[Congressional Record Volume 148, Number 32 (Tuesday, March 19, 2002)]
[House]
[Pages H978-H983]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
GREEK INDEPENDENCE DAY
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. Jo Ann Davis of Virginia). Under a
previous order of the House, the gentlewoman from New York (Mrs.
Maloney) is recognized for 5 minutes.
Mrs. MALONEY of New York. Madam Speaker, I rise also today with my
colleague, the gentleman from Florida (Mr. Bilirakis), the co-chair of
the Hellenic Caucus, which I chair with him, to recognize the Hellenic
Americans and their heritage and their tremendous contribution to our
country and really to the world.
The ancient state of Greece inspired our country in so many ways,
from the architecture, the design of the very building in which we are
residing right now, to the design of our government; and today we pay
tribute to Greece's declaration of independence from the Ottoman Empire
on March 25. In 2002 it will be the 181st anniversary.
History tells us that in 1821 Greece rose up in a bloody revolt
against the repressive might of the Ottoman Empire. Determined to end
400 years of slavery or die in the attempt, Greek patriots began their
unyielding struggle for liberty and independence.
The legend says that on March 21, 1821, Bishop Germanos of Patras
hoisted the Greek flag at the monastery of Agia Lavra in the
Peloponnese in an act of defiance that marked the beginning of the war
of independence.
At a time when we in the United States are fighting to preserve our
democracy from terrorists, I find a great deal of significance in our
firemen raising the American flag at the World Trade Center after the
attack on September 11. That act symbolized our war for democracy and
freedom, as did the flag at Agia Lavra many years ago.
To honor Greek Independence Day and honor the victims and heroes of
September 11, the Federation of Hellenic Societies of New York is
sponsoring the annual Greek Independence Day Parade for New York City.
As many of my colleagues know, New York City is the home of the largest
Hellenic population outside of Greece and Cyprus.
I would now like to place in the Record the members of the board of
directors, the officers, all of whom are organizing this important
tribute.
The members of the Board of Directors are:
Bill Stathakos, President; Demos Siokis, 1st Vice
President; Peter Michaleas, 2nd Vice President; Demetrius
Kalamaras, 3rd Vice President; Demetrios Demetriou, General
Secretary; Demetrios Katchulis, 1st Ass't. Secretary; Chris
Orfanakos, 2nd Ass't Secretary; Elias Tsekerides, Treasurer;
George Kalivas Ass't Treasurer; Ekaterine Livanis, Public
Relations.
Andreas Savva; Antonios Fokas; Avgitides Anastasios;
Christos Gousis; Demosthenes Triantaffylou; Ektor
Polykandriotis; Eleftherios Avramidis; Jhon Zapantis; Maria
Kalas; Paul Hatzikyriakos; Stelios Manis; Legal Advisors;
Gregory Sioris and Attorney at Law, Katerine Nikiforou,
Esquire.
This year, the board has elected the grand marshals for the parade.
They will be from both sides of the ocean, representing the strong bond
and friendship between Greece and the United States. From the U.S. Alax
Spanos and Denise Mehiel; and from Greece, Apostolos Kakkomanis and
Dora Kakoyiani. Ms. Kakoyiani was a victim of a terrorist who
assassinated her husband. These outstanding individuals will lead the
parade to symbolize that no terrorist can extinguish the light of
democracy and freedom.
As the representative of the 14th Congressional District, where a
large number of my constituents are of Hellenic descent, I have often
had the opportunity to speak with them about the victims and heroes of
1821. Today, we speak also about the heroes and victims of 2001.
The Hellenic community, as every community in New York and worldwide,
was hit heavily by the travesty of September 11. Those of Hellenic
decent that were lost that day were: Ioanna Ahladiotis; Anastasios-
Ernestos Alikakos; Katerina Bandis; Peter Brennan, a firefighter; John
Catsimatides; Thomas A. Damaskinos; Anthony Demas; Gus Economou;
Michael Eleferis, also a firefighter; Anna Fosteris; Kenneth Grouzalis;
Steve Hagis; Bill Haramis; Nick John; Steve Kokinos; Danielle
Kousoulis; James Maounis; George Merkouris; Peter-Constantios Moutos;
James Papageorge; George Paris; Theodoros Pigis; Daphni Pouletsos;
Richard Poulos; Tony Savvas; Muriel Siskopoulos; Timothy P. Soulas;
Andreas Stergiiopoulos; Michael Tarrou; Michael Theodoridis; William
Tselepis; Jennifer Tzemis; Steve Zannettos; Gus Zavvos; Steve Savvas,
from the New York Police Department; and Prokopios Paul Zios. These
victims are the patriots. They gave their lives on that terrible attack
against our country and our democracy.
The members of the fire department, police department, port authority
and
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military will continue to lead this war and to protect us on the
homeland and abroad.
On this day of independence and strong bond with Greece, the Hellenic
and Philhellenic community remember that the future has much to offer:
the Olympics in Greece and New York; the efforts of the Hellenic Caucus
to seek a peaceful understanding with Turkey on the issues of the Greek
Islands and Cyprus occupation.
On this day of Greek independence, let us remember the words of
Plato: ``Democracy is a charming form of government, full of variety
and disorder, and dispensing a kind of equality to equals and unequals
alike.''
I ask the Members of the Congress to rise with me and pay tribute to
the heroes of 1821 and 2001. We will not forget you.
Zeto E Eleftheria. Se Ollo to Kosmo.
Mr. GILLMAN. Madam Speaker, I am pleased to rise in support of the
celebration of Greek independence, and I thank our colleagues, the
gentleman from Florida, Mr. Bilirakis and the gentlelady from New York,
Mrs. Maloney, who have once again shown great leadership in their
efforts to organize this special order for Greek Independence Day.
Since the people of Greece declared their independence on March 25,
1821, the people of the United States and Greece have enjoyed close
relations, and generations of Greek immigrants have helped to
strengthen and enrich the relations between our two nations. However,
our mutual devotion to democratic ideals is rooted deep in history.
Some 2,500 years ago, ancient Greek city-states helped to plant the
seeds of democratic thought among men. The admiration that our Founding
Fathers had for those very ideals are evident in our own Constitution,
and in the letters our Founding Fathers exchanged with one another in
charting the course for American democracy.
Since the rebirth of a democratic Greece in 1974, a vibrant Greek
democracy serves once again as an inspiration to its neighbors and the
world. Our two Nations continue to stand together as friends and allies
in a region of the world beset by strife and hardship.
Accordingly, I wish to thank the people of Greece for their continued
friendship, and I invite my colleagues to join me in honoring the
Nation of Greece on the 181st anniversary of its independence.
Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, I join my colleagues today to recognize
the 181st anniversary of Greek Independence Day. As the U.S.
Representative of a region with over 5,000 people of Greek descent, I
know that this important event will be joyously celebrated throughout
Northwest Indian.
I would like to honor not only this important day in Greek history,
but the strong and unique relationship that exists today between the
United States and Greece. The development of modern democracy has its
roots in ancient Athens. The writings of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero and
others were the first to espouse the basic tends of a government of the
people and by the people. While these ideals were not always followed
in ancient Greece, these writings provided a roadmap for later
governments in their attempts to establish democracy in their
countries.
The Founding Fathers of the United States were particularly
influenced by the writings of the ancient Greeks on democracy. A
careful reading of ``The Federalist Papers'' reveals the significant
role the early Greeks played in the formation of our government. Thomas
Jefferson called upon his studies of the Greek tradition of democracy
when he drafted the Declaration of Independence, espousing the ideals
of a government representative of and accountable to the people.
Decades later, these ideas were a catalyst in the Greek uprising and
successful independence movement against the Ottoman Empire--the event
we celebrate today.
On March 25, 1821, the Archbishop of Patros blessed the Greek flag at
the Aghia Laura monastery, marking the proclamation of Greek
independence. It took 11 years for the Greeks to finally defeat the
Ottomans and gain their true independence. After this long struggle
against an oppressive regime, Greece returned to the democratic ideals
that its ancestors had developed centuries before.
Today, the United States' relationship with Greece is as strong as
ever. Greece has been our ardent supporter in every major international
conflict of this century, and they play an important role in the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union. Greece has also
been a key participant in the United Nations peacekeeping force in
Bosnia, providing troops and supplies. In turn, the United States has
worked to attain a peaceful settlement to the conflict in Cyprus, the
island nation that was brutally invaded by Turkey in 1974.
Madam Speaker, I would thank our colleagues, Mr. Bilirakis and Mrs.
Maloney, for organizing this Special Order, and I join all of our House
colleagues in recognizing Greek Independence Day. I salute the spirit
of democracy and family that distinguish the Greek people, as well as
their courage in breaking the bonds of oppression 178 years ago. I look
forward to many more years of cooperation and friendship between our
two nations.
Ms. PELOSI. Madam Speaker, I rise today to commemorate the 181st
anniversary of Greek Independence Day, and I thank my colleagues, Mr.
Bilirakis, and Mrs. Maloney, for their leadership on Greek-American
issues and for organizing today's tribute.
Greece has long held a special place in the hearts and minds of
Americans. From the architecture of this building to the design of our
government, we are indebted to the best ideas of the Greeks. They
brought us a rational explanation for the universe, provided the basis
for Western medical science, and laid the foundation of Western
philosophy on which our country is built. As Thomas Jefferson
acknowledged, ``to the ancient Greeks, we are indebted for the light
which led ourselves out of Gothic darkness.''
As the ancient state was an inspiration to the United States, the
modern state of Greece is a trusted friend. From the first World War to
the current struggle against terrorism, Greece and the United States
have fought side by side for the principles of liberty and self-
determination the ancient Greeks set forth so eloquently. A valued
member of NATO, Greece today is a thriving democracy that Aristotle
would recognize and of which he would be proud.
But it almost wasn't this way. For nearly 400 years, the land that
gave the world democracy lived under tyranny. Between 1453 and 1821, as
part of the Ottoman Empire, the Greek people lived without freedom of
religion, access to education, or representative government. Surrounded
by the ruins of their noble heritage, however, they never lost their
identity as a free people. On March 25, 1821, drawing inspiration from
our own struggle for independence, the revolution against the
oppressive Ottoman rule began. The revolution succeeded, and a free,
democratic nation was reborn.
Here in the United States we are blessed by the presence of many
Greek-Americans. In San Francisco, the Greek-American community is a
vibrant part of our wonderful diversity. From the daily contributions
of thousands of hardworking citizens to the leadership of former Mayors
George Christopher and Art Agnos, Greek-Americans have enriched San
Francisco and our nation.
After enjoying the recent Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, the
world now turns its attention to the 2004 summer games to be held in
Athens, Greece. The 108th anniversary of the modern Olympics will be
held where the games were born some 3,000 years ago. The innovations of
ancient Greece continue to light our world, and modern Greece, our
friend and ally, continues to uphold its legacy.
It is my honor, as a member of the Congressional Caucus on Hellenic
Issues, to join my colleagues in celebrating Greek Independence Day.
Mr. McGOVERN. Madam Speaker, I am proud to be able to participate in
honoring 181 years of Greek Freedom and Independence. I want to express
my appreciation to Congressman Bilirakis and Congresswoman Maloney for
their leadership on Greece and Cyprus and for keeping all Members
informed and educated on Hellenic issues.
While there is much to celebrate this year about Greece--its strong
and growing economy, its role in the European Union, and the
preparations for the 2004 Summmer Olympics--I most want to mention the
clear and unwavering support that Greece has given to the international
campaign against terrorism.
In his address to the U.N. General Assembly on November 13, 2001,
Foreign Minister George Papandreou called for the abandonment of
rivalries and a new spirit of international cooperation in a ``common
fight for humanity'' against terrorism. Mr. Papandreou went on to
describe a global community engaged in issues and programs that are
very near and dear to my own heart, calling on nations to reach beyond
their borders to alleviate disease and starvation, to oppose sex,
religious and racial discrimination, to protect the environment, to
include the poor in the benefits of development, and to provide equal
educational opportunities.
Greece has known the scourge of terrorism and has long fought a
battle against domestic and international terrorist groups. Now Greece
is a full partner in the international war against terrorism. It has
provided the United States the use of its airspace, air bases and naval
facilities on Crete, as well as intelligence sharing and investigation
of suspect bank accounts that may be linked to terrorist activities
worldwide. In addition, Greece has sent several C-130 planes with food
and other needed supplies for Afghan refugees, offered to send
peacekeeping troops to Afghanistan, and is working with the
international community in the development of post-conflict development
priorities for Afghanistan.
[[Page H980]]
Greece has long been a crossroads for many cultures. As such, we have
much to learn from Greece about diversity, tolerance, democratic
inclusion, and how to create a genuine multicultural society that
honors its past and looks forward to the challenges of the future.
I am proud to be able to honor Greece on 181 years of freedom and
independence.
Mr. LANTOS. Madam Speaker, as we approach Greek Independence Day, it
is a great honor for me to pay tribute ton one of the United States'
most important allies and one which is held in such deep affection by
millions and millions of Americans.
Western civilization as we know it today owes the deepest debt and,
indeed, its very origins, to the Greek nation. Greek philosophy,
sculpture, and theater set standards to which today's practitioners
still aspire. And, as the cradle of democracy, Athens is the spiritual
ancestor of our own Republic. The history of Greek independence is one
of the inspiring stories of our time. It is the tale of the revival of
an ancient and great people through sheer commitment, sacrifice, and
love of freedom and heritage. Transmitted through the generations, the
ideals of the ancient Greeks inspired their revolutionary descendants
in the nineteenth century, and great and gallant stalwarts of the War
of Independence such as Theodore Kolokotronis and Rigas Velestinlis
wrote of their belief in the rights of man.
The histories of the United States and Greece have been intimately
intertwined ever since the beginning of modern Greek sovereignty. The
cause of Greek independence evoked sympathy throughout the Western
world. Well known is Lord Byron, whose uncompromising commitment to
Greece was epitomized by his declaration ``In for a penny, in for a
pound.'' Less renowned but no less committed were the many American
Philhellenes, who repaid their debt to Greek culture by crossing the
ocean to fight for Greek liberation. I am pleased that these American
citizens were honored with a monument in Athens 2 years ago.
Greek citizens also crossed the ocean in the other direction,
emigrating to the United States, where they enjoyed great success and
shared their prosperity with their kinfolk in their original homeland.
They have served as a bridge of understanding between our two nations,
and they have refreshed America with their spirit, their patriotism,
and their hard work. Today, some five million Americans claim Greek
ancestry, with understandable pride.
Greece is one of less than a handful of nations which has stood
shoulder-to-shoulder with the United States in every major war of the
20th century. Our close relations became even closer after World War
II. The Truman Doctrine helped save Greece from communism, indeed
helped save it for the Western world, and the Marshall plan helped in
its economic regeneration. In 1952, Greece joined NATO, formalizing the
deep, mutual commitment of Greece and the rest of the Western world to
protecting freedom.
In more recent times, Greece has been one of the world's amazing
success stories. A full-fledged member of the European Union for two
decades, Greece has become increasingly prosperous; it has whipped
chronic inflation and qualified to join the ``Euro currency zone.'' Its
once unsettled domestic politics has long since given way to an
incontestably stable, yet colorful, democracy.
Greece remains our critical strategic partner in today's post-cold
war world. We cooperate closely in promoting peace and stability in the
Balkans. Economic ties with Greece are vital to virtually every Balkan
state. Athens has been a firm supporter of inter-communal talks in
Cyprus, and it remains committed to a just, lasting, and democratic
settlement of the Cyprus issue. And I'm sure everybody in this body
applauds Greece's historic and courageous effort to resolve differences
with its neighbor Turkey.
Madam Speaker, I congratulate the Greek people on the 181st
anniversary of their independence and I join my colleagues in thanking
them for their vast contributions to world civilization and especially
to our Nation.
Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Madam Speaker, it is an honor today to join my
colleagues, Representatives Bilirakis and Maloney in celebrating Greek
Independence Day.
Much like the ruins of ancient Greece, the traditions and thoughts
this society brought to the world are still standing. On this day which
marks Greece's Independence, we celebrate the spirit of liberty and
self-determination as manifested in 1821 when Greece began a 7 year
struggle against the Ottoman empire, which led to the restoration of
democracy to the land of Aristotle and Plato.
Madam Speaker, as the first Olympic flame ignited in ancient Greece
spread the spirit of sportsmanship and friendship around the world for
centuries to come, Greece gave the world the tool with which to create
a more just and peaceful society that continues to spread across the
globe today--democracy. Hence, as the Olympic flame makes its way back
to Athens in 2004, we celebrate today, that 181 years ago, democracy
was returned to its birthplace continuing to make Greece a pillar of
liberty and civility for the world to look onto.
The tenants of rule of law, due process, and civil liberties were
philosophical notions in ancient society, which the modern world took,
developed and solidified in legal customs and traditions creating a
safer world for the oppressed. Artistotle spoke of democracy and said,
``If liberty and equality are chiefly to be found in democracy, they
will be best attained when all persons alike share in the government to
the utmost.'' It is this legacy of democracy which our forefathers
emulated for our young republic in its founding days.
It is not surprising to see an ever stronger partnership between the
United States and Greece in forging a commitment to democracy and
respect for every individual's inherent right to freedom around the
world. Greece was a strong ally of this country during World War II and
is a continual friend in NATO. Today, as the world once again joins
together to fight terror and oppression, the country of Greece has made
valuable contributions in terms of personnel and technical support for
his global effort.
Greece's commitment to peace and stability in the Aegean region can
be further noted through the continual leadership it has displayed in
helping shepherd along the current talks taking place in Cyprus.
Madam Speaker, the democratic heritage shared by the United States
and Greece make them formidable allies in the defense of democracy
around the world. It is with great joy that I stand here today and join
the Greek Community in celebrating their Day of Independence.
Mr. COYNE. Madam Speaker, I rise today to join in this special order
commemorating Greek Independence Day.
At the time of the American Revolution, most of Greece was part of
the Ottoman Empire. At that time, Greece had been under Ottoman rule
for 400 years. Some Greeks held positions in the Ottoman government,
and Greek merchants throughout the empire were active and successful,
but the Greek people were unwilling subjects of the Ottomans. Greek
Orthodox Christians were a religious minority within the empire, and
were subject to discrimination on that basis. Moreover, the Ottoman
Empire had begun the long, slow period of decline that would end in its
disintegration in the wake of World War I. The Ottoman government was
becoming increasingly characterized by corruption and violent
oppression.
In the late 1700s and early 1800s, the Greek people developed a
national identity. Many Greeks began to come into greater contact with
Western Europeans, and through these contacts they gained exposure to
the ideas of liberty and self-government that had been developed in
ancient Greece and revived in modern times by the French and American
revolutions. The development of a vision of an independent Greek nation
at that time was due in no small part to the interaction of these
radical ideas with the increasing depredations of the Ottoman
government.
In March of 1821, Greek patriots rebelled against the Ottomans. The
rebellion lasted for eight tumultuous years, but the Greek people
persevered in their uphill struggle.
The Greeks' heroic struggle inspired support from people in Western
Europe and the United States. Many people in these countries developed
an interest in Greek culture, architecture, and history. Europeans and
Americans identified with the Greek people because of the ancient
Greece's legacy as the cradle of democracy. A number of private
citizens like Lord Byron were so inspired by the Greeks' fight for
freedom that they actually traveled to Greece and risked their lives to
support this revolution. Many of the people of Europe pressured their
governments to intervene on the side of the Greeks, and as a result, in
1826 Great Britain and Russia agreed to work to secure Greek
independence. France allied itself with these states the following
year. Foreign assistance helped turn the tide, and in 1829 the Ottoman
Empire signed a treaty recognizing Greece as an autonomous state.
Madam Speaker, it is important that we recognize the courage and
heroism of these early Greek patriots, who fought and died for the same
principles of freedom that inspired our forefathers to rebel against
Great Britain. I am pleased to join our country's many Greek-American
citizens in observing this very special day.
Mr. SWEENEY. Madam Speaker, I rise in support of celebrating March
25, 2002, as Greek Independence Day. The ancient Greeks developed the
concept of democracy, in which the supreme power to govern was vested
in the people. The Founding Fathers of the United States drew heavily
on the political experience and philosophy of ancient Greece in forming
our representative democracy.
Greece is one of only three nations in the world, beyond the former
British Empire, that
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has been allied with the United States in every major international
conflict in the twentieth century. Greece played a major role in the
World War II struggle to protect freedom and democracy through such
bravery as was shown in the historic Battle of Crete and in Greece
presenting the Axis land war with its first major setback, which set
off a chain of events that significantly affected the outcome of World
War II.
Greece and the United States are at the forefront of the effort for
freedom, democracy, peace, stability, and human rights. Those and other
ideals have forged a close bond between our two nations and their
peoples.
March 25, 2001, marks the 180th anniversary of the beginning of the
revolution that freed the Greek people from the Ottoman Empire and it
is proper and desirable to celebrate with the Greek people and to
reaffirm the democratic principles from which our two great nations
were born.
Mr. HOLT. Madam Speaker, today I rise to honor the Greek people and
their successful struggle for independence from Ottoman occupation that
began nearly 181 years ago. Greek Independence Day has special symbolic
resonance for Americans. Our forefathers founded our democratic system
of government on the principles of popular representation introduced to
this world by the ancient Athenians.
Our word democracy is, in fact, of Greek derivation and literally
translates as people (``demo'') rule (``kratos''). The ancient Greek
experiment with democracy, however, was a visionary aberration that was
centuries ahead of its time. Democracy did not last long in Ancient
Greece as the fist of empires--Romans, Byzantine, and Ottoman--silenced
democratic yearnings for nearly two millennia.
Although democracy temporarily disappeared, the Greeks continued to
thrive and prosper. As the Roman Empire expanded in the early centuries
after the birth of Christ, the Greek peoples dominated the eastern half
of the Roman Empire, known as Byzantium, and it was in the Greek city
of Constantinople where the Roman emperor Constantine converted himself
and the entire Roman Empire to Christianty.
Upon the fall of Rome in 476 AD, the Greek-led Byzantine Empire
emerged as a potent force in the world and the protectorate of
Christian Orthodoxy. The Greeks remained strong and independent until
the Central Asian Ottomans crushed the Byzantine armies and conquered
the spiritual capital of the Byzantine world at Constantinople in 1453.
The victory of the Ottomans cast the Greek speaking peoples into more
than 400 years of occupation. But even while under the yoke of Ottoman
rule, the Greeks were an impressive force. As successful and educated
merchants, they dominated the Ottoman middle class and were the
backbone of the Ottoman economy.
Still, the Greeks were not meant to be subject peoples and they began
to oppose the imperial policies of the Ottoman government. Greeks, many
of whom were educated in the universities of the West, began to adopt
revolutionary ideas from France, Great Britain, and the United States.
The concept of the nation-state, self-determination, and liberal
democracy found their ways into the Greek villages and cities from
Athens to Constantinople.
On March 25, 1821, Greek patriots from the southern tip of the
Peloponnese to the northern outskirts of Macedonia finally rebuked the
yoke of the Ottomans and declared the independence of the Greek people
from subjugation. At first, the Hellenic fighters met with violent
failure, but their just cause ignited the imaginations of their people
and of scores of Western philhellenes, such as the English poet Lord
Byron, who left their homelands to fight and die with the Greeks for
their liberation.
The United States was never far from the minds of the revolutionary
Greeks, nor was the struggle of the Greeks unnoticed by Americans. As
Greek revolutionary commander Petros Mavromichalis, one of the founders
of the modern Greek state, said to the citizens of the United States in
1821, ``It is in your land that liberty has fixed her abode and . . .
in imitating you, we shall imitate our ancestors and be thought worthy
of them if we succeed in resembling you.''
By 1833, the Greeks had secured independence and with it a place in
history as the first of the subjugated peoples in Europe to overthrow
their Ottoman masters.
As the Greek nation developed and grew, it emerged as a stalwart ally
of the United States. The Greek people fought alongside the American
and Allied forces in both of the world wars of the twentieth century.
The Greeks again took up arms against their Ottoman foes in the First
World War and then handed the Axis powers their first defeat in World
War II when the Greek army pushed back the forces of Mussolini. Soon
after, however, they would suffer through a long and painful Nazi
occupation.
After World War II, Greece became an instrumental member of the NATO
alliance. Greece's strategic location made it a vital buffer between
the Western Democratic world and Soviet Communism.
Over the last 30 years, Greece has made major strides forward for its
people. In 1974, Konstantine Karamanlis finally restored democracy to
Greece, bringing representative government back to its birthplace.
Greece became a member of the European Community and then the powerful
European Union.
Today, Greece continues to move in the right direction thanks to the
enlightened leadership of Prime Minister Costas Simitis. He and Foreign
Minister George Papandreou are working with their Turkish counterparts
to end generations of strained relations between Turkey and Greece.
Economically, Greece is prospering and recently became a member of the
European Monetary Union. In 2004, Greeks will display their successes
to the world when they host the Olympics, another Greek invention, in
Athens.
Strategically, Greece remains important. It is a force of stability
in the volatile Balkans where it continues to promote open markets and
democracy. The Greek government is also united with the United States
in its war on terrorism. Greece has sent a troop contingent to
participate in the international force in Afghanistan and has allowed
U.S. aircraft use of its airspace and its airbases.
I cannot overstate the importance of strong ties between Greece and
the United States. As an American citizen who believes firmly in the
principles of democracy and as a representative of thousands of Greek-
Americans that live in Central New Jersey, I rise today in humble
recognition of Greek Independence Day.
Mr. KNOLLENBERG. Madam Speaker, I rise today to celebrate the 181st
anniversary of Greek independence. One hundred and eighty one years
ago, after nearly 400 years of oppression under the Ottoman Empire, the
courage and commitment to freedom of the Greek people prevailed in a
revolution for independence. It is an honor today to celebrate Greek
Independence Day in the House of Representatives.
Greece and the Greek people have made remarkable contributions to the
United States and societies throughout the world. The achievements of
Greek civilization in art, architecture, science, philosophy,
mathematics, and literature have become legacies for nations across the
globe. In addition, and most importantly, the Greek commitment to
freedom and the birth of democracy remains an essential contribution
for which we as Americans are eternally grateful.
Greek civilization has inspired the American passion for truth,
justice, and the rule of law by the will of the people. The forefathers
or our Nation recognized the spirit and idealism of ancient Greece when
fighting for American independence and drafting our Constitution.
Forty-five years after our own revolution for independence, this
tradition and commitment to freedom was carried forward by the Greek
people through their successful revolutionary struggle for sovereignty.
Greek Americans can take pride today in the contributions of Greek
culture and in their ancestors' sacrifice. The effects of the vibrant
Greek people can be witnessed throughout the United States in our
government, culture, and economy, as well as in our commitment to
freedom and democracy throughout the world. We, as Americans, are
grateful for these gifts.
Madam Speaker, it is important for us to recognize and celebrate this
day together with Greece to reaffirm our common democratic heritage. I
am proud to join in this celebration and offer my congratulations to
Greece and Greeks throughout the world on this very special day.
Mr. CROWLEY. Madam Speaker, it is with great pleasure that I offer my
congratulations to the Hellenic Republic on the 181st anniversary of
its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
Two and a half millennia ago, Greek philosophers and politicians
developed the democratic ideals that inspired our Founding Fathers and
became the foundation for the American political system. Greek thinkers
made discoveries that for thousands of years helped advance the world's
knowledge of science, medicine, mathematics, and astronomy. Greek drama
and poetry became the model, in many ways, for much of Western
literature. The list of Greek contributions to world culture is
endless.
After freeing itself from foreign domination, including nearly 400
years under Ottoman rule and occupation by Nazi Germany, Greece is once
again a fierce proponent of freedom and democracy. It is a key NATO
ally, a partner in the war against terrorism, a critical contributor to
stability in the Balkans, and a participant in the International
Security Assistance Force that is working to bring peace and stability
to Afghanistan. Greek military observers and police serve in United
Nations Peacekeeping missions on the Iraq-Kuwait border, on the
Ethiopia-Eritrea border, and in Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Republic of
Georgia. The democratic ideals of ancient Greece continue to thrive in
the Hellenic Republic today.
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The 3 million Americans of Greek descent have made critical
contributions to American business, culture, education, art, and
politics and helped ensure the success of this great nation.
Madam Speaker, my fellow colleagues, please join in congratulating
the Greek government and our fellow Americans of Greek heritage as they
celebrate the 181st anniversary of Greek independence.
Mr. ROTHMAN. Madam Speaker, I rise today to pay tribute to Greek
Independence Day.
In this year following the horrific terrorist attacks on our Nation,
in which our democratic society has been challenged like never before,
it is important that we join together and honor the ideals that embody
Greek Independence Day. On this 181st anniversary of the decision by
the Greek people to rise up against the Ottoman Empire and live freely,
we celebrate democracy, a common bond that the United States shares
with Greece.
For the thousands of Greek-Americans that I represent, Greek
Independence Day celebrates the sacrifice made by their family members,
friends, and fellow countrymen. The decision by the Greeks to govern
themselves was a courageous action, and we honor the spirit of those
who lost their lives in this quest for freedom. This spirit will be on
display for all the world to see when Athens hosts the Olympic Games in
2004.
During this celebration of Greek Independence, Congress memorializes
the sacrifice of a generation of Greeks so that freedom and
independence could be secured for the Greek people. America is involved
in a similar struggle now. As we continue our struggle based on our
love of democracy, freedom, rule of law, tolerance and justice, we draw
strength and inspiration from the Greek people who shed blood and tears
in their struggle for independence.
Today, we honor the just cause that the Greek people fought for in
1829, and I join my colleagues in recognition of this special
anniversary and the strong U.S.-Greece relationship.
Mr. ACKERMAN. Madam Speaker, I am honored to rise today to salute the
nation of Greece and celebrate the 181st anniversary of Greek
independence from the Ottoman Empire. This great day in Greek history
commemorates the successful struggle of the Greek people for national
sovereignty.
The Ancient Greeks forged the notion of democracy, something for
which the United States and the rest of the world will always be
thankful. Indeed, we owe Greece the inspiration for our own democratic
form of government. As Thomas Jefferson pointed out, Greece is ``the
light which led ourselves out of Gothic darkness''. I think it is safe
to say that the Founders of both Greece and the United States would be
proud of the tremendous achievements of both nations.
Throughout the past 181 years, there have been repeated challenges to
the independence of Greece, yet its people have stridently fought to
maintain both their democracy and their independence. The United States
and its people have been proud to stand by her and provide strength,
assistance and friendship to overcome those struggles. Greeks across
the United States and throughout the world have much to celebrate on
this great day of independence.
Today, the United States shares many common threads with Greece,
including commitments to democracy, peace and human rights. Greece has
sent us her sons and daughters in past generations, helping us to build
our proud nation. We will not forget the fierce resistance with which
Greece opposed the Axis powers in World War Two, nor their equally
staunch resistance to the expansion of communism in the war's immediate
aftermath. Greece has been one of our strongest allies ever since. For
nearly 5 decades now Greece has been a key NATO member, helping to
stabilize its area of the Mediterranean. Since Greece and the United
States share many interests and many values, the celebration of the
181st Anniversary of Greek Independence gives us the opportunity to
call for an even closer collaboration between both our countries.
Madam Speaker, I am pleased to have this opportunity to celebrate
once again Greek culture and to toast the Greek people. It is an honor
to rise and commemorate the 181st Greek Independence Day. On this day
we celebrate more than just Greece's independence, we celebrate Greece
as a nation and as a friend.
Mr. McNULTY. Madam Speaker, the American people join with the people
of Greece in celebrating the 181st Anniversary of the revolution that
freed the Greek people from the Ottoman Empire.
The bedrock of our close relationship with Greece is our mutual
devotion to freedom and democracy and our unshakable determination to
fight, if need be, to protect these rights.
Greek philosophers and political leaders--Cleisthenes and Pericles
and their successors--had great influence upon America's Founding
Fathers in their creation of these United States.
We, as a nation, owe a great debt to Greece. Greece is the birthplace
of democracy, as we know it.
Thomas Jefferson said, ``To the ancient Greeks, we are all indebted
for the light which led ourselves (American colonists) out of Gothic
darkness.''
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 were an attack on
democracy and freedom--not just against our people, but also against
all freedom-living people everywhere in the world. The Greek people
understand this.
I congratulate the people of Greece and wish them a Happy National
Birthday.
Mr. WOLF. Madam Speaker, I want to congratulate the Greek people on
the 181st anniversary of Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire.
The thoughts and ideas emanating from the Greek Isles have had a
profound influence on the world. Ancient Greece's embrace of democracy,
contributions in philosophy, spirit of athletic competition, and fierce
adherence to freedom have shaped America in deep and significant ways.
America would not be the country it is without the remarkable influence
of Greece.
Again, I congratulate the Greek people on their country's day of
independence and hope for many, many years in which freedom and
democracy reign throughout Greece.
Ms. HARMAN. Madam Speaker, today, as Greece celebrates its 181st
anniversary of its struggle for independence, I join my colleagues in
congratulating the people of Greece and Greek-Americans, many of whom I
am proud to call constituents.
When we celebrate Greek Independence Day, we celebrate the fight for
freedom. Ancient Greece was the world's first democracy. With modern
Greece, it stands as an example to people around the world of
overcoming tyranny.
Since its war of independence, Greece has been a strong ally to the
United States. In turn, the U.S. has opened its heart to multitudes of
Greek immigrants. The contributions of the Greek community in the
United States are immeasurable.
The strong relationship between Greece and the United States is
steeped in culture, history, and philosophy and remains of critical
importance. Since September 11, Greece shared in our loss--21 of its
citizens died at the World Trade Center--and has stepped up its efforts
to combat terrorism at home and abroad. Equally important is Greece's
membership in NATO, and its role in ensuring the security of Europe's
southern flank.
I remain committed to strengthening U.S.-Greek ties, and to working
on issues of interest to the Greek American community, including a
permanent solution in Cyprus.
I thank my colleagues, Mr. Bilirakis, for organizing this special
order to highlight the important contributions of Greece to our
country.
Mr. PAYNE. Madam Speaker, I rise today, as a member of the Human
Rights Subcommittee, to join in commemorating the 181st Anniversary of
the revolution that freed the Greek people from the Ottoman empire.
I congratulate Greece on celebrating its 181st anniversary. The Greek
people have much to be proud of.
As a senior member of the International Relations Committee, I have
long been involved in, and have followed issues affecting the Greek-
American community.
I am aware that Greece achieved its independence from the Ottoman
Empire in 1829.
During the second half of the 19th century, and the first half of the
20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories
with Greek-speaking populations.
Following the defeat of communist rebels in 1949, Greece joined NATO
in 1952. A military dictatorship, which in 1967 suspended many
political liberties and forced the king to flee the country, lasted
seven years.
Democratic elections in 1974 and a referendum created a parliamentary
republic, and abolished the monarchy.
Greece joined the European Community or EC is 1981 (which became the
EU in 1992).
I originally introduced a bill in March 2000, calling for the return
of the Parthenon Marbles to their rightful home in Greece.
I am re-introducing that same bill tonight.
Madam Speaker, I strongly urge my colleagues to join me in
congratulating the Greek people in their celebration of democracy. Once
again, congratulations on your 181st anniversary celebration!
Mr. KIRK. Madam Speaker, I rise today to commemorate the 181st
anniversary of the revolution that earned the independence of the Greek
people from the Ottoman Empire. Nearly 400 years ago, after the fall of
Constantinople, Bishop Germanos of Patras raised the Greek flag at Agia
Lavras, sparking a powerful revolution against the Ottoman oppressors.
Following the triumphs of 1821, Greece continued to prove itself as a
loyal ally of the United States and an internationally recognized
advocate of democracy. Greece is one of only three nations in the world
beyond those of the former British Empire to be allied
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with the United States in every major international conflict of the
20th century. In the Balkans, Greece has played a steady hand of
democracy in the face of regional unrest and instability.
Now, in the wake of September 11, Greece again stands firm with the
United States. Our efforts in the war against terror would not be as
successful without the continued assistance from our allies in Greece.
Greece's role as a stable democracy and key NATO ally is critical as
the international community fights against global terrorism.
On this special occasion, I commend and thank the Greek people for
their spirit and their ongoing pursuit of peace. To Greece, a free and
democratic ally: ``Cronia polla hellas''.
Mr. PALLONE. Madam Speaker, on March 25th, Greece celebrates its
181st year of independence. I am here tonight to praise a society that
represents, in a historical sense, the origins of what we call Western
culture, and, in a contemporary sense, one of the staunchest defenders
of Western society and values. There are many of us in Congress, on
both sides of the spectrum, who are staunchly committed to preserving
and strengthening the ties between Greek and American people. I would
particularly like to thank the co-chairs of the Hellenic Caucus,
Congressman Bilirakis from Florida, and Congresswoman Maloney from New
York for their fine leadership and their tireless efforts to strengthen
the ties between our two countries.
Just two years after the Greek people began the revolution that would
lead to their freedom, one of our predecessors in this Chamber,
Massachusetts Congressman Daniel Webster, referring to the 400 years
during which the Greeks were ruled by the Ottoman Empire, observed,
``These Greek people, a people of intelligence, ingenuity, refinement,
spirit, and enterprise, have been for centuries under the atrocious and
unparalleled Tartarian barbarism that ever opposed the human race.''
The words Congressman Webster chose then to describe the Greek
people--intelligence, ingenuity, refinement, spirit, and enterprise--
are as apt today as they have ever been.
In the years since, Americans and Greeks have grown ever closer,
bound by ties of strategic and military alliance, common values of
democracy, individual freedom, human rights, and close personal
friendship.
The qualities exhibited by the nation of Greece, Madam Speaker, are a
reflection of the strong character and values of its individual
citizens. The United States has been greatly enriched as many sons and
daughters of Greece made a new life in America. They, and their
children and grandchildren, have enriched our country in countless
ways, contributing to our cultural, professional, commercial, academic,
and political life.
The timeless values of Greek culture have endured for centuries,
indeed for millennia. As Daniel Webster noted, 400 years of control by
the Ottoman Empire could not overcome the Greek people's determination
to be free. But, I regret to say, Madam Speaker, to this day, the Greek
people must battle against oppression. For almost 27 years now, Greece
has stood firm in its determination to bring freedom and independence
to the illegally occupied nation of Cyprus.
Given instability around the world, now is a good time to heal the
wound in Cyprus that has poisoned the relations between Greece and
Turkey for so many years.
I am concerned, however, that Turkey is once again not negotiating in
good faith. Over the years, I have become quite familiar with the
Turkish side's well-known negotiation tactics. The Turkish side agrees
to peace negotiations on the Cyprus problem only for the purpose of
undermining them once they begin and then blames the Greek Cypriots for
their failure.
The time has come for Denktash to realize his demands for recognition
of a separate state are not acceptable. The framework has already been
laid by the United Nations Security Council's Resolutions establishing
a bizonal, bicommunal federation with one single international
personality and one single citizenship.
Like their forefathers who were under the control of a hostile
foreign power for four centuries, the Cypriot people hold fast in
defiance of their Turkish aggressors with every confidence that they
will again be a sovereign nation. They will. And the United States will
be by their side in both the fight to secure that freedom and the
celebration to mark the day when it finally arrives.
I will continue to work with my colleagues here in Congress to ensure
that the United States government remains on the right side of this
issue--because there is no gray area when it comes to this conflict.
In closing I want to congratulate the Greek people for 181 years of
independence and thank them for their contributions to American life.
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