at an alarming rate and they 
can begin puberty as early as age seven. Over 70 percent of obese 
children become overweight or obese adults. And, obesity in adults can 
have catastrophic effects--including heart disease, cancer, and stroke 
at very high rates. The medical profession knows this.
  In the last several weeks, the American Medical Association has 
issued new guidelines for fighting obesity. And earlier this week, a 
group of economists reported that nearly 12 percent of all health care 
spending stems from obesity.
  Obesity threatens our health, it threatens our future. And 
successfully addressing it requires action.
  Dealing with it requires national leadership and community level 
commitment.
  Through continued public education campaigns, we have reduced youth 
smoking. And I'm convinced we can do the same with obesity. That's why 
I'm reintroducing two bills to confront the challenge.
  The first is called the Childhood Obesity Reduction Act: it will give 
the obesity crisis the attention it deserves. I am grateful to my 
colleague Senator Wyden for his work in cosponsoring it.
  The bill has two major components: first, it will establish a bi-
partisan Congressional Council on Childhood Obesity which will evaluate 
plans to fight this health problem and give awards to ``Congressional 
Challenge Winners.''
  Second, it will establish a private, non-profit foundation to fight 
obesity around the country.
  The second bill, the Improved Nutrition and Physical Activity Act of 
2005, or IMPACT, will provide the resources we need to fight obesity 
everywhere in the country.
  This bill, which Senators Bingaman, Dodd, and Clinton have joined me 
in sponsoring, commits us to three policies: first, we'll train more 
health professionals in the problems associated with being overweight 
and ways that they can help Americans fight obesity.
  Second, we will mobilize America's community organizations to fight 
this problem. Through education, outreach, and intervention, schools, 
non-profits, and churches will get the resource they need to fight 
obesity. We will also give States more flexibility to use existing 
grant programs to fight obesity.
  Finally, we will redouble our efforts to collect information about 
obesity's extent, consequences, costs, and the ways we can deal with 
them.
  Obesity stems from a combination of behavior, environment, and 
genetics. We cannot and should not expect any single Federal effort to 
end it. Much of the work in fighting obesity will depend on families 
and communities.
  And both the Childhood Obesity Reduction Act and IMPACT 2005 bill 
will give this crisis the attention . . . and the resources . . . it 
deserves.
  I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bills be printed in the 
Record.
  There being no objection, the bills were ordered to be printed in the 
Record, as follows:

                                S. 1324

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Childhood Obesity Reduction 
     Act''.

     SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

       Congress makes the following findings:
       (1) According to the Centers for Disease Control and 
     Prevention, obesity may soon overtake tobacco as the leading 
     preventable cause of death.
       (2) In 1999, 13 percent of children aged 6 to 11 years and 
     14 percent of adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in the United 
     States were overweight. This prevalence has nearly tripled 
     for adolescents in the past 2 decades.
       (3) Risk factors for heart disease, such as high 
     cholesterol and high blood pressure, occur with increased 
     frequency in overweight children and adolescents compared to 
     children with a healthy weight.
       (4) Type 2 diabetes, previously considered an adult 
     disease, has increased dramatically in children and 
     adolescents. Overweight and obesity are closely linked to 
     type 2 diabetes.
       (5) Obesity in children and adolescents is generally caused 
     by a lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, or 
     a combination of the 2, with genetics and lifestyle both 
     playing important roles in determining a child's weight.
       (6) Overweight adolescents have a 70 percent chance of 
     becoming overweight or obese adults.
       (7) The 2001 report ``The Surgeon General's Call to Action 
     to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity'' suggested 
     that obesity and its complications were already costing the 
     United States $117,000,000,000 annually.
       (8) Substantial evidence shows that public health risks can 
     be reduced through increased public awareness and community 
     involvement.
       (9) Congress needs to challenge students, teachers, school 
     administrators, and local communities to voluntarily 
     participate in the development and implementation of 
     activities to successfully reduce and prevent childhood 
     obesity.

          TITLE I--CONGRESSIONAL COUNCIL ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY

     SEC. 101. CONGRESSIONAL COUNCIL ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY.

       (a) Establishment of Council.--There is established a 
     ``Congressional Council on Childhood Obesity'' (referred to 
     in this title as the ``Council'').
       (b) Purposes.--The purposes of the Council shall be--
       (1) to encourage every elementary school and middle school 
     in the United States, whether public or private, to develop 
     and implement a plan to reduce and prevent obesity, promote 
     improved nutritional choices, and promote increased physical 
     activity among students; and
       (2) to provide information as necessary to secondary 
     schools.

     SEC. 102. MEMBERSHIP OF THE COUNCIL.

       (a) Composition of the Council.--The Council shall be 
     composed of 8 members as follows:
       (1) The majority leader of the Senate or the designee of 
     the majority leader of the Senate.
       (2) The minority leader of the Senate or the designee of 
     the minority leader of the Senate.
       (3) The Speaker of the House of Representatives or the 
     designee of the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
       (4) The minority leader of the House of Representatives or 
     the designee of the minority leader of the House of 
     Representatives.
       (5) 4 citizen members to be appointed in accordance with 
     subsection (b).
       (b) Appointment of Citizen Council Members.--
       (1) Method of appointment.--For the purpose of subsection 
     (a)(5), each of the 4 members described in paragraphs (1) 
     through (4) of subsection (a) shall appoint to the Council a 
     citizen who is an expert on children's health, nutrition, or 
     physical activity.
       (2) Date of appointment.--The appointments made under 
     paragraph (1) shall be made not later than 120 days after the 
     date of enactment of this Act.
       (c) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Council shall not affect 
     its powers, but shall be filled in the manner in which the 
     original appointment was made under subsection (a).
       (d) Chairperson.--The members of the Council shall elect, 
     from among the members of the Council, a Chairperson.
       (e) Initial Meeting.--The Council shall hold its first 
     meeting not later than 120 days after the date of enactment 
     of this Act.

     SEC. 103. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE COUNCIL.

       (a) In General.--The Council shall engage in the following 
     activities:
       (1) Work with outside experts to develop the Congressional 
     Challenge to Reduce and prevent Childhood Obesity, which 
     shall include the development of model plans to reduce and 
     prevent childhood obesity that can be adopted or adapted by 
     elementary schools or middle schools that participate.
       (2) Develop and maintain a website that is updated not less 
     than once a month on best practices in the United States for 
     reducing and preventing childhood obesity.
       (3) Assist in helping elementary schools and middle schools 
     in establishing goals for the healthy reduction and 
     prevention of childhood obesity.
       (4) Consult and coordinate with the President's Council on 
     Physical Fitness and other Federal Government initiatives 
     conducting activities to reduce and prevent childhood 
     obesity.

[[Page S7532]]

       (5) Reward elementary schools, middle schools, and local 
     educational agencies promoting innovative, successful 
     strategies in reducing and preventing childhood obesity.
       (6) Provide information to secondary schools.
       (b) Congressional Challenge Winners.--
       (1) In general.--The Council shall--
       (A) evaluate plans submitted by elementary schools, middle 
     schools, and local educational agencies under paragraph (2);
       (B) designate the plans submitted under paragraph (2) that 
     meet the criteria under paragraph (3) as Congressional 
     Challenge winners; and
       (C) post the plans of the Congressional Challenge winners 
     designated under subparagraph (B) on the website of the 
     Council as model plans for reducing and preventing childhood 
     obesity.
       (2) Submission of plans.--Each elementary school, middle 
     school, or local educational agency that desires to have the 
     plan to reduce and prevent childhood obesity of such entity 
     designated as a Congressional Challenge winner shall submit 
     to the Council such plan at such time, in such manner, and 
     accompanied by such information as the Council may reasonably 
     require.
       (3) Selection criteria.--
       (A) In general.--The Council shall evaluate plans submitted 
     by elementary schools, middle schools, and local educational 
     agencies under paragraph (2) and shall designate as 
     Congressional Challenge winners the plans that--
       (i) show promise in successfully increasing physical 
     activity, improving nutrition, and reducing and preventing 
     obesity; or
       (ii) have maintained efforts in assisting children in 
     increasing physical activity, improving nutrition, and 
     reducing and preventing obesity.
       (B) Criteria.--The Council shall make the determination 
     under subparagraph (A) based on the following criteria:
       (i) Strategies based on evaluated interventions.
       (ii) The number of children in the community in need of 
     assistance in addressing obesity and the potential impact of 
     the proposed plan.
       (iii) The involvement in the plan of the community served 
     by the school or local educational agency.
       (iv) Other criteria as determined by the Council.
       (c) Meetings.--The Council shall hold not less than 1 
     meeting each year, and all meetings of the Council shall be 
     public meetings, preceded by a publication of notice in the 
     Federal Register.

     SEC. 104. ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS.

       (a) Pay and Travel Expenses.--
       (1) Prohibition of pay.--Members of the Council shall 
     receive no pay, allowances, or benefits by reason of their 
     service on the Council.
       (2) Travel expenses.--
       (A) Compensation for travel.--Each member of the Council 
     shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu 
     of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies 
     under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States 
     Code, while away from their homes or regular places of 
     business in the performance of services for the Council, to 
     the extent funds are available under subparagraph (B) for 
     such expenses.
       (B) Limit on travel expenses.--Travel expenses under 
     subparagraph (A) shall be appropriated from the amounts 
     appropriated to the legislative branch and shall not exceed 
     $1,000,000.
       (b) Staff.--The Chairperson of the Council may appoint and 
     terminate, as may be necessary to enable the Council to 
     perform its duties, not more than 5 staff personnel, all of 
     whom shall be considered employees of the Senate.

     SEC. 105. TERMINATION OF COUNCIL.

       The Council shall terminate on September 30 of the second 
     full fiscal year following the date of enactment of this Act.

     SEC. 106. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this 
     title $2,200,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 and 2007.

   TITLE II--NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR THE PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF 
                           CHILDHOOD OBESITY

     SEC. 201. ESTABLISHMENT AND DUTIES OF FOUNDATION.

       (a) In General.--There shall be established in accordance 
     with this section a nonprofit private corporation to be known 
     as the National Foundation for the Prevention and Reduction 
     of Childhood Obesity (referred to in this title as the 
     ``Foundation''). The Foundation shall not be an agency or 
     instrumentality of the Federal Government, and officers, 
     employees, and members of the board of the Foundation shall 
     not be officers or employees of the Federal Government.
       (b) Purpose of Foundation.--The purpose of the Foundation 
     shall be to support and carry out activities for the 
     prevention and reduction of childhood obesity through school-
     based activities.
       (c) Endowment Fund.--
       (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (b), the 
     Foundation shall establish a fund for providing endowments 
     for positions that are associated with the Congressional 
     Council on Childhood Obesity and the Department of Health and 
     Human Services (referred to in this title as the 
     ``Department'') and dedicated to the purpose described in 
     such subsection. Subject to subsection (g)(1)(B), the fund 
     shall consist of such donations as may be provided by non-
     Federal entities and such non-Federal assets of the 
     Foundation (including earnings of the Foundation and the 
     fund) as the Foundation may elect to transfer to the fund.
       (2) Authorized expenditures of fund.--The provision of 
     endowments under paragraph (1) shall be the exclusive 
     function of the fund established under such paragraph. Such 
     endowments may be expended only for the compensation of 
     individuals holding the positions, for staff, equipment, 
     quarters, travel, and other expenditures that are appropriate 
     in supporting the positions, and for recruiting individuals 
     to hold the positions endowed by the fund.
       (d) Certain Activities of Foundation.--In carrying out 
     subsection (b), the Foundation may provide for the following 
     with respect to the purpose described in such subsection:
       (1) Evaluate and make known the effectiveness of model 
     plans used by schools to reduce and prevent childhood 
     obesity.
       (2) Create a website to assist in the distribution of 
     successful plans, best practices, and other information to 
     assist elementary schools, middle schools, and the public to 
     develop and implement efforts to reduce and prevent childhood 
     obesity.
       (3) Participate in meetings, conferences, courses, and 
     training workshops.
       (4) Assist in the distribution of data concerning childhood 
     obesity.
       (5) Make Challenge awards, pursuant to subsection (e), to 
     elementary schools, middle schools, and local educational 
     agencies for the successful development and implementation of 
     school-based plans.
       (6) Other activities to carry out the purpose described in 
     subsection (b).
       (e) Challenge Awards.--
       (1) Program authorized.--The Foundation may provide 
     Challenge awards to elementary schools, middle schools, and 
     local educational agencies that submit applications under 
     paragraph (2).
       (2) Application.--Each elementary school, middle school, or 
     local educational agency that desires to receive a Challenge 
     award under this subsection shall submit an application that 
     includes a plan to reduce and prevent childhood obesity to 
     the Foundation at such time, in such manner, and accompanied 
     by such additional information as the Foundation may 
     reasonably require.
       (3) Selection criteria.--In the program authorized under 
     paragraph (1), the Foundation shall provide Challenge awards 
     based on--
       (A) the success of the plans of the elementary schools, 
     middle schools, and local educational agencies in meeting the 
     plans' stated goals;
       (B) the number of children in the community served by the 
     elementary school, middle school, or local educational agency 
     who are in need of assistance in addressing obesity; and
       (C) other criteria as determined by the Foundation.
       (f) General Structure of Foundation; Nonprofit Status.--
       (1) Board of directors.--The Foundation shall have a board 
     of directors (referred to in this title as the ``Board''), 
     which shall be established and conducted in accordance with 
     subsection (g). The Board shall establish the general 
     policies of the Foundation for carrying out subsection (b), 
     including the establishment of the bylaws of the Foundation.
       (2) Executive director.--The Foundation shall have an 
     executive director (referred to in this title as the 
     ``Director''), who shall be appointed by the Board, who shall 
     serve at the pleasure of the Board, and for whom the Board 
     shall establish the rate of compensation. Subject to 
     compliance with the policies and bylaws established by the 
     Board pursuant to paragraph (1), the Director shall be 
     responsible for the daily operations of the Foundation in 
     carrying out subsection (b).
       (3) Nonprofit status.--In carrying out subsection (b), the 
     Board shall establish such policies and bylaws under 
     paragraph (1), and the Director shall carry out such 
     activities under paragraph (2), as may be necessary to ensure 
     that the Foundation maintains status as an organization 
     that--
       (A) is described in subsection (c)(3) of section 501 of the 
     Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and
       (B) is, under subsection (a) of such section, exempt from 
     taxation.
       (g) Board of Directors.--
       (1) Certain bylaws.--
       (A) Inclusions.--In establishing bylaws under subsection 
     (f)(1), the Board shall ensure that the bylaws of the 
     Foundation include bylaws for the following:
       (i) Policies for the selection of the officers, employees, 
     agents, and contractors of the Foundation.
       (ii) Policies, including ethical standards, for the 
     acceptance and disposition of donations to the Foundation and 
     for the disposition of the assets of the Foundation.
       (iii) Policies for the conduct of the general operations of 
     the Foundation.
       (iv) Policies for writing, editing, printing, and 
     publishing of books and other materials, and the acquisition 
     of patents and licenses for devices and procedures developed 
     by the Foundation.
       (B) Exclusions.--In establishing bylaws under subsection 
     (f)(1), the Board shall ensure that the bylaws of the 
     Foundation (and activities carried out under the bylaws) do 
     not--
       (i) reflect unfavorably upon the ability of the Foundation, 
     or the Department, to carry out its responsibilities or 
     official duties in a fair and objective manner; or

[[Page S7533]]

       (ii) compromise, or appear to compromise, the integrity of 
     any governmental program or any officer or employee involved 
     in such program.
       (2) Composition.--
       (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the Board 
     shall be composed of 7 individuals, appointed in accordance 
     with paragraph (4), who collectively possess education or 
     experience appropriate for representing the fields of 
     children's health, nutrition, and physical fitness or 
     organizations active in reducing and preventing childhood 
     obesity. Each such individual shall be a voting member of the 
     Board.
       (B) Greater number.--The Board may, through amendments to 
     the bylaws of the Foundation, provide that the number of 
     members of the Board shall be a greater number than the 
     number specified in subparagraph (A).
       (3) Chairperson.--The Board shall, from among the members 
     of the Board, designate an individual to serve as the 
     Chairperson of the Board (referred to in this subsection as 
     the ``Chairperson'').
       (4) Appointments, vacancies, and terms.--Subject to 
     subsection (k) (regarding the initial membership of the 
     Board), the following shall apply to the Board:
       (A) Any vacancy in the membership of the Board shall be 
     filled by appointment by the Board, after consideration of 
     suggestions made by the Chairperson and the Director 
     regarding the appointments. Any such vacancy shall be filled 
     not later than the expiration of the 180-day period beginning 
     on the date on which the vacancy occurs.
       (B) The term of office of each member of the Board 
     appointed under subparagraph (A) shall be 5 years. A member 
     of the Board may continue to serve after the expiration of 
     the term of the member until the expiration of the 180-day 
     period beginning on the date on which the term of the member 
     expires.
       (C) A vacancy in the membership of the Board shall not 
     affect the power of the Board to carry out the duties of the 
     Board. If a member of the Board does not serve the full term 
     applicable under subparagraph (B), the individual appointed 
     to fill the resulting vacancy shall be appointed for the 
     remainder of the term of the predecessor of the individual.
       (5) Compensation.--Members of the Board may not receive 
     compensation for service on the Board. The members may be 
     reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary 
     expenses incurred in carrying out the duties of the Board.
       (h) Certain Responsibilities of Executive Director.--In 
     carrying out subsection (f)(2), the Director shall carry out 
     the following functions:
       (1) Hire, promote, compensate, and discharge officers and 
     employees of the Foundation, and define the duties of the 
     officers and employees.
       (2) Accept and administer donations to the Foundation, and 
     administer the assets of the Foundation.
       (3) Establish a process for the selection of candidates for 
     holding endowed positions under subsection (c).
       (4) Enter into such financial agreements as are appropriate 
     in carrying out the activities of the Foundation.
       (5) Take such action as may be necessary to acquire patents 
     and licenses for devices and procedures developed by the 
     Foundation and the employees of the Foundation.
       (6) Adopt, alter, and use a corporate seal, which shall be 
     judicially noticed.
       (7) Commence and respond to judicial proceedings in the 
     name of the Foundation.
       (8) Other functions that are appropriate in the 
     determination of the Director.
       (i) General Provisions.--
       (1) Authority for accepting funds.--The Secretary of Health 
     and Human Services (referred to in this title as the 
     ``Secretary'') may accept and utilize, on behalf of the 
     Federal Government, any gift, donation, bequest, or devise of 
     real or personal property from the Foundation for the purpose 
     of aiding or facilitating the work of the Department. Funds 
     may be accepted and utilized by the Secretary under the 
     preceding sentence without regard to whether the funds are 
     designated as general-purpose funds or special-purpose funds.
       (2) Authority for acceptance of voluntary services.--
       (A) In general.--The Secretary may accept, on behalf of the 
     Federal Government, any voluntary services provided to the 
     Department by the Foundation for the purpose of aiding or 
     facilitating the work of the Department. In the case of an 
     individual, the Secretary may accept the services provided 
     under the preceding sentence by the individual for not more 
     than 2 years.
       (B) Non-federal government employees.--The limitation 
     established in subparagraph (A) regarding the period of time 
     in which services may be accepted applies to each individual 
     who is not an employee of the Federal Government and who 
     serves in association with the Department pursuant to 
     financial support from the Foundation.
       (3) Administrative control.--No officer, employee, or 
     member of the Board may exercise any administrative or 
     managerial control over any Federal employee.
       (4) Applicability of certain standards to non-federal 
     employees.--In the case of any individual who is not an 
     employee of the Federal Government and who serves in 
     association with the Department pursuant to financial support 
     from the Foundation, the Foundation shall negotiate a 
     memorandum of understanding with the individual and the 
     Secretary specifying that the individual--
       (A) shall be subject to the ethical and procedural 
     standards regulating Federal employment, scientific 
     investigation, and research findings (including publications 
     and patents) that are required of individuals employed by the 
     Department, including standards under this Act, the Ethics in 
     Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.), and the Federal 
     Technology Transfer Act of 1986 (Public Law 9909502; 100 
     Stat. 1785); and
       (B) shall be subject to such ethical and procedural 
     standards under chapter 11 of title 18, United States Code 
     (relating to conflicts of interest), as the Secretary 
     determines is appropriate, except such memorandum may not 
     provide that the individual shall be subject to the standards 
     of section 209 of such chapter.
       (5) Financial conflicts of interest.--Any individual who is 
     an officer, employee, or member of the Board may not directly 
     or indirectly participate in the consideration or 
     determination by the Foundation of any question affecting--
       (A) any direct or indirect financial interest of the 
     individual; or
       (B) any direct or indirect financial interest of any 
     business organization or other entity of which the individual 
     is an officer or employee or in which the individual has a 
     direct or indirect financial interest.
       (6) Audits; availability of records.--The Foundation 
     shall--
       (A) provide for biennial audits of the financial condition 
     of the Foundation; and
       (B) make such audits, and all other records, documents, and 
     other papers of the Foundation, available to the Secretary 
     and the Comptroller General of the United States for 
     examination or audit.
       (7) Reports.--
       (A) In general.--Not later than February 1 of each fiscal 
     year, the Foundation shall publish a report describing the 
     activities of the Foundation during the preceding fiscal 
     year. Each such report shall include for the fiscal year 
     involved a comprehensive statement of the operations, 
     activities, financial condition, and accomplishments of the 
     Foundation.
       (B) Inclusions.--With respect to the financial condition of 
     the Foundation, each report under subparagraph (A) shall 
     include the source, and a description, of all gifts to the 
     Foundation of real or personal property, and the source and 
     amount of all gifts to the Foundation of money. Each such 
     report shall include a specification of any restrictions on 
     the purposes for which gifts to the Foundation may be used.
       (C) Public inspection.--The Foundation shall make copies of 
     each report submitted under subparagraph (A) available for 
     public inspection, and shall upon request provide a copy of 
     the report to any individual for a charge not exceeding the 
     cost of providing the copy.
       (8) Liaisons.--The Secretary shall appoint liaisons to the 
     Foundation from relevant Federal agencies, including the 
     Office of the Surgeon General and the Centers for Disease 
     Control and Prevention. The Secretary of Agriculture shall 
     designate liaisons to the Foundation as appropriate.
       (9) Inclusion of the president's council.--The Foundation 
     shall ensure that the President's Council on Physical Fitness 
     is included in the activities of the Foundation.
       (j) Federal Funding.--
       (1) Authority for annual grants.--
       (A) In general.--The Secretary shall--
       (i) for fiscal year 2006, make a grant to an entity 
     described in subsection (k)(9) (relating to the establishment 
     of a committee to establish the Foundation);
       (ii) for fiscal years 2007 and 2008, make a grant to the 
     committee established under such subsection, or if the 
     Foundation has been established, to the Foundation; and
       (iii) for fiscal year 2009 and each subsequent fiscal year, 
     make a grant to the Foundation.
       (B) Rules on expenditures.--A grant under subparagraph (A) 
     may be expended--
       (i) in the case of an entity receiving the grant under 
     subparagraph (A)(i), only for the purpose of carrying out the 
     duties established in subsection (k)(9) for the entity;
       (ii) in the case of the committee established under 
     subsection (k)(9), only for the purpose of carrying out the 
     duties established in subsection (k) for the committee; and
       (iii) in the case of the Foundation, only for the purpose 
     of the administrative expenses of the Foundation.
       (C) Restriction.--A grant under subparagraph (A) may not be 
     expended to provide amounts for the fund established under 
     subsection (c).
       (D) Unobligated grant funds.--For the purposes described in 
     subparagraph (B)--
       (i) any portion of the grant made under subparagraph (A)(i) 
     for fiscal year 2006 that remains unobligated after the 
     entity receiving the grant completes the duties established 
     in subsection (k)(9) for the entity shall be available to the 
     committee established under such subsection; and
       (ii) any portion of a grant under subparagraph (A) made for 
     fiscal year 2006 or 2007 that remains unobligated after such 
     committee completes the duties established in such subsection 
     for the committee shall be available to the Foundation.
       (2) Funding for grants.--
       (A) In general.--For the purpose of grants under paragraph 
     (1), there is authorized to be appropriated $2,200,000 for 
     each fiscal year.
       (B) Programs of the department.--For the purpose of grants 
     under paragraph (1),

[[Page S7534]]

     the Secretary may for each fiscal year make available not 
     more than $2,200,000 from the amounts appropriated for the 
     fiscal year for the programs of the Department. Such amounts 
     may be made available without regard to whether amounts have 
     been appropriated under subparagraph (A).
       (3) Certain restriction.--If the Foundation receives 
     Federal funds for the purpose of serving as a fiscal 
     intermediary between Federal agencies, the Foundation may not 
     receive such funds for the indirect costs of carrying out 
     such purpose in an amount exceeding 10 percent of the direct 
     costs of carrying out such purpose. The preceding sentence 
     may not be construed as authorizing the expenditure of any 
     grant under paragraph (1) for such purpose.
       (k) Committee for Establishment of Foundation.--
       (1) In general.--There shall be established, in accordance 
     with this subsection and subsection (j)(1), a committee to 
     carry out the functions described in paragraph (2) (referred 
     to in this subsection as the ``Committee'').
       (2) Functions.--The functions referred to in paragraph (1) 
     for the Committee are as follows:
       (A) To carry out such activities as may be necessary to 
     incorporate the Foundation under the laws of the State 
     involved, including serving as incorporators for the 
     Foundation. Such activities shall include ensuring that the 
     articles of incorporation for the Foundation require that the 
     Foundation be established and operated in accordance with the 
     applicable provisions of this title (or any successor to this 
     title), including such provisions as may be in effect 
     pursuant to amendments enacted after the date of enactment of 
     this Act.
       (B) To ensure that the Foundation qualifies for and 
     maintains the status described in subsection (f)(3) 
     (regarding taxation).
       (C) To establish the general policies and initial bylaws of 
     the Foundation, which bylaws shall include the bylaws 
     described in subsections (f)(3) and (g)(1).
       (D) To provide for the initial operation of the Foundation, 
     including providing for quarters, equipment, and staff.
       (E) To appoint the initial members of the Board in 
     accordance with the requirements established in subsection 
     (g)(2)(A) for the composition of the Board, and in accordance 
     with such other qualifications as the Committee may determine 
     to be appropriate regarding such composition. Of the members 
     so appointed--
       (i) 2 shall be appointed to serve for a term of 3 years;
       (ii) 2 shall be appointed to serve for a term of 4 years; 
     and
       (iii) 3 shall be appointed to serve for a term of 5 years.
       (3) Completion of functions of committee; initial meeting 
     of board.--
       (A) Completion of functions.--The Committee shall complete 
     the functions required in paragraph (1) not later than 
     September 30, 2008. The Committee shall terminate upon the 
     expiration of the 30-day period beginning on the date on 
     which the Secretary determines that the functions have been 
     completed.
       (B) Initial meeting.--The initial meeting of the Board 
     shall be held not later than November 1, 2008.
       (4) Composition.--The Committee shall be composed of 5 
     members, each of whom shall be a voting member. Of the 
     members of the Committee--
       (A) no fewer than 2 of the members shall have expertise in 
     children's health, nutrition, and physical activity; and
       (B) no fewer than 2 of the members shall have broad, 
     general experience in nonprofit private organizations 
     (without regard to whether the individuals have experience in 
     children's health, nutrition, and physical activity).
       (5) Chairperson.--The Committee shall, from among the 
     members of the Committee, designate an individual to serve as 
     the Chairperson of the Committee.
       (6) Terms; vacancies.--The term of members of the Committee 
     shall be for the duration of the Committee. A vacancy in the 
     membership of the Committee shall not affect the power of the 
     Committee to carry out the duties of the Committee. If a 
     member of the Committee does not serve the full term, the 
     individual appointed by the Secretary to fill the resulting 
     vacancy shall be appointed for the remainder of the term of 
     the predecessor of the individual.
       (7) Compensation.--Members of the Committee may not receive 
     compensation for service on the Committee. Members of the 
     Committee may be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and 
     other necessary expenses incurred in carrying out the duties 
     of the Committee.
       (8) Committee support.--The Secretary may, from amounts 
     available to the Secretary for the general administration of 
     the Department, provide staff and financial support to assist 
     the Committee with carrying out the functions described in 
     paragraph (2). In providing such staff and support, the 
     Director may both detail employees and contract for 
     assistance.
       (9) Grant for establishment of committee.--
       (A) In general.--With respect to a grant under paragraph 
     (1)(A)(i) of subsection (j) for fiscal year 2006, an entity 
     described in this paragraph is a private nonprofit entity 
     with significant experience in children's health, nutrition, 
     and physical activity. Not later than 180 days after the date 
     of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall make the grant 
     to such an entity (subject to the availability of funds under 
     paragraph (2) of such subsection).
       (B) Conditions.--The grant referred to in subparagraph (A) 
     may be made to an entity only if the entity agrees that--
       (i) the entity will establish a committee that is composed 
     in accordance with paragraph (4); and
       (ii) the entity will not select an individual for 
     membership on the Committee unless the individual agrees that 
     the Committee will operate in accordance with each of the 
     provisions of this subsection that relate to the operation of 
     the Committee.
       (C) Agreement.--The Secretary may make a grant referred to 
     in subparagraph (A) only if the applicant for the grant makes 
     an agreement that the grant will not be expended for any 
     purpose other than carrying out subparagraph (B). Such a 
     grant may be made only if an application for the grant is 
     submitted to the Secretary containing such agreement, and the 
     application is in such form, is made in such manner, and 
     contains such other agreements and such assurances and 
     information as the Secretary determines to be necessary to 
     carry out this paragraph.

                                S. 1325

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Improved Nutrition and 
     Physical Activity Act'' or the ``IMPACT Act''.

     SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

       Congress makes the following findings:
       (1) In July 2004, the Secretary of Health and Human Service 
     recognized ``obesity is a critical public health problem in 
     our country'' and under the medicare program language was 
     removed from the coverage manual stating that obesity is not 
     an illness.
       (2) The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 
     for 2002 found that an estimated 65 percent of adults are 
     overweight and 31 percent of adults are obese and 16 percent 
     of children and adolescents in the United States are 
     overweight or obese.
       (3) The Institute of Medicine reported in ``Preventing 
     Childhood Obesity'' (2004) that approximately 60 percent of 
     obese children between 5 and 10 years of age have at least 
     one cardiovascular disease risk factor and 25 percent have 
     two or more such risk factors.
       (4) The Institute of Medicine reports that the prevalence 
     of overweight and obesity is increasing among all age groups. 
     There is twice the number of overweight children between 2 
     and 5 years of age and adolescents between 12 and 19 years of 
     age, and 3 times the number of children between 6 and 11 
     years of age as there were 30 years ago.
       (5) According to the 2004 Institute of Medicine report, 
     obesity-associated annual hospital costs for children and 
     youth more than tripled over 2 decades, rising from 
     $35,000,000 in the period 1979 through 1981 to $127,000,000 
     in the period 1997 through 1999.
       (6) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports 
     have estimated that as many as 365,000 deaths a year are 
     associated with being overweight or obese. Overweight and 
     obesity are associated with an increased risk for heart 
     disease (the leading cause of death), cancer (the second 
     leading cause of death), diabetes (the 6th leading cause of 
     death), and musculoskeletal disorders.
       (7) According to the National Institute of Diabetes and 
     Digestive and Kidney Diseases, individuals who are obese have 
     a 50 to 100 percent increased risk of premature death.
       (8) The Healthy People 2010 goals identify overweight and 
     obesity as one of the Nation's leading health problems and 
     include objectives for increasing the proportion of adults 
     who are at a healthy weight, reducing the proportion of 
     adults who are obese, and reducing the proportion of children 
     and adolescents who are overweight or obese.
       (9) Another goal of Healthy People 2010 is to eliminate 
     health disparities among different segments of the 
     population. Obesity is a health problem that 
     disproportionally impacts medically underserved populations.
       (10) The 2005 Surgeon General's report ``The Year of the 
     Healthy Child'' lists the treatment and prevention of obesity 
     as a national priority.
       (11) The Institute of Medicine report ``Preventing 
     Childhood Obesity'' (2004) finds that ``childhood obesity is 
     a serious nationwide health problem requiring urgent 
     attention and a population-based prevention approach . . .''.
       (12) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
     estimates the annual expenditures related to overweight and 
     obesity in adults in the United States to be $264,000,000,000 
     (exceeding the cost of tobacco-related illnesses) and appears 
     to be rising dramatically. This cost can potentially escalate 
     markedly as obesity rates continue to rise and the medical 
     complications of obesity are emerging at even younger ages. 
     Therefore, the total disease burden will most likely 
     increase, as well as the attendant health-related costs.
       (13) Weight control programs should promote a healthy 
     lifestyle including regular physical activity and healthy 
     eating, as consistently discussed and identified in a variety 
     of public and private consensus documents, including the 2001 
     U.S. Surgeon General's report ``A Call To Action'' and other 
     documents prepared by the Department of Health and Human 
     Services and other agencies.

[[Page S7535]]

       (14) The Institute of Medicine reports that poor eating 
     habits are a risk factor for the development of eating 
     disorders and obesity. In 2002, more than 35,000,000 
     Americans experienced limited access to nutritious food on a 
     regular basis. The availability of high-calorie, low nutrient 
     foods have increased in low-income neighborhoods due to many 
     factors.
       (15) Effective interventions for promoting healthy eating 
     behaviors should promote healthy lifestyle and not 
     inadvertently promote unhealthy weight management techniques.
       (16) The National Institutes of Health reports that eating 
     disorders are commonly associated with substantial 
     psychological problems, including depression, substance 
     abuse, and suicide.
       (17) The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and 
     Associated Disorders estimates there are 8,000,000 Americans 
     experience eating disorders. Eating disorders of all types 
     are more common in women than men
       (18) The health risks of Binge Eating Disorder are those 
     associated with obesity and include heart disease, gall 
     bladder disease, and diabetes.
       (19) According to the National Institute of Mental Health, 
     Binge Eating Disorder is characterized by frequent episodes 
     of uncontrolled overeating, with an estimated 2 to 5 percent 
     of Americans experiencing this disorder in a 6-month period.
       (20) Additionally, the National Institute of Mental Health 
     reports that Anorexia Nervosa, an eating disorder from which 
     0.5 to 3.7 percent of American women will suffer in their 
     lifetime, is associated with serious health consequences 
     including heart failure, kidney failure, osteoporosis, and 
     death. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, 
     Anorexia Nervosa has one of the highest mortality rates of 
     all psychiatric disorders, placing a young woman with 
     Anorexia Nervosa at 12 times the risk of death of other women 
     her age.
       (21) In 2001, the National Institute of Mental Health 
     reported that 1.1 to 4.2 percent of American women will 
     suffer from Bulimia Nervosa in their lifetime. Bulimia 
     Nervosa is an eating disorder that is associated with 
     cardiac, gastrointestinal, and dental problems, including 
     irregular heartbeats, gastric ruptures, peptic ulcers, and 
     tooth decay.
       (22) On the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 6 percent of 
     high school students reported recent use of laxatives or 
     vomiting to control their weight.

                        TITLE I--TRAINING GRANTS

     SEC. 101. GRANTS TO PROVIDE TRAINING FOR HEALTH PROFESSION 
                   STUDENTS.

       Section 747(c)(3) of the Public Health Service Act (42 
     U.S.C. 293k(c)(3)) is amended by striking ``and victims of 
     domestic violence'' and inserting ``victims of domestic 
     violence, individuals (including children) who are overweight 
     or obese (as such terms are defined in section 399W(j)) and 
     at risk for related serious and chronic medical conditions, 
     and individuals who suffer from eating disorders''.

     SEC. 102. GRANTS TO PROVIDE TRAINING FOR HEALTH 
                   PROFESSIONALS.

       Section 399Z of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
     280h-93) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``2005'' and inserting 
     ``2007'';
       (2) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c); and
       (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
       ``(b) Grants.--
       ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may award grants to 
     eligible entities to train primary care physicians and other 
     licensed or certified health professionals on how to 
     identify, treat, and prevent obesity or eating disorders and 
     aid individuals who are overweight, obese, or who suffer from 
     eating disorders.
       ``(2) Application.--An entity that desires a grant under 
     this subsection shall submit an application at such time, in 
     such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary 
     may require, including a plan for the use of funds that may 
     be awarded and an evaluation of the training that will be 
     provided.
       ``(3) Use of funds.--An entity that receives a grant under 
     this subsection shall use the funds made available through 
     such grant to--
       ``(A) use evidence-based findings or recommendations that 
     pertain to the prevention and treatment of obesity, being 
     overweight, and eating disorders to conduct educational 
     conferences, including Internet-based courses and 
     teleconferences, on--
       ``(i) how to treat or prevent obesity, being overweight, 
     and eating disorders;
       ``(ii) the link between obesity, being overweight, eating 
     disorders and related serious and chronic medical conditions;
       ``(iii) how to discuss varied strategies with patients from 
     at-risk and diverse populations to promote positive behavior 
     change and healthy lifestyles to avoid obesity, being 
     overweight, and eating disorders;
       ``(iv) how to identify overweight, obese, individuals with 
     eating disorders, and those who are at risk for obesity and 
     being overweight or suffer from eating disorders and, 
     therefore, at risk for related serious and chronic medical 
     conditions;
       ``(v) how to conduct a comprehensive assessment of 
     individual and familial health risk factors; and
       ``(B) evaluate the effectiveness of the training provided 
     by such entity in increasing knowledge and changing attitudes 
     and behaviors of trainees.
       ``(4) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
     authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection, 
     $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2006, and such sums as may be 
     necessary for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2010.''.

  TITLE II--COMMUNITY-BASED SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, 
        IMPROVE NUTRITION, AND PROMOTE HEALTHY EATING BEHAVIORS

     SEC. 201. GRANTS TO INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, IMPROVE 
                   NUTRITION, AND PROMOTE HEALTHY EATING 
                   BEHAVIORS.

       Part Q of title III of the Public Health Service Act (42 
     U.S.C. 280h et seq.) is amended by striking section 399W and 
     inserting the following:

     ``SEC. 399W. GRANTS TO INCREASE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, IMPROVE 
                   NUTRITION, AND PROMOTE HEALTHY EATING 
                   BEHAVIORS.

       ``(a) Establishment.--
       ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the 
     Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
     and in coordination with the Administrator of the Health 
     Resources and Services Administration, the Director of the 
     Indian Health Service, the Secretary of Education, the 
     Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of the Interior, the 
     Director of the National Institutes of Health, the Director 
     of the Office of Women's Health, and the heads of other 
     appropriate agencies, shall award competitive grants to 
     eligible entities to plan and implement programs that promote 
     healthy eating behaviors and physical activity to prevent 
     eating disorders, obesity, being overweight, and related 
     serious and chronic medical conditions. Such grants may be 
     awarded to target at-risk populations including youth, 
     adolescent girls, health disparity populations (as defined in 
     section 485E(d)), and the underserved.
       ``(2) Term.--The Secretary shall award grants under this 
     subsection for a period not to exceed 4 years.
       ``(b) Award of Grants.--An eligible entity desiring a grant 
     under this section shall submit an application to the 
     Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
     information as the Secretary may require, including--
       ``(1) a plan describing a comprehensive program of 
     approaches to encourage healthy eating behaviors and healthy 
     levels of physical activity;
       ``(2) the manner in which the eligible entity will 
     coordinate with appropriate State and local authorities, 
     including--
       ``(A) State and local educational agencies;
       ``(B) departments of health;
       ``(C) chronic disease directors;
       ``(D) State directors of programs under section 17 of the 
     Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786);
       ``(E) governors' councils for physical activity and good 
     nutrition;
       ``(F) State and local parks and recreation departments; and
       ``(G) State and local departments of transportation and 
     city planning; and
       ``(3) the manner in which the applicant will evaluate the 
     effectiveness of the program carried out under this section.
       ``(c) Coordination.--In awarding grants under this section, 
     the Secretary shall ensure that the proposed programs are 
     coordinated in substance and format with programs currently 
     funded through other Federal agencies and operating within 
     the community including the Physical Education Program (PEP) 
     of the Department of Education.
       ``(d) Eligible Entity.--In this section, the term `eligible 
     entity' means--
       ``(1) a city, county, tribe, territory, or State;
       ``(2) a State educational agency;
       ``(3) a tribal educational agency;
       ``(4) a local educational agency;
       ``(5) a federally qualified health center (as defined in 
     section 1861(aa)(4) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
     1395x(aa)(4));
       ``(6) a rural health clinic;
       ``(7) a health department;
       ``(8) an Indian Health Service hospital or clinic;
       ``(9) an Indian tribal health facility;
       ``(10) an urban Indian facility;
       ``(11) any health provider;
       ``(12) an accredited university or college;
       ``(13) a community-based organization;
       ``(14) a local city planning agency; or
       ``(15) any other entity determined appropriate by the 
     Secretary.
       ``(e) Use of Funds.--An eligible entity that receives a 
     grant under this section shall use the funds made available 
     through the grant to--
       ``(1) carry out community-based activities including--
       ``(A) city planning, transportation initiatives, and 
     environmental changes that help promote physical activity, 
     such as increasing the use of walking or bicycling as a mode 
     of transportation;
       ``(B) forming partnerships and activities with businesses 
     and other entities to increase physical activity levels and 
     promote healthy eating behaviors at the workplace and while 
     traveling to and from the workplace;
       ``(C) forming partnerships with entities, including 
     schools, faith-based entities, and other facilities providing 
     recreational services, to establish programs that use their 
     facilities for after school and weekend community activities;

[[Page S7536]]

       ``(D) establishing incentives for retail food stores, 
     farmer's markets, food co-ops, grocery stores, and other 
     retail food outlets that offer nutritious foods to encourage 
     such stores and outlets to locate in economically depressed 
     areas;
       ``(E) forming partnerships with senior centers, nursing 
     facilities, retirement communities, and assisted living 
     facilities to establish programs for older people to foster 
     physical activity and healthy eating behaviors;
       ``(F) forming partnerships with daycare facilities to 
     establish programs that promote healthy eating behaviors and 
     physical activity; and
       ``(G) developing and evaluating community educational 
     activities targeting good nutrition and promoting healthy 
     eating behaviors;
       ``(2) carry out age-appropriate school-based activities 
     including--
       ``(A) developing and testing educational curricula and 
     intervention programs designed to promote healthy eating 
     behaviors and habits in youth, which may include--
       ``(i) after hours physical activity programs;
       ``(ii) increasing opportunities for students to make 
     informed choices regarding healthy eating behaviors; and
       ``(iii) science-based interventions with multiple 
     components to prevent eating disorders including nutritional 
     content, understanding and responding to hunger and satiety, 
     positive body image development, positive self-esteem 
     development, and learning life skills (such as stress 
     management, communication skills, problem-solving and 
     decisionmaking skills), as well as consideration of cultural 
     and developmental issues, and the role of family, school, and 
     community;
       ``(B) providing education and training to educational 
     professionals regarding a healthy lifestyle and a healthy 
     school environment;
       ``(C) planning and implementing a healthy lifestyle 
     curriculum or program with an emphasis on healthy eating 
     behaviors and physical activity; and
       ``(D) planning and implementing healthy lifestyle classes 
     or programs for parents or guardians, with an emphasis on 
     healthy eating behaviors and physical activity;
       ``(3) carry out activities through the local health care 
     delivery systems including--
       ``(A) promoting healthy eating behaviors and physical 
     activity services to treat or prevent eating disorders, being 
     overweight, and obesity;
       ``(B) providing patient education and counseling to 
     increase physical activity and promote healthy eating 
     behaviors; and
       ``(C) providing community education on good nutrition and 
     physical activity to develop a better understanding of the 
     relationship between diet, physical activity, and eating 
     disorders, obesity, or being overweight; or
       ``(4) other activities determined appropriate by the 
     Secretary (including evaluation or identification and 
     dissemination of outcomes and best practices).
       ``(f) Matching Funds.--In awarding grants under subsection 
     (a), the Secretary may give priority to eligible entities who 
     provide matching contributions. Such non-Federal 
     contributions may be cash or in kind, fairly evaluated, 
     including plant, equipment, or services.
       ``(g) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary may set aside an 
     amount not to exceed 10 percent of the total amount 
     appropriated for a fiscal year under subsection (k) to permit 
     the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and 
     Prevention to provide grantees with technical support in the 
     development, implementation, and evaluation of programs under 
     this section and to disseminate information about effective 
     strategies and interventions in preventing and treating 
     obesity and eating disorders through the promotion of healthy 
     eating behaviors and physical activity.
       ``(h) Limitation on Administrative Costs.--An eligible 
     entity awarded a grant under this section may not use more 
     than 10 percent of funds awarded under such grant for 
     administrative expenses.
       ``(i) Report.--Not later than 6 years after the date of 
     enactment of the Improved Nutrition and Physical Activity 
     Act, the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and 
     Prevention shall review the results of the grants awarded 
     under this section and other related research and identify 
     programs that have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting 
     healthy eating behaviors and physical activity in youth. Such 
     review shall include an identification of model curricula, 
     best practices, and lessons learned, as well as 
     recommendations for next steps to reduce overweight, obesity, 
     and eating disorders. Information derived from such review, 
     including model program curricula, shall be disseminated to 
     the public.
       ``(j) Definitions.--In this section:
       ``(1) Anorexia nervosa.--The term `Anorexia Nervosa' means 
     an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and 
     excessive weight loss.
       ``(2) Binge eating disorder.--The term `binge eating 
     disorder' means a disorder characterized by frequent episodes 
     of uncontrolled eating.
       ``(3) Bulimia nervosa.--The term `Bulimia Nervosa' means an 
     eating disorder characterized by excessive food consumption, 
     followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as 
     self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, fasting, or 
     excessive exercise.
       ``(4) Eating disorders.--The term `eating disorders' means 
     disorders of eating, including Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia 
     Nervosa, and binge eating disorder.
       ``(5) Healthy eating behaviors.--The term `healthy eating 
     behaviors' means--
       ``(A) eating in quantities adequate to meet, but not in 
     excess of, daily energy needs;
       ``(B) choosing foods to promote health and prevent disease;
       ``(C) eating comfortably in social environments that 
     promote healthy relationships with family, peers, and 
     community; and
       ``(D) eating in a manner to acknowledge internal signals of 
     hunger and satiety.
       ``(6) Obese.--The term `obese' means an adult with a Body 
     Mass Index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or greater.
       ``(7) Overweight.--The term `overweight' means an adult 
     with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 and a child 
     or adolescent with a BMI at or above the 95th percentile on 
     the revised Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth 
     charts or another appropriate childhood definition, as 
     defined by the Secretary.
       ``(8) Youth.--The term `youth' means individuals not more 
     than 18 years old.
       ``(k) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are 
     authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, 
     $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2006 and such sums as may be 
     necessary for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2010. Of the 
     funds appropriated pursuant to this subsection, the following 
     amounts shall be set aside for activities related to eating 
     disorders:
       ``(1) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
       ``(2) $5,500,000 for fiscal year 2007.
       ``(3) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
       ``(4) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2009.
       ``(5) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2010.''.

     SEC. 202. NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS.

       Section 306 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
     242k) is amended--
       (1) in subsection (m)(4)(B), by striking ``subsection (n)'' 
     each place it appears and inserting ``subsection (o)'';
       (2) by redesignating subsection (n) as subsection (o); and
       (3) by inserting after subsection (m) the following:
       ``(n)(1) The Secretary, acting through the Center, may 
     provide for the--
       ``(A) collection of data for determining the fitness levels 
     and energy expenditure of children and youth; and
       ``(B) analysis of data collected as part of the National 
     Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and other data 
     sources.
       ``(2) In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary, acting 
     through the Center, may make grants to States, public 
     entities, and nonprofit entities.
       ``(3) The Secretary, acting through the Center, may provide 
     technical assistance, standards, and methodologies to 
     grantees supported by this subsection in order to maximize 
     the data quality and comparability with other studies.''.

     SEC. 203. HEALTH DISPARITIES REPORT.

       Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of 
     this Act, and annually thereafter, the Director of the Agency 
     for Healthcare Research and Quality shall review all research 
     that results from the activities carried out under this Act 
     (and the amendments made by this Act) and determine if 
     particular information may be important to the report on 
     health disparities required by section 903(c)(3) of the 
     Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 299a-91(c)(3)).

     SEC. 204. PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES BLOCK GRANT.

       Section 1904(a)(1) of the Public Health Service Act (42 
     U.S.C. 300w-93(a)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the 
     following:
       ``(H) Activities and community education programs designed 
     to address and prevent overweight, obesity, and eating 
     disorders through effective programs to promote healthy 
     eating, and exercise habits and behaviors.''.

     SEC. 205. REPORT ON OBESITY AND EATING DISORDERS RESEARCH.

       (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human 
     Services shall submit to the Committee on Health, Education, 
     Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy 
     and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report on 
     research conducted on causes and health implications 
     (including mental health implications) of being overweight, 
     obesity, and eating disorders.
       (b) Content.--The report described in subsection (a) shall 
     contain--
       (1) descriptions on the status of relevant, current, 
     ongoing research being conducted in the Department of Health 
     and Human Services including research at the National 
     Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and 
     Prevention, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 
     the Health Resources and Services Administration, and other 
     offices and agencies;
       (2) information about what these studies have shown 
     regarding the causes, prevention, and treatment of, being 
     overweight, obesity, and eating disorders; and
       (3) recommendations on further research that is needed, 
     including research among diverse populations, the plan of the 
     Department of Health and Human Services for conducting such 
     research, and how current knowledge can be disseminated.

     SEC. 206. REPORT ON A NATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO CHANGE CHILDREN'S 
                   HEALTH BEHAVIORS AND REDUCE OBESITY.

       Section 399Y of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
     280h-92) is amended--

[[Page S7537]]

       (1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c); and
       (2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
       ``(b) Report.--The Secretary shall evaluate the 
     effectiveness of the campaign described in subsection (a) in 
     changing children's behaviors and reducing obesity and shall 
     report such results to the Committee on Health, Education, 
     Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy 
     and Commerce of the House of Representatives.''.
  Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, across this country, on couches in front of 
televisions and video game consoles, a silent killer called obesity is 
stalking America's youngsters--in epidemic numbers. Today, Senator 
Frist and I are introducing a bipartisan bill, ``The Childhood Obesity 
Reduction Act'', to jump-start a nationwide, community-based campaign 
against this menace and help our children grow up healthy.
  In my home State of Oregon, obesity may well become the number-two 
killer of our citizens--after tobacco, also the number-one killer 
nationally. According to the Oregon Department of Human Services, fully 
22 percent of the adults in Oregon are obese and 60 percent are 
overweight. Even more tragic, and why we are here today, is that U.S. 
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says at least 31 
percent of low income children between two and five years of age in 
Oregon are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight. A lot of those 
overweight kids are going to become overweight and obese adults if we 
just sit on our hands today. Our children are beginning to show signs 
of devastating diseases that will only lead to a life-long illnesses 
and increased health care costs. And no statistic can measure the 
emotional toll that illness takes on a child, their families and others 
who love them.
  The Frist-Wyden legislation, ``The Childhood Obesity Reduction Act'', 
will work to turn the tide against childhood obesity in two ways. 
First, it will give teachers, parents and other community leaders a 
one-stop shop to fight obesity. The Congressional council created by 
this bill will launch a comprehensive website to help everyone from 
Physical Education teachers to scout leaders learn what's working in 
schools and public-private programs. It will also offer information 
about how to connect with those successful programs and how to adapt 
them in their own schools.
  For example, when a teacher wants to see what can be done to help 
kids get 30 minutes of activity, something that studies have shown 
helps to combat childhood obesity, that teacher could go to the website 
and see what others in a similar situation have done. They would be 
able to see there are partners like Nike who are willing to step up to 
the plate and help with programs. But that teacher might also see that 
physical activity is only one part of the solution and they might find 
ways to bring in the nutritional aspect as well through other programs 
that have already proven successful.
  The website will also offer help in establishing goals for cutting 
childhood obesity at that school or in that community--and all these 
plans will have been evaluated by outside experts for their 
effectiveness.
  Second, after two years, the Congressional council turns the work 
over to a brand-new foundation. The foundation will keep the one-stop 
website up and running. But at the same time, they'll be able to raise 
money, and use it to reward programs that work and fund programs that 
are sorely needed where childhood obesity threatens most.
  Here's an example of how the second component of our bill would work: 
say an urban school wants to work on getting kids to choose vegetables 
instead of French fries. When they visit the Web site, they may find a 
successful program about actually growing fresh vegetables--so they 
don't think vegetables just come from a freezer or a can. The 
Foundation will have the wherewithal to do more than just share that 
information--they may be able to provide the seed money, literally, for 
a school garden that will grow fresh produce, and change the way those 
children look at food.
  It is not realistic to think that children won't be in a situation 
where unhealthy choices for foods and snacks are available. The goal 
ought to be to help them know what the healthy choices are, how to 
balance what they eat and drink and to know that they need exercise. 
And the Foundation can keep pursuing those goals for the long term.
  I believe that our bipartisan bill is significant for two reasons. 
First, it emphasizes both sides of the equation--the need for proper 
nutrition and the need for physical activity. Second, it and because it 
will create an immediate, one-stop resource, in the form of a Web site, 
about what we know is working now so that individuals can begin to 
mobilize their communities and help their children. These are also 
important steps in assisting our children to become healthy adults.
  All of us have the same, simple goal here: getting America's children 
healthy. There are a lot of folks competing for our kids' attention in 
this arena. A lot of the competition is pretty attractive: food that's 
not so nutritious but sure tastes good, and video games that don't burn 
any calories but can occupy you for an entire afternoon. It's tough for 
kids to make good choices on their own. That's why it's time to 
mobilize this nation--and particularly this Congress, by way of 
legislation--to beat the epidemic of obesity plaguing our children.
  Mrs. CLINTON. Mr. President, I am proud to reintroduce the Improved 
Nutrition and Physical Activity Act or the IMPACT Act today with my 
colleagues Senators Frist, Bingaman, and Dodd. This legislation would 
take several important steps toward promoting healthy eating and 
physical activity and combating obesity and eating disorders. Eating 
disorders and obesity have become serious and 2 growing public health 
concerns in our country. Childhood obesity has emerged as an important 
issue in the public, as we have seen a significant increase in the 
number of Americans who are overweight or obese. Today, more than 15 
percent of children and adolescents are considered seriously 
overweight. We know that obesity and the lack of exercise are directly 
linked with a broad array of health problems, including heart disease, 
high blood pressure, diabetes, arthritis-related disabilities, 
depression and some cancers.
  In New York State alone, almost 60 percent of adults are overweight 
or obese, while 43 percent of the children in New York City's public 
elementary schools are overweight and a quarter qualify as obese. Obese 
adults incur significantly higher annual medical expenditures than 
those of normal weight adults. The cost now rivals that attributable to 
smoking. I believe that while nutrition education is one part of the 
solution to the obesity problem facing our youth, it is not enough to 
simply say that childhood obesity is caused by eating too much junk 
food. Instead, we must be aware of the complex environmental, genetic, 
and behavioral factors that have influenced the epidemic.
  Included among the factors that affect children's eating habits and 
activity levels are increased hours in front of the TV or computer, 
working parents spending more hours at the office trying to make ends 
meet, deteriorating healthfulness or foods available in schools, 
reduced access to recess and physical education in schools, changes in 
the physical design of neighborhoods and communities, and low self 
esteem. And sadly, as the number of people battling obesity has 
increased, eating disorders have also reached epidemic proportions in 
the United States. It is estimated that between 8 and 10 million people 
experience an eating disorder, with millions of new cases being 
diagnosed each year. Eating disorders do not discriminate--they affect 
men and women or all ages, racial and ethnic backgrounds, socioeconomic 
classes, and religions.
  Eating disorders are linked to a variety of health problems including 
heart failure, kidney failure, osteoporosis, gastric ruptures, and 
death. Eating disorders are also often associated with a variety of 
mental health problems including depression, substance abuse, and 
suicide. The age of onset for these disorders is getting younger and 
younger. According to the Center for Mental Health Services, 90 percent 
of those who have an eating disorder are women between the ages of 12 
and 25.
  Research indicates that 50 percent of females between the ages of 11 
and 13 see themselves as overweight, and by the age of 13, eighty 
percent have attempted to lose weight. We know that the most common 
behavior that will lead to an eating disorder is dieting. In fact, 51 
percent of 9 and 10 year old

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girls report feeling better about themselves when they are on a diet. 
It is estimated that currently as many as 17 percent of high school 
students have been diagnosed with an eating disorder. Our youth today 
are striving to reach an unrealistic body ideal. Fears of falling short 
of this ideal are leading to dire consequences. That is why I am proud 
to co-sponsor of the IMPACT Act.
  This legislation would take several important steps toward promoting 
healthy eating and physical activity to combat obesity and eating 
disorders. This legislation addresses the growing public health 
problems of increasing rates of obesity and eating disorders by: 
training students and health professionals to diagnose, treat and 
prevent obesity, overweight, and eating disorders; funding 
demonstration programs that promote healthy eating behaviors and 
physical activity to prevent eating disorders, obesity and being 
overweight, and related serious and chronic medical conditions; 
directing the Center for Disease Control to collect information 
regarding fitness levels and energy expenditure among children; 
authorizing the Director of the Agency for Healthcare Research and 
Quality to review all research carried out under this act and include 
such information, where it is relevant, in its health disparities 
report; allowing states to use their Preventive Services Block Grant 
money to address and prevent overweight, obesity, and eating disorders; 
mandating a report on obesity and eating disorders research; 
authorizing a report on the effectiveness of a National Public 
Education Campaign on changing children's behaviors and reducing 
obesity.
  Each of these steps is needed to address our country's growing 
problems of obesity and eating disorders. Any comprehensive approach to 
promote healthy lifestyles and prevent disordered eating in our youth 
must be multifaceted. It must include education about nutrition and 
physical activity, and most importantly, it must encourage open 
communication about body image and self esteem. Such an effort will 
require the leadership and resources of healthcare providers, local 
communities, advocacy organizations, parents and families, and schools.
  It is time that we promote and celebrate healthy bodies and healthy 
lifestyles regardless of size, weight indexes, or arbitrary numbers on 
a scale. This is a delicate task and we must make sure not to let an 
unhealthy emphasis on thinness jeopardize the health of our children. I 
look forward to working with all of my Senate colleagues to promote 
healthy lifestyles across the lifespan.

                          ____________________