[Congressional Record Volume 148, Number 126 (Tuesday, October 1, 2002)]
[House]
[Pages H6907-H6909]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




              CHARLES ``PETE'' CONRAD ASTRONOMY AWARDS ACT

  Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass 
the bill (H.R. 5303) to authorize the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration to establish an awards program in 
honor of Charles ``Pete'' Conrad, astronaut and space scientist, for 
recognizing the discoveries made by amateur astronomers of asteroids 
with near-Earth orbit trajectories, as amended.
  The Clerk read as follows:

                               H.R. 5303

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Charles `Pete' Conrad 
     Astronomy Awards Act''.

     SEC. 2. PETE CONRAD ASTRONOMY AWARD PROGRAM.

       (a) Program Authorized.--The Administrator of the National 
     Aeronautics and Space Administration (hereafter referred to 
     as the ``Administrator'') is authorized to establish the 
     Charles ``Pete'' Conrad Astronomy Awards Program. The 
     Administrator is authorized to contract with the Minor Planet 
     Center of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 
     (hereafter referred to as the ``Minor Planet Center'') to 
     administer the program.
       (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the program authorized by 
     subsection (a) shall be to award outstanding amateur 
     astronomers who make asteroid discoveries and to augment 
     asteroid discovery efforts by the Government.
       (c) Award Categories.--The award program authorized under 
     subsection (a) shall consist of 3 categories of awards as 
     follows:
       (1) First category.--An award in the first category shall 
     be presented annually to the amateur astronomer who, using 
     amateur equipment only, discovers the largest absolute 
     magnitude new asteroid having a near-Earth orbit during the 
     preceding calendar year.
       (2) Second category.--An award in the second category shall 
     be presented annually to an amateur astronomer for pre-
     discovery and recovery efforts, including--
       (A) the discovery of asteroids by an amateur as a result of 
     information produced by professional telescopes or as a 
     result of the amateur's use of time on professional 
     equipment; and
       (B) efforts to locate newly discovered asteroids using old 
     images and already discovered near-Earth orbit asteroids that 
     have been ``lost''.
       (3) Third category.--An award in the third category shall 
     be presented annually to the amateur astronomer, or 
     professional not funded for optical astronomy, who provides 
     the greatest service to update the minor planet catalogue. 
     Eligible discoveries may be made by visual, photographic, or 
     electronic means.
       (d) Guidelines for Awarding Prizes.--General guidelines for 
     the awarding of prizes are as follows:
       (1) Prizes shall be awarded to the person or group with the 
     greatest contributions as determined by the Minor Planet 
     Center for the second and third categories.
       (2) The award in the first category shall not be presented 
     for years in which there are no eligible asteroid 
     discoveries.
       (3) All awards are reserved for United States citizens.
       (4) The decisions of the Minor Planet Center in 
     administering the award program are final.
       (e) Eligibility.--Individuals are eligible to apply for the 
     awards authorized under this section if the following 
     conditions are satisfied:
       (1) All applicants must demonstrate that they are not 
     funded to use professional telescopes or observations and are 
     acting solely in an amateur capacity.
       (2) Government and professional astronomers associated with 
     the near-Earth orbit asteroid project, as well as members of 
     their immediate families, are not eligible for the awards.
       (f) Regulations.--The Administrator or the Minor Planet 
     Center may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to 
     implement the program authorized by this section.
       (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated $10,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 and 
     2004 to carry out this Act.

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from 
California (Mr. Rohrabacher) and the gentleman from Colorado (Mr. 
Udall) each will control 20 minutes.
  The Chair recognizes the gentleman from California (Mr. Rohrabacher).


                             General Leave

  Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all 
Members may have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend 
their remarks on H.R. 5303.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the 
gentleman from California?
  There was no objection.
  Mr. ROHRABACHER. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  Mr. Speaker, one of my top priorities as chairman of the Subcommittee 
on Space and Aeronautics has been addressing the threat posed by near-
Earth objects, or NEOs. Our subcommittee will, in fact, hold a second 
hearing on this subject this Thursday. In our first hearing, we heard 
disturbing testimony about the potential for a close encounter or a 
collision between Earth and one of these objects that are meandering 
around space.
  Mr. Speaker, three times this year alone, two astroids came close 
enough to the Earth to pass within the distance between the Moon and 
the Earth, and the other passed at a slightly greater distance. In 
astronomical terms, they missed our planet by a hair.
  Given the vast number of astroids and comets that inhabit our Earth 
neighborhood, a greater effort for tracking and monitoring these 
objects is critical. This is why I rise in support of H.R. 5303, the 
Charles ``Pete'' Conrad Astronomy Awards Act.
  This bill is intended to encourage amateur astronomers to discover 
new and track previously identified large astroids, particularly those 
that threaten a close approach to the Earth. The bill establishes an 
award for outstanding amateur astronomers who make astroid discoveries.
  The act contains three categories of awards to be presented annually. 
The first category awards amateur astronomers who discover the largest 
new astroid having a near-Earth orbit. The second category awards 
amateur astronomers for discovery of astroids using the information 
derived from professional sources and locating newly discovered 
astroids. And the third category awards those who provide the greatest 
service to update the Minor Planet Center's catalog of known astroids. 
The funds for the annual awards shall be $2,000 per category.
  This bill is a tribute to Pete Conrad for his tremendous 
contributions to aerospace and to his country over the last 4 decades. 
Pete Conrad was a pilot, explorer, and entrepreneur of the highest 
caliber. He commanded Apollo 12 and, during that mission, became the 
third man to walk on the Moon. He saw space as a place to get to, to 
explore, and to do business. Space exploration and commercialization is 
what he did. It was his job to explore the Moon. He then worked to 
develop new spacecraft and space transportation systems.
  I might add that later in his career he lived in my congressional 
district and had a business in my congressional district, a space-
related business of managing satellites. An interesting aside to this 
is that, as we are naming this bill after Pete Conrad and we are trying 
to encourage young astronomers, one aside of this is that a recent 
analysis of an orbiting object which was identified by an amateur 
astronomer suggests that this object, which no one could figure out 
what it was, they thought it might be some near-

[[Page H6908]]

Earth object or an astroid or a comet, but it turns out that it 
probably is the remains of a Saturn 5 third-stage rocket, and it is 
most likely that this near-Earth object that has just been discovered 
by an amateur astronomer was part of Pete Conrad's Apollo mission. So 
this is a slight bit of irony as we discuss this issue today.
  I find no better way to honor Pete Conrad than to establish an annual 
astronomer's award for the future astroid discoveries in his name. He 
always wanted people to be looking up with a positive can-do American 
spirit. This was, perhaps, exemplified by his historic description upon 
landing on the Moon, and Pete's description, of course, was 
``whoopee.''
  Pete was a fun-loving man who did serious things. I remember having 
many discussions with him because he was a constituent and he came to 
my office discussing new ideas; and every time we would come up with an 
idea, he would go ``super,'' and that is the kind of man Pete Conrad 
was. Of course, he was a man filled with energy, but everybody also 
knew the serious nature of the work that he was in. There is a serious 
threat of an astroid causing great damage, if it would hit the Earth; 
and this is, of course, a very serious matter.
  The idea of a catastrophic astroid or comet impacting on the Earth 
has, of course, caught the attention of Hollywood and the mass media in 
the past. Nevertheless, it is vital for all of us to realize that this 
is not science fiction that we are talking about. The Earth's moon and 
many other planetary bodies in our solar system are covered with impact 
craters. Most people have heard, of course, of the ``dinosaur 
extinction'' theory, or perhaps have seen pictures of the meteor crater 
in Arizona; and I remember as a young boy being taken to that meteor 
crater in Arizona. But however remote is the possibility of a near-
Earth object striking the Earth and causing a worldwide calamity, it 
may be remote; but the threat is real, nonetheless.
  In a hearing that we had, it was described as perhaps you have no 
greater chance of being killed by a comet or an astroid than getting a 
straight flush in Las Vegas. I remember after the witness said that, I 
remembered that I had gotten a straight flush in Las Vegas, a royal 
straight flush. And oh, my gosh. So we have to take this very 
seriously.
  So this is no fantasy. We have to look at this as a potential threat, 
put it in perspective, and move forward. This bill does precisely that, 
and it is a first good step in cataloging these potential dangers. 
Indeed, the near-Earth object issue has given the topic of planetary 
defense a serious tone within many quarters of the space community. So 
far, NASA has surveyed 600 astroids, but this is but a fraction of the 
total number of astroids and objects in space. What needs to be done 
now is to fully understand the scope and the breadth of the near-Earth 
objects that may and could possibly hit the Earth and would be coming 
in our direction.
  While the astroids that killed the dinosaurs is estimated to have 
happened perhaps 100 million years ago or more, and it may only happen 
that often; smaller, yet still incredibly hazardous, astroids impact 
happen much more frequently. For example, the destructive force of the 
1908 astroid that hit in Siberia was roughly equal to a 10-megaton 
blast of TNT. An astroid hit South America in the 1930s; an astroid 
struck central Asia in the 1940s and, in 1996, satellites detected 
high-altitude bursts over Greenland involving an astroid which had the 
destructive force of 100 tons of TNT.
  Ironically, if you look at an astroid from the perspective of our 
national goals in space, they also offer opportunities as well as 
dangers. In terms of pure science, astroids are geological time 
capsules from the era of when our solar system was formed. Even better, 
they are orbiting mines of metals, minerals, and other resources we can 
use to possibly build structures in space and carry things up or to and 
from Earth.

                              {time}  2200

  They are readily accessible compared to, for example, going to the 
moon or going to Mars, because the orbits of these asteroids may bring 
them closer to the Earth than the moon, and certainly than Mars.
  In closing, asteroids deserve a lot more attention from the 
scientific community. The first step, however, is tracking all of the 
sizable near-Earth objects. That is what H.R. 5303 is all about. It is 
a modest step towards this goal.
  I urge my colleagues to support this bill, and I urge them to 
remember Pete Conrad. A few years ago, Pete died in a motorcycle 
accident. That is it. The man who went to the moon, rode there on the 
top of a large rocket, died when his motorcycle hit a drainage ditch on 
a mountain road.
  But Pete would want us to keep moving on. Pete would not want us to 
look back, and he would not want us to look down. He would always want 
us to keep looking up. That is what this bill is all about.
  Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. UDALL of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  (Mr. UDALL of Colorado asked and was given permission to revise and 
extend his remarks.)
  Mr. UDALL of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I, too, rise in support of H.R. 
5303, the Charles ``Pete'' Conrad Astronomy Awards Act.
  The bill which was introduced by the gentleman from California 
(Chairman Rohrabacher) is a bill, as he so eloquently outlined for us, 
that has two important purposes. By establishing an awards program, it 
recognizes the important role amateur astronomers can play in detecting 
potentially hazardous Earth-crossing asteroids, and it honors the 
memory of a genuine American hero, Apollo astronaut Charles ``Pete'' 
Conrad, who led the second expedition to land humans on the moon.
  I have to tell my colleague, the gentleman from California, that I 
enjoyed hearing more about Pete Conrad. He was a true American hero, 
and he lived life to the fullest. I thank the gentleman for sharing 
some of those stories and insights into what made Pete Conrad the man 
that he was.
  The Committee on Science has focused attention on the importance of 
detecting and cataloging Earth orbit-crossing asteroids for more than a 
decade. I venture to say that my colleague, the gentleman from 
California (Mr. Rohrabacher), has led much of that work. I want to 
commend him for his attention to this important area.
  The late Chairman George Brown held hearings on the topic early in 
the last decade, and Congress subsequently passed legislation directing 
NASA to establish a near-Earth object detection program. There is a 
growing scientific consensus that asteroid impacts have had profound 
effects on the history of our planet and may have helped lead to the 
demise of the dinosaurs.
  I remember growing up in Arizona. In Arizona in the northern section 
is Meteor Crater. We were very familiar with that incredible event that 
led to a crater being created there that is over a mile wide, and quite 
an object to behold.
  The gentleman mentioned later this week that the Subcommittee on 
Space and Aeronautics will be holding a hearing on near-Earth objects. 
At that hearing the subcommittee will receive an update on the nature 
of the potential threat posed by Earth orbit-crossing asteroids, as 
well as the status of the international efforts to detect them.
  As noted in H.R. 5303, amateur astronauts can play a useful role in 
detecting asteroids, and their efforts should be recognized.
  Mr. Speaker, the bill before us today is a constructive measure, and 
I want to commend the gentleman from California (Chairman Rohrabacher) 
for his initiatives.
  I urge my colleagues to suspend the rules and pass this bill.
  Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. ROHRABACHER. Madam Speaker, I yield myself the balance of my 
time.
  Madam Speaker, I would just say that this bill accomplishes a number 
of things that we have gone over today. I think perhaps the most 
important element of this legislation is that it is designed to try to 
enlist young people in America's space program in a very meaningful 
way. This bill will encourage young people, boys and girls in grade 
school and in scouting units and perhaps junior high schools and high

[[Page H6909]]

schools and colleges, to actually go out and to look into the heavens 
and get to know about the intricacies and the stories and the forces at 
work in this vast area around this planet and around this universe and 
around our solar system.
  It will, I believe, go a long way to encouraging young people who, 
let us say if we inspire them with this bill, they might make a 
lifetime of contributions. We may be encouraging a young lady or a 
young man who later on would become the Pete Conrad of the next 
generation, because he or she would be so excited in understanding that 
they had seen something in space that perhaps no one else had seen, and 
strive towards that type of accomplishment.
  I think that that is one element of this legislation that we should 
not overlook. It is very futuristic-oriented, but there are some real 
positive benefits today, as well.
  One last note about George Brown, who was the chairman of the 
Committee on Science while I was a junior member of the Committee on 
Science. Let me say that for George Brown, this was an area of his 
interest. I forgot about that until I was just reminded by my friend, 
the gentleman from Colorado. George Brown took a personal interest in 
this.
  I will have the Members know that George Brown was one of the most 
admired men here in Congress. He was such a fine person, and his memory 
to this day, I am glad the gentleman brought it up here in remembering 
Pete, these were the kinds of Americans that really made this country. 
George Brown was really kind of a real liberal guy compared to my 
political area in the spectrum, and Pete, I guess, was a little more 
conservative, on the conservative side of the spectrum, although he was 
nonpolitical. He was just a real professional in that business.
  But I would say that what we are talking about when we talk about 
developing technologies and taking America into the future and creating 
this type of a vision, it is something that can unite a country and a 
people and has served to unite us in the past.
  I believe that America's space program has not gotten the attention 
it deserves in these last, I would say, 15 years. That was something 
that George Brown was fighting for when he was alive. That is what he 
really wanted to do, and I am sorry that he was not able to fully 
succeed in reenergizing America's space program; and I do not think we 
have, either. We are all working on it.
  Perhaps if we can attract the younger generation by offering them a 
chance like this to actually participate and to find some things in 
space, we should go out of our way to make sure that we do that. That 
is what this bill does. I am sorry, maybe I should have named it the 
Pete Conrad and the George Brown bill, but we remember George tonight 
as we debate this, because I am sure he would be more than happy to be 
here tonight helping out, if he was alive and with us. I remember his 
passing, and I miss him very much.
  So, Madam Speaker, I ask my fellow colleagues to support this 
legislation and to remember Pete Conrad and keep looking up, as we do.
  Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Speaker, I submitted the following correspondence:
                                         House of Representatives,


                                         Committee on Science,

                                 Washington, DC September 30,2002.
     Hon. J. Dennis Hastert,
     Speaker, Office of the Speaker, House of Representatives, 
         Washington, DC.
       Dear Speaker Hastert: I am writing to inform you that the 
     Committee on Science has discharged from further 
     consideration H.R. 5030, the ``Charles `Pete' Conrad 
     Astronomy Awards Act.'' H.R. 5303 was referred to this 
     Committee on July 26, 2002.
           Sincerely,
                                            Sherwood, L. Boehlert,
                                                         Chairman.

  Mr. UDALL of Colorado. Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my 
time.
  Mr. ROHRABACHER. Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Ms. Hart). The question is on the motion 
offered by the gentleman from California (Mr. Rohrabacher) that the 
House suspend the rules and pass the bill, H.R. 5303, as amended.
  The question was taken; and (two-thirds having voted in favor 
thereof) the rules were suspended and the bill, as amended, was passed.
  A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.

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