[Congressional Record Volume 148, Number 9 (Thursday, February 7, 2002)]
[House]
[Pages H206-H215]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




              CYBER SECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT

  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Shimkus). Pursuant to House Resolution 
343 and rule XVIII, the Chair declares the House in the Committee of 
the Whole House on the State of the Union for the consideration of the 
bill, H.R. 3394.

                              {time}  1048


                     In the Committee of the Whole

  Accordingly, the House resolved itself into the Committee of the 
Whole House on the State of the Union for the consideration of the bill 
(H.R. 3394) to authorize funding for computer and network security 
research and development and research fellowship programs, and for 
other purposes, with Mr. Sununu in the chair.
  The Clerk read the title of the bill.
  The CHAIRMAN. Pursuant to the rule, the bill is considered as having 
been read the first time.
  Under the rule, the gentleman from New York (Mr. Boehlert) and the 
gentleman from Texas (Mr. Hall) each will control 30 minutes.
  The Chair recognizes the gentleman from New York (Mr. Boehlert).


                             General Leave

  Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that all Members 
may have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend their 
remarks and to include extraneous material on H.R. 3394.
  The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from 
New York?
  There was no objection.
  Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  Mr. Chairman, I am honored to bring H.R. 3349, The Cyber Security 
Research and Development Act, before the House. Like other 
congressional responses to terrorism, this is a bipartisan bill. I want 
especially to thank our ranking minority member, the gentleman from 
Texas (Mr. Hall), who joined me in introducing this bill; the gentleman 
from Washington (Mr. Baird), whose own legislation is incorporated in 
H.R. 3394; the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Smith) and the gentleman 
from Michigan (Dr. Ehlers) who chair the subcommittee with jurisdiction 
over this bill, and their ranking members, the gentlewoman from Texas 
(Ms. Johnson) and the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Barcia).
  Also, I would be remiss if I did not thank Dr. Bill Wulf, the 
president of the National Academy of Engineering and one of the 
Nation's leading computer scientists, whose ideas were the inspiration 
for so much of this legislation.
  I am convinced that over time H.R. 3394 will come to be seen as a 
fundamental turning point in the Nation's approach to cybersecurity. 
This bill is the equivalent of legislation the Congress passed in the 
wake of the Sputnik launch in the late 1950s.
  We will recall that the unexpected Soviet launch of the Sputnik 
forced us to focus on the Nation's deficiencies in science and led us 
to pass breathtaking, and, it turned out, overwhelmingly effective 
legislation to improve

[[Page H207]]

the Nation's ability to conduct research and educate students.
  Similarly, the attacks of September 11 have turned our attention to 
the Nation's weaknesses, and, again, we find our capacity to conduct 
research and to educate will have to be enhanced if we are to counter 
our foes over the long run. No less than the Cold War, the war against 
terrorism will have to be waged in the laboratory as well as on the 
battlefield.
  And I would add that I am pleased that the Committee on Science, 
which was created in response to the Sputnik launch, will help lead the 
effort to ensure our Nation's laboratories are up to the challenge.
  One of the most critical problems our Nation's researchers need to 
focus on is how to protect our Nation's computers systems and networks 
from attack. For a while, most Americans have been focused exclusively 
on the hijackings and the bombings and bioterrorism. The experts tell 
us that the Nation is also profoundly at risk from cyber terrorism. 
That is a new word that has entered our vocabulary, unfortunately, but 
it is one we have to be constantly aware of, and we have to prepare.
  In an era when virtually all the tools of our daily lives are 
connected to and rely upon computer networks, a cyberattack could knock 
out electricity, drinking water and sewage systems, financial 
institutions, assembly lines and communications, and that is just 
naming a few. We must improve our ability to respond to these threats, 
and our response must go beyond immediate defensive measures. That is 
not good enough.
  We need to conduct the research and development necessary to make 
computers and networks much harder to break into and much less subject 
to damage when they are violated. That will require a focused, well-
funded research and development effort in cybersecurity, something we 
are sorely lacking now.
  In fact, expert witnesses at our Committee on Science hearings have 
described the current state of cyber security research as woefully 
underfunded, understaffed, timid, unimaginative and leaderless. That is 
not good enough. H.R. 3394 will change all of that.
  Our bill capitalizes on the expertise of two well-run Federal 
agencies with historic links to both academia and industry necessary to 
jump-start our cybersecurity efforts.

  Under the bill the National Science Foundation will fund the creation 
of new cybersecurity research centers, undergraduate and master's 
degree programs and graduate fellowships. The National Institute of 
Standards and Technology will create new program grant for partnerships 
between academia and industry, new postdoctoral fellowships and a new 
program to encourage senior researchers in other fields to work on 
computer security.
  The result over the next several years will be to promote new 
research that produces innovative, creative approaches to computer 
security, to draw more researchers into the field, and to develop a 
cadre of students who will become the next generation of cybersecurity 
researchers.
  This approach is measured and targeted, and it will be successful. As 
with the programs that were created in response to Sputnik, the 
programs in H.R. 3394 will ensure that we make the long-term investment 
in research and students needed to develop the tools that will protect 
us from cyberattacks.
  I want to emphasize, Mr. Chairman, that this bill will provide 
funding for a wide range of research, a range far larger even than the 
illustrative list that is even in the legislation. For example, 
research would include work on firewall and antivirus technology, 
vulnerability assessment, operations and control systems management, 
and management of the interoperable digital certificates.
  I also want to note that in addition to providing funding and 
programming, this bill provides Federal leadership. The National 
Science Foundation will have the responsibility of making sure that the 
Nation's overall research and education enterprise is producing the 
knowledge in students we need to combat cyberterrorism.
  I have been asked by some, ``Cannot the private sector just take care 
of this?'' Unfortunately, the answer is a resounding no. Even after 
September 11, the private sector has little incentive to invest heavily 
in cybersecurity because the market is more concerned with speed and 
convenience. That is not my personal conclusion, that is what the 
industry leaders in cybersecurity have said in testimony before our 
committee.
  In addition, we need to invest in our universities which will work 
with private industry to do the basic research needed to come up with 
radically new approaches to protecting our computer systems and to 
attract the students who will keep the field healthy in the future.
  That is why H.R. 3394 is endorsed by leading industry groups 
including the National Association of Manufacturers, and the 
Information Technology Association of America, as well as a wide range 
of groups representing educational institutions.
  The bill, I am pleased to report, is also supported by the 
administration, which provided much guidance as H.R. 3394 moved through 
our committee.
  So I urge my colleagues to follow the lead of the Committee on 
Science, which approved this bill without dissent. Years from now we 
will see H.R. 3394 as the measure that galvanized the Federal 
Government, industry and academia into eliminating the cybersecurity 
weaknesses that today threaten our economy and our basic public 
services. I urge support for this important bill.
  Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. HALL of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  (Mr. HALL of Texas asked and was given permission to revise and 
extend his remarks.)
  Mr. HALL of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the Cyber 
Security Research and Development Act. It is a bill that committee has 
worked in a bipartisan manner, and I think it fills a very important 
gap in current information technology research programs, namely the 
need for improved security for our computers and digital communication 
networks.
  I, of course, congratulate and thank the Committee on Science 
chairman, the gentleman from New York (Mr. Boehlert). He has done a 
very good job of laying out the thrust of the bill, and I also thank 
him for his leadership and thank him for working so closely with me and 
with others on our side of the dock to bring this bill to this stage.
  I also want to acknowledge the work of my colleague, the gentleman 
from Washington (Mr. Baird), a clinical psychologist before he came to 
the Congress, a man that has unusual ability and is knowledgeable about 
research and development. Actually, it was a provision pertaining to 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, his provisions that 
originated in his bill, that we have used in this bill.
  Many systems that are vital to the Nation such as electric power 
grids, transportation and financial services, all of these rely on the 
transfer of information through computer networks.

                              {time}  1100

  The trend in recent years of interconnecting computer networks has 
had some unintended consequences, one of them being making access of 
these very critical systems easier for criminals and actually 
potentially easier for terrorists, and that is something that we are 
very aware of today.
  As a result, there have been an increased number of assaults on 
network systems. Computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers, and 
electronic identification theft have become more common. The events of 
last fall, as the chairman stated, have made us all realize just how 
vulnerable we are to attack, and we now understand that we have to 
enhance the protection of the Nation's physical and electronic 
infrastructure.
  Mr. Chairman, H.R. 3394 establishes substantial new research programs 
also at the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology. The goal of both of these multiyear programs 
is not only to advance computer security research but also to expand 
the community of computer security researchers.
  These programs will support graduate students. They will support 
post-doctoral researchers and senior researchers while encouraging 
stronger ties between universities and industry.
  The key to ensure information security for the long term is to 
establish a

[[Page H208]]

vigorous and creative basic research effort focused on the security of 
networked information systems. H.R. 3394 will make a major contribution 
toward accomplishing this goal.
  Mr. Chairman, I commend this measure to my colleagues and ask for 
their support and ask for its passage by this House.
  Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to yield 3 minutes to the 
distinguished gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Smith), who is the chairman 
of the Subcommittee on Research of the Committee on Science and has 
been a leader in this overall effort.
  Mr. SMITH of Michigan. Mr. Chairman, we learned from the September 11 
attack and from the information gathered in Afghanistan to expect the 
unexpected.
  Part of the new commitment to homeland security is improving the 
security of our Nation's computer and networking infrastructure. In the 
past decade this networking has been firmly embedded in our economy, 
and we have become more dependent on these technologies. Whether it is 
delivering agricultural products or supporting banking and financial 
markets, moving electricity along interconnected grids, providing 
government services or maintaining our national defense, we have become 
dependent on computer networks for our economic and national security.
  The networks I think also are a potent symbol of our open society and 
free markets which thrive on the uninhibited flow of information. 
However, the technological advancement in computers and software and 
the networking and information technology which is a bill, H.R. 3400, 
which is coming before this body in the next several weeks, the 
potential threat of cyberattack is real and growing. Terrorists will 
always probe for our weakest points, so we must remain vigilant and 
confront these new realities.
  As we become even more dependent on computer networks and as 
terrorists become more technologically sophisticated, we should 
anticipate the possibility of attacks launched on cyberspace.
  Computer viruses, computer hackers, electronic identification theft 
are just a few of the new challenges we face. What is needed is this 
bill, which moves us into a comprehensive plan to address the growing 
linkages between national security and cybersecurity. We need to engage 
the best minds in America to make us immune from these kinds of 
attacks.
  H.R. 3394 does just that. It authorizes research programs at the 
National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology to decrease the vulnerability of our computer systems and 
address emergency problems related to computer networking and 
infrastructure.
  Mr. Chairman, I think it is very important that we have coordination 
among all government agencies in this effort, especially the military 
complex, if we are to be efficient, effective and if we are to succeed.
  We need this kind of legislation to move ahead; and I just want to 
commend the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Hall), and certainly our 
chairman, for the inspiration to timely move this bill forward; and I 
urge all my colleagues to support it.
  Mr. HALL of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I yield the balance of my time to 
the gentleman from Washington (Mr. Baird), for purposes of control.
  The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the gentleman from Washington (Mr. 
Baird) will control the time.
  There was no objection.
  Mr. BAIRD. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  I would like to begin by commending and thanking the gentleman from 
New York (Mr. Boehlert) and the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Hall) for 
their leadership on this matter. I am tremendously honored that they 
have chosen to include my computer security bill, which establishes a 
research and development program on computer and network security 
grants to the National Institute of Standards and Technology in today's 
bill.
  The chairman's legislation will address long-term needs in securing 
the Nation's information infrastructure as well as securing or 
strengthening the security of the nonclassified computer systems of 
Federal agencies.
  Because of September 11, focus and attention has been focused in an 
unprecedented way on increasing our security against terrorism. Today, 
security has to mean more than locking doors and installing metal 
detectors. In addition to physical security, virtual systems that are 
vital to the Nation's economy must be protected. Telecommunications and 
computer technologies are vulnerable to attack from far away by enemies 
who can remain anonymous, hidden in the vast maze of the Internet. 
Examples of systems that rely on computer networks include the electric 
power grid, rail networks, and financial transaction networks.
  I should commend the gentleman from New York (Mr. Boehlert), 
particularly, and former chair of the committee, the gentlewoman from 
Maryland (Mrs. Morella), for their foresight in this because prior to 
September 11 they had both had the foresight to conduct numerous 
hearings on the issue of computer security. It is that kind of forward 
thinking that we need and now in the post-September 11 time have the 
opportunity to implement some of these measures that came forward in 
those hearings.
  The vulnerability of the Internet computer viruses, denial of service 
attacks and defaced Web sites is well-known to the general public. Such 
widely reported and indeed widely experienced events have increased in 
frequency over time. These attacks disrupt business and government 
activities, sometimes resulting in significant recovery costs. We have 
yet to face a catastrophic cyberattack thus far; but Richard Clarke, 
the President's new terrorism czar, has said that the government must 
make cybersecurity a priority or we face the possibility of what he 
termed a ``digital Pearl Harbor.''
  Potentially vulnerable computer systems are largely owned and 
operated by the private sector, but the government has an important 
role in supporting the research and development activities that will 
provide the tools for protecting information systems. An essential 
component for ensuring improved information security is a vigorous and 
creative basic research effort focused on the security of networked 
information systems.
  Witnesses at our Committee on Science hearings last year noted the 
anemic level of funding for research on computer and network security. 
Such lack of funding has resulted in the lack of a critical mass of 
researchers in the field and has severely limited the focus of 
research. The witnesses at the hearings advocated increased and 
sustained research funding from the Federal Government to support both 
expanded training and research on a long-term basis.
  The chairman's bill will provide the resources necessary to ensure 
the security of business networks and the safety of America's computer 
infrastructure. I would like to thank the staff of the Committee on 
Science for their good work on this, as well as my own staff member, 
Brooke Jamison. I would urge all Members to support this important 
measure.
  Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of my time.
  Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to yield 3 minutes to the 
distinguished gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Ehlers), a scientist in his 
own right and a legislator of the first order. He is the chair of our 
key Subcommittee on Environment, Technology and Standards; and I am 
pleased to yield the time to him.
  (Mr. EHLERS asked and was given permission to revise and extend his 
remarks.)
  Mr. EHLERS. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate this opportunity to rise in 
support of H.R. 3394, a piece of legislation that is badly needed.
  Most of the citizens of this land do not understand the broad 
dimensions of the problems of cybersecurity. I was privileged a few 
years ago to write a report for the cybersecurity of NATO parliamentary 
assembly but which was under the chairmanship of the gentleman from New 
York (Mr. Boehlert) at that time, and it was a real eye-opener to look 
into all of the dimensions of cybersecurity, both hardware and 
software.
  On the hardware end, we are extremely vulnerable as a Nation in many 
ways, particularly to a high-level nuclear explosion, which would 
probably have no direct casualties but

[[Page H209]]

could wipe out most of the computers and microprocessors in this 
Nation.
  This bill addresses primarily the other dimension of security and 
that is the software problem. We have been very fortunate as a Nation 
that most of the breaches of security that have taken place so far have 
been caused by hackers, pranksters and petty thieves; but we are 
extremely vulnerable in many other ways due to the proliferation of 
computers in our country, and I am not referring just to the 
proliferation of microprocessors which have essentially invaded our 
homes, our businesses in numerous quantities. They are vulnerable in 
different ways; but any time one attaches a computer to a network, they 
are vulnerable to activities that take place on that network.
  We have gained tremendously as a Nation through the use of computers 
and networks, but we have not taken account of the tremendous 
opportunities for breaches of security. It is essential that we train 
our people to deal with these; but above all, we must begin by doing 
more research in how we can deal with breaches of security. We know so 
little about it that we are at a disadvantage and we are at the mercy 
of the hackers, the pranksters, the thieves and, indeed, of other 
countries.
  It is essential that this bill pass; that we begin the process of 
developing a superstructure and an infrastructure to deal with 
cybersecurity. We need more research. We need more scholars. We need 
more researchers, and we need more people who are capable of dealing 
directly with problems that occur.
  We have heard mention of the electric grid and other such things as 
this; but it can appear in much more minor ways, simply denial of 
service which costs our economy billions of dollars each year. 
Recently, I had a call from someone who had received an e-mail sent by 
way of a government department's computer. A hacker had gotten into 
that computer and used this government's agency computer to send out 
millions of e-mails to prevent service from major entities in this 
country.
  So I urge that we join together and we pass this bill and also be 
sure to alert the American public of the nature of cyberterrorism, 
cyberinsecurity and that we deal with this problem.
  Mr. BAIRD. Mr. Chairman, I reserve my time.
  The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the gentlewoman from Maryland (Mrs. 
Morella) will control the majority's time.
  There was no objection.
  Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, I am pleased to yield 2\1/2\ minutes to 
the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Weller).
  Mr. WELLER. Mr. Chairman, I come to the floor and first want to 
commend the gentleman from New York (Mr. Boehlert) and the gentleman 
from Texas (Mr. Hall) for their bipartisan efforts to address an issue 
that is so very important to our Nation's economy and Nation's 
infrastructure.
  We are at war today. We are at war against terrorism, and one of the 
lessons of September 11 is no more complacency. Clearly our Nation's IT 
infrastructure is one area where we historically have been very, very 
complacent; and as we work to win this war on terrorism, we also must 
work to strengthen our homeland security, and clearly this legislation, 
the Cyber Security Research and Development Act, is part of our efforts 
to strengthen our Nation's homeland security.
  Our IT infrastructure is important. We use it in our everyday lives, 
whether it is our banking, insurance, our schools, our businesses, how 
we operate our utilities, and serve our Nation's infrastructure; and 
all of it is in jeopardy of a cyberattack.
  All of us have learned, I believe, over the last several years the 
creativity of those who hack into our computer systems, those who 
create computer viruses for malicious destruction, in many cases 
causing billions of dollars of damage and costs to our Nation as well 
as our global economy. Unfortunately, very little research and 
development has been conducted in this important area of homeland 
security, finding better ways to protect our Nation's information 
technology systems.
  The private sector historically has little incentive to invest 
because the market emphasizes speed and convenience. Yet the Federal 
Government historically has not filled the gap. This legislation is 
important legislation and deserves bipartisan support and enlists our 
Nation's universities as well as research institutions to find 
solutions to protect and secure our Nation's IT infrastructure.
  There is also more we need to do. I think we are all disappointed 
after the House passed an economic stimulus package that the 
accelerated depreciation component that this House passed was not 
included in action in the other body. My hope is that the accelerated 
depreciation which would help our businesses and private sector also 
acquire the hardware and software to protect their IT systems will 
eventually be included in a stimulus package that we send to the 
President and get this economy moving again.

                              {time}  1115

  Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield 4 minutes to the distinguished 
gentlewoman from Maryland (Mrs. Morella), who is one of the leaders of 
the Committee on Science in so many areas, but particularly interested 
in this important area.
  Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, it is with great pleasure that I rise as 
a cosponsor of H.R. 3394, and I thank the gentleman from New York (Mr. 
Boehlert) not only for his laudatory words but for his leadership as 
chairman of the Science Committee in crafting this piece of legislation 
and bringing it to the floor.
  The ranking member, the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Hall), deserves to 
be commended also for working together. As is often the case with 
legislation from the Committee on Science, this bill is the outcome of 
a tremendous bipartisan effort, and I urge my colleagues to support its 
passage.
  Computer networks and infrastructure have become one of America's 
greatest assets. Our ingenuity in developing new and exciting 
technologies to increase our productivity and quality of life have made 
us the envy of the modern world. These devices have changed the way we 
interact socially, conduct business, and have ingrained themselves in 
every aspect of our lives. We have embraced them and will continue to 
find exciting new ways to utilize these modern marvels.
  Unfortunately, while these computer networks have given us great 
freedom and access, they have also created a new vulnerability. Our 
reliance on these networks creates a potential threat and the economic 
and social consequences to an attack in cyberspace cannot be ignored. 
In the past few months, we have been confronted with a number of 
threats to our physical well-being and have taken numerous steps to 
plug the many holes in our society's lax security practices. However, 
along with securing our borders and providing for defense of the 
homeland, we must also take steps to protect our virtual world.
  As numerous hearings conducted in the House Committee on Science have 
shown, it is clear that we have two major problems in cyberspace. The 
first is that we have few, if any, standards as to what constitutes a 
secured network, nor do we have generally accepted procedures to 
evaluate our current systems and upgrade them with the most current 
security protocols. The second is quite simply too little cybersecurity 
research is being conducted by too few researchers and too few students 
to lead to the breakthrough of advancements that we will need to secure 
our networks in the 21st century.
  To address our deficiencies in evaluation and implementation, last 
session the House of Representatives passed H.R. 1259, a bill I 
sponsored with the input of the gentleman from Washington (Mr. Baird) 
and others, to upgrade the Computer Security Act of 1987 and give the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology the authority to develop 
and promote computer security standards within the Federal Government. 
Located in my home district of Montgomery County, Maryland, NIST is our 
Nation's premier developer of standards and guidelines and is ideally 
suited to lead our efforts in the implementation of security practices 
throughout our cyberworld.
  Today, we take up the second issue. H.R. 3394 would provide critical 
funds to investigators to conduct ground-breaking research, anticipate 
future needs, and respond to new vulnerabilities. It supplies money to 
develop multidisciplinary centers between academia, business interests,

[[Page H210]]

and government laboratories to further collaborative efforts. And it 
creates fellowships and scholarships to assure that we are training a 
sufficient number of new scientists to replace our current workforce 
and meet our future needs.
  H.R. 1259 and H.R. 3394 represent two sides of the same cybersecurity 
coin. Implementation of current technology without inquiries into the 
next generation of countermeasures and best practices is as useless as 
research and development without evaluation and use. Last session, the 
House overwhelmingly approved the first step toward protecting our 
virtual presence with the passage of 1259, and today I urge my 
colleagues to take the second. Research into cybersecurity is vital to 
the health of our Nation. This bill provides the necessary tools.
  I look forward to its passage and to working with Chairman Boehlert 
and Ranking Member Hall in getting both H.R. 1259 and 3394 through the 
Senate and into law.
  Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from 
Virginia (Mr. Goodlatte), the distinguished chair of the House 
Republican High Technology Working Group, and the cochair of the 
Congressional Internet Caucus, and a real leader in all aspects of 
information technology.
  Mr. GOODLATTE. Mr. Chairman, I thank the chairman for his kind words, 
but I especially thank him for his leadership on this issue. I also 
thank the gentleman from Texas (Mr. Hall), the ranking Democrat; the 
gentleman from Texas (Mr. Smith), the chairman of the Subcommittee on 
Crime, on which I serve; and the other cosponsors of this legislation 
for their leadership in getting this done.
  This is a serious problem in this country. We are vulnerable in many, 
many ways to cybercrime and cyberterrorism, and this legislation will 
help to cure that problem. We are not doing enough in the area of 
research in this area. We are most certainly not doing enough in the 
area of producing enough people to work in government and in the 
private sector to make sure that the computer infrastructure of this 
country is protected against hackers and criminals and terrorists. This 
legislation is going to provide more resources for those colleges and 
universities and other institutions that do this research and train the 
people.
  In this area, I have a university in my district, James Madison 
University, which has been identified by the National Security Agency 
as an institution of excellence in doing research and, more 
importantly, education in this area. But when they sit down to write 
the curriculum on how to prevent cybercrime, to teach people how to 
work for companies or the government in protecting the computer 
infrastructure, that curriculum does not even change on an annual 
basis, does not even change on a monthly basis. It changes on a weekly 
and daily basis as new information about viruses and other types of 
computer activity used by criminals and terrorists take place.
  So I am strongly supportive of this legislation. I look forward to 
developing more curricula around the country to educate people and 
provide the literally tens of thousands of new jobs we are going to 
need in this country in this field, and this legislation lays the 
groundwork. I commend the gentleman from New York and others for 
bringing this legislation forward, and I strongly urge my colleagues to 
support it.
  Mrs. MORELLA. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentleman from Virginia for 
his comments, and I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from Texas (Mr. 
Smith), Chair of the Subcommittee on Crime, who helped to author this 
bill.
  Mr. SMITH of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I thank the gentlewoman from 
Maryland and my colleague for yielding me this time.
  Mr. Chairman, I support this legislation that increases the 
cybersecurity networks at our universities, businesses, and national 
laboratories. The facts speak for themselves. Last month, the CERT 
Coordination Center operated by Carnegie Mellon University reported 
that breaches in security of computer systems more than doubled from 
the year 2000 to 2001: 52,000 incidents were reported in 2001, up from 
22,000 the year before. By comparison, in 1995, the number of incidents 
reported was only 2,400.
  Last spring, the Subcommittee on Crime, of the Committee on the 
Judiciary, that I chair, held a series of hearings on cybercrime. We 
heard testimony from local, State, and Federal officials, as well as 
individuals from the private sector. A common theme emerged: the demand 
for highly-trained and skilled personnel to investigate computer crimes 
is tremendous. This problem is compounded by the rapid advances in 
technology which make continual training an absolute necessity.
  In this new age we must have training both for a new generation of 
cyberwarriors, whose most important weapon is not a gun but a laptop, 
and for private sector companies who must continually protect their 
Internet presence. This bill seeks to expand what many States and 
cities are already doing: investing in cybersecurity training 
initiatives.
  Mr. Chairman, in my hometown, the University of Texas at San Antonio 
has established the Center for Information Assurance and Security, 
CIAS. The CIAS will be the hub of a city initiative to research, 
develop, and address computer protection mechanisms to prevent and 
detect intrusions of computer networks.
  This collaborative effort of CIAS brings together the best and 
brightest from the public sector, such as the Air Force Information 
Warfare Center, Air Intelligence Agency, and the FBI. The private 
sector, with such cybersecurity companies as Ball Aerospace, Digital 
Defense, SecureLogix, SecureInfo, and Symantec, also are contributing 
to this effort.
  With funding provided in this bill, UTSA and dozens of other 
universities will be able to train the next generation of 
cyberwarriors, cyberdefenders, and what we call ``white hat netizens.'' 
This legislation supports the work at UTSA and other universities for 
students who want to pursue computer security studies.
  While the benefits of the digital age are obvious, the Internet also 
has fostered an environment where hackers retrieve private data for 
amusement, individuals distribute software illegally, and viruses 
circulate with the sole purpose of debilitating computers. Mr. 
Chairman, a well-trained and highly skilled force of cyberprotectors is 
urgently needed, and I hope my colleagues will support this bill.
  Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may 
consume.
  Mr. Chairman, as we wrap up this debate, I know a lot of people are 
wondering what is the big deal about cybersecurity; and my own wife, 
Marianne, who is frequently at the computer when I am home, says that 
we have to do a better job of explaining the importance of this, and 
she is absolutely right.
  So much of what we do in this Nation is dependent upon the security 
of our computer systems. Everything is dependent upon computer 
technology today: our financial networks, our communication systems, 
our electric power grid, our water supply. The list goes on and on. If 
we have a clever 15-year-old hacker penetrate that system, that is 
mischief. But when we have a terrorist with a potential to penetrate 
that system and misuse it, that is serious business.
  What we are about is very serious business: to train skilled people 
and to place the emphasis that needs to be placed on protecting our 
cybersystem in every way, shape, or manner. That is why I am so pleased 
that the administration has worked so well with us; that this Committee 
on Science has done what it does traditionally on a bipartisan basis, 
with people like the gentleman from Washington (Mr. Baird), the 
gentleman from Texas (Mr. Hall), and the gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. 
Eddie Bernice Johnson) working with our side.
  We are all in this together. We want to produce a product that is 
best for this Congress and best for America; and we have done so, and I 
am proud to be identified with it.
  Mr. Chairman, I have no further requests for time, and I yield back 
the balance of my time.
  Mr. BAIRD. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
  Mr. Chairman, I would just like to close as well by reiterating my 
thanks to Chairman Boehlert, Chairwoman Morella, Ranking Member Hall, 
as well as the committee staff.

[[Page H211]]

  Chairman Boehlert has stated it perfectly well: the American public 
often takes for granted our information infrastructure; but a 
coordinated attack on, for example, air traffic control, electrical 
power systems, or other major vital links in our information 
infrastructure, particularly if timed with a more conventional or even 
a more unconventional attack, could wreak havoc on our society and 
would clearly cost lives.
  The importance of this bill cannot be overstated, and I commend the 
Chair and the ranking member for their leadership and appreciate the 
opportunity to work with them.
  Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance of my time.
  The CHAIRMAN. All time for general debate has expired.
  The bill shall be considered by sections as an original bill for the 
purpose of amendment, and pursuant to the rule, each section is 
considered read.
  During consideration of the bill for amendment, the Chair may accord 
priority in recognition to a Member offering an amendment that he has 
printed in the designated place in the Congressional Record. Those 
amendments will be considered read.
  The Clerk will designate section 1.
  The text of section 1 is as follows:

                               H.R. 3394

       Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
     the United States of America in Congress assembled,

     SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

       This Act may be cited as the ``Cyber Security Research and 
     Development Act''.

     SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

       The Congress finds the following:
       (1) Revolutionary advancements in computing and 
     communications technology have interconnected government, 
     commercial, scientific, and educational infrastructures--
     including critical infrastructures for electric power, 
     natural gas and petroleum production and distribution, 
     telecommunications, transportation, water supply, banking and 
     finance, and emergency and government services--in a vast, 
     interdependent physical and electronic network.
       (2) Exponential increases in interconnectivity have 
     facilitated enhanced communications, economic growth, and the 
     delivery of services critical to the public welfare, but have 
     also increased the consequences of temporary or prolonged 
     failure.
       (3) A Department of Defense Joint Task Force concluded 
     after a 1997 United States information warfare exercise that 
     the results ``clearly demonstrated our lack of preparation 
     for a coordinated cyber and physical attack on our critical 
     military and civilian infrastructure''.
       (4) Computer security technology and systems implementation 
     lack--
       (A) sufficient long term research funding;
       (B) adequate coordination across Federal and State 
     government agencies and among government, academia, and 
     industry;
       (C) sufficient numbers of outstanding researchers in the 
     field; and
       (D) market incentives for the design of commercial and 
     consumer security solutions.
       (5) Accordingly, Federal investment in computer and network 
     security research and development must be significantly 
     increased to--
       (A) improve vulnerability assessment and technological and 
     systems solutions;
       (B) expand and improve the pool of information security 
     professionals, including researchers, in the United States 
     workforce; and
       (C) better coordinate information sharing and collaboration 
     among industry, government, and academic research projects.

     SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

       For purposes of this Act--
       (1) the term ``Director'' means the Director of the 
     National Science Foundation; and
       (2) the term ``institution of higher education'' has the 
     meaning given that term in section 101 ofthe Higher Education 
     Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).

     SEC. 4. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION RESEARCH.

       (a) Computer and Network Security Research Grants.--
       (1) In general.--The Director shall award grants for basic 
     research on innovative approaches to the structure of 
     computer and network hardware and software that are aimed at 
     enhancing computer security. Research areas may include--
       (A) authentication and cryptography;
       (B) computer forensics and intrusion detection;
       (C) reliability of computer and network applications, 
     middleware, operating systems, and communications 
     infrastructure; and
       (D) privacy and confidentiality.
       (2) Merit review; competition.--Grants shall be awarded 
     under this section on a merit-reviewed competitive basis.
       (3) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation to 
     carry out this subsection--
       (A) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
       (B) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
       (C) $46,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;
       (D) $52,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
       (E) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2007.
       (b) Computer and Network Security Research Centers.--
       (1) In general.--The Director shall award multiyear grants, 
     subject to the availability of appropriations, to 
     institutions of higher education (or consortia thereof) to 
     establish multidisciplinary Centers for Computer and Network 
     Security Research. Institutions of higher education (or 
     consortia thereof) receiving such grants may partner with one 
     or more government laboratories or for-profit institutions.
       (2) Merit review; competition.--Grants shall be awarded 
     under this subsection on a merit-reviewed competitive basis.
       (3) Purpose.--The purpose of the Centers shall be to 
     generate innovative approaches to computer and network 
     security by conducting cutting-edge, multidisciplinary 
     research in computer and network security, including the 
     research areas described in subsection (a)(1).
       (4) Applications.--An institution of higher education (or a 
     consortium of such institutions) seeking funding under this 
     subsection shall submit an application to the Director at 
     such time, in such manner, and containing such information as 
     the Director may require. The application shall include, at a 
     minimum, a description of--
       (A) the research projects that will be undertaken by the 
     Center and the contributions of each of the participating 
     entities;
       (B) how the Center will promote active collaboration among 
     scientists and engineers from different disciplines, such as 
     computer scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and social 
     science researchers; and
       (C) how the Center will contribute to increasing the number 
     of computer and network security researchers and other 
     professionals.
       (5) Criteria.--In evaluating the applications submitted 
     under paragraph (4), the Director shall consider, at a 
     minimum--
       (A) the ability of the applicant to generate innovative 
     approaches to computer and network security and effectively 
     carry out the research program;
       (B) the experience of the applicant in conducting research 
     on computer and network security and the capacity of the 
     applicant to foster new multidisciplinary collaborations;
       (C) the capacity of the applicant to attract and provide 
     adequate support for undergraduate and graduate students and 
     postdoctoral fellows to pursue computer and network security 
     research; and
       (D) the extent to which the applicant will partner with 
     government laboratories or for-profit entities, and the role 
     the government laboratories or for-profit entities will play 
     in the research undertaken by the Center.
       (6) Annual meeting.--The Director shall convene an annual 
     meeting of the Centers in order to foster collaboration and 
     communication between Center participants.
       (7) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated for the National Science Foundation to 
     carry out this subsection--
       (A) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
       (B) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
       (C) $36,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;
       (D) $36,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
       (E) $36,000,000 for fiscal year 2007.

     SEC. 5. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION COMPUTER AND NETWORK 
                   SECURITY PROGRAMS.

       (a) Computer and Network Security Capacity Building 
     Grants.--
       (1) In general.--The Director shall establish a program to 
     award grants to institutions of higher education (or 
     consortia thereof) to establish or improve undergraduate and 
     master's degree programs in computer and network security, to 
     increase the number of students who pursue undergraduate or 
     master's degrees in fields related to computer and network 
     security, and to provide students with experience in 
     government or industry related to their computer and network 
     security studies.
       (2) Merit review.--Grants shall be awarded under this 
     subsection on a merit-reviewed competitive basis.
       (3) Use of funds.--Grants awarded under this subsection 
     shall be used for activities that enhance the ability of an 
     institution of higher education (or consortium thereof) to 
     provide high-quality undergraduate and master's degree 
     programs in computer and network security and to recruit and 
     retain increased numbers of students to such programs. 
     Activities may include--
       (A) revising curriculum to better prepare undergraduate and 
     master's degree students for careers in computer and network 
     security;
       (B) establishing degree and certificate programs in 
     computer and network security;
       (C) creating opportunities for undergraduate students to 
     participate in computer and network security research 
     projects;
       (D) acquiring equipment necessary for student instruction 
     in computer and network security, including the installation 
     of testbed networks for student use;
       (E) providing opportunities for faculty to work with local 
     or Federal Government agencies, private industry, or other 
     academic institutions to develop new expertise or to 
     formulate new research directions in computer and network 
     security;
       (F) establishing collaborations with other academic 
     institutions or departments that seek to establish, expand, 
     or enhance programs in computer and network security;

[[Page H212]]

       (G) establishing student internships in computer and 
     network security at government agencies or in private 
     industry;
       (H) establishing or enhancing bridge programs in computer 
     and network security between community colleges and 
     universities; and
       (I) any other activities the Director determines will 
     accomplish the goals of this subsection.
       (4) Selection process.--
       (A) Application.--An institution of higher education (or a 
     consortium thereof) seeking funding under this subsection 
     shall submit an application to the Director at such time, in 
     such manner, and containing such information as the Director 
     may require. The application shall include, at a minimum--
       (i) a description of the applicant's computer and network 
     security research and instructional capacity, and in the case 
     of an application from a consortium of institutions of higher 
     education, a description of the role that each member will 
     play in implementing the proposal;
       (ii) a comprehensive plan by which the institution or 
     consortium will build instructional capacity in computer and 
     information security;
       (iii) a description of relevant collaborations with 
     government agencies or private industry that inform the 
     instructional program in computer and network security;
       (iv) a survey of the applicant's historic student 
     enrollment and placement data in fields related to computer 
     and network security and a study of potential enrollment and 
     placement for students enrolled in the proposed computer and 
     network security program; and
       (v) a plan to evaluate the success of the proposed computer 
     and network security program, including post-graduation 
     assessment of graduate school and job placement and retention 
     rates as well as the relevance of the instructional program 
     to graduate study and to the workplace.
       (B) Awards.--(i) The Director shall ensure, to the extent 
     practicable, that grants are awarded under this subsection in 
     a wide range of geographic areas and categories of 
     institutions of higher education.
       (ii) The Director shall award grants under this subsection 
     for a period not to exceed 5 years.
       (5) Assessment required.--The Director shall evaluate the 
     program established under this subsection no later than 6 
     years after the establishment of the program. At a minimum, 
     the Director shall evaluate the extent to which the grants 
     achieved their objectives of increasing the quality and 
     quantity of students pursuing undergraduate or master's 
     degrees in computer and network security.
       (6) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation to 
     carry out this subsection--
       (A) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
       (B) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
       (C) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;
       (D) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
       (E) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2007.
       (b) Scientific and Advanced Technology Act of 1992.--
       (1) Grants.--The Director shall provide grants under the 
     Scientific and Advanced Technology Act of 1992 for the 
     purposes of section 3(a) and (b) of that Act, except that the 
     activities supported pursuant to this subsection shall be 
     limited to improving education in fields related to computer 
     and network security.
       (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation to 
     carry out this subsection--
       (A) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
       (B) $1,250,000 for fiscal year 2004;
       (C) $1,250,000 for fiscal year 2005;
       (D) $1,250,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
       (E) $1,250,000 for fiscal year 2007.
       (c) Graduate Traineeships in Computer and Network Security 
     Research.--
       (1) In general.--The Director shall establish a program to 
     award grants to institutions of higher education to establish 
     traineeship programs for graduate students who pursue 
     computer and network security research leading to a doctorate 
     degree by providing funding and other assistance, and by 
     providing graduate students with research experience in 
     government or industry related to the students' computer and 
     network security studies.
       (2) Merit review.--Grants shall be provided under this 
     subsection on a merit-reviewed competitive basis.
       (3) Use of funds.--An institution of higher education shall 
     use grant funds for the purposes of--
       (A) providing fellowships to students who are citizens, 
     nationals, or lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens of 
     the United States and are pursuing research in computer or 
     network security leading to a doctorate degree;
       (B) paying tuition and fees for students receiving 
     fellowships under subparagraph (A);
       (C) establishing scientific internship programs for 
     students receiving fellowships under subparagraph (A) in 
     computer and network security at for-profit institutions or 
     government laboratories; and
       (D) other costs associated with the administration of the 
     program.
       (4) Fellowship amount.--Fellowships provided under 
     paragraph (3)(A) shall be in the amount of $25,000 per year, 
     or the level of the National Science Foundation Graduate 
     Research Fellowships, whichever is greater, for up to 3 
     years.
       (5) Selection process.--An institution of higher education 
     seeking funding under this subsection shall submit an 
     application to the Director at such time, in such manner, and 
     containing such information as the Director may require. The 
     application shall include, at a minimum, a description of--
       (A) the instructional program and research opportunities in 
     computer and network security available to graduate students 
     at the applicant's institution; and
       (B) the internship program to be established, including the 
     opportunities that will be made available to students for 
     internships at for-profit institutions and government 
     laboratories.
       (6) Review of applications.--In evaluating the applications 
     submitted under paragraph (5), the Director shall consider--
       (A) the ability of the applicant to effectively carry out 
     the proposed program;
       (B) the quality of the applicant's existing research and 
     education programs;
       (C) the likelihood that the program will recruit increased 
     numbers of students to pursue and earn doctorate degrees in 
     computer and network security;
       (D) the nature and quality of the internship program 
     established through collaborations with government 
     laboratories and for-profit institutions;
       (E) the integration of internship opportunities into 
     graduate students' research; and
       (F) the relevance of the proposed program to current and 
     future computer and network security needs.
       (7) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation to 
     carry our this subsection--
       (A) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
       (B) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
       (C) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;
       (D) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
       (E) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2007.
       (d) Graduate Research Fellowships Program Support.--
     Computer and network security shall be included among the 
     fields of specialization supported by the National Science 
     Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowships program under 
     section 10 of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 
     U.S.C. 1869).

     SEC. 6. CONSULTATION.

       In carrying out sections 4 and 5, the Director shall 
     consult with other Federal agencies.

     SEC. 7. FOSTERING RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN COMPUTER AND 
                   NETWORK SECURITY.

       Section 3(a) of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 
     (42 U.S.C. 1862(a)) is amended--
       (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (6);
       (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (7) and 
     inserting ``; and''; and
       (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
       ``(8) to take a leading role in fostering and supporting 
     research and education activities to improve the security of 
     networked information systems.''.

     SEC. 8. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 
                   RESEARCH PROGRAM.

       The National Institute of Standards and Technology Act is 
     amended--
       (1) by moving section 22 to the end of the Act and 
     redesignating it as section 32;
       (2) by inserting after section 21 the following new 
     section:


           ``research program on security of computer systems

       ``Sec. 22. (a) Establishment.--The Director shall establish 
     a program of assistance to institutions of higher education 
     that enter into partnerships with for-profit entities to 
     support research to improve the security of computer systems. 
     The partnerships may also include government laboratories. 
     The program shall--
       ``(1) include multidisciplinary, long-term, high-risk 
     research;
       ``(2) include research directed toward addressing needs 
     identified through the activities of the Computer System 
     Security and Privacy Advisory Board under section 20(f); and
       ``(3) promote the development of a robust research 
     community working at the leading edge of knowledge in subject 
     areas relevant to the security of computer systems by 
     providing support for graduate students, post-doctoral 
     researchers, and senior researchers.
       ``(b) Fellowships.--(1) The Director is authorized to 
     establish a program to award post-doctoral research 
     fellowships to individuals who are citizens, nationals, or 
     lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens of the 
     United States and are seeking research positions at 
     institutions, including the Institute, engaged in research 
     activities related to the security of computer systems, 
     including the research areas described in section 4(a)(1) 
     of the Cyber Security Research and Development Act.
       ``(2) The Director is authorized to establish a program to 
     award senior research fellowships to individuals seeking 
     research positions at institutions, including the Institute, 
     engaged in research activities related to the security of 
     computer systems, including the research areas described in 
     section 4(a)(1) of the Cyber Security Research and 
     Development Act. Senior research fellowships shall be made 
     available for established researchers at institutions of 
     higher education who seek to change research fields and 
     pursue studies related to the security of computer systems.
       ``(3)(A) To be eligible for an award under this subsection, 
     an individual shall submit

[[Page H213]]

     an application to the Director at such time, in such manner, 
     and containing such information as the Director may require.
       ``(B) Under this subsection, the Director is authorized to 
     provide stipends for post-doctoral research fellowships at 
     the level of the Institute's Post Doctoral Research 
     Fellowship Program and senior research fellowships at levels 
     consistent with support for a faculty member in a sabbatical 
     position.
       ``(c) Awards; Applications.--The Director is authorized to 
     award grants or cooperative agreements to institutions of 
     higher education to carry out the program established under 
     subsection (a). To be eligible for an award under this 
     section, an institution of higher education shall submit an 
     application to the Director at such time, in such manner, and 
     containing such information as the Director may require. The 
     application shall include, at a minimum, a description of--
       ``(1) the number of graduate students anticipated to 
     participate in the research project and the level of support 
     to be provided to each;
       ``(2) the number of post-doctoral research positions 
     included under the research project and the level of support 
     to be provided to each;
       ``(3) the number of individuals, if any, intending to 
     change research fields and pursue studies related to the 
     security of computer systems to be included under the 
     research project and the level of support to be provided to 
     each; and
       ``(4) how the for-profit entities and any other partners 
     will participate in developing and carrying out the research 
     and education agenda of the partnership.
       ``(d) Program Operation.--(1) The program established under 
     subsection (a) shall be managed by individuals who shall have 
     both expertise in research related to the security of 
     computer systems and knowledge of the vulnerabilities of 
     existing computer systems. The Director shall designate such 
     individuals as program managers.
       ``(2) Program managers designated under paragraph (1) may 
     be new or existing employees of the Institute or individuals 
     on assignment at the Institute under the Intergovernmental 
     Personnel Act of 1970.
       ``(3) Program managers designated under paragraph (1) shall 
     be responsible for--
       ``(A) establishing and publicizing the broad research goals 
     for the program;
       ``(B) soliciting applications for specific research 
     projects to address the goals developed under subparagraph 
     (A);
       ``(C) selecting research projects for support under the 
     program from among applications submitted to the Institute, 
     following consideration of--
       ``(i) the novelty and scientific and technical merit of the 
     proposed projects;
       ``(ii) the demonstrated capabilities of the individual or 
     individuals submitting the applications to successfully carry 
     out the proposed research;
       ``(iii) the impact the proposed projects will have on 
     increasing the number of computer security researchers;
       ``(iv) the nature of the participation by for-profit 
     entities and the extent to which the proposed projects 
     address the concerns of industry; and
       ``(v) other criteria determined by the Director, based on 
     information specified for inclusion in applications under 
     subsection (c); and
       ``(D) monitoring the progress of research projects 
     supported under the program.
       ``(e) Review of Program.--(1) The Director shall 
     periodically review the portfolio of research awards 
     monitored by each program manager designated in accordance 
     with subsection (d). In conducting those reviews, the 
     Director shall seek the advice of the Computer System 
     Security and Privacy Advisory Board, established under 
     section 21, on the appropriateness of the research goals and 
     on the quality and utility of research projects managed by 
     program managers in accordance with subsection (d).
       ``(2) The Director shall also contract with the National 
     Research Council for a comprehensive review of the program 
     established under subsection (a) during the 5th year of the 
     program. Such review shall include an assessment of the 
     scientific quality of the research conducted, the relevance 
     of the research results obtained to the goals of the program 
     established under subsection (d)(3)(A), and the progress of 
     the program in promoting the development of a substantial 
     academic research community working at the leading edge of 
     knowledge in the field. The Director shall submit to Congress 
     a report on the results of the review under this paragraph no 
     later than six years after the initiation of the program.
       ``(f) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
       ``(1) the term `computer system' has the meaning given that 
     term in section 20(d)(1); and
       ``(2) the term `institution of higher education' has the 
     meaning given that term in section 101 of the Higher 
     Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).''; and
       (3) in section 20(d)(1)(B)(i) (15 U.S.C. 278g-
     3(d)(1)(B)(i)), by inserting ``and computer networks'' after 
     ``computers''.

     SEC. 9. COMPUTER SECURITY REVIEW, PUBLIC MEETINGS, AND 
                   INFORMATION.

       Section 20 of the National Institute of Standards and 
     Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3) is amended by adding at the 
     end the following new subsection:
       ``(f) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
     Secretary $1,060,000 for fiscal year 2003 and $1,090,000 for 
     fiscal year 2004 to enable the Computer System Security and 
     Privacy Advisory Board, established by section 21, to 
     identify emerging issues, including research needs, related 
     to computer security, privacy, and cryptography and, as 
     appropriate, to convene public meetings on those subjects, 
     receive presentations, and publish reports, digests, and 
     summaries for public distribution on those subjects.''.

     SEC. 10. INTRAMUTAL SECURITY RESEARCH.

       Section 20 of the National Institute of Standards and 
     Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g-3) is further amended--
       (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
       (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new 
     subsection:
       ``(d) As part of the research activities conducted in 
     accordance with subsection (b)(4), the Institute shall--
       ``(1) conduct a research program to address emerging 
     technologies associated with assembling a networked computer 
     system from components while ensuring it maintains desired 
     security properties;
       ``(2) carry out research and support standards development 
     activities associated with improving the security of real-
     time computing and communications systems for use in process 
     control; and
       ``(3) carry out multidisciplinary, long-term, high-risk 
     research on ways to improve the security of computer 
     systems.''.

     SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

       There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of 
     Commerce for the National Institute of Standards and 
     Technology--
       (1) for activities under section 22 of the National 
     Institute of Standards and Technology Act, as added by 
     section 8 of this Act--
       (A) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
       (B) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
       (C) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;
       (D) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
       (E) $85,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
       (F) such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2008 
     through 2012; and
       (2) for activities under section 20(d) of the National 
     Institute of Standards and Technology Act, as added by 
     section 10 of this Act--
       (A) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
       (B) $6,200,000 for fiscal year 2004;
       (C) $6,400,000 for fiscal year 2005;
       (D) $6,600,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
       (E) $6,800,000 for fiscal year 2007.

     SEC. 12. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES STUDY ON COMPUTER AND 
                   NETWORK SECURITY IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES.

       (a) Study.--Not later than 3 months after the date of the 
     enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Institute 
     of Standards and Technology shall enter into an arrangement 
     with the National Research Council of the National Academy of 
     Sciences to conduct a study of the vulnerabilities of the 
     Nation's network infrastructure and make recommendations for 
     appropriate improvements. The National Research Council 
     shall--
       (1) review existing studies and associated data on the 
     architectural, hardware, and software vulnerabilities and 
     interdependencies in United States critical infrastructure 
     networks;
       (2) identify and assess gaps in technical capability for 
     robust critical infrastructure network security, and make 
     recommendations for research priorities and resource 
     requirements; and
       (3) review any and all other essential elements of computer 
     and network security, including security of industrial 
     process controls, to be determined in the conduct of the 
     study.
       (b) Report.--The Director of the National Institute of 
     Standards and Technology shall transmit a report containing 
     the results of the study and recommendations required by 
     subsection (a) to the Congress not later than 21 months after 
     the date of enactment of this Act.
       (c) Security.--The Director of the National Institute of 
     Standards and Technology shall ensure that no information 
     that is classified is included in any publicly released 
     version of the report required by this section.
       (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
     to be appropriated to the Secretary of Commerce for the 
     National Institute of Standards and Technology for the 
     purposes of carrying out this section, $700,000.

  Mr. BOEHLERT (during the reading). Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous 
consent that the remainder of the bill be printed in the Record and 
open to amendment at any point.
  The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from 
New York?
  There was no objection.
  The CHAIRMAN. Are there any amendments to the bill?
  If not, under the rule, the Committee rises.
  Mr. FORBES. Mr. Chairman, I rise today in strong support of the Cyber 
Security Research and Development Act, which will help the United 
States reduce its vulnerability to cyberattacks by terrorists and 
common criminals alike.
  Cyber attacks may not bring the large scale death and destruction of 
attacks by biological or chemical agents or other weapons of mass 
destruction, but they are just as real a threat

[[Page H214]]

to the American people. They hold the power to disrupt our way of life, 
harm people's personal interests, and cause tremendous losses for 
businesses.
  Computers have become increasingly ubiquitous. More than half of all 
American use the Internet, with more than 2 million people going online 
for the first time each month. Computer-based technology powers the way 
we bank, the way we shop, and the way we exchange information. And, 
this makes nearly every American vulnerable to cyber threats.
  The Cyber Security Research and Development Act will reduce that 
vulnerability in two ways. First, it will improve our research efforts 
so that we can stop cyber terrorists before they strike. Too few of our 
most gifted minds are working on this area of research. The funding 
available in this bill will power partnerships between the government 
and academia to remedy this Second, H.R. 3394 will improve our 
education programs so that average Americans can spot threats and react 
quickly.
  As a member of the Science Committee, I heard the testimony of 
research experts who indicated how great the threat is and how much 
could be achieved to defeat it if we dedicated ourselves to this goal. 
That is why I am pleased to be a cosponsor of this legislation, and I 
urge my colleagues to support it today.
  Mr. RODRIGUEZ. Mr. Chairman, I rise today in support of H.R. 3394, 
the Cyber Security Research and Development Act. This bill would 
strengthen our nation's ability to protect the critical infrastructure 
that supplies our water, keeps the electricity on in our homes, and 
ensures that our law enforcement officials have communication 
capabilities at all times.
  San Antonio has been a leader in developing the type of technology 
and educational programs made possible under this bill. A growing 
partnership of educational, private enterprise and military expertise 
make San Antonio ``Cyber City'' USA.
  The University of Texas at San Antonio has developed the Center for 
Infrastructure Assurance and Security to educate and train world-class 
information technology professionals. With a faculty drawn from both 
the private sector and the Air Force, this outstanding program will 
produce skilled graduates ready to meet the growing shortage of 
information technology professionals in the federal government and 
private sector. It will also serve as a educational program for mid-
level professionals to improve their information technology job skills 
needed for their current job, or help them retrain in the information 
technology field.
  San Antonio is also the home of the Information Technology and 
Assurance Academy, an innovative educational center devoted to talented 
11th and 12th graders interested in information technology. The Academy 
will give these young minds an introduction to future career 
opportunities in the information and technology field. In addition to 
developing their interest in information technology, this program seeks 
to instill a sense of civic responsibility that will serve them and the 
community in which they live.
  San Antonio has 45 private companies that have developed state-of-
the-art information assurance technology. These companies lead the 
field in developing intrusion detection technology and providing 
vulnerability assessments for both the private sector and the 
government.
  The military also has a world-class computer monitoring facility in 
San Antonio. The Air Force's computer emergency response team, located 
at Lackland Air Force Base, leads the DoD in intrusion technology, and 
helps protect Air Force computer systems, 24 hours a day, 7 days a 
week, around the globe. This system helps ensure that the computer 
systems used by our Armed Forces to protect our nation are free from 
hackers, viruses and other forms of cyber terrorism.
  This bill would provide the nation with needed resources to fight the 
war on cyber terrorism. Homeland security starts at the local level and 
this bill would allow communities throughout the United States to 
educate and train qualified information professionals in their 
community and encourage research that would give the government and 
private industry the tools to protect our nation's critical 
infrastructure.
  Ms. HART. Mr. Chairman, I rise today in support of H.R. 3394, the 
Cyber Security Research and Development Act.
  H.R. 3394, seeks to address the vulnerability of the computer systems 
and networks that have become part of all our daily lives. It is all to 
clear to us, that we must be proactive and defend these systems from 
simple hackers to coordinated terrorist attacks.
  At hearings on cyber security last year in the Science Committee, we 
heard updates on research and development in that field. The news was 
sobering. The information we were provided was that too little research 
being conducted in this area, too few researchers were prepared to meet 
the needs of securing our systems, too few students going into fields 
relating to cyber security, and there was inadequate coordination 
between government, academia and industry. This must change and we have 
great resources in western Pennsylvania to help deliver these changes.
  Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), just outside of my district, has 
been a leader in the field of cyber security. In 2001, the National 
Security Council named them as a ``Center of Excellence in Security 
Education.'' Also, the CERT Coordination Center, a government-funded 
computer emergency-response team at CMU, helps to track the risks and 
frequencies of cyber crimes. According to the Center, there were 52,658 
security breaches and attacks last year, up 50 percent from the 
previous year. The Center also got reports of 2,437 computer 
vulnerabilities, more than double the figures from the previous year. 
While having success with students in the field of cyber security, 
they, too, have expressed that deficiencies exist for cyber security. 
This includes the lack of undergraduates and graduates who can provide 
the necessary research.
  The ``Cyber Security Research and Development Act'' provides help for 
these areas by making grants available under National Science 
Foundation (NSF) for: research in innovative computer and network 
security; establishment of Centers for Computer and Network Security 
research in partnership with other universities; enabling universities 
to offer fellowships; and research in industry and other opportunities 
for doctoral degrees. H.R. 3394 also provides grants to the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for: support for high-
risk, cutting edge research by academics working with industry; and for 
the establishment of a fellowship to increase its number of researchers 
in computer and network security.
  This important legislation will provide us with the necessary 
investment in cyber security and needed support of existing resources, 
so that we are not with out the necessary experts to protect our 
critical computer infrastructure from terrorist attacks.

                              {time}  1130

  Accordingly, the Committee rose; and the Speaker pro tempore (Mr. 
Pickering) having assumed the chair, Mr. Sununu, Chairman of the 
Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, reported that 
that Committee, having had under consideration the bill (H.R. 3394) to 
authorize funding for computer and network security research and 
development and research fellowship programs, and for other purposes, 
pursuant to House Resolution 343, he reported the bill back to the 
House.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the rule, the previous question is 
ordered.
  The question is on the engrossment and third reading of the bill.
  The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, and was 
read the third time.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the passage of the bill.
  The question was taken; and the Speaker pro tempore announced that 
the ayes appeared to have it.
  Mr. BOEHLERT. Mr. Speaker, I object to the vote on the ground that a 
quorum is not present and make the point of order that a quorum is not 
present.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Evidently a quorum is not present.
  The Sergeant at Arms will notify absent Members.
  Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XX, this 15-minute vote on passage of 
H.R. 3394 will be followed by a 5-minute vote, if ordered, on agreeing 
to the Speaker's approval of the Journal.
  The vote was taken by electronic device, and there were--yeas 400, 
nays 12, not voting 23, as follows:

                             [Roll No. 13]

                               YEAS--400

     Abercrombie
     Ackerman
     Aderholt
     Allen
     Andrews
     Armey
     Baca
     Bachus
     Baird
     Baker
     Baldacci
     Baldwin
     Ballenger
     Barcia
     Barr
     Barrett
     Bartlett
     Barton
     Bass
     Becerra
     Bentsen
     Bereuter
     Berkley
     Berman
     Berry
     Biggert
     Bilirakis
     Bishop
     Blumenauer
     Blunt
     Boehlert
     Boehner
     Bonilla
     Bonior
     Boozman
     Borski
     Boswell
     Boucher
     Boyd
     Brady (PA)
     Brady (TX)
     Brown (FL)
     Brown (OH)
     Brown (SC)
     Bryant
     Burr
     Buyer
     Callahan
     Calvert
     Camp
     Cannon
     Cantor
     Capito
     Capps
     Cardin
     Carson (IN)
     Carson (OK)
     Castle
     Chabot
     Chambliss
     Clay
     Clayton
     Clement
     Clyburn
     Coble
     Combest
     Condit
     Conyers
     Cooksey
     Costello
     Cox
     Coyne
     Cramer
     Crane
     Crenshaw
     Crowley
     Culberson
     Cummings
     Cunningham
     Davis (CA)
     Davis (FL)

[[Page H215]]


     Davis (IL)
     Davis, Jo Ann
     Davis, Tom
     Deal
     DeFazio
     DeGette
     Delahunt
     DeLauro
     DeLay
     DeMint
     Deutsch
     Diaz-Balart
     Dicks
     Dingell
     Doggett
     Dooley
     Doolittle
     Doyle
     Dreier
     Dunn
     Edwards
     Ehlers
     Ehrlich
     Emerson
     Engel
     English
     Eshoo
     Etheridge
     Evans
     Everett
     Farr
     Fattah
     Ferguson
     Filner
     Fletcher
     Foley
     Forbes
     Ford
     Fossella
     Frank
     Frost
     Gallegly
     Ganske
     Gekas
     Gephardt
     Gibbons
     Gilchrest
     Gillmor
     Gilman
     Gonzalez
     Goode
     Goodlatte
     Gordon
     Goss
     Graham
     Granger
     Graves
     Green (TX)
     Green (WI)
     Greenwood
     Grucci
     Gutierrez
     Gutknecht
     Hall (TX)
     Hansen
     Harman
     Hart
     Hastings (FL)
     Hastings (WA)
     Hayes
     Hayworth
     Herger
     Hill
     Hilliard
     Hinchey
     Hinojosa
     Hobson
     Hoeffel
     Hoekstra
     Holden
     Holt
     Honda
     Hooley
     Horn
     Hostettler
     Houghton
     Hoyer
     Hulshof
     Hunter
     Hyde
     Inslee
     Isakson
     Israel
     Issa
     Istook
     Jackson (IL)
     Jackson-Lee (TX)
     Jenkins
     John
     Johnson (CT)
     Johnson (IL)
     Johnson, E. B.
     Johnson, Sam
     Jones (OH)
     Kanjorski
     Kaptur
     Keller
     Kelly
     Kennedy (MN)
     Kennedy (RI)
     Kerns
     Kildee
     Kilpatrick
     Kind (WI)
     King (NY)
     Kirk
     Kleczka
     Knollenberg
     Kolbe
     Kucinich
     LaFalce
     LaHood
     Lampson
     Langevin
     Lantos
     Largent
     Larsen (WA)
     Larson (CT)
     Latham
     LaTourette
     Leach
     Lee
     Levin
     Lewis (CA)
     Lewis (GA)
     Lewis (KY)
     Linder
     Lipinski
     LoBiondo
     Lofgren
     Lowey
     Lucas (KY)
     Lucas (OK)
     Lynch
     Maloney (CT)
     Maloney (NY)
     Manzullo
     Markey
     Mascara
     Matheson
     Matsui
     McCarthy (MO)
     McCarthy (NY)
     McCollum
     McCrery
     McGovern
     McHugh
     McInnis
     McIntyre
     McKeon
     McKinney
     McNulty
     Meehan
     Meek (FL)
     Meeks (NY)
     Menendez
     Mica
     Millender-McDonald
     Miller, Dan
     Miller, Gary
     Miller, George
     Miller, Jeff
     Mink
     Mollohan
     Moore
     Moran (KS)
     Moran (VA)
     Morella
     Murtha
     Myrick
     Nadler
     Napolitano
     Neal
     Nethercutt
     Ney
     Northup
     Nussle
     Oberstar
     Olver
     Ortiz
     Osborne
     Ose
     Otter
     Owens
     Oxley
     Pallone
     Pascrell
     Pastor
     Payne
     Pelosi
     Pence
     Peterson (MN)
     Peterson (PA)
     Petri
     Phelps
     Pickering
     Platts
     Pombo
     Pomeroy
     Portman
     Price (NC)
     Pryce (OH)
     Putnam
     Quinn
     Radanovich
     Rahall
     Ramstad
     Rangel
     Regula
     Rehberg
     Reyes
     Reynolds
     Rivers
     Rodriguez
     Roemer
     Rogers (KY)
     Rogers (MI)
     Rohrabacher
     Ros-Lehtinen
     Ross
     Rothman
     Roybal-Allard
     Rush
     Ryun (KS)
     Sabo
     Sanchez
     Sanders
     Sandlin
     Sawyer
     Saxton
     Schakowsky
     Schiff
     Schrock
     Scott
     Sensenbrenner
     Serrano
     Sessions
     Shadegg
     Shays
     Sherman
     Sherwood
     Shimkus
     Shows
     Shuster
     Simmons
     Simpson
     Skeen
     Skelton
     Smith (MI)
     Smith (NJ)
     Smith (TX)
     Smith (WA)
     Snyder
     Souder
     Spratt
     Stark
     Stearns
     Stenholm
     Strickland
     Stump
     Stupak
     Sununu
     Sweeney
     Tanner
     Tauscher
     Tauzin
     Taylor (MS)
     Taylor (NC)
     Terry
     Thomas
     Thompson (CA)
     Thompson (MS)
     Thornberry
     Thune
     Thurman
     Tiahrt
     Tiberi
     Tierney
     Toomey
     Towns
     Turner
     Udall (CO)
     Udall (NM)
     Upton
     Velazquez
     Visclosky
     Vitter
     Walden
     Walsh
     Wamp
     Watkins (OK)
     Watson (CA)
     Watt (NC)
     Watts (OK)
     Waxman
     Weiner
     Weldon (FL)
     Weldon (PA)
     Weller
     Wexler
     Wicker
     Wilson (NM)
     Wilson (SC)
     Wolf
     Woolsey
     Wu
     Wynn
     Young (AK)
     Young (FL)

                                NAYS--12

     Akin
     Collins
     Duncan
     Flake
     Hefley
     Jones (NC)
     Kingston
     Norwood
     Paul
     Royce
     Schaffer
     Tancredo

                             NOT VOTING--23

     Blagojevich
     Bono
     Burton
     Capuano
     Cubin
     Frelinghuysen
     Hall (OH)
     Hastert
     Hilleary
     Jefferson
     Luther
     McDermott
     Obey
     Pitts
     Riley
     Roukema
     Ryan (WI)
     Shaw
     Slaughter
     Solis
     Traficant
     Waters
     Whitfield

                              {time}  1152

  Messrs. AKIN, HEFLEY and NORWOOD changed their vote from ``yea'' to 
``nay.''
  So the bill was passed.
  The result of the vote was announced as above recorded.
  A motion to reconsider was laid on the table.
  Stated for:
  Ms. SOLIS. Mr. Speaker, during rollcall vote No. 13 on February 7, 
2002, the voting machine malfunctioned and did not record my vote. Had 
it registered my vote, I would have voted ``yea.''

                          ____________________