[Congressional Record Volume 149, Number 173 (Monday, November 24, 2003)]
[Senate]
[Pages S15827-S15837]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]

      By Mr. CORZINE (for himself, Mr. Schumer, Mr. Lautenberg, and Mr. 
        Reed):
  S. 1938. A bill to amend the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources 
Planning Act of 1974 and related laws to strengthen the protection of 
native biodiversity and ban clearcutting on Federal land, and to 
designate certain Federal land as Ancient forests, roadless areas, 
watershed protection areas, and special areas where logging and other 
intrusive activities are prohibited; to the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources.
  Mr. CORZINE. Mr. President, today along with Senators Schumer, 
Lautenberg, and Reed, I am introducing the Act to Save America's 
Forests. This important legislation is designed to protect our national 
forests from needless clearcutting, safeguard our roadless areas, and 
preserve the last remaining stands of Ancient forests in this country.
  There used to be over one billion acres of forest on the land that is 
now

[[Page S15828]]

the United States. Over 95 percent of that original forest has been 
logged, and less than one percent is in a form large enough to support 
all the native plants and animals. This land is under continuous 
threat, and if we don't act now to protect these Ancient forests we 
might lose many of them forever.
  Our national forests also are under attack by clearcutting. Removing 
huge groups of trees at once creates a blighted landscape, destroys 
wildlife habitats, increases soil erosion, and degrades water quality. 
In the last ten years, over a quarter-million acres of our national 
forests were clearcut. Clearcutting destroys a vibrant, ecologically 
diverse natural forest, which is usually replaced, if at all, with a 
single species tree farm: tightly packed rows of the most profitable 
trees. This is forest management focused solely on economics, not 
ecology. And it is not the way to save America's forests.
  This bill is a balanced, scientific approach to forest management. It 
bans all logging operations in roadless areas, Ancient forests, and 
forests that have extraordinary biological, scenic, or recreational 
values. These are our most fragile ecosystems and need to be protected. 
This bill also bans clearcutting in our national forests except in 
specific cases where complete removal of non-native invasive tree 
species is ecologically necessary.
  However, this bill does not ban all logging in our national forests. 
It allows a method of logging called ``selection management,'' which 
cuts individual trees instead of the whole forest, leaving a healthy, 
diverse woodland. Selection management is less harmful to the soil, 
less destructive to wildlife, and less disturbing to people who enjoy 
the scenic beauty of our forests. Selection management can be 
sustainable and profitable, as demonstrated by a number of private 
forests around the country.
  This legislation emphasizes biodiversity and sustainable management, 
allowing ecologically sound logging practices in some of our national 
forestland and fully protecting the rest. That's why over 600 
scientists, including Dr. Jane Goodall and Dr. E.O. Wilson, and the 
Union of Concerned Scientists, support this bill. I am proud to 
introduce this legislation to protect and restore America's public 
forests, and I ask unanimous consent that the text of the bill be 
printed in the Record.
  There being no objection, the bill was ordered to be printed in the 
Record, as follows:

                                S. 1938

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

       (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Act to 
     Save America's Forests''.
       (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act 
     is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings and purposes.

                        TITLE I--LAND MANAGEMENT

Sec. 101. Committee of scientists.
Sec. 102. Continuous forest inventory.
Sec. 103. Administration and management.
Sec. 104. Conforming amendments.

  TITLE II--PROTECTION FOR ANCIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS AREAS, WATERSHED 
                  PROTECTION AREAS, AND SPECIAL AREAS

Sec. 201. Findings.
Sec. 202. Definitions.
Sec. 203. Designation of special areas.
Sec. 204. Restrictions on management activities in Ancient forests, 
              roadless areas, watershed protection areas, and special 
              areas.

                       TITLE III--EFFECTIVE DATE

Sec. 301. Effective date.
Sec. 302. Effect on existing contracts.
Sec. 303. Wilderness act exclusion.

     SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

       (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
       (1) Federal agencies that permit clearcutting and other 
     forms of even-age logging operations include the Forest 
     Service, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the 
     Bureau of Land Management;
       (2) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
     operations cause substantial alterations in native 
     biodiversity by--
       (A) emphasizing the production of a limited number of 
     commercial species, and often only a single species, of trees 
     on each site;
       (B) manipulating the vegetation toward greater relative 
     density of the commercial species;
       (C) suppressing competing species; and
       (D) requiring the planting, on numerous sites, of a 
     commercial strain of the species that reduces the relative 
     diversity of other genetic strains of the species that were 
     traditionally located on the same sites;
       (3) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
     operations--
       (A) frequently lead to the death of immobile species and 
     the very young of mobile species of wildlife; and
       (B) deplete the habitat of deep-forest species of animals, 
     including endangered species and threatened species;
       (4)(A) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
     operations--
       (i) expose the soil to direct sunlight and the impact of 
     precipitation;
       (ii) disrupt the soil surface;
       (iii) compact organic layers; and
       (iv) disrupt the run-off restraining capabilities of roots 
     and low-lying vegetation, resulting in soil erosion, the 
     leaching of nutrients, a reduction in the biological content 
     of soil, and the impoverishment of soil; and
       (B) all of the consequences described in subparagraph (A) 
     have a long-range deleterious effect on all land resources, 
     including timber production;
       (5) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
     operations aggravate global climate change by--
       (A) decreasing the capability of the soil to retain carbon; 
     and
       (B) during the critical periods of felling and site 
     preparation, reducing the capacity of the biomass to process 
     and to store carbon, with a resultant loss of stored carbon 
     to the atmosphere;
       (6) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
     operations render soil increasingly sensitive to acid 
     deposits by causing a decline of soil wood and coarse woody 
     debris;
       (7) a decline of solid wood and coarse woody debris reduces 
     the capacity of soil to retain water and nutrients, which in 
     turn increases soil heat and impairs soil's ability to 
     maintain protective carbon compounds on the soil surface;
       (8) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
     operations result in--
       (A) increased stream sedimentation and the silting of 
     stream bottoms;
       (B) a decline in water quality;
       (C) the impairment of life cycles and spawning processes of 
     aquatic life from benthic organisms to large fish; and
       (D) as a result of the effects described in subparagraphs 
     (A) through (C), a depletion of the sport and commercial 
     fisheries of the United States;
       (9) clearcutting and other forms of even-age management of 
     Federal forests disrupt natural disturbance regimes that are 
     critical to ecosystem function;
       (10) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
     operations increase harmful edge effects, including--
       (A) blowdowns;
       (B) invasions by weed species; and
       (C) heavier losses to predators and competitors;
       (11) by reducing the number of deep, canopied, variegated, 
     permanent forests, clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
     logging operations--
       (A) limit areas where the public can satisfy an expanding 
     need for recreation; and
       (B) decrease the recreational value of land;
       (12) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
     operations replace forests described in paragraph (11) with a 
     surplus of clearings that grow into relatively impenetrable 
     thickets of saplings, and then into monoculture tree 
     plantations;
       (13) because of the harmful and, in many cases, 
     irreversible, damage to forest species and forest ecosystems 
     caused by logging of Ancient and roadless forests, 
     clearcutting, and other forms of even-age management, it is 
     important that these practices be halted based on the 
     precautionary principle;
       (14) human beings depend on native biological resources, 
     including plants, animals, and micro-organisms--
       (A) for food, medicine, shelter, and other important 
     products; and
       (B) as a source of intellectual and scientific knowledge, 
     recreation, and aesthetic pleasure;
       (15) alteration of native biodiversity has serious 
     consequences for human welfare, as the United States 
     irretrievably loses resources for research and agricultural, 
     medicinal, and industrial development;
       (16) alteration of biodiversity in Federal forests 
     adversely affects the functions of ecosystems and critical 
     ecosystem processes that--
       (A) moderate climate;
       (B) govern nutrient cycles and soil conservation and 
     production;
       (C) control pests and diseases; and
       (D) degrade wastes and pollutants;
       (17)(A) clearcutting and other forms of even-age management 
     operations have significant deleterious effects on native 
     biodiversity, by reducing habitat and food for cavity-nesting 
     birds and insectivores such as the 3-toed woodpecker and 
     hairy woodpecker and for neotropical migratory bird species; 
     and
       (B) the reduction in habitat and food supply could disrupt 
     the lines of dependency among species and their food 
     resources and thereby jeopardize critical ecosystem function, 
     including limiting outbreaks of destructive insect 
     populations; for example--
       (i) the 3-toed woodpecker requires clumped snags in spruce-
     fir forests, and 99 percent of its winter diet is composed of 
     insects, primarily spruce beetles; and
       (ii) a 3-toed woodpecker can consume as much as 26 percent 
     of the brood of an endemic population of spruce bark beetle 
     and reduce brood survival of the population by 70 to 79 
     percent;
       (18) the harm of clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
     logging operations on the natural resources of the United 
     States and

[[Page S15829]]

     the quality of life of the people of the United States is 
     substantial, severe, and avoidable;
       (19) by substituting selection management, as required by 
     this Act, for clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
     logging operations, the Federal agencies involved with those 
     logging operations would substantially reduce devastation to 
     the environment and improve the quality of life of the people 
     of the United States;
       (20) selection management--
       (A) retains natural forest structure and function;
       (B) focuses on long-term rather than short-term management;
       (C) works with, rather than against, the checks and 
     balances inherent in natural processes; and
       (D) permits the normal, natural processes in a forest to 
     allow the forest to go through the natural stages of 
     succession to develop a forest with old growth ecological 
     functions;
       (21) by protecting native biodiversity, as required by this 
     Act, Federal agencies would maintain vital native ecosystems 
     and improve the quality of life of the people of the United 
     States;
       (22) selection logging--
       (A) is more job intensive, and therefore provides more 
     employment than clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
     logging operations to manage the same quantity of timber 
     production; and
       (B) produces higher quality sawlogs than clearcutting and 
     other forms of even-age logging operations; and
       (23) the judicial remedies available to enforce Federal 
     forest laws are inadequate, and should be strengthened by 
     providing for injunctions, declaratory judgments, statutory 
     damages, and reasonable costs of suit.
       (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to conserve native 
     biodiversity and protect all native ecosystems on all Federal 
     land against losses that result from--
       (1) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
     operations; and
       (2) logging in Ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed 
     protection areas, and special areas.

                        TITLE I--LAND MANAGEMENT

     SEC. 101. COMMITTEE OF SCIENTISTS.

       Section 6 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources 
     Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1604) is amended by striking 
     subsection (h) and inserting the following:
       ``(h) Committee of Scientists.--
       ``(1) In general.--To carry out subsection (g), the 
     Secretary shall appoint a committee composed of scientists--
       ``(A) who are not officers or employees of the Forest 
     Service, of any other public entity, or of any entity engaged 
     in whole or in part in the production of wood or wood 
     products;
       ``(B) not more than one-third of whom have contracted with 
     or represented any entity described in subparagraph (A) 
     during the 5-year period ending on the date of the proposed 
     appointment to the committee; and
       ``(C) not more than one-third of whom are foresters.
       ``(2) Qualifications of foresters.--A forester appointed to 
     the committee shall be an individual with--
       ``(A) extensive training in conservation biology; and
       ``(B) field experience in selection management.
       ``(3) Duties.--The committee shall provide scientific and 
     technical advice and counsel on proposed guidelines and 
     procedures and all other issues involving forestry and native 
     biodiversity to promote an effective interdisciplinary 
     approach to forestry and native biodiversity.
       ``(4) Termination.--The committee shall terminate on the 
     date that is 10 years after the date of enactment of the Act 
     to Save America's Forests.''

     SEC. 102. CONTINUOUS FOREST INVENTORY.

       (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
     enactment of this Act, each of the Chief of the Forest 
     Service, the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife 
     Service, and the Director of the Bureau of Land Management 
     (referred to individually as an ``agency head'') shall 
     prepare a continuous inventory of forest land administered by 
     those agency heads, respectively.
       (b) Requirements.--A continuous forest inventory shall 
     constitute a long-term monitoring and inventory system that--
       (1) is contiguous throughout affected Federal forest land; 
     and
       (2) is based on a set of permanent plots that are 
     inventoried every 10 years to--
       (A) assess the impacts that human activities are having on 
     management of the ecosystem;
       (B) gauge--
       (i) floristic and faunistic diversity, abundance, and 
     dominance; and
       (ii) economic and social value; and
       (C) monitor changes in the age, structure, and diversity of 
     species of trees and other vegetation.
       (c) Decennial Inventories.--Each decennial inventory under 
     subsection (b)(2) shall be completed not more than 60 days 
     after the date on which the inventory is begun.
       (d) National Academy of Sciences.--In preparing a 
     continuous forest inventory, an agency head may use the 
     services of the National Academy of Sciences to--
       (1) develop a system for the continuous forest inventory by 
     which certain guilds or indicator species are measured; and
       (2) identify any changes to the continuous forest inventory 
     that are necessary to ensure that the continuous forest 
     inventory is consistent with the most accurate scientific 
     methods.
       (e) Whole-System Measures.--At the end of each forest 
     planning period, an agency head shall document whole-system 
     measures that will be taken as a result of a decennial 
     inventory.
       (f) Public Availability.--Results of a continuous forest 
     inventory shall be made available to the public without 
     charge.

     SEC. 103. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT.

       The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act 
     of 1974 is amended by adding after section 6 (16 U.S.C. 1604) 
     the following:

     ``SEC. 6A. CONSERVATION OF NATIVE BIODIVERSITY; SELECTION 
                   LOGGING; PROHIBITION OF CLEARCUTTING.

       ``(a) Applicability.--This section applies to the 
     administration and management of--
       ``(1) National Forest System land, under this Act;
       ``(2) Federal land, under the Federal Land Policy and 
     Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); and
       ``(3) National Wildlife Refuge System land, under the 
     National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 
     (16 U.S.C. 668dd et seq.).
       ``(b) Native Biodiversity in Forested Areas.--The Secretary 
     shall provide for the conservation or restoration of native 
     biodiversity in each stand and each watershed throughout each 
     forested area, except during the extraction stage of 
     authorized mineral development or during authorized 
     construction projects, in which cases the Secretary shall 
     conserve native biodiversity to the maximum extent 
     practicable.
       ``(c) Restriction on Use of Certain Logging Practices.--
       ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
       ``(A) Age diversity.--The term `age diversity' means the 
     naturally occurring range and distribution of age classes 
     within a given species.
       ``(B) Basal area.--The term `basal area' means the area of 
     the cross section of a tree stem, including the bark, at 4.5 
     feet above the ground.
       ``(C) Clearcutting.--The term `clearcutting' means an even-
     age logging operation that removes all of the trees over a 
     considerable portion of a stand at 1 time.
       ``(D) Conservation.--The term `conservation' means 
     protective measures for maintaining native biodiversity and 
     active and passive measures for restoring diversity through 
     management efforts, in order to protect, restore, and enhance 
     as much of the variety of species and communities as 
     practicable in abundances and distributions that provide for 
     their continued existence and normal functioning, including 
     the viability of populations throughout their natural 
     geographic distributions.
       ``(E) Even-age logging operation.--
       ``(i) In general.--The term `even-age logging operation' 
     means a logging activity that--

       ``(I) creates a clearing or opening that exceeds \1/5\ 
     acre;
       ``(II) creates a stand in which the majority of trees are 
     within 10 years of the same age; or
       ``(III) within a period of 30 years, cuts or removes more 
     than the lesser of--

       ``(aa) the growth of the basal area of all tree species 
     (not including a tree of a non-native invasive tree species 
     or an invasive plantation species) in a stand; or
       ``(bb) 20 percent of the basal area of a stand.
       ``(ii) Inclusion.--The term `even-age logging operation' 
     includes the application of clearcutting, high grading, seed-
     tree cutting, shelterwood cutting, or any other logging 
     method in a manner inconsistent with selection management.
       ``(iii) Exclusion.--The term `even-age logging operation' 
     does not include the cutting or removal of--

       ``(I) a tree of a non-native invasive tree species; or
       ``(II) an invasive plantation species, if native longleaf 
     pine are planted in place of the removed invasive plantation 
     species.

       ``(F) Genetic diversity.--The term `genetic diversity' 
     means the differences in genetic composition within and among 
     populations of a species.
       ``(G) High grading.--The term `high grading' means the 
     removal of only the larger or more commercially valuable 
     trees in a stand, resulting in an alteration in the natural 
     range of age diversity or species diversity in the stand.
       ``(H) Invasive plantation species.--The term `invasive 
     plantation species' means a loblolly pine or slash pine that 
     was planted or managed by the Forest Service or any other 
     Federal agency as part of an even-aged monoculture tree 
     plantation.
       ``(I) Native biodiversity.--
       ``(i) In general.--The term `native biodiversity' means--

       ``(I) the full range of variety and variability within and 
     among living organisms; and
       ``(II) the ecological complexes in which the living 
     organisms would have occurred (including naturally occurring 
     disturbance regimes) in the absence of significant human 
     impact.

       ``(ii) Inclusions.--The term `native biodiversity' includes 
     diversity--

       ``(I) within a species (including genetic diversity, 
     species diversity, and age diversity);
       ``(II) within a community of species;
       ``(III) between communities of species;
       ``(IV) within a discrete area, such as a watershed;

[[Page S15830]]

       ``(V) along a vertical plane from ground to sky, including 
     application of the plane to all the other types of diversity; 
     and
       ``(VI) along the horizontal plane of the land surface, 
     including application of the plane to all the other types of 
     diversity.

       ``(J) Non-native invasive tree species.--
       ``(i) In general.--The term `non-native invasive tree 
     species' means a species of tree not native to North America.
       ``(ii) Inclusions.--The term `non-native invasive tree 
     species' includes--

       ``(I) Australian pine (Casaurina equisetifolia);
       ``(II) Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius);
       ``(III) Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica);
       ``(IV) Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus);
       ``(V) Glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula);
       ``(VI) Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia);
       ``(VII) Norway maple (Acer platanoides);
       ``(VIII) Princess tree (Paulownia tomentosa);
       ``(IX) Salt cedar (Tamarix species);
       ``(X) Silk tree (Albizia julibrissin);
       ``(XI) Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum);
       ``(XII) Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima);
       ``(XIII) Velvet tree (Miconia calvescens); and
       ``(XIV) White poplar (Populus alba).

       ``(K) Seed-tree cut.--The term `seed-tree cut' means an 
     even-age logging operation that leaves a small minority of 
     seed trees in a stand for any period of time.
       ``(L) Selection management.--
       ``(i) In general.--The term `selection management' means a 
     method of logging that emphasizes the periodic, individual 
     selection and removal of varying size and age classes of the 
     weaker, nondominant cull trees in a stand and leaves uncut 
     the stronger dominant trees to survive and reproduce, in a 
     manner that works with natural forest processes and--

       ``(I) ensures the maintenance of continuous high forest 
     cover where high forest cover naturally occurs;
       ``(II) ensures the maintenance or natural regeneration of 
     all native species in a stand;
       ``(III) ensures the growth and development of trees through 
     a range of diameter or age classes to provide a sustained 
     yield of forest products including clean water, rich soil, 
     and native plants and wildlife; and
       ``(IV) ensures that some dead trees, standing and downed, 
     shall be left in each stand where selection logging occurs, 
     to fulfill their necessary ecological functions in the forest 
     ecosystem, including providing elemental and organic 
     nutrients to the soil, water retention, and habitat for 
     endemic insect species that provide the primary food source 
     for predators (including various species of amphibians and 
     birds, such as cavity nesting woodpeckers).

       ``(ii) Exclusion.--

       ``(I) In general.--Subject to subclause (II), the term 
     `selection management' does not include an even-age logging 
     operation.
       ``(II) Felling age; native biodiversity.--Subclause (I) 
     does not--

       ``(aa) establish a 150-year projected felling age as the 
     standard at which individual trees in a stand are to be cut; 
     or
       ``(bb) limit native biodiversity to that which occurs 
     within the context of a 150-year projected felling age.
       ``(M) Shelterwood cut.--The term `shelterwood cut' means an 
     even-age logging operation that leaves--
       ``(i) a minority of the stand (larger than a seed-tree cut) 
     as a seed source; or
       ``(ii) a protection cover remaining standing for any period 
     of time.
       ``(N) Species diversity.--The term `species diversity' 
     means the richness and variety of native species in a 
     particular location.
       ``(O) Stand.--The term `stand' means a biological community 
     of trees on land described in subsection (a), comprised of 
     not more than 100 contiguous acres with sufficient identity 
     of 1 or more characteristics (including location, topography, 
     and dominant species) to be managed as a unit.
       ``(P) Timber purpose.--
       ``(i) In general.--The term `timber purpose' means the use, 
     sale, lease, or distribution of trees, including the felling 
     of trees or portions of trees.
       ``(ii) Exception.--The term `timber purpose' does not 
     include the felling of trees or portions of trees to create 
     land space for a Federal administrative structure.
       ``(Q) Within-community diversity.--The term `within-
     community diversity' means the distinctive assemblages of 
     species and ecological processes that occur in various 
     physical settings of the biosphere and distinct locations.
       ``(2) Prohibition of clearcutting and other forms of even-
     age logging operations.--No clearcutting or other form of 
     even-age logging operation shall be permitted in any stand or 
     watershed.
       ``(3) Management of native biodiversity.--On each stand on 
     which an even-age logging operation has been conducted on or 
     before the date of enactment of this section, and on each 
     deforested area managed for timber purposes on or before the 
     date of enactment of this section, excluding areas occupied 
     by existing buildings, the Secretary shall--
       ``(A) prescribe a shift to selection management; or
       ``(B) cease managing the stand for timber purposes, in 
     which case the Secretary shall--
       ``(i) undertake an active restoration of the native 
     biodiversity of the stand; or
       ``(ii) permit the stand to regain native biodiversity.
       ``(4) Enforcement.--
       ``(A) Finding.-- Congress finds that all people of the 
     United States are injured by actions on land to which 
     subsection (g)(3)(B) and this subsection applies.
       ``(B) Purpose.--The purpose of this paragraph is to foster 
     the widest and most effective possible enforcement of 
     subsection (g)(3)(B) and this subsection.
       ``(C) Federal enforcement.--The Secretary of Agriculture, 
     the Secretary of the Interior, and the Attorney General shall 
     enforce subsection (g)(3)(B) and this subsection against any 
     person that violates 1 or more of those provisions.
       ``(D) Citizen suits.--
       ``(i) In general.--A citizen harmed by a violation of 
     subsection (g)(3)(B) or this subsection may bring a civil 
     action in United States district court for a declaratory 
     judgment, a temporary restraining order, an injunction, 
     statutory damages, or other remedy against any alleged 
     violator, including the United States.
       ``(ii) Judicial relief.--If a district court of the United 
     States determines that a violation of subsection (g)(3)(B) or 
     this subsection has occurred, the district court--

       ``(I) shall impose a damage award of not less than $5,000;
       ``(II) may issue 1 or more injunctions or other forms of 
     equitable relief; and
       ``(III) shall award to the plaintiffs reasonable costs of 
     bringing the action, including attorney's fees, witness fees, 
     and other necessary expenses.

       ``(iii) Standard of proof.--The standard of proof in all 
     actions under this subparagraph shall be the preponderance of 
     the evidence.
       ``(iv) Trial.--A trial for any action under this subsection 
     shall be de novo.
       ``(E) Payment of damages.--
       ``(i) Non-federal violator.--A damage award under 
     subparagraph (D)(ii) shall be paid to the Treasury by a non-
     Federal violator or violators designated by the court.
       ``(ii) Federal violator.--

       ``(I) In general.--Not later than 40 days after the date on 
     which judgment is rendered, a damage award under subparagraph 
     (D)(ii) for which the United States is determined to be 
     liable shall be paid from the Treasury, as provided under 
     section 1304 of title 31, United States Code, to the person 
     or persons designated to receive the damage award.
       ``(II) Use of damage award.--A damage award described under 
     subclause (I) shall be used by the recipient to protect or 
     restore native biodiversity on Federal land or on land 
     adjoining Federal land.
       ``(III) Court costs.--Any award of costs of litigation and 
     any award of attorney fees shall be paid by a Federal 
     violator not later than 40 days after the date on which 
     judgment is rendered.

       ``(F) Waiver of sovereign immunity.--
       ``(i) In general.--The United States (including agents and 
     employees of the United States) waives its sovereign immunity 
     in all respects in all actions under subsection (g)(3)(B) and 
     this subsection.
       ``(ii) Notice.--No notice is required to enforce this 
     subsection.''.

     SEC. 104. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

       Section 6(g)(3) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable 
     Resource Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1604(g)(3)) is 
     amended--
       (1) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``and'' after the 
     semicolon at the end;
       (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``; and'' and 
     inserting a period; and
       (3) by striking subparagraph (F).

  TITLE II--PROTECTION FOR ANCIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS AREAS, WATERSHED 
                  PROTECTION AREAS, AND SPECIAL AREAS

     SEC. 201. FINDINGS.

       Congress finds that--
       (1) unfragmented forests on Federal land, unique and 
     valuable assets to the general public, are damaged by 
     extractive logging;
       (2) less than 10 percent of the original unlogged forests 
     of the United States remain, and the vast majority of the 
     remnants of the original forests of the United States are 
     located on Federal land;
       (3) large, unfragmented forest watersheds provide high-
     quality water supplies for drinking, agriculture, industry, 
     and fisheries across the United States;
       (4) the most recent scientific studies indicate that 
     several thousand species of plants and animals are dependent 
     on large, unfragmented forest areas;
       (5) many neotropical migratory songbird species are 
     experiencing documented broad-scale population declines and 
     require large, unfragmented forests to ensure their survival;
       (6) destruction of large-scale natural forests has resulted 
     in a tremendous loss of jobs in the fishing, hunting, 
     tourism, recreation, and guiding industries, and has 
     adversely affected sustainable nontimber forest products 
     industries such as the collection of mushrooms and herbs;
       (7) extractive logging programs on Federal land are carried 
     out at enormous financial costs to the Treasury and taxpayers 
     of the United States;
       (8) Ancient forests continue to be threatened by logging 
     and deforestation and are rapidly disappearing;

[[Page S15831]]

       (9) Ancient forests help regulate atmospheric balance, 
     maintain biodiversity, and provide valuable scientific 
     opportunity for monitoring the health of the planet;
       (10) prohibiting extractive logging in the Ancient forests 
     would create the best conditions for ensuring stable, well 
     distributed, and viable populations of the northern spotted 
     owl, marbled murrelet, American marten, and other 
     vertebrates, invertebrates, vascular plants, and nonvascular 
     plants associated with those forests;
       (11) prohibiting extractive logging in the Ancient forests 
     would create the best conditions for ensuring stable, well 
     distributed, and viable populations of anadromous salmonids, 
     resident salmonids, and bull trout;
       (12) roadless areas are de facto wilderness that provide 
     wildlife habitat and recreation;
       (13) large unfragmented forests, contained in large part on 
     roadless areas on Federal land, are among the last refuges 
     for native animal and plant biodiversity, and are vital to 
     maintaining viable populations of threatened, endangered, 
     sensitive, and rare species;
       (14) roads cause soil erosion, disrupt wildlife migration, 
     and allow nonnative species of plants and animals to invade 
     native forests;
       (15) the mortality and reproduction patterns of forest 
     dwelling animal populations are adversely affected by 
     traffic-related fatalities that accompany roads;
       (16) the exceptional recreational, biological, scientific, 
     or economic assets of certain special forested areas on 
     Federal land are valuable to the public of the United States 
     and are damaged by extractive logging;
       (17) in order to gauge the effectiveness and 
     appropriateness of current and future resource management 
     activities, and to continue to broaden and develop our 
     understanding of silvicultural practices, many special 
     forested areas need to remain in a natural, unmanaged state 
     to serve as scientifically established baseline control 
     forests;
       (18) certain special forested areas provide habitat for the 
     survival and recovery of endangered and threatened plant and 
     wildlife species, such as grizzly bears, spotted owls, 
     Pacific salmon, and Pacific yew, that are harmed by 
     extractive logging;
       (19) many special forested areas on Federal land are 
     considered sacred sites by native peoples; and
       (20) as a legacy for the enjoyment, knowledge, and well-
     being of future generations, provisions must be made for the 
     protection and perpetuation of the Ancient forests, roadless 
     areas, watershed protection areas, and special areas of the 
     United States.

     SEC. 202. DEFINITIONS.

       In this title:
       (1) Ancient forest.--The term ``Ancient forest'' means--
       (A) the northwest Ancient forests, including--
       (i) Federal land identified as late-successional reserves, 
     riparian reserves, and key watersheds under the heading 
     ``Alternative 1'' of the report entitled ``Final Supplemental 
     Environmental Impact Statement on Management of Habitat for 
     Late-Successional and Old-Growth Forest Related Species 
     Within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl, Vol. I.'', and 
     dated February 1994; and
       (ii) Federal land identified by the term ``medium and large 
     conifer multi-storied, canopied forests'' as defined in the 
     report described in clause (i);
       (B) the eastside Cascade Ancient forests, including--
       (i) Federal land identified as ``Late-Succession/Old-growth 
     Forest (LS/OG)'' depicted on maps for the Colville National 
     Forest, Fremont National Forest, Malheur National Forest, 
     Ochoco National Forest, Umatilla National Forest, Wallowa-
     Whitman National Forest, and Winema National Forest in the 
     report entitled ``Interim Protection for Late-Successional 
     Forests, Fisheries, and Watersheds: National Forests East of 
     the Cascade Crest, Oregon, and Washington'', prepared by the 
     Eastside Forests Scientific Society Panel (The Wildlife 
     Society, Technical Review 94-2, August 1994);
       (ii) Federal land east of the Cascade crest in the States 
     of Oregon and Washington, defined as ``late successional and 
     old-growth forests'' in the general definition on page 28 of 
     the report described in clause (i); and
       (iii) Federal land classified as ``Oregon Aquatic Diversity 
     Areas'', as defined in the report described in clause (i); 
     and
       (C) the Sierra Nevada Ancient forests, including--
       (i) Federal land identified as ``Areas of Late-Successional 
     Emphasis (ALSE)'' in the report entitled, ``Final Report to 
     Congress: Status of the Sierra Nevada'', prepared by the 
     Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project (Wildland Resources Center 
     Report #40, University of California, Davis, 1996/97);
       (ii) Federal land identified as ``Late-Succession/Old-
     Growth Forests Rank 3, 4 or 5'' in the report described in 
     clause (i); and
       (iii) Federal land identified as ``Potential Aquatic 
     Diversity Management Areas'' on the map on page 1497 of 
     Volume II of the report described in clause (i).
       (2) Extractive logging.--The term ``extractive logging'' 
     means the felling or removal of any trees from Federal forest 
     land for any purpose.
       (3) Improved road.--The term ``improved road'' means any 
     road maintained for travel by standard passenger type 
     vehicles.
       (4) Roadless area.--The term ``roadless area'' means a 
     contiguous parcel of Federal land that is--
       (A) devoid of improved roads, except as provided in 
     subparagraph (B); and
       (B) composed of--
       (i) at least 1,000 acres west of the 100th meridian (with 
     up to \1/2\ mile of improved roads per 1,000 acres);
       (ii) at least 1,000 acres east of the 100th meridian (with 
     up to \1/2\ mile of improved roads per 1,000 acres); or
       (iii) less than 1,000 acres, but share a border that is not 
     an improved road with a wilderness area, primitive area, or 
     wilderness study area.
       (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'', with respect to any 
     Federal land in an Ancient forest, roadless area, watershed 
     protection area, or special area, means the head of the 
     Federal agency having jurisdiction over the Federal land.
       (6) Special area.--The term ``special area'' means an area 
     of Federal forest land designated under section 3 that may 
     not meet the definition of an Ancient forest, roadless area, 
     or watershed protection area, but that--
       (A) possesses outstanding biological, scenic, recreational, 
     or cultural values; and
       (B) is exemplary on a regional, national, or international 
     level.
       (7) Watershed protection area.--The term ``watershed 
     protection area'' means Federal land that extends--
       (A) 300 feet from both sides of the active stream channel 
     of any permanently flowing stream or river;
       (B) 100 feet from both sides of the active channel of any 
     intermittent, ephemeral, or seasonal stream, or any other 
     nonpermanently flowing drainage feature having a definable 
     channel and evidence of annual scour or deposition of flow-
     related debris;
       (C) 300 feet from the edge of the maximum level of any 
     natural lake or pond; or
       (D) 150 feet from the edge of the maximum level of a 
     constructed lake, pond, or reservoir, or a natural or 
     constructed wetland.

     SEC. 203. DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS.

       (a) In General.--
       (1) Finding.--A special area shall possess at least 1 of 
     the values described in paragraphs (2) through (5).
       (2) Biological values.--The biological values of a special 
     area may include the presence of--
       (A) threatened species or endangered species of plants or 
     animals;
       (B) rare or endangered ecosystems;
       (C) key habitats necessary for the recovery of endangered 
     species or threatened species;
       (D) recovery or restoration areas of rare or 
     underrepresented forest ecosystems;
       (E) migration corridors;
       (F) areas of outstanding biodiversity;
       (G) old growth forests;
       (H) commercial fisheries; and
       (I) sources of clean water such as key watersheds.
       (3) Scenic values.--The scenic values of a special area may 
     include the presence of--
       (A) unusual geological formations;
       (B) designated wild and scenic rivers;
       (C) unique biota; and
       (D) vistas.
       (4) Recreational values.--The recreational values of a 
     special area may include the presence of--
       (A) designated national recreational trails or recreational 
     areas;
       (B) areas that are popular for such recreation and sporting 
     activities as--
       (i) hunting;
       (ii) fishing;
       (iii) camping;
       (iv) hiking;
       (v) aquatic recreation; and
       (vi) winter recreation;
       (C) Federal land in regions that are underserved in terms 
     of recreation;
       (D) land adjacent to designated wilderness areas; and
       (E) solitude.
       (5) Cultural values.--The cultural values of a special area 
     may include the presence of--
       (A) sites with Native American religious significance; and
       (B) historic or prehistoric archaeological sites eligible 
     for listing on the national historic register.
       (b) Size Variation.--A special area may vary in size to 
     encompass the outstanding biological, scenic, recreational, 
     or cultural value or values to be protected.
       (c) Designation of Special Areas.--There are designated the 
     following special areas, which shall be subject to the 
     management restrictions specified in section 204:
       (1) Alabama.--
       (A) Sipsey wilderness headwaters.--Certain land in the 
     Bankhead National Forest, Bankhead Ranger District, in 
     Lawrence County, totaling approximately 22,000 acres, located 
     directly north and upstream of the Sipsey Wilderness, and 
     directly south of Forest Road 213.
       (B) Brushy fork.--Certain land in the Bankhead National 
     Forest, Bankhead Ranger District, in Lawrence County, 
     totaling approximately 6,200 acres, bounded by Forest Roads 
     249, 254, and 246 and Alabama Highway 33.
       (C) Rebecca mountain.--Certain land in the Talladega 
     National Forest, Talladega Ranger District, Talladega County 
     and Clay County, totaling approximately 9,000 acres, 
     comprised of all Talladega National Forest lands south of 
     Forest Roads 621 and 621 B, east of Alabama Highway 48/77 and 
     County

[[Page S15832]]

     Highway 308, and north of the power transmission line.
       (D) Augusta mine ridge.--Certain land in the Talladega 
     National Forest, Shoal Creek Ranger District, Cherokee County 
     and Cleburn County, totaling approximately 6,000 acres, and 
     comprised of all Talladega National Forest land north of the 
     Chief Ladiga Rail Trail.
       (E) Mayfield creek.--Certain land in the Talladega National 
     Forest, Oakmulgee Ranger District, in Rail County, totaling 
     approximately 4,000 acres, and bounded by Forest Roads 731, 
     723, 718, and 718A.
       (F) Bear bay.--Certain land in the Conecuh National Forest, 
     Conecuh District, in Covington County, totaling approximately 
     3,000 acres, bounded by County Road 11, Forest Road 305, 
     County Road 3, and the County Road connecting County Roads 3 
     and 11.
       (2) Alaska.--
       (A) Turnagain arm.--Certain land in the Chugach National 
     Forest, on the Kenai Peninsula, totaling approximately 
     100,000 acres, extending from sea level to ridgetop 
     surrounding the inlet of Turnagain Arm, known as ``Turnagain 
     Arm''.
       (B) Honker divide.--Certain land in the Tongass National 
     Forest, totaling approximately 75,000 acres, located on north 
     central Prince of Wales Island, comprising the Thorne River 
     and Hatchery Creek watersheds, stretching approximately 40 
     miles northwest from the vicinity of the town of Thorne Bay 
     to the vicinity of the town of Coffman Cove, generally known 
     as the ``Honker Divide''.
       (3) Arizona: north rim of the grand canyon.--Certain land 
     in the Kaibab National Forest that is included in the Grand 
     Canyon Game Preserve, totaling approximately 500,000 acres, 
     abutting the northern side of the Grand Canyon in the area 
     generally known as the ``North Rim of the Grand Canyon''.
       (4) Arkansas.--
       (A) Cow creek drainage, arkansas.--Certain land in the 
     Ouachita National Forest, Mena Ranger District, in Polk 
     County, totaling approximately 7,000 acres, known as ``Cow 
     Creek Drainage, Arkansas'', and bounded approximately--
       (i) on the north, by County Road 95;
       (ii) on the south, by County Road 157;
       (iii) on the east, by County Road 48; and
       (iv) on the west, by the Arkansas-Oklahoma border.
       (B) Leader and brush mountains.--Certain land in the 
     Ouachita National Forest, Montgomery County and Polk County, 
     totaling approximately 120,000 acres, known as ``Leader 
     Mountain'' and ``Brush Mountain'', located in the vicinity of 
     the Blaylock Creek Watershed between Long Creek and the South 
     Fork of the Saline River.
       (C) Polk creek area.--Certain land in the Ouachita National 
     Forest, Mena Ranger District, totaling approximately 20,000 
     acres, bounded by Arkansas Highway 4 and Forest Roads 73 and 
     43, known as the ``Polk Creek area''.
       (D) Lower buffalo river watershed.--Certain land in the 
     Ozark National Forest, Sylamore Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 6,000 acres, including Forest Service land that 
     has not been designated as a wilderness area before the date 
     of enactment of this Act, located in the watershed of Big 
     Creek southwest of the Leatherwood Wilderness Area, Searcy 
     County and Marion County, and known as the ``Lower Buffalo 
     River Watershed''.
       (E) Upper buffalo river watershed.--Certain land in the 
     Ozark National Forest, Buffalo Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 220,000 acres, comprised of Forest Service that 
     has not been designated as a wilderness area before the date 
     of enactment of this Act, known as the ``Upper Buffalo River 
     Watershed'', located approximately 35 miles from the town of 
     Harrison, Madison County, Newton County, and Searcy County, 
     upstream of the confluence of the Buffalo River and Richland 
     Creek in the watersheds of--
       (i) the Buffalo River;
       (ii) the various streams comprising the Headwaters of the 
     Buffalo River;
       (iii) Richland Creek;
       (iv) Little Buffalo Headwaters;
       (v) Edgmon Creek;
       (vi) Big Creek; and
       (vii) Cane Creek.
       (5) California: giant sequoia preserve.--Certain land in 
     the Sequoia National Forest and Sierra National Forest, known 
     as the ``Giant Sequoia Preserve'', comprised of 3 
     discontinuous parcels and approximately 442,425 acres, 
     located in Fresno County, Tulare County, and Kern County, in 
     the Southern Sierra Nevada mountain range, including--
       (A) the Kings River Unit (145,600 acres) and nearby Redwood 
     Mountain Unit (11,730 acres), located approximately 25 miles 
     east of the city of Fresno; and
       (B) the South Unit (285,095 acres), located approximately 
     15 miles east of the city of Porterville.
       (6) Colorado: cochetopa hills.--Certain land in the 
     Gunnison Basin area, known as the ``Cochetopa Hills'', 
     administered by the Gunnison National Forest, Grand Mesa 
     National Forest, Uncompahgre National Forest, and Rio Grand 
     National Forest, totaling approximately 500,000 acres, 
     spanning the continental divide south and east of the city of 
     Gunnison, in Saguache County, and including--
       (A) Elk Mountain and West Elk Mountain;
       (B) the Grand Mesa;
       (C) the Uncompahgre Plateau;
       (D) the northern San Juan Mountains;
       (E) the La Garitas Mountains; and
       (F) the Cochetopa Hills.
       (7) Georgia.--
       (A) Armuchee cluster.--Certain land in the Chattahoochee 
     National Forest, Armuchee Ranger District, known as the 
     ``Armuchee Cluster'', totaling approximately 19,700 acres, 
     comprised of 3 parcels known as ``Rocky Face'', ``Johns 
     Mountain'', and ``Hidden Creek'', located approximately 10 
     miles southwest of Dalton and 14 miles north of Rome, in 
     Whitfield County, Walker County, Chattooga County, Floyd 
     County, and Gordon County.
       (B) Blue ridge corridor cluster, georgia areas.--Certain 
     land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, Chestatee Ranger 
     District, totaling approximately 15,000 acres, known as the 
     ``Blue Ridge Corridor Cluster, Georgia Areas'', comprised of 
     5 parcels known as ``Horse Gap'', ``Hogback Mountain'', 
     ``Blackwell Creek'', ``Little Cedar Mountain'', and ``Black 
     Mountain'', located approximately 15 to 20 miles north of the 
     town of Dahlonega, in Union County and Lumpkin County.
       (C) Chattooga watershed cluster, georgia areas.--Certain 
     land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, Tallulah Ranger 
     District, totaling 63,500 acres, known as the ``Chattooga 
     Watershed Cluster, Georgia Areas'', comprised of 7 areas 
     known as ``Rabun Bald'', ``Three Forks'', ``Ellicott Rock 
     Extension'', ``Rock Gorge'', ``Big Shoals'', ``Thrift's 
     Ferry'', and ``Five Falls'', in Rabun County, near the towns 
     of Clayton, Georgia, and Dillard, South Carolina.
       (D) Cohutta cluster.--Certain land in the Chattahoochee 
     National Forest, Cohutta Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 28,000 acres, known as the ``Cohutta Cluster'', 
     comprised of 4 parcels known as ``Cohutta Extensions'', 
     ``Grassy Mountain'', ``Emery Creek'', and ``Mountaintown'', 
     near the towns of Chatsworth and Ellijay, in Murray County, 
     Fannin County, and Gilmer County.
       (E) Duncan ridge cluster.--Certain land in the 
     Chattahoochee National Forest, Brasstown and Toccoa Ranger 
     Districts, totaling approximately 17,000 acres, known as the 
     ``Duncan Ridge Cluster'', comprised of the parcels known as 
     ``Licklog Mountain'', ``Duncan Ridge'', ``Board Camp'', and 
     ``Cooper Creek Scenic Area Extension'', approximately 10 to 
     15 miles south of the town of Blairsville, in Union County 
     and Fannin County.
       (F) Ed jenkins national recreation area cluster.--Certain 
     land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, Toccoa and 
     Chestatee Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 19,300 
     acres, known as the ``Ed Jenkins National Recreation Area 
     Cluster'', comprised of the Springer Mountain, Mill Creek, 
     and Toonowee parcels, 30 miles north of the town of 
     Dahlonega, in Fannin County, Dawson County, and Lumpkin 
     County.
       (G) Gainesville ridges cluster.--Certain land in the 
     Chattahoochee National Forest, Chattooga Ranger District, 
     totaling approximately 14,200 acres, known as the 
     ``Gainesville Ridges Cluster'', comprised of 3 parcels known 
     as ``Panther Creek'', ``Tugaloo Uplands'', and ``Middle Fork 
     Broad River'', approximately 10 miles from the town of 
     Toccoa, in Habersham County and Stephens County.
       (H) Northern blue ridge cluster, georgia areas.--Certain 
     land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, Brasstown and 
     Tallulah Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 46,000 
     acres, known as the ``Northern Blue Ridge Cluster, Georgia 
     Areas'', comprised of 8 areas known as ``Andrews Cove'', 
     ``Anna Ruby Falls Scenic Area Extension'', ``High Shoals'', 
     ``Tray Mountain Extension'', ``Kelly Ridge-Moccasin Creek'', 
     ``Buzzard Knob'', ``Southern Nantahala Extension'', and 
     ``Patterson Gap'', approximately 5 to 15 miles north of 
     Helen, 5 to 15 miles southeast of Hiawassee, north of 
     Clayton, and west of Dillard, in White County, Towns County, 
     and Rabun County.
       (I) Rich mountain cluster.--Certain land in the 
     Chattahoochee National Forest, Toccoa Ranger District, 
     totaling approximately 9,500 acres, known as the ``Rich 
     Mountain Cluster'', comprised of the parcels known as ``Rich 
     Mountain Extension'' and ``Rocky Mountain'', located 10 to 15 
     miles northeast of the town of Ellijay, in Gilmer County and 
     Fannin County.
       (J) Wilderness heartlands cluster, georgia areas.--Certain 
     land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, Chestatee, 
     Brasstown and Chattooga Ranger Districts, totaling 
     approximately 16,500 acres, known as the ``Wilderness 
     Heartlands Cluster, Georgia Areas'', comprised of 4 parcels 
     known as the ``Blood Mountain Extensions'', ``Raven Cliffs 
     Extensions'', ``Mark Trail Extensions'', and ``Brasstown 
     Extensions'', near the towns of Dahlonega, Cleveland, Helen, 
     and Blairsville, in Lumpkin County, Union County, White 
     County, and Towns County.
       (8) Idaho.--
       (A) Cove/mallard.--Certain land in the Nez Perce National 
     Forest, totaling approximately 94,000 acres, located 
     approximately 30 miles southwest of the town of Elk City, and 
     west of the town of Dixie, in the area generally known as 
     ``Cove/Mallard''.
       (B) Meadow creek.--Certain land in the Nez Perce National 
     Forest, totaling approximately 180,000 acres, located 
     approximately 8 miles east of the town of Elk City in the 
     area generally known as ``Meadow Creek''.
       (C) French creek/patrick butte.--Certain land in the 
     Payette National Forest, totaling

[[Page S15833]]

     approximately 141,000 acres, located approximately 20 miles 
     north of the town of McCall in the area generally known as 
     ``French Creek/Patrick Butte''.
       (9) Illinois.--
       (A) Cripps bend.--Certain land in the Shawnee National 
     Forest, totaling approximately 39 acres, located in Jackson 
     County in the Big Muddy River watershed, in the area 
     generally known as ``Cripps Bend''.
       (B) Opportunity area 6.--Certain land in the Shawnee 
     National Forest, totaling approximately 50,000 acres, located 
     in northern Pope County surrounding Bell Smith Springs 
     Natural Area, in the area generally known as ``Opportunity 
     Area 6''.
       (C) Quarrel creek.--Certain land in the Shawnee National 
     Forest, totaling approximately 490 acres, located in northern 
     Pope County in the Quarrel Creek watershed, in the area 
     generally known as ``Quarrel Creek''.
       (10) Michigan: trap hills.--Certain land in the Ottawa 
     National Forest, Bergland Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 37,120 acres, known as the ``Trap Hills'', 
     located approximately 5 miles from the town of Bergland, in 
     Ontonagon County.
       (11) Minnesota.--
       (A) Trout lake and suomi hills.--Certain land in the 
     Chippewa National Forest, totaling approximately 12,000 
     acres, known as ``Trout Lake/Suomi Hills'' in Itasca County.
       (B) Lullaby white pine reserve.--Certain land in the 
     Superior National Forest, Gunflint Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 2,518 acres, in the South Brule Opportunity 
     Area, northwest of Grand Marais in Cook County, known as the 
     ``Lullaby White Pine Reserve''.
       (12) Missouri: eleven point-big springs area.--Certain land 
     in the Mark Twain National Forest, Eleven Point Ranger 
     District, totaling approximately 200,000 acres, comprised of 
     the administrative area of the Eleven Point Ranger District, 
     known as the ``Eleven Point-Big Springs Area''.
       (13) Montana: mount bushnell.--Certain land in the Lolo 
     National Forest, totaling approximately 41,000 acres, located 
     approximately 5 miles southwest of the town of Thompson Falls 
     in the area generally known as ``Mount Bushnell''.
       (14) New mexico.--
       (A) Angostura.--Certain land in the eastern half of the 
     Carson National Forest, Camino Real Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 10,000 acres, located in Township 21, Ranges 12 
     and 13, known as ``Angostura'', and bounded--
       (i) on the northeast, by Highway 518;
       (ii) on the southeast, by the Angostura Creek watershed 
     boundary;
       (iii) on the southern side, by Trail 19 and the Pecos 
     Wilderness; and
       (iv) on the west, by the Agua Piedra Creek watershed.
       (B) La manga.--Certain land in the western half of the 
     Carson National Forest, El Rito Ranger District, at the 
     Vallecitos Sustained Yield Unit, totaling approximately 5,400 
     acres, known as ``La Manga'', in Township 27, Range 6, and 
     bounded--
       (i) on the north, by the Tierra Amarilla Land Grant;
       (ii) on the south, by Canada Escondida;
       (iii) on the west, by the Sustained Yield Unit boundary and 
     the Tierra Amarilla Land Grant; and
       (iv) on the east, by the Rio Vallecitos.
       (C) Elk mountain.--Certain land in the Santa Fe National 
     Forest, totaling approximately 7,220 acres, known as ``Elk 
     Mountain'' located in Townships 17 and 18 and Ranges 12 and 
     13, and bounded--
       (i) on the north, by the Pecos Wilderness;
       (ii) on the east, by the Cow Creek Watershed;
       (iii) on the west, by the Cow Creek; and
       (iv) on the south, by Rito de la Osha.
       (D) Jemez highlands.--Certain land in the Jemez Ranger 
     District of the Santa Fe National Forest, totaling 
     approximately 54,400 acres, known as the ``Jemez Highlands'', 
     located primarily in Sandoval County.
       (15) North carolina.--
       (A) Central nantahala cluster, north carolina areas.--
     Certain land in the Nantahala National Forest, Tusquitee, 
     Cheoah, and Wayah Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 
     107,000 acres, known as the ``Central Nantahala Cluster, 
     North Carolina Areas'', comprised of 9 parcels known as 
     ``Tusquitee Bald'', ``Shooting Creek Bald'', ``Cheoah Bald'', 
     ``Piercy Bald'', ``Wesser Bald'', ``Tellico Bald'', ``Split 
     White Oak'', ``Siler Bald'', and ``Southern Nantahala 
     Extensions'', near the towns of Murphy, Franklin, Bryson 
     City, Andrews, and Beechertown, in Cherokee County, Macon 
     County, Clay County, and Swain County.
       (B) Chattooga watershed cluster, north carolina areas.--
     Certain land in the Nantahala National Forest, Highlands 
     Ranger District, totaling approximately 8,000 acres, known as 
     the ``Chattooga Watershed Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', 
     comprised of the Overflow (Blue Valley) and Terrapin Mountain 
     parcels, 5 miles from the town of Highlands, in Macon County 
     and Jackson County.
       (C) Tennessee border cluster, north carolina areas.--
     Certain land in the Nantahala National Forest, Tusquitee and 
     Cheoah Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 28,000 acres, 
     known as the ``Tennessee Border Cluster, North Carolina 
     Areas'', comprised of the 4 parcels known as the ``Unicoi 
     Mountains'', ``Deaden Tree'', ``Snowbird'', and ``Joyce 
     Kilmer-Slickrock Extension'', near the towns of Murphy and 
     Robbinsville, in Cherokee County and Graham County.
       (D) Bald mountains.--Certain land in the Pisgah National 
     Forest, French Broad Ranger District, totaling approximately 
     13,000 acres known as the ``Bald Mountains'', located 12 
     miles northeast of the town of Hot Springs, in Madison 
     County.
       (E) Big ivy tract.--Certain land in the Pisgah National 
     Forest, totaling approximately 14,000 acres, located 
     approximately 15 miles west of Mount Mitchell in the area 
     generally known as the ``Big Ivy Tract''.
       (F) Black mountains cluster, north carolina areas.--Certain 
     land in the Pisgah National Forest, Toecane and Grandfather 
     Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 62,000 acres, known 
     as the ``Black Mountains Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', 
     comprised of 5 parcels known as ``Craggy Mountains'', ``Black 
     Mountains'', ``Jarrett Creek'', ``Mackey Mountain'', and 
     ``Woods Mountain'', near the towns of Burnsville, Montreat 
     and Marion, in Buncombe County, Yancey County, and McDowell 
     County.
       (G) Linville cluster.--Certain land in the Pisgah National 
     Forest, Grandfather District, totaling approximately 42,000 
     acres, known as the ``Linville Cluster'', comprised of 7 
     parcels known as ``Dobson Knob'', ``Linville Gorge 
     Extension'', ``Steels Creek'', ``Sugar Knob'', ``Harper 
     Creek'', ``Lost Cove'', and ``Upper Wilson Creek'', near the 
     towns of Marion, Morgantown, Spruce Pine, Linville, and 
     Blowing Rock, in Burke County, McDowell County, Avery County, 
     and Caldwell County.
       (H) Nolichucky, north carolina area.--Certain land in the 
     Pisgah National Forest, Toecane Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 4,000 acres, known as the ``Nolichucky, North 
     Carolina Area'', located 25 miles northwest of Burnsville, in 
     Mitchell County and Yancey County.
       (I) Pisgah cluster, north carolina areas.--Certain land in 
     the Pisgah National Forest, Pisgah Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 52,000 acres, known as the ``Pisgah Cluster, 
     North Carolina Areas'', comprised of 5 parcels known as 
     ``Shining Rock and Middle Prong Extensions'', ``Daniel 
     Ridge'', ``Cedar Rock Mountain'', ``South Mills River'', and 
     ``Laurel Mountain'', 5 to 12 miles north of the town of 
     Brevard and southwest of the city of Asheville, in Haywood 
     County, Transylvania County, and Henderson County.
       (J) Wildcat.--Certain land in the Pisgah National Forest, 
     French Broad Ranger District, totaling approximately 6,500 
     acres, known as ``Wildcat'', located 20 miles northwest of 
     the town of Canton, in Haywood County.
       (16) Ohio.--
       (A) Archers fork complex.--Certain land in the Marietta 
     Unit of the Athens Ranger District, in the Wayne National 
     Forest, in Washington County, known as ``Archers Fork 
     Complex'', totaling approximately 18,350 acres, located 
     northeast of Newport and bounded--
       (i) on the northwest, by State Highway 26;
       (ii) on the northeast, by State Highway 260;
       (iii) on the southeast, by the Ohio River; and
       (iv) on the southwest, by Bear Run and Danas Creek.
       (B) Bluegrass ridge.--Certain land in the Ironton Ranger 
     District on the Wayne National Forest, in Lawrence County, 
     known as ``Bluegrass Ridge'', totaling approximately 4,000 
     acres, located 3 miles east of Etna in Township 4 North, 
     Range 17 West, Sections 19 through 23 and 27 through 30.
       (C) Buffalo creek.--Certain land in the Ironton Ranger 
     District of the Wayne National Forest, Lawrence County, Ohio, 
     known as ``Buffalo Creek'', totaling approximately 6500 
     acres, located 4 miles northwest of Waterloo in Township 5 
     North, Ranger 17 West, sections 3 through 10 and 15 through 
     18.
       (D) Lake vesuvius.--Certain land in the Ironton Ranger 
     District of the Wayne National Forest, in Lawrence County, 
     totaling approximately 4,900 acres, generally known as ``Lake 
     Vesuvius'', located to the east of Etna in Township 2 North, 
     Range 18 West, and bounded--
       (i) on the southwest, by State Highway 93; and
       (ii) on the northwest, by State Highway 4.
       (E) Morgan sisters.--Certain land in the Ironton Ranger 
     District of the Wayne National Forest, in Lawrence County, 
     known as ``Morgan Sisters'', totaling approximately 2,500 
     acres, located 1 mile east of Gallia and bounded by State 
     Highway 233 in Township 6 North, Range 17 West, sections 13, 
     14, 23 and 24 and Township 5 North, Range 16 West, sections 
     18 and 19.
       (F) Utah ridge.--Certain land in the Athens Ranger District 
     of the Wayne National Forest, in Athens County, known as 
     ``Utah Ridge'', totaling approximately 9,000 acres, located 1 
     mile northwest of Chauncey and bounded--
       (i) on the southeast, by State Highway 682 and State 
     Highway 13;
       (ii) on the southwest, by US Highway 33 and State Highway 
     216; and
       (iii) on the north, by State Highway 665.
       (G) Wildcat hollow.--Certain land in the Athens Ranger 
     District of the Wayne National Forest, in Perry County and 
     Morgan County, known as ``Wildcat Hollow'', totaling 
     approximately 4,500 acres, located 1 mile east of Corning in 
     Township 12 North, Range 14 West, sections 1, 2, 11-14, 23 
     and 24 and Township 8 North, Range 13 West, sections 7, 18, 
     and 19.

[[Page S15834]]

       (17) Oklahoma: cow creek drainage, oklahoma.--Certain land 
     in the Ouachita National Forest, Mena Ranger District, in Le 
     Flore County, totaling approximately 3,000 acres, known as 
     ``Cow Creek Drainage, Oklahoma'', and bounded approximately--
       (A) on the west, by the Beech Creek National Scenic Area;
       (B) on the north, by State Highway 63;
       (C) on the east, by the Arkansas-Oklahoma border; and
       (D) on the south, by County Road 9038 on the south.
       (18) Oregon: applegate wilderness.--Certain land in the 
     Siskiyou National Forest and Rogue River National Forest, 
     totaling approximately 20,000 acres, approximately 20 miles 
     southwest of the town of Grants Pass and 10 miles south of 
     the town of Williams, in the area generally known as the 
     ``Applegate Wilderness''.
       (19) Pennsylvania.--
       (A) The bear creek special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger District, Elk 
     County, totaling approximately 7,800 acres, and comprised of 
     Allegheny National Forest land bounded--
       (i) on the west, by Forest Service Road 136;
       (ii) on the north, by Forest Service Roads 339 and 237;
       (iii) on the east, by Forest Service Road 143; and
       (iv) on the south, by Forest Service Road 135.
       (B) The bogus rocks special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger District, 
     Forest County, totaling approximately 1,015 acres, and 
     comprised of Allegheny National Forest land in compartment 
     714 bounded--
       (i) on the northeast and east, by State Route 948;
       (ii) on the south, by State Route 66;
       (iii) 0n the southwest and west, by Township Road 370;
       (iv) on the northwest, by Forest Service Road 632; and
       (v) on the north, by a pipeline.
       (C) The chappel fork special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger District, McKean 
     County, totaling approximately 10,000 acres, and comprised of 
     Allegheny National Forest land bounded--
       (i) on the south and southeast, by State Road 321;
       (ii) on the south, by Chappel Bay;
       (iii) on the west, by the Allegheny Reservoir;
       (iv) on the north, by State Route 59; and
       (v) on the east, by private land.
       (D) The fools creek special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger District, Warren 
     County, totaling approximately 1,500 acres, and comprised of 
     Allegheny National Forest land south and west of Forest 
     Service Road 255 and west of FR 255A, bounded--
       (i) on the west, by Minister Road; and
       (ii) on the south, by private land.
       (E) The hickory creek special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger District, Warren 
     County, totaling approximately 2,000 acres, and comprised of 
     Allegheny National Forest land bounded--
       (i) on the east and northeast, by Heart's Content Road;
       (ii) on the south, by Hickory Creek Wilderness Area;
       (iii) on the northwest, by private land; and
       (iv) on the north, by Allegheny Front National Recreation 
     Area.
       (F) The lamentation run special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger District, 
     Forest County, totaling approximately 4,500 acres, and--
       (i) comprised of Allegheny National Forest land bounded--

       (I) on the north, by Tionesta Creek;
       (II) on the east, by Salmon Creek;
       (III) on the southeast and southwest, by private land; and
       (IV) on the south, by Forest Service Road 210; and

       (ii) including the lower reaches of Bear Creek.
       (G) The lewis run special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger District, McKean 
     County, totaling approximately 500 acres, and comprised of 
     Allegheny National Forest land north and east of Forest 
     Service Road 312.3, including land known as the ``Lewis Run 
     Natural Area'' and consisting of land within Compartment 466, 
     Stands 1-3, 5-8, 10-14, and 18-27.
       (H) The mill creek special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger District, Elk 
     County, totaling approximately 2,000 acres, and comprised of 
     Allegheny National Forest land within a 1-mile radius of the 
     confluence of Red Mill Run and Big Mill Creek and known as 
     the ``Mill Creek Natural Area''.
       (I) The millstone creek special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger District, 
     Forest County, totaling approximately 30,000 acres, and 
     comprised of Allegheny National Forest land bounded--
       (i) on the north, by State Route 66;
       (ii) on the northeast, by Forest Service Road 226;
       (iii) on the east, by Forest Service Roads 130, 774, and 
     228;
       (iv) on the southeast, by State Road 3002 and Forest 
     Service Road 189;
       (v) on the south, by the Clarion River; and
       (vi) on the southwest, west, and northwest, by private 
     land.
       (J) The minister creek special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger District, Warren 
     County, totalling approximately 6,600 acres, and comprised of 
     Allegheny National Forest land bounded--
       (i) on the north, by a snowmobile trail;
       (ii) on the east, by Minister Road;
       (iii) on the south, by State Route 666 and private land;
       (iv) on the southwest, by Forest Service Road 420; and
       (v) on the west, by warrants 3109 and 3014.
       (K) The muzette special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger District, 
     Forest County, totaling approximately 325 acres, and 
     comprised of Allegheny National Forest land bounded--
       (i) on the west, by 79 deg.16' longitude, approximately;
       (ii) on the north, by Forest Service Road 561;
       (iii) on the east, by Forest Service Road 212; and
       (iv) on the south, by private land.
       (L) The sugar run special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger District, McKean 
     County, totaling approximately 8,800 acres, and comprised of 
     Allegheny National Forest land bounded--
       (i) on the north, by State Route 346 and private land;
       (ii) on the east, by Forest Service Road 137; and
       (iii) on the south and west, by State Route 321.
       (M) The tionesta special area.--Certain land in the 
     Allegheny National Forest, Bradford and Marienville Ranger 
     Districts, Elk, Forest, McKean, and Warren Counties, 
     totalling approximately 27,000 acres, and comprised of 
     Allegheny National Forest land bounded--
       (i) on the west, by private land and State Route 948;
       (ii) on the northwest, by Forest Service Road 258;
       (iii) on the north, by Hoffman Farm Recreation Area and 
     Forest Service Road 486;
       (iv) on the northeast, by private land and State Route 6;
       (v) on the east, by private land south to Forest Road 133, 
     then by snowmobile trail from Forest Road 133 to Windy City, 
     then by private land and Forest Road 327 to Russell City; and
       (vi) on the southwest, by State Routes 66 and 948.
       (20) South carolina.--
       (A) Big shoals, south carolina area.--Certain land in the 
     Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 
     Oconee County, totaling approximately 2,000 acres, known as 
     ``Big Shoals, South Carolina Area'', 15 miles south of 
     Highlands, North Carolina.
       (B) Brasstown creek, south carolina area.--Certain land in 
     the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, 
     in Oconee County, totaling approximately 3,500 acres, known 
     as ``Brasstown Creek, South Carolina Area'', approximately 15 
     miles west of Westminster, South Carolina.
       (C) Chauga.--Certain land in the Sumter National Forest, 
     Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in Oconee County, totaling 
     approximately 16,000 acres, known as ``Chauga'', 
     approximately 10 miles west of Walhalla, South Carolina.
       (D) Dark bottoms.--Certain land in the Sumter National 
     Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in Oconee County, 
     totaling approximately 4,000 acres, known as ``Dark 
     Bottoms'', approximately 10 miles northwest of Westminster, 
     South Carolina.
       (E) Ellicott rock extension, south carolina area.--Certain 
     land in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger 
     District, in Oconee County, totaling approximately 2,000 
     acres, known as ``Ellicott Rock Extension, South Carolina 
     Area'', located approximately 10 miles south of Cashiers, 
     North Carolina.
       (F) Five falls, south carolina area.--Certain land in the 
     Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 
     Oconee County, totaling approximately 3,500 acres, known as 
     ``Five Falls, South Carolina Area'', approximately 10 miles 
     southeast of Clayton, Georgia.
       (G) Persimmon mountain.--Certain land in the Sumter 
     National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in Oconee 
     County, totaling approximately 7,000 acres, known as 
     ``Persimmon Mountain'', approximately 12 miles south of 
     Cashiers, North Carolina.
       (H) Rock gorge, south carolina area.--Certain land in the 
     Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 
     Oconee County, totaling approximately 2,000 acres, known as 
     ``Rock Gorge, South Carolina Area'', 12 miles southeast of 
     Highlands, North Carolina.
       (I) Tamassee.--Certain land in the Sumter National Forest, 
     Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in Oconee County, totaling 
     approximately 5,500 acres, known as ``Tamassee'', 
     approximately 10 miles north of Walhalla, South Carolina.
       (J) Thrift's ferry, south carolina area.--Certain land in 
     the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, 
     in Oconee County, totaling approximately 5,000 acres, known 
     as ``Thrift's Ferry, South Carolina Area'', 10 miles east of 
     Clayton, Georgia.
       (21) South dakota.--
       (A) Black fox area.--Certain land in the Black Hills 
     National Forest, totaling approximately 12,400 acres, located 
     in the upper

[[Page S15835]]

     reaches of the Rapid Creek watershed, known as the ``Black 
     Fox Area'', and roughly bounded--
       (i) on the north, by FDR 206;
       (ii) on the south, by the steep slopes north of Forest Road 
     231; and
       (iii) on the west, by a fork of Rapid Creek.
       (B) Breakneck area.--Certain land in the Black Hills 
     National Forest, totaling 6,700 acres, located along the 
     northeast edge of the Black Hills in the vicinity of the 
     Black Hills National Cemetery and the Bureau of Land 
     Management's Fort Meade Recreation Area, known as the 
     ``Breakneck Area'', and generally--
       (i) bounded by Forest Roads 139 and 169 on the north, west, 
     and south; and
       (ii) demarcated along the eastern and western boundaries by 
     the ridge-crests dividing the watershed.
       (C) Norbeck preserve.--Certain land in the Black Hills 
     National Forest, totaling approximately 27,766 acres, known 
     as the ``Norbeck Preserve'', and encompassed approximately by 
     a boundary that, starting at the southeast corner--
       (i) runs north along FDR 753 and United States Highway Alt. 
     16, then along SD 244 to the junction of Palmer Creek Road, 
     which serves generally as a northwest limit;
       (ii) heads south from the junction of Highways 87 and 89;
       (iii) runs southeast along Highway 87; and
       (iv) runs east back to FDR 753, excluding a corridor of 
     private land along FDR 345.
       (D) Pilger mountain area.--Certain land in the Black Hills 
     National Forest, totaling approximately 12,600 acres, known 
     as the ``Pilger Mountain Area'', located in the Elk Mountains 
     on the southwest edge of the Black Hills, and roughly 
     bounded--
       (i) on the east and northeast, by Forest Roads 318 and 319;
       (ii) on the north and northwest, by Road 312; and
       (iii) on the southwest, by private land.
       (E) Stagebarn canyons.--Certain land in the Black Hills 
     National Forest, known as ``Stagebarn Canyons'', totaling 
     approximately 7,300 acres, approximately 10 miles west of 
     Rapid City, South Dakota.
       (22) Tennessee.--
       (A) Bald mountains cluster, tennessee areas.--Certain land 
     in the Nolichucky and Unaka Ranger Districts of the Cherokee 
     National Forest, in Cocke County, Green County, Washington 
     County, and Unicoi County, totaling approximately 46,133 
     acres, known as the ``Bald Mountains Cluster, Tennessee 
     Areas'', and comprised of 10 parcels known as ``Laurel Hollow 
     Mountain'', ``Devil's Backbone'', ``Laurel Mountain'', 
     ``Walnut Mountain'', ``Wolf Creek'', ``Meadow Creek 
     Mountain'', ``Brush Creek Mountain'', ``Paint Creek'', ``Bald 
     Mountain'', and ``Sampson Mountain Extension'', located near 
     the towns of Newport, Hot Springs, Greeneville, and Erwin.
       (B) Big frog/cohutta cluster.--Certain land in the Cherokee 
     National Forest, in Polk County, Ocoee Ranger District, 
     Hiwassee Ranger District, and Tennessee Ranger District, 
     totaling approximately 28,800 acres, known as the ``Big Frog/
     Cohutta Cluster'', comprised of 4 parcels known as ``Big Frog 
     Extensions'', ``Little Frog Extensions'', ``Smith Mountain'', 
     and ``Rock Creek'', located near the towns of Copperhill, 
     Ducktown, Turtletown, and Benton.
       (C) Citico creek watershed cluster tennessee areas.--
     Certain land in the Tellico Ranger District of the Cherokee 
     National Forest, in Monroe County, totaling approximately 
     14,256 acres, known as the ``Citico Creek Watershed Cluster, 
     Tennessee Areas'', comprised of 4 parcels known as ``Flats 
     Mountain'', ``Miller Ridge'', ``Cowcamp Ridge'', and ``Joyce 
     Kilmer-Slickrock Extension'', near the town of Tellico 
     Plains.
       (D) Iron mountains cluster.--Certain land in the Cherokee 
     National Forest, Watauga Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 58,090 acres, known as the ``Iron Mountains 
     Cluster'', comprised of 8 parcels known as ``Big Laurel 
     Branch Addition'', ``Hickory Flat Branch'', ``Flint Mill'', 
     ``Lower Iron Mountain'', ``Upper Iron Mountain'', ``London 
     Bridge'', ``Beaverdam Creek'', and ``Rodgers Ridge'', located 
     near the towns of Bristol and Elizabethton, in Sullivan 
     County and Johnson County.
       (E) Northern unicoi mountains cluster.--Certain land in the 
     Tellico Ranger District of the Cherokee National Forest, in 
     Monroe County, totaling approximately 30,453 acres, known as 
     the ``Northern Unicoi Mountain Cluster'', comprised of 4 
     parcels known as ``Bald River Gorge Extension'', ``Upper Bald 
     River'', ``Sycamore Creek'', and ``Brushy Ridge'', near the 
     town of Tellico Plains.
       (F) Roan mountain cluster.--Certain land in the Cherokee 
     National Forest, Unaka and Watauga Ranger Districts, totaling 
     approximately 23,725 acres known as the ``Roan Mountain 
     Cluster'', comprised of 7 parcels known as ``Strawberry 
     Mountain'', ``Highlands of Roan'', ``Ripshin Ridge'', ``Doe 
     River Gorge Scenic Area'', ``White Rocks Mountain'', ``Slide 
     Hollow'' and ``Watauga Reserve'', approximately 8 to 20 miles 
     south of the town of Elizabethton, in Unicoi County, Carter 
     County, and Johnson County.
       (G) Southern unicoi mountains cluster.--Certain land in the 
     Hiwassee Ranger District of the Cherokee National Forest, in 
     Polk County, Monroe County, and McMinn County, totaling 
     approximately 11,251 acres, known as the ``Southern Unicoi 
     Mountains Cluster'', comprised of 3 parcels known as ``Gee 
     Creek Extension'', ``Coker Creek'', and ``Buck Bald'', near 
     the towns of Etowah, Benton, and Turtletown.
       (H) Unaka mountains cluster, tennessee areas.--Certain land 
     in the Cherokee National Forest, Unaka Ranger District, 
     totaling approximately 15,669 acres, known as the ``Unaka 
     Mountains Cluster, Tennessee Areas'', comprised of 3 parcels 
     known as ``Nolichucky'', ``Unaka Mountain Extension'', and 
     ``Stone Mountain'', approximately 8 miles from Erwin, in 
     Unicoi County and Carter County.
       (23) Texas: longleaf ridge.--Certain land in the Angelina 
     National Forest, in Jasper County and Angelina County, 
     totaling approximately 30,000 acres, generally known as 
     ``Longleaf Ridge'', and bounded--
       (A) on the west, by Upland Island Wilderness Area;
       (B) on the south, by the Neches River; and
       (C) on the northeast, by Sam Rayburn Reservoir.
       (24) Vermont.--
       (A) Glastenbury area.--Certain land in the Green Mountain 
     National Forest, totaling approximately 35,000 acres, located 
     3 miles northeast of Bennington, generally known as the 
     ``Glastenbury Area'', and bounded--
       (i) on the north, by Kelly Stand Road;
       (ii) on the east, by Forest Road 71;
       (iii) on the south, by Route 9; and
       (iv) on the west, by Route 7.
       (B) Lamb brook.--Certain land in the Green Mountain 
     National Forest, totaling approximately 5,500 acres, located 
     3 miles southwest of Wilmington, generally known as ``Lamb 
     Brook'', and bounded--
       (i) on the west, by Route 8;
       (ii) on the south, by Route 100;
       (iii) on the north, by Route 9; and
       (iv) on the east, by land owned by New England Power 
     Company.
       (C) Robert frost mountain area.--Certain land in the Green 
     Mountain National Forest, totaling approximately 8,500 acres, 
     known as ``Robert Frost Mountain Area'', located northeast of 
     Middlebury, consisting of the Forest Service land bounded--
       (i) on the west, by Route 116;
       (ii) on the north, by Bristol Notch Road;
       (iii) on the east, by Lincoln/Ripton Road; and
       (iv) on the south, by Route 125.
       (25) Virginia.--
       (A) Bear creek.--Certain land in the Jefferson National 
     Forest, Wythe Ranger District, known as ``Bear Creek'', north 
     of Rural Retreat, in Smyth County and Wythe County.
       (B) Cave springs.--Certain land in the Jefferson National 
     Forest, Clinch Ranger District, totaling approximately 3,000 
     acres, known as ``Cave Springs'', between State Route 621 and 
     the North Fork of the Powell River, in Lee County.
       (C) Dismal creek.--Certain land totaling approximately 
     6,000 acres, in the Jefferson National Forest, Blacksburg 
     Ranger District, known as ``Dismal Creek'', north of State 
     Route 42, in Giles County and Bland County.
       (D) Stone coal creek.--Certain land in the Jefferson 
     National Forest, New Castle Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 2,000 acres, known as ``Stone Coal Creek'', in 
     Craig County and Botetourt County.
       (E) White oak ridge: terrapin mountain.--Certain land in 
     the Glenwood Ranger District of the Jefferson National 
     Forest, known as ``White Oak Ridge--Terrapin Mountain'', 
     totaling approximately 8,000 acres, east of the Blue Ridge 
     Parkway, in Botetourt County and Rockbridge County.
       (F) Whitetop mountain.--Certain land in the Jefferson 
     National Forest, Mt. Rodgers Recreation Area, totaling 3,500 
     acres, known as ``Whitetop Mountain'', in Washington County, 
     Smyth County, and Grayson County.
       (G) Wilson mountain.--Certain land known as ``Wilson 
     Mountain'', in the Jefferson National Forest, Glenwood Ranger 
     District, totaling approximately 5,100 acres, east of 
     Interstate 81, in Botetourt County and Rockbridge County.
       (H) Feathercamp.--Certain land in the Mt. Rodgers 
     Recreation Area of the Jefferson National Forest, totaling 
     4,974 acres, known as ``Feathercamp'', located northeast of 
     the town of Damascus and north of State Route 58 on the 
     Feathercamp ridge, in Washington County.
       (26) Wisconsin.--
       (A) Flynn lake.--Certain land in the Chequamegon-Nicolet 
     National Forest, Washburn Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 5,700 acres, known as ``Flynn Lake'', in the 
     Flynn Lake semi-primitive nonmotorized area, in Bayfield 
     County.
       (B) Ghost lake cluster.--Certain land in the Chequamegon-
     Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide Ranger District, 
     totaling approximately 6,000 acres, known as ``Ghost Lake 
     Cluster'', including 5 parcels known as ``Ghost Lake'', 
     ``Perch Lake'', ``Lower Teal River'', ``Foo Lake'', and 
     ``Bulldog Springs'', in Sawyer County.
       (C) Lake owens cluster.--Certain land in the Chequamegon-
     Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide and Washburn Ranger 
     Districts, totaling approximately 3,600 acres, known as 
     ``Lake Owens Cluster'', comprised of parcels known as ``Lake 
     Owens'', ``Eighteenmile Creek'', ``Northeast Lake'', and 
     ``Sugarbush Lake'', in Bayfield County.
       (D) Medford cluster.--Certain land in the Chequamegon-
     Nicolet National Forest, Medford-Park Falls Ranger District, 
     totaling approximately 23,000 acres, known as the ``Medford 
     Cluster'', comprised of 12 parcels known as ``County E 
     Hardwoods'', ``Silver Creek/Mondeaux River Bottoms'', ``Lost 
     Lake

[[Page S15836]]

     Esker'', ``North and South Fork Yellow Rivers'', ``Bear 
     Creek'', ``Brush Creek'', ``Chequamegon Waters'', ``John's 
     and Joseph Creeks'', ``Hay Creek Pine-Flatwoods'', ``558 
     Hardwoods'', ``Richter Lake'', and ``Lower Yellow River'', in 
     Taylor County.
       (E) Park falls cluster.--Certain land in the Chequamegon-
     Nicolet National Forest, Medford-Park Falls Ranger District, 
     totaling approximately 23,000 acres, known as ``Park Falls 
     Cluster'', comprised of 11 parcels known as ``Sixteen 
     Lakes'', ``Chippewa Trail'', ``Tucker and Amik Lakes'', 
     ``Lower Rice Creek'', ``Doering Tract'', ``Foulds Creek'', 
     ``Bootjack Conifers'', ``Pond'', ``Mud and Riley Lake 
     Peatlands'', ``Little Willow Drumlin'', and ``Elk River'', in 
     Price County and Vilas County.
       (F) Penokee mountain cluster.--Certain land in the 
     Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide Ranger 
     District, totaling approximately 23,000 acres, known as 
     ``Penokee Mountain Cluster'', comprised of--
       (i) the Marengo River and Brunsweiler River semi-primitive 
     nonmotorized areas; and
       (ii) parcels known as ``St. Peters Dome'', ``Brunsweiler 
     River Gorge'', ``Lake Three'', ``Hell Hole Creek'', and 
     ``North Country Trail Hardwoods'', in Ashland County and 
     Bayfield County.
       (G) Southeast great divide cluster.--Certain land in the 
     Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Medford Park Falls 
     Ranger District, totaling approximately 25,000 acres, known 
     as the ``Southeast Great Divide Cluster'', comprised of 
     parcels known as ``Snoose Lake'', ``Cub Lake'', ``Springbrook 
     Hardwoods'', ``Upper Moose River'', ``East Fork Chippewa 
     River'', ``Upper Torch River'', ``Venison Creek'', ``Upper 
     Brunet River'', ``Bear Lake Slough'', and ``Noname Lake'', in 
     Ashland County and Sawyer County.
       (H) Diamond roof cluster.--Certain land in the Chequamegon-
     Nicolet National Forest, Lakewood-Laona Ranger District, 
     totaling approximately 6,000 acres, known as ``Diamond Roof 
     Cluster'', comprised of 4 parcels known as ``McCaslin 
     Creek'', ``Ada Lake'', ``Section 10 Lake'', and ``Diamond 
     Roof'', in Forest County, Langlade County, and Oconto County.
       (I) Argonne forest cluster.--Certain land in the 
     Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-Florence 
     Ranger District, totaling approximately 12,000 acres, known 
     as ``Argonne Forest Cluster'', comprised of parcels known as 
     ``Argonne Experimental Forest'', ``Scott Creek'', ``Atkins 
     Lake'', and ``Island Swamp'', in Forest County.
       (J) Bonita grade.--Certain land in the Chequamegon-Nicolet 
     National Forest, Lakewood-Laona Ranger District, totaling 
     approximately 1,200 acres, known as ``Bonita Grade'', 
     comprised of parcels known as ``Mountain Lakes'', ``Temple 
     Lake'', ``Second South Branch'', ``First South Branch'', and 
     ``South Branch Oconto River'', in Langlade County.
       (K) Franklin and butternut lakes cluster.--Certain land in 
     the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-Florence 
     Ranger District, totaling approximately 12,000 acres, known 
     as ``Franklin and Butternut Lakes Cluster'', comprised of 8 
     parcels known as ``Bose Lake Hemlocks'', ``Luna White Deer'', 
     ``Echo Lake'', ``Franklin and Butternut Lakes'', ``Wolf 
     Lake'', ``Upper Ninemile'', ``Meadow'', and ``Bailey 
     Creeks'', in Forest County and Oneida County.
       (L) Lauterman lake and kieper creek.--Certain land in the 
     Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-Florence 
     Ranger District, totaling approximately 2,500 acres, known as 
     ``Lauterman Lake and Kieper Creek'', in Florence County.
       (27) Wyoming: sand creek area.--
       (A) In general.--Certain land in the Black Hills National 
     Forest, totaling approximately 8,300 acres known as the 
     ``Sand Creek area'', located in Crook County, in the far 
     northwest corner of the Black Hills.
       (B) Boundary.--Beginning in the northwest corner and 
     proceeding counterclockwise, the boundary for the Sand Creek 
     Area roughly follows--
       (i) forest Roads 863, 866, 866.1B;
       (ii) a line linking forest roads 866.1B and 802.1B;
       (iii) forest road 802.1B;
       (iv) forest road 802.1;
       (v) an unnamed road;
       (vi) Spotted Tail Creek (excluding all private land);
       (vii) forest road 829.1;
       (viii) a line connecting forest roads 829.1 and 864;
       (ix) forest road 852.1; and
       (x) a line connecting forest roads 852.1 and 863.
       (d) Committee of Scientists.--
       (1) Establishment.--The Secretaries concerned shall appoint 
     a committee consisting of scientists who--
       (A) are not officers or employees of the Federal 
     Government;
       (B) are not officers or employees of any entity engaged in 
     whole or in part in the production of wood or wood products; 
     and
       (C) have not contracted with or represented any entity 
     described in subparagraph (A) or (B) in a period beginning 5 
     years before the date on which the scientist is appointed to 
     the committee.
       (2) Recommendations for additional special areas.--Not 
     later than 2 years of the date of the enactment of this Act, 
     the committee shall provide Congress with recommendations for 
     additional special areas.
       (3) Candidate areas.--Candidate areas for recommendation as 
     additional special areas shall have outstanding biological 
     values that are exemplary on a local, regional, and national 
     level, including the presence of--
       (A) threatened or endangered species of plants or animals;
       (B) rare or endangered ecosystems;
       (C) key habitats necessary for the recovery of endangered 
     or threatened species;
       (D) recovery or restoration areas of rare or 
     underrepresented forest ecosystems;
       (E) migration corridors;
       (F) areas of outstanding biodiversity;
       (G) old growth forests;
       (H) commercial fisheries; and
       (I) sources of clean water such as key watersheds.
       (4) Governing principle--The committee shall adhere to the 
     principles of conservation biology in identifying special 
     areas based on biological values.

     SEC. 204. RESTRICTIONS ON MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN ANCIENT 
                   FORESTS, ROADLESS AREAS, WATERSHED PROTECTION 
                   AREAS, AND SPECIAL AREAS.

       (a) Restriction of Management Activities in Ancient 
     Forests.--On Federal land located in Ancient forests--
       (1) no roads shall be constructed or reconstructed;
       (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted; and
       (3) no improvements for the purpose of extractive logging 
     shall be permitted.
       (b) Restriction of Management Activities in Roadless 
     Areas.--On Federal land located in roadless areas (except 
     military installations)--
       (1) no roads shall be constructed or reconstructed;
       (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted except of non-
     native invasive tree species, in which case the limitations 
     on logging in title I shall apply; and
       (3) no improvements for the purpose of extractive logging 
     shall be permitted.
       (c) Restriction of Management Activities in Watershed 
     Protection Areas.--On Federal land located in watershed 
     protection areas--
       (1) no roads shall be constructed or reconstructed;
       (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted except of non-
     native invasive tree species, in which case the limitations 
     on logging in title I shall apply; and
       (3) no improvements for the purpose of extractive logging 
     shall be permitted.
       (d) Restriction of Management Activities in Special 
     Areas.--On Federal land located in special areas--
       (1) no roads shall be constructed or reconstructed;
       (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted except of non-
     native invasive tree species, in which case the limitations 
     on logging in title I shall apply; and
       (3) no improvements for the purpose of extractive logging 
     shall be permitted.
       (e) Maintenance of Existing Roads.--
       (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
     restrictions described in subsection (a) shall not prohibit 
     the maintenance of an improved road, or any road accessing 
     private inholdings.
       (2) Abandoned roads.--Any road that the Secretary 
     determines to have been abandoned before the date of 
     enactment of this Act shall not be maintained or 
     reconstructed.
       (f) Enforcement.--
       (1) Finding.--Congress finds that all people of the United 
     States are injured by actions on land to which this section 
     applies.
       (2) Purpose.--The purpose of this subsection is to foster 
     the widest possible enforcement of this section.
       (3) Federal enforcement.--The Secretary and the Attorney 
     General of the United States shall enforce this section 
     against any person that violates this section.
       (4) Citizen suits.--
       (A) In general.--A citizen harmed by a violation of this 
     section may enforce this section by bringing a civil action 
     for a declaratory judgment, a temporary restraining order, an 
     injunction, statutory damages, or other remedy against any 
     alleged violator, including the United States, in any 
     district court of the United States.
       (B) Judicial relief.--If a district court of the United 
     States determines that a violation of this section has 
     occurred, the district court--
       (i) shall impose a damage award of not less than $5,000;
       (ii) may issue 1 or more injunctions or other forms of 
     equitable relief; and
       (iii) shall award to each prevailing party the reasonable 
     costs of bringing the action, including attorney's fees, 
     witness fees, and other necessary expenses.
       (C) Standard of proof.--The standard of proof in all 
     actions under this paragraph shall be the preponderance of 
     the evidence.
       (D) Trial.--A trial for any action under this section shall 
     be de novo.
       (E) Payment of damages.--
       (i) Non-federal violator.--A damage award under 
     subparagraph (B)(i) shall be paid by a non-Federal violator 
     or violators designated by the court to the Treasury.
       (ii) Federal violator.--

       (I) In general.--Not later than 40 days after the date on 
     which judgment is rendered, a damage award under subparagraph 
     (B)(i) for which the United States is determined to be liable 
     shall be paid from the Treasury, as provided under section 
     1304 of title 31, United States Code, to the person or 
     persons designated to receive the damage award.

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       (II) Use of damage award.--A damage award described under 
     subclause (I) shall be used by the recipient to protect or 
     restore native biodiversity on Federal land or on land 
     adjoining Federal land.
       (III) Court costs.--Any award of costs of litigation and 
     any award of attorney fees shall be paid by a Federal 
     violator not later than 40 days after the date on which 
     judgment is rendered.

       (5) Waiver of sovereign immunity.--
       (A) In general.--The United States (including agents and 
     employees of the United States) waives its sovereign immunity 
     in all respects in all actions under this section.
       (B) Notice.--No notice is required to enforce this 
     subsection.

                       TITLE III--EFFECTIVE DATE

     SEC. 301. EFFECTIVE DATE.

       This Act and the amendments made by this Act take effect on 
     the date of enactment of this Act.

     SEC. 302. EFFECT ON EXISTING CONTRACTS.

       This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall not 
     apply to any contract for the sale of timber that was entered 
     into on or before the date of enactment of this Act.

     SEC. 303. WILDERNESS ACT EXCLUSION.

       This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall not 
     apply to any Federal wilderness area designated under the 
     Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.).
                                 ______