[Congressional Record Volume 150, Number 134 (Friday, November 19, 2004)]
[Senate]
[Pages S11615-S11617]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
TRAVEL TO THE UNITED KINGDOM, SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO, AND ITALY
Mr. VOINOVICH. Mr. President, earlier this week, I returned from
travel to England, Serbia and Montenegro, and Italy, where I joined
Senator Gordon Smith, Senator Mike DeWine, Senator Chuck Grassley and
Senator Mike Enzi as members of the Senate delegation to the fall
session of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.
We first spent time in London to discuss our bilateral relationship
and issues impacting transatlantic relations. We met with Prime
Minister Tony Blair and his Chief of Staff, Jonathan Powell. We also
visited with Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Jack Straw, as well
as Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Michael Ancram and
Shadow Secretary for International Development Alan Duncan.
I was glad to have the opportunity to meet with the Atlantic
Partnership. The Atlantic Partnership is a network of experts from both
Europe and the United States who are willing to use their influence to
further European-American relations. The Atlantic Partnership's role is
to argue for setting major policy decisions in the context of their
impact on transatlantic relations, within the context of strengthening
the transatlantic relationship.
Fresh off the heels of the elections in the United States, British
officials and representatives of nongovernmental organizations were
interested in discussing the election results and the President's
relationship with the United Kingdom and the European Union. Some
expressed concern about the state of these relationships, and they also
discussed some of the unhappiness in Great Britain with the war in
Iraq. They stressed the need to work in greater cooperation, and
indicated that the United States and Europe should look for areas where
we share a common cause to tackle issues of concern, such as the
promotion of democracy and peace in the Middle East, consolidating
gains in Afghanistan, and peace and security and a viable self-
government in Iraq.
With the rapidly declining health of Palestinian leader Yasser
Arafat, we also spent a great deal of time discussing the Middle East
peace process and prospects for moving forward with a settlement
between Israelis and Palestinians. There was general consensus that it
is important to make progress in the Middle East in order to help
stabilize the region. In my view, success in Iraq is critical to this
process.
Our time in London underscored the critical work that our diplomatic
corps is doing as we move forward with efforts to promote stability and
security in Iraq and Afghanistan, and as we continue to fight the
global war on terror. We must continue to place a great deal of
emphasis on efforts to strengthen our transatlantic relationships.
Several British officials made it clear that the country must extend
the olive branch and put a new face on diplomacy.
Great Britain is, and will continue to be, a vital ally in the war
against terror, and the United States must continue to maintain strong
relations with the country. An important aspect of this relationship is
a strong representative of the United States Government in London. I am
hopeful that the President will soon appoint a new U.S. ambassador to
the United Kingdom, who will be a strong advocate for U.S. policy and
help convey to the British people the important work that their country
is doing as a key ally in Iraq, Afghanistan and other parts of the
world.
I now have a better understanding of the United States' perception in
the world and our need to continue to engage with our European allies
in our diplomatic process. As the Scottish poet Robert Burns wrote,
``Oh, that God would give us the very smallest of gifts, to be able to
see ourselves as others see us.''
Following our time in London, we traveled to Kosovo and Serbia and
Montenegro. We stopped in Pristina, where we were greeted by Phil
Goldberg, who is Chief of Mission of the U.S. Office in Pristina. We
were also welcomed by Brigadier General Tod Carmony of Ohio, who serves
as the Commander of Task Force Falcon, the American contingent of one
of four brigades in the NATO Kosovo mission. I was glad to have the
chance to spend time at Camp Bondsteel visiting with the nearly 1,000
members of the Ohio National Guard who are serving as part of KFOR
under General Carmony's command. Their work is critical to the security
in the region. As former Governor of the State of Ohio, I am pleased
that the Department of Defense has so much faith in the Ohio National
Guard that they have put them in charge of the U.S. contingent of the
KFOR mission.
This was my fourth visit to Kosovo since the end of the military
campaign in 1999. I was particularly anxious to assess the situation on
the ground following the violence that erupted on March 17, 2004, which
claimed 20 lives, displaced more than 4,000 people, including Kosovo
Serbs, Ashkalia and others, and resulted in the destruction of more
than 900 homes and 30 churches and monasteries belonging to the Serbian
Orthodox Church--adding to the more than 100 churches that had already
been destroyed during the previous five years.
After the violence broke out, I was on the phone with the State
Department, particularly Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
Marc Grossman, demanding that the United States step up its efforts to
stabilize the region. During the last several years, I have continued
to call on U.S. officials and members of the international community to
enhance efforts in Kosovo. As the events in mid-March demonstrated,
significant challenges remain. The death and destruction that took
place was a tragic and urgent reminder of the work that remains to be
done.
Following the violence in March, I urged the United States and
members of the international community to redouble efforts to provide a
stable and secure environment for all people in Kosovo, and I called
for the resignation of the head of the U.N. Interim Administration
Mission in Kosovo, UNMIK,
[[Page S11616]]
Harri Holkeri. We now have a new team in place. Soren Jessen-Petersen
replaced Mr. Holkeri as the Head of UNMIK and the Special
Representative of the U.N. Secretary General, SRSG, and U.S. Ambassador
Larry Rossin serves as his deputy.
It has been my conclusion that things have not gone well in Kosovo
because members of the international community, including the United
States, the United Nations, the European Union, and others, have not
made it a high priority to stabilize the long-term situation. This has
influenced the performance of UNMIK and KFOR.
As the events in March demonstrated, we must do a better job ensuring
that KFOR has troops with the necessary training, equipment and
authority to carry out its mission. For instance, at present, only 33
of the 55 units in Kosovo are trained to provide crowd and riot
control, the most likely type of violence to occur. Of those 33 units,
only 22 have the necessary equipment to use their crowd and riot
control capabilities. This must be fixed.
It is also important that NATO work to remove national caveats or
restrictions, which determine how soldiers from certain countries are
able to respond in times of crisis. Brigadier General Carmony assured
me that efforts are being made to remove these caveats. I have
requested information on this matter, which I will continue to follow-
up on in my capacity as a member of the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee.
Later in the week, after we arrived in Venice for the NATO
Parliamentary Assembly meeting, I also raised the removal of caveats
with Ambassador Nick Burns, who serves as our Permanent Representative
at NATO headquarters in Brussels, and with NATO Secretary General Jaap
de Hoop Schaeffer. It is my understanding that this is not only a
problem in Kosovo, but also in Afghanistan and Iraq. If NATO is
serious, restrictions must be removed and troops given the equipment
they need to provide the needed security.
In addition to making changes within KFOR, I believe it is essential
that UNMIK work with Kosovo's political leaders to ensure that the
necessary steps are taken to secure an environment where respect for
human rights and the rule of law are protected. When I met with UNMIK
representatives, I made it clear that things must improve with regard
to the enforcement of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244. Unless we
do a better job, minorities will continue to leave Kosovo, and the
international community will be a witness as Kosovo moves further away
from becoming the free, multi-ethnic and democratic society that we
hope will become a reality.
This is not an easy process, but we must take a close look at how we
can more effectively move forward in Kosovo. Following the March
violence, U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan asked Norwegian Ambasador
Kai Eide to conduct a comprehensive review of the policies and
practices of all actors in Kosovo and prepare recommendations to move
forward. Ambassador Eide prepared this report, which includes several
points of consideration for UNMIK and members of the international
community.
In his report, Ambassador Eide recommends prosecuting those
responsible for the atrocities in March and completing reconstruction
of homes and churches. He also suggests streamlining the standards
process, and transferring more authority to Kosovars. Further,
Ambassador Eide recommends granting greater control over local areas to
the Serbian minority, and he suggests restructuring UNMIK to ensure
concentration on key priorities. Ambassador Eide also calls on the
European Union to develop an economic development strategy, and he
suggests that the international community open a more comprehensive
dialogue with Belgrade. Finally, Ambassador Eide recommends that NATO
maintain the KFOR presence to ensure a safe and secure environment.
In our meetings, I asked UNMIK officials and Kosovo's political
leaders for their reaction to the Eide report. Generally, the responses
that I received were positive. As we consider ways to move ahead, U.S.
officials and members of the international community should take a
close look at the report prepared by Ambassador Eide and consider
implementing a number of his recommendations.
While in Pristina, we met with leaders from both the Kosovo Albanian
and Kosovo Serb communities. We visited with President Ibrahim Rugova
and Bajram Rexhepi, who served as prime minister until parliamentary
elections were held in late October. It seems increasingly likely Mr.
Rexhepi will lose this position as a new government is formed.
I have met with Mr. Rugova and Mr. Rexhepi on several other
occasions, including a visit to Kosovo in May 2002. At that time, I
reiterated a plea that I made in February 2000, urging Kosovo's leaders
to start a new paradigm of peace and stability for all people in
Kosovo. I continue to believe it is essential that minorities in
Kosovo, including Serbs, Roma, Egyptians, Bosniaks, Croats, Turks,
Ashkalia and others, are able to move about as they wish and live lives
free from fear. As such, though it has been more than five years since
the end of the NATO military campaign, I was very disappointed that
President Rugova did not decry the destruction that took place on March
17th of this year. Until Kosovo's minorities are protected, there
cannot be consideration of final status for Kosovo.
We also had the opportunity to visit with Kosovo Serb leader Oliver
Ivanovic. Part of our conversation focused on the results of the
October parliamentary elections, in which less than one percent of
Kosovo Serbs chose to cast ballots. Mr. Ivanovic attributed the poor
turnout in part to mixed messages from Belgrade, as well as calls for a
boycott from the Serbian Orthodox Church. Many Kosovo Serbs chose to
boycott the elections because they feel their lives have not improved
by participating in the political process. However, I believe it is
crucial that they re-engage, and I encouraged them to get back into the
government, take the two seats promised in cabinet, and work to improve
the situation for Kosovo's minorities.
I also encouraged Kosovo Serbs to work with Kosovo Albanian leaders
and members of the international community to move forward with the
reconstruction of churches and monasteries damaged or destroyed in
March. The Provisional Institutions of Self-Government have committed
4.2 million for this purpose. However, the Serbian Orthodox Church has
withdrawn from the commission charged with the reconstruction of
religious sites.
I believe it is important that the Serbian Orthodox Church work with
political leaders in Kosovo to find a way forward that is acceptable to
all parties to repair and rebuild cultural and religious sites. If this
does not happen, it will seriously undermine efforts to move toward a
lasting, sustainable peace in Kosovo.
In summary, from all of our discussions in Kosovo, as well as our
conversations in Belgrade, it was clear that the question of Kosovo's
final status is on everyone's mind. Kosovo Albanian leaders call for
immediate independence, while Kosovo Serb leaders argue that this is
impossible given the current situation for minorities in the province.
Political leaders in Belgrade maintain that Kosovo remains a part of
Serbia and Montenegro, while varied opinions exist among members of the
international community. Despite different points of view, it is
evident that there is a long road ahead as we look to guarantee
security and stability for all people in Kosovo. Until minorities are
protected, I believe it is very difficult to answer questions about
Kosovo's final status.
Following our time in Kosovo, we traveled to Belgrade, where we met
with U.S. Ambassador Michael Polt, Serbian President Boris Tadic,
Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica, President of Serbia and
Montenegro Svetozar Marovic, Foreign Minister of Serbia and Montenegro
Vuk Draskovic, Serbia and Montenegro's Minister of Defense Prvoslav
Davinic, and Serbia and Montenegro's Minister for Human and Minority
Rights Rasim Ljajic.
We had good conversations regarding positive developments in Serbia
and Montenegro that have taken place during the more than four years
since Serbian voters went to the polls and removed Slobodan Milosevic
from power in October 2000. Since that time, there has been
considerable progress. We have worked with the Paris Club to negotiate
favorable terms on debt relief
[[Page S11617]]
for Serbia and Montenegro. The United States has extended normal trade
relations (NTR), and we have continued to cultivate relations between
Washington and Belgrade.
Additionally, along with my colleagues, I was thrilled to see Boris
Tadic's clear victory on June 27, 2004 to serve as the next President
of Serbia. The significance of this development cannot be overstated.
Voters in Serbia embraced democratic reform and European integration
and rejected nationalism that has for too long marred the past. It
remains my sincere hope that this is a sign of things to come in Serbia
and Montenegro.
However, it is clear that challenges remain. Perhaps highest among
them is cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the
former Yugoslavia (ICTY). We made clear to Prime Minister Kostunica
that he must take a leadership role to ensure that indicted war
criminal Ratko Mladic and others are behind bars at The Hague. This is
essential if Serbia and Montenegro hopes to move toward Europe's
democratic institutions, including the European Union. It is also
critical if Serbia and Montenegro chooses to join NATO's Partnership
for Peace.
I have been urging Vojislav Kostunica to further cooperation with the
War Crimes Tribunal since he became President of Serbia in October
2000, and I continue to call on him to take action on this matter in
his capacity as Serbia's Prime Minister. Thankfully, there are those in
Serbia, including President Tadic, Foreign Minister Draskovic and
others, who understand the importance of ICTY cooperation and are
trying to make the case to the Serbian people. I am hopeful that they
will prevail in the end, and Serbia and Montenegro will move toward
European integration.
On a more positive note, I was glad to hear that economy is slowly
improving. This was underscored by the President of the American
Chamber of Commerce of Serbia and Montenegro. This is important to the
Serbian people, and it will also help to further democratic reforms in
the country.
I was also inspired by the good work of nongovernmental
organizations, such as the German Marshall Fund's Balkan Trust for
Democracy, as well as the charitable work that is being done by Crown
Prince Alexander and Crown Princess Katherine.
During my time in Belgrade, I continued to be encouraged by the
forward thinking of President Boris Tadic and his advisors, who ran on
a platform of democratic reform and European integration. This is the
type of agenda that will help to ensure a stable, secure and prosperous
future for the people of Serbia and Montenegro.
We concluded our travel in Venice, Italy for the fall session of the
NATO Parliamentary Assembly. In my view, this is an important forum
where legislators and parliamentarians from NATO member and partner
countries gather to discuss transatlantic issues. I have regularly
attended these meetings, and I serve as Vice Chairman of the Assembly's
Political Committee.
Our participation in the session was limited to the first two days,
as we had to return to Washington for work in the Senate for the
conclusion of the 108th Congress. However, we had two solid days of
work, including meetings with our Permanent Representative to NATO,
Ambassador Nick Burns, and NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop
Schaeffer. We discussed a number of issues impacting the NATO Alliance,
including NATO's role in Afghanistan and Iraq, the capabilities and
contributions of NATO allies, and the NATO Response Force, among other
things.
In celebration of its 50th anniversary, the NATO Parliamentary
Assembly convened a special plenary session with the North Atlantic
Council. NATO Secretary General de Hoop Schaeffer delivered an
impressive speech, in which he challenged delegates to the meeting to
encourage their respective constituencies to enhance participation in
NATO as the Alliance looks to meet new challenges in Afghanistan, Iraq
and the war against terrorism.
As our meeting demonstrated, the NATO Alliance remains strong. NATO
is playing a critical role in efforts to promote stability and security
in Afghanistan. Many soldiers from our NATO allies are standing
alongside American forces in Iraq, and other NATO members are providing
training for Iraqi security forces. Moreover, NATO remains integral to
peacekeeping missions in the Balkans.
That being said, it is clear that challenges remain as the Alliance
reviews its role in Afghanistan and Iraq and the broader war against
terrorism, and it is important that we remain engaged and active to
help meet these challenges.
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