[Congressional Record Volume 149, Number 93 (Monday, June 23, 2003)]
[House]
[Pages H5705-H5710]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                  IRAQ AND WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Garrett of New Jersey). Under the 
Speaker's announced policy of January 7, 2003, the gentleman from 
Pennsylvania (Mr. Hoeffel) is recognized for 60 minutes.
  Mr. HOEFFEL. Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the opportunity to address the 
House with a number of my colleagues who will be joining me later, 
notably the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. Delahunt) and the 
gentleman from Hawaii (Mr. Abercrombie), to talk about Iraq.
  Mr. Speaker, we have had a great military victory in Iraq. Our young 
men and women performed with great courage and great effectiveness. We 
are all very proud of our military and the fact that the threat of the 
Saddam Hussein regime is no longer present to threaten regional and 
world peace. But we have two questions that we believe need to be 
addressed: First, is our military mission complete in Iraq? Secondly, 
having won the military victory, are we winning the peace?
  Regarding the military mission, I would suggest to the House that our 
mission is not complete without a full accounting of the weapons of 
mass destruction. There is no question that the primary purpose for 
invading Iraq put forward by the administration last year and accepted 
by a majority of the Members of Congress, myself included, was for the 
purpose of disarming Saddam Hussein of weapons of mass destruction. 
There is no question that Hussein had such weapons in the past. The 
international United Nations inspectors were finding them in the mid 
and late 1990s. Hussein used weapons of mass destruction, notably 
chemical weapons, against his own citizens with devastating and brutal 
effects. No one has dreamt up or made up the motion that Hussein had in 
the past weapons of mass destruction. There is no doubt that he did. 
But we cannot find them now. We do not know where they are. Perhaps 
they are buried in the desert and we will find them next week. I hope 
that is the case. Perhaps he gave them to some other group or some 
other country. Perhaps he destroyed them. We do not know what happened, 
but many of us in the House believe that we must have a full accounting 
of what happened to the weapons of mass destruction before our military 
mission is complete, for two basic reasons. First off, we need to know 
where they are. If they are not in Iraq and have been given or taken 
someplace else, we need to secure them, to dismantle them. We need to 
know who has the custody of them.

                              {time}  2300

  If they are in Iraq, we have to find them. We have to make sure that 
the coalition forces gain custody of those weapons of mass destruction 
and not another group that might use them for evil purposes. If these 
weapons have been destroyed, all for the better; but we need to know 
why our intelligence did not know that fact. We frankly need to know 
what happened to them so that we could be sure that the world has been 
rid of that particular group of weapons of mass destruction and that, 
if they do exist, they are in safe custody.
  The second reason that we need a full accounting of the weapons of 
mass destruction is to determine what has happened regarding our 
intelligence and the political use of that intelligence by the Bush 
administration in the arguments to support war in Iraq. There is no 
question that the Bush administration and the leading senior advisors 
to the President stated with complete certainty in the fall of 2002 
that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction, was developing 
more weapons of mass destruction, and posed an imminent threat to the 
region and, in fact, to the world. In private briefings and in public 
statements, the President of the United States and his senior advisors 
assured Members of Congress and the American people that the weapons of 
mass destruction existed, that they were being developed in even 
greater numbers, and that they posed an imminent threat. And many of 
us, myself included, based our vote in favor of military action against 
Iraq for the primary purpose of disarming Saddam Hussein of weapons of 
mass destruction. Now we cannot find them.
  More troubling, now stories are appearing in the press and 
intelligence analysts are stepping forward, only on the record if they 
have retired, off the record if they still are at work for the United 
States, saying, in fact, they were not giving such certain advice to 
the White House in the fall of 2002, that they were saying we cannot be 
sure what kinds of weapons of mass destruction Saddam Hussein had in 
the fall of 2002.
  On September 26, 2002, the President made a speech in the Rose Garden 
stating with great certainty that Saddam Hussein had chemical and 
biological weapons of mass destruction and was developing additional 
chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction, and yet at the 
same time it now has become public. The Defense Intelligence Agency in 
September, 2002, was circulating a report through the White House in 
the highest levels of the administration saying ``there was no credible 
evidence that Saddam Hussein currently had weapons of mass destruction 
or was developing more weapons of mass destruction.'' There was some 
evidence, but no credible evidence that that was a certainty. And that 
lack of certainty did not make its way into the public and private 
arguments made by the administration. So many of us feel that the Bush 
administration has a growing credibility gap regarding the weapons of 
mass destruction.
  Why does this matter? It matters greatly for the President's new 
doctrine of preemption, of the preemptive use of military power to stop 
an enemy. I do believe in an age of terror when we are dealing with 
adversaries that do not always come from another country who do not 
always have a capital city to defend or a homeland to defend when we 
are dealing with terrorists who are not only faceless but stateless 
that it may be necessary to take preemptive military action if we are 
faced with an imminent threat to

[[Page H5706]]

this country. But that presupposes that we have accurate intelligence. 
It is one thing to respond to an attack against us. That is the way 
America has always gone to war once we have been attacked, and it is 
easy, of course, in the traditional sense of warfare to see an armada 
massing in the bay or an army building on our borders to know that an 
attack is imminent.

  In an age of terror, we will not always have that warning; so 
preemptive action may be wise and necessary in the future, but we must 
have accurate intelligence. We must be able to depend upon that 
intelligence. We must be able to depend upon the intelligence analysts 
bringing the information forward in a timely fashion, giving their best 
advice to the President and the White House, and then we have to depend 
upon the President and the White House using that information 
appropriately and wisely, using it to inform Congress and the American 
people, not to mislead Congress and the American people.
  We do not know at this point what exactly happened regarding our 
intelligence. We do not know whether it was misused by anyone 
intentionally or unintentionally. We do not know whether the White 
House heard what it wanted to hear in these intelligence briefings. We 
do not know whether the intelligence briefings told the White House 
what the briefers thought the White House wanted to hear, nor do we 
know whether Congress was told what people only wanted us to know or 
perhaps what they thought they wanted us to know.
  But these questions have to be answered because it goes to the very 
root of our democratic system, our checks and balances, the proper 
relationship between the executive and the legislative branches and 
whether or not we can have faith in the accuracy of our national 
intelligence agencies and in the proper use of that intelligence.
  Before I go any further, we have been joined by the gentleman from 
Massachusetts (Mr. Delahunt), a senior member of the House Committee on 
International Relations and an eloquent spokesman on foreign policy and 
national security, my good friend; and I yield to him.
  Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the gentleman from 
Pennsylvania (Mr. Hoeffel) for again coming to the floor of this House 
to raise this issue to the American people because clearly our 
credibility is at risk; and as time passes, there is a growing 
crescendo of constituents of mine, of his, and of others of our 
colleagues inquiring as to what occurred in this particular case.
  I think what I find particularly disturbing is that in the State of 
the Union Address by the President back on January 28, he referred to 
an African nation. That nation, it was subsequently revealed, is the 
nation of Niger and that there had been a series of letters exchanged 
between officials of that nation and the Saddam Hussein regime in Iraq 
relative to the desire of Saddam Hussein to purchase highly enriched 
uranium from that nation; and that was referenced in the State of the 
Union Address, as I indicated, by the President of the United States. 
In fact, it was one of the core ingredients in terms of the 
Administration's presentation to the American people for its rationale 
in launching military intervention into Iraq.
  Now subsequently it has been revealed that that information was false 
and that those documents that were relied on by the President, by the 
White House were, in fact, false. They were forgeries. And that was 
known to our intelligence agencies, specifically the CIA. Now there 
appears to be disagreement between the CIA and the Administration as to 
the information that was brought to the White House by the CIA.
  Mr. HOEFFEL. Mr. Speaker, is the gentleman aware that according to 
reports, the CIA informed the White House of the lack of accuracy of 
these reports in March of 2002, a full 10 months before the President's 
State of the Union Address this past January?

                              {time}  2310

  Mr. DELAHUNT. Yes, I am aware of that, and I am also aware of 
newspaper reports that indicated that there was nothing special, 
according to the National Security Adviser, about this particular 
information, and that they just simply did not inquire any further from 
the CIA as to the reliability of that particular information.
  But what I find disturbing, I say to the gentleman, is that a week 
from that date, the Secretary of State, Colin Powell, presented the 
administration's case before the United Nations Security Council. And 
according, again, to newspaper reports, that information was omitted by 
the Secretary of State because he felt that that information was 
inaccurate.
  Now, something is wrong. If, in the space of 7 days, through a 
vetting process at the Department of State by Secretary Powell, he made 
the decision to remove that key piece of evidence from his presentation 
to the Security Council, then something is remiss, something very, very 
serious.
  Now, I know that the gentleman supported the resolution. I happened 
to vote against that resolution. We all had our own reasons. But even 
those who disagree on the issue as to whether there should have been 
military intervention in Iraq have an obligation, I would submit, to 
conduct a full and thorough review of what occurred and why this 
particular intelligence was referred to by the President of the United 
States as he addressed the American people, and clearly influenced the 
American people. And I would hope, and we understand that our 
intelligence committees on both the House and the Senate side, are 
conducting an investigation because of the concerns not only with this 
piece of information, but other pieces of information that were relied 
on or alluded to that supported the claim of the administration as to 
the intent and the position of weapons of mass destruction by Saddam 
Hussein.
  But I would respectfully suggest that that is inadequate. I think we 
have to be candid that this is a political institution, the American 
people are represented by two major political parties, and I dare say 
that if there is disagreement within the intelligence committees of the 
House and the Senate, and if that disagreement should break along party 
lines, there will be accusations that the Republicans were 
stonewalling, or that the Democrats were seeking political advantage in 
an effort to embarrass the President. And I do not think the American 
people deserve that. I genuinely believe that this is a nonpartisan 
issue. This is an issue about America. This is an issue about 
democracy. This is an issue that has, I would suggest, consequences far 
into the future about America's image in the rest of the world.
  I would hope that this body and that the President would consider 
convening an independent commission; take the politics out of this so 
there will not be any finger-pointing, and bring people on board that 
have reputations for probity, for integrity, and are eminently 
qualified to address these issues. We should take it away from this 
body, take it away from the Senate, so that it is not about politics.
  Mr. Speaker, we have already had that experience. The Hart-Rudman 
Commission that none of us really knew about or thought about or gave 
special attention to until September 12, the day after. Because that 
particular commission was comprised of eminent Americans from different 
fields, all highly regarded, people whose integrity are not in 
question; people who had no political ax to grind, who did this country 
a great service and produced a document that predicted, that predicted 
September 11. They warned that the United States was at risk. That 
particular document was filed on February 25 of 2001. And tragically, 
tragically, it sat on a shelf and no one paid any attention to it. Mr. 
Speaker, I would think that given the work of that particular 
commission, some of those people might very well agree to serve their 
country again. Because we have this, as the gentleman describes it, 
growing credibility gap.

  It is important to note that the CIA, again, according to newspaper 
reports, is in serious disagreement with the White House and the 
President. According to a Washington Post article that appeared on June 
12, the story quoted a senior CIA analyst that this case, and it is 
referring to the evidence developed regarding the alleged, the alleged 
purchase of uranium from the country of Niger that proved to be false, 
a senior CIA analyst said that this case, and I am quoting his words

[[Page H5707]]

now, ``This case is indicative of larger problems involving the 
intelligence about Iraq's alleged chemical, biological, and nuclear 
weapons and its links to al Qaeda,'' which the administration cited, as 
we well know, as justification for war. Information not consistent, and 
this is a senior Central Intelligence Agency analyst who said this: 
``Information not consistent with the administration's agenda was 
discarded, and information that was consistent was not, was not 
seriously scrutinized.''
  We do not know what the proof is, and that is our obligation. That is 
why we are here. We have a responsibility to seek the truth, to answer 
questions. Not for political gain, not to embarrass anyone, but to 
reassure the American people that the integrity and the professionalism 
of their intelligence services is not questioned.
  Mr. HOEFFEL. Mr. Speaker, let me ask the gentleman a question along 
this line of the growing credibility gap. I am sure the gentleman has 
heard about the two supposedly mobile labs that have been found in Iraq 
after the conflict. I wonder if the gentleman saw the news today about 
what appears to have been their actual use.
  Mr. DELAHUNT. No, I have not, but I am eagerly awaiting to learn.
  Mr. HOEFFEL. Mr. Speaker, the latest is that reports are now 
circulating that instead of being used for biological or chemical 
laboratories, these two trucks were used to make hydrogen for the 
purpose of filling up the Iraqi weather balloons needed by Iraqi 
artillery and used by all artilleries to gauge wind and currents and so 
forth to make their artillery shooting accurate. It appears that the 
loose canvas covering on these trucks would not be conducive to their 
use as chemical or biological laboratories and that the equipment there 
is probably designed for hydrogen production.
  Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman would yield, I think it 
is important for us to be very clear and state that just recently, and 
I believe it was in Philadelphia, a city with which the gentleman is 
familiar, the President, once more, stated unequivocally that they will 
find the weapons of mass destruction. So I will accept the word of the 
President of the United States.
  But this goes beyond just that question, because it is clear that up 
to this point in time, there have been no discoveries about weapons of 
mass destruction. It just has not happened.
  But this is about integrity. This is about whether information was 
used in a way so that the American people were misled, or this was 
information that was given to the President of the United States, that 
was inaccurate and led him to come to the floor of this House, deliver 
the State of the Union address to the American people, and tell 
something and suggest to them something that in fact had not happened.
  So again, I would hope that we would get the politics out of this 
process and seek to establish an independent commission, one of 
prominent Americans, that would take up this burden, and it is a 
burden, because it would be again calling on them to serve their 
country as they did so well when they told us: beware, America is at 
risk of an attack, a serious attack, that could cause a substantial 
loss of life by terrorists and no one was listening.

                              {time}  2320

  Mr. HOEFFEL. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for his comments and 
particularly for his suggestion. I think it is a very good one.
  There is no doubt that we need an independent and nonpolitical review 
of the performance of our intelligence agencies and the use to which 
that intelligence was put. And I think an independent commission such 
as the gentleman describes is an excellent idea and one that I would 
certainly support.
  We have been joined by our colleague, the gentleman from Hawaii (Mr. 
Abercrombie), who was a passionate advocate on matters of national 
security and foreign policy; and I am happy to yield such time to the 
gentleman from Hawaii.
  Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman very much.
  In conjunction with the comments that the gentleman and the gentleman 
from Massachusetts (Mr. Delahunt) have been making, I want to preface 
my remarks with the observation that part of the complaint that is 
being made across the country with respect to this attack on Iraq and 
the subsequent war which is now unfolding is that where are people 
speaking out on it?
  Well, we are here on Special Orders tonight. I think those who are 
observing our deliberations here on C-SPAN understand that the House is 
not formally meeting right now. I would think, I want to make it clear 
to those folks who are observing and listening to our deliberations 
here this evening, that we do not have the opportunity during the work 
day to be able to speak at length and in depth on this issue and the 
issues surrounding the attack on Iraq. We have the opportunities to ask 
questions and perhaps a followup or two in committee hearings, when we 
are able to get them, with respect to the defense budget or as we dealt 
with just recently having witnesses from the Department of Defense. 
Those are rather formal occasions, as they should be. Presentation is 
made by the Department of Defense or by the requisite executive agency, 
and so occasionally a dialogue back and forth.
  If C-SPAN is not there, for all intents and purposes, it does not 
exist. When we go home to our districts and they say, where are the 
people who are opposed to this or have differing views or want to 
establish a different perspective, it is important to understand that 
the mass media in this country is owned by a small number of 
conglomerate interests, many of whom are associated with the kind of 
thing that is taking place just today.
  I refer you to the Los Angeles Times, Monday, June 23, the business 
section: California firms lining up to capitalize on rebuilding of 
Iraq. Hundreds of millions if not billions of dollars involved in this 
opportunity. If you think for a moment that the national media is going 
to be covering the Special Orders, do you think we are going to appear 
even on ``Nightline,'' which is probably the most objective and the 
most far-reaching of those who want to get the news out, I think we are 
dreaming.
  Now, I look up right now and the galleries are right in front of us. 
For those of you who are across the country who are observing us and 
listening to us tonight, the galleries are empty. I suppose the news 
organizations might have to pay overtime, I am not sure, but there are 
no reporters volunteering their time because they are interested in 
what it is that we have to say.
  Now, I have come back from a trip with a congressional delegation, 
the first congressional delegation to get into Iraq, to go to Bagdad, 
to go to Kirkuk in the north, a bipartisan delegation; and I am 
referring to the gentleman from Pennsylvania's (Mr. Hoeffel) admonition 
and to the gentleman from Massachusetts' (Mr. Delahunt) suggestion 
about an independent commission to examine these issues, a nonpolitical 
review, if I remember what you said.
  Mr. DELAHUNT. If my friend from Hawaii would yield, I think again one 
cannot overemphasize the need for the information to get out to the 
American people because it is important to know that the investigations 
that will be conducted in this House by the Permanent Select Committee 
on Intelligence in the other body will be conducted behind closed 
doors, and what we are looking for is to take the politics out of it.
  Now, I hear some say that Democrats are raising these issues to 
embarrass the President. No one can gauge our sincerity, but I know 
that the gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Hoeffel) and many of us on 
both sides of the aisle, by the way, Republicans and Democrats, want a 
situation that does not lead to a political competition.
  Here I just ran across a report from The New York Times dated June 
18. And let me again quote: ``Despite growing questions about whether 
the White House exaggerated the evidence about Saddam Hussein's 
chemical and biological weapons, President Bush and his aids believe 
that the relief that Americans feel about Mr. Hussein's fall in Iraq 
will overwhelm any questions about the case the administration built 
against him. Administration officials and Republican strategists say, 
`I think we can ride this out,' said an official.''

[[Page H5708]]

  This is not a question of riding something out. This is a question of 
righting a wrong. A wrong, wherever the responsibility should fall, let 
the American people in an appropriate forum listen to the questions, 
listen to the evidence and form their own judgments. This is not about 
politics.
  I do not know if either one of the gentleman had the opportunity to 
see the British Parliament in its inquiry into these issues. I found it 
extraordinary. It was carried on BBC. It was televised during the day. 
It received national attention there. And two former ministers of the 
Blair government who had resigned because they did not believe that the 
intelligence was accurate and was sufficient, they testified as to 
their observations. It was civil. It was respectful. It was a debate 
that I know has informed the British people.

                              {time}  2330

  We need that to happen here, but given the realities of our own 
political system, I think it is best if the President, the leadership 
of both branches, agree for an independent commission to have public 
hearings that are transparent, much like the Blair government has 
conducted in the United Kingdom.
  Naturally, we are not going to expose sources, but I would like to 
know, for example, what happened between January 28 and February 5. On 
January 28, the President of the United States in his State of the 
Union address made this assertion, and on February 5, according to 
newspaper reports, the Secretary of State Colin Powell had that 
particular piece of evidence removed from his presentation to the 
United Nations Security Council. What happened during those 7 days?
  The American people should have an answer.
  Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Mr. Speaker, I think that that is what fits into the 
premise that I am establishing here, that we need to have the press in 
that gallery paying attention to what is going on here on the floor 
because this is the only place right now that such a commission is 
going to take place.
  If someone wants to attribute partisan motives to what we are saying 
down here, they are going to do that anyway. I have to trust, as we all 
have to trust, that the people will make a decision as to whether what 
we are saying, why we are saying it, how we are saying it, where we are 
going, makes sense to them or not on the basis of ideology alone, as 
opposed to trying to get at what the truth of the situation is with 
respect to the national security interests of this Nation.
  Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Speaker, I think what the American people have to 
understand is that we are not making allegations. We are not making 
assertions. We are asking for a process that will reassure the American 
people.
  Others are making allegations, others like a gentleman who recently 
retired after 25 years in the State Department, the last four of which 
were in the Bureau of Intelligence, and his name is Greg Fieldman, 25-
year veteran, and this is what he said, and I do not know what his 
political affiliation is. He could be a Republican for all I know. The 
al Qaeda connection and the nuclear weapons issues were the only ones 
that you could link Iraq to an imminent security threat to the United 
States, and the administration was grossly distorting the intelligence 
on both items.
  That is his words. That is not my colleague's words, the gentleman 
from Pennsylvania's (Mr. Hoeffel) words or my words or Democrat words 
in a partisan context. I want to hear from him, and the American people 
have a right to hear from him, and I am sure my colleagues on the other 
side of the aisle would expect to hear from him, also. I would hope 
that this idea is seriously considered by both sides.
  Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Mr. Speaker, on that point, or on these series of 
points that are being made, for all intents and purposes, the only 
opportunity that the American people are going to have to have these 
questions explicated is on this floor during special orders, and I want 
to indicate, and I believe the three of us are agreed upon this, we are 
going to be back. Arnold Schwarzenegger is not the only one that is 
going to be back.
  We are going to be back here on this floor. We are going to be asking 
the questions. We are going to be making the observations. We are going 
to be putting forward for the American people the opportunity to hear a 
perspective that is not necessarily or likely to be enunciated in the 
press, most particularly in the controlled press. We are not going to 
see this on the evening news. We are not going to see this in the so-
called Sunday talk shows. They have the usual suspects on generally 
when that comes about.
  So what I want to do this evening by way of establishing some of the 
premise is refer back again to the congressional delegation that we 
made May 23 through the 27 under the chairmanship of the gentleman from 
California (Mr. Hunter), my good friend, our good friend, our able 
chairman, someone dedicated to the defense of this country by any 
standard of measure.
  Of course, there are differences of opinion that we have in the 
Committee on Armed Services on which I am happy to be serving as to 
what the policies might or might not be with respect to the defense of 
the strategic interests of this Nation, but there is no difference 
between us on either our desire or our capabilities or our abilities to 
try to discern what the best course might be. That is precisely why we 
went. We did not go there to try and get into a contest with anybody on 
an ideological basis or party basis but rather to try to find out what 
was taking place.
  Maybe tonight will be the first time people will be able to hear 
anything about what was known as the Organization for Reconstruction 
and Humanitarian Assistance, which has now become the Coalition 
Provisional Authority. These are important because we started out one 
way with a former general, Jay Garner, who has now been removed all of 
the sudden within almost days, weeks, in terms of workdays, just days, 
has been removed, and why? Not because General Garner was thought to be 
a bad person or an inadequate administrator or did not have the proper 
motivation or understanding, but because the mission to which he had 
been assigned and the mission which he expected to carry out, namely, a 
reconstruction effort, somewhat perhaps akin to the aftermath of a 
natural disaster, a dam bursting or a hurricane or typhoon or something 
of that nature, turned out to be a typhoon of entirely a different 
kind, namely, that there was chaos; that there was an inability to 
provide even the most elemental of protection for those who would be 
doing the reconstruction; that there was not an understanding and 
foundation in the population in which this reconstruction was supposed 
to take place that this was a mutually agreed-upon activity.
  There were forces in the street that were, in fact, trying already to 
get the United States out of Iraq, and therefore, we had to have the 
intervention of a very competent and highly professional diplomat, Mr. 
Bremer, Mr. Paul Bremer, who came in and assumed the authority over 
what has become the Coalition Provisional Authority. What did he 
propose?
  When we went to Baghdad to talk with him, he had put together what I 
called an outline. Some people would call this a plan, but I think Mr. 
Bremer is an honest and forthright person. I was very impressed with 
his desire to speak directly to us on the questions that we posed and 
the observations that we made. He did not try to finesse anything. He 
did not try to make anything into something other than what he thought 
it was. He gave that clear impression, and I think that was agreed upon 
by all Members there, Democrats and Republicans, who were there.
  He came up with what could best be characterized as an outline, not a 
plan. A plan is something that we know how to implement, we know who is 
going to implement it, we know where it is going to be done. We did not 
know any of these things. We still do not know these things. We are 
making it up as we go along. This is not an accusation, as the 
gentleman indicates, against Mr. Bremer. On the contrary he is trying 
to put something together that was not planned for.
  This is one of the key elements that we have to think about here when 
we are talking about we can have authority as General Shinseki said 
when he retired as Army Chief of Staff on June

[[Page H5709]]

11, you can be assigned command authority but you have to earn 
leadership.
  The question here that has to be answered by the President, by the 
Department of Defense, by Mr. Rumsfeld and others is, are they really 
exercising the kind of leadership that we need in these circumstances? 
We cannot equate a political policy with patriotism. If you are trying 
to tell me, and this is where I draw the line here, if you are trying 
to tell me that I have to agree with somebody else's political policy 
or have my patriotism questioned or have my capacity to understand what 
the strategic interests of this Nation are, then you have crossed over 
the line, and what you are saying in effect is do not examine closely, 
do not analyze to any great degree the policies that I am putting 
forward because if you do then I will equate that with somehow being 
antipatriotic or against our troops.
  If we are putting the lives of young men and women and the United 
States Armed Forces on the line, then we have to have policies that are 
worthy of the commitment and dedication and professionalism of those 
young people.
  I got into electoral politics because we failed to do that in the 
Vietnam War because we decided then that we would equate military 
activity with political policy, and the military activity became the 
political policy. That is why we got to body counts in Vietnam to try 
and justify our insistence on being there militarily, and so we have to 
account for the key tasks to be completed here in the context of does 
this advance the interests of the United States at this juncture, 
pending some further inquiry as to how we got there in the first place.

                              {time}  2340

  And I will tell you that while these, in and of themselves, these 10 
points of Ambassador Bremer to be completed, are worthy in and of 
themselves, they do not answer the question about what will be the role 
of the United States over the next 5 to 10 years, at least a decade.
  And this is where General Shinseki's words become ringing in terms of 
his retirement and what he said at that retirement about command 
authority and earning leadership capacity. He said that there should be 
no confusion about the argument over what the military should be doing 
or not doing in this country and what its role is going to be in the 
post-attack phase in the context of the guerilla war that is now 
underway in Iraq. There should be no confusion as to the commitment of 
the United States military to civilian control. To raise these issues 
as to who was in charge is dysfunctional to the discussion. But he 
warned us, and these words are going to be prophetic, do not get 
involved in a 12-division policy with a 10-division army.
  And what he was saying here is, were we adequately prepared ahead of 
time? Did we do the kind of planning that was necessary in order to 
accomplish this task? And was that mission that was outlined adequately 
underlined and a foundation established that would enable us to say 
with authority that the interests of the United States in terms of its 
strategic position in the world and whether or not we were facing 
imminent danger was in fact at stake? Absent that, then we are in for 
serious trouble. Because that means we will be engaged in essentially 
an ad hoc operation perhaps for over a decade to come in Iraq, and we 
will pay a fearful price for that in the lives and bloodshed of our 
American military and upon the taxpayers of this country and upon the 
credibility of the United States with regard to world opinion.
  Mr. HOEFFEL. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman would yield, his comments 
about Vietnam, I think, are very telling and warrant some 
consideration. One of my great concerns before the military involvement 
in Iraq started was not whether we would win that military 
confrontation. That was never in doubt. But how we would act afterwards 
and would we be perceived in perception or reality as a colonial power, 
an occupying power, or one that was there to liberate and help Iraqis 
gain control of their own lives.
  Now, I have noticed that the United States asked the United Nations 
to name us and the British occupying powers, using that phrase in the 
U.N. resolution of a week or two ago, occupying powers, which seems to 
me to be sending the wrong signal to the rest of the world about what 
our role in Iraq should be. And the gentleman's comments about Vietnam, 
what I most recall about our quagmire in Vietnam was how poorly our 
Presidents explained the Vietnam policy to the American people.
  Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Whether they were Democrat or Republican.
  Mr. HOEFFEL. Absolutely right. And the great failing I see now is the 
inability of the current President to explain the costs, the 
challenges, and the time lines facing us as occupying powers, if you 
will, in Iraq.
  The gentleman was there. I would be fascinated to hear his response 
based upon his firsthand observation.
  Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Well, Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will yield to me 
on that point, Ambassador Bremer was very, very direct in his 
characterization of us being an occupying power. And this was not said 
with any kind of bravado. It was simply an announcement of the 
realities that were involved and what his obligations were and what his 
responsibilities were in Iraq as the director of the coalition 
provisional authority.
  And we ought to get something straight here about this. When we say 
coalition, we are talking about the United States of America. That is 
who is in charge here. When the Americans show up, then people mean 
business. I remember that from the Balkan situation before. And just by 
way of disclosure, on that I opposed President Clinton on that. So 
again I point out this has nothing to do with Democrats and 
Republicans, whether they are in the Presidency or not. This has to do 
with credibility in terms of whether or not the national interests are 
involved and to what degree they are involved. As a result, I think 
that we need to understand very clearly what Ambassador Bremer's 
dilemma is and what is he to do at this stage when contemplating how to 
advance civil society.
  Now let us talk about the practical consequences of this. There is a 
reason that young men and women are being killed or wounded almost 
daily in Iraq today. We have no civil authority in place. When those 
who criticize those of us who were aware of this attack taking place 
under the terms and conditions and time that it took place, when they 
complain about, well, are you now ready to admit that you lost; that 
somehow we won and you thought we were going to lose. As my colleague 
from Pennsylvania pointed out, I do not know of anyone, certainly not 
any responsible person in the Congress, and I cannot think of anybody 
in the Committee on Armed Services that thought for a moment that the 
United States military would not succeed. We only have to observe them 
in action, as we have as recently on this trip at the end of May, to 
see that the professionalism, the capacity, the capabilities of the 
United States military is unparalleled.

  That is not the question. The question is are the politicians and the 
politics behind the military activity up to the mark. That is what is 
at stake here. And that is why we have the situation in which these 
young people are being shot, are being wounded, are being put in harm's 
way every day. There is no civil authority there. We are trying to 
stand up a police force.
  Does that sound familiar? It should, because we have been trying to 
do it since the late 1990s in the Balkans; and we are still, despite 
much more favorable circumstances in, at best, a very tentative dilemma 
with respect to whether or not with the NATO troops and United States 
troops leaving that area, whether or not chaos will descend once again. 
I will assure my colleagues if we leave any time soon, there will be 
chaos of a nature that the Secretary of Defense calls untidy.
  Mr. HOEFFEL. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman, and I would yield to 
my colleague from Massachusetts.
  Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Speaker, I just wanted to add one observation. The 
gentleman mentioned the Balkans. What is transpiring today in 
Afghanistan is close to a disaster, and here again we have young 
Americans at risk every day. There has been an unfavorable review of 
what is occurring within Afghanistan. The warlords are still there. The 
Taliban are reconstituting themselves. The president, who had the 
support and continues to have the support of the United States, 
President

[[Page H5710]]

Karzai, is fearful of leaving Kabul. Again, progress has not been 
measured, but rather the lack of progress is obvious; and we have been 
there 18 months.
  Earlier, my colleague referred to General Shinseki. He had the 
courage to speak his mind. He had the courage to tell the American 
people. And by the way, I think we all agree, I think there is 
unanimity among us that Iraq and the world is better off without Saddam 
Hussein. That is not at issue here. We have had a changing policy in 
regard to Iraq dating back for years, including, by the way, in the 
1980s, when this President's father, George Herbert Walker Bush, took 
Saddam Hussein off the terrorist list as Vice President in the early 
1980s, in conjunction with, and, obviously, under the direction of 
President Reagan, installed an embassy in Baghdad, supplied 
agricultural credits in the amounts of billions of dollars to the 
Iraqis, and were providing intelligence from our military to the Iraqi 
military in terms of benefiting in their war with Iran.
  I think we have to say it, they were fully aware that the Iraqis at 
that point in time were using chemical weapons. They knew. They knew 
what was happening in northern Iraq against the Kurds.

                              {time}  2350

  Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman would yield, that just 
goes to show that the interests of the United States at that time were 
deemed to be such that we could have that kind of diplomatic 
relationships with Saddam Hussein and the government in Iraq. The 
present Secretary of Defense was part of that, was in Iraq and trying 
to do business with Saddam Hussein.
  The question is what caused that change? Was it really in the 
interest of the United States in terms of our defense and imminent 
danger to the United States to attack Iraq? That is a question that 
needs to be answered because it is going to inform us and instruct us 
where we are going from here, whether it is Iran, Syria, North Korea, 
whether it is the kind of policies that are going to come forward on 
Iraq itself. This is the kind of thing that needs not just an emphasis 
but needs explanation.
  If we are going to have a policy worthy of the legacy of this 
Nation's triumph of democracy, we cannot simply assert it on behalf of 
other people, particularly in a place like Iraq which has never known 
it and whose entire history since World War I has been nothing but a 
division of the spoils among Western nations.
  Mr. Speaker, I simply want to indicate to my colleagues, and I hope 
that we will have a dialogue in the future, particularly with those who 
have different views as to where we should be going and what we have 
accomplished to this point, or what we have failed to accomplish to 
this point, because it is the only place that the American people are 
going to get any kind of a dialogue like that. That is what this House 
is all about. This is the people's House. You cannot appear on this 
floor except by way of election. You can be appointed to the United 
States Senate; you cannot be appointed to the House of Representatives. 
This is the people's House. We come up for election, as my wife says, 
every other year, not every 2 years. You can have a driver's license 
longer than you can have a license to be on this floor, and that is as 
it should be because it was the intention of the Founders of this 
Nation that the people in this country have the opportunity to decide 
who will represent them here against the House of Lords on the other 
side of the building.
  I would indicate that I will be coming back to the floor, and I hope 
to be joined by others because we do not intend to let this issue 
slide. We do not intend for anybody to get over this or get by it.
  Mr. DELAHUNT. Or ride it out. Mr. Speaker, nobody is going to ride it 
out.
  Mr. ABERCROMBIE. Not while we have the opportunity and obligation as 
Members of the House of Representatives to speak out on behalf of the 
people of this Nation.
  Mr. HOEFFEL. Mr. Speaker, I have been here just 5 years. I have often 
heard of the gentleman's eloquence and passion, and he has proven it 
tonight with great glory.
  Mr. DELAHUNT. Mr. Speaker, let me just close with an observation. It 
is my understanding that sometime this week we could very well be 
considering a proposal for prescription drug benefits. I juxtapose that 
with a headline that I noticed today, and I guess it must have been in 
the aftermath of Under Secretary Wolfowitz's testimony before the 
Committee on Armed Services where it was concluded that there was a 
probability that a substantial American presence would be required in 
Iraq for a decade and that the cost to the American people would be $54 
billion a year.
  I ask my colleagues and those that are watching us to reflect for a 
moment on the cost to the taxpayers and the reality of the deficit that 
we are facing far into the future and at the same time the needs of our 
seniors to have a genuine, significant, prescription drug benefit so 
they can live their lives with dignity and a sense that they are going 
to be treated as they should.
  Mr. ABERCROMBIE. And that they are not under siege.
  Mr. HOEFFEL. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. 
Delahunt) has framed the issue very well. There are many things we need 
to be talking about regarding the post-conflict situation in Iraq: how 
to secure it properly because security is a huge issue; and how to 
bring not just democracy to the people of Iraq but the institutions of 
democracy, free press, free speech, a noncorrupt judicial system.
  The gentleman talks about the need for a full disclosure by the 
President of the costs of the commitment, the challenges and the time 
line that we face in Iraq.
  As we close tonight, I cannot think of a better request we can make 
of the President, to tell the American people and the Congress what we 
will be facing in Iraq. If the people do not know, they will not 
support it. And if times get tough, and they have been, 17 people have 
died in Iraq since hostilities have supposedly ended.
  Mr. DELAHUNT. The number I understand now is 43 young Americans have 
died since the end of the formal phase of combat.
  Mr. HOEFFEL. It is staggering. We need a full description and a full 
setting-forth of the challenge by the President. I thank the gentleman 
from Hawaii (Mr. Abercrombie) and the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. 
Delahunt).
  Mr. ABERCROMBIE. One closing remark, I do not think the parents and 
families of the young people who have died make any differentiation 
between formal and informal. I think those deaths are devastating 
regardless of the timing associated with it.

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