[Congressional Record Volume 147, Number 166 (Tuesday, December 4, 2001)]
[House]
[Pages H8758-H8763]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
ZIMBABWE DEMOCRACY AND ECONOMIC RECOVERY ACT OF 2001
Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the
Senate bill (S. 494) to provide for a transition to democracy and to
promote economic recovery in Zimbabwe, as amended.
The Clerk read as follows:
S. 494
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Zimbabwe Democracy and
Economic Recovery Act of 2001''.
SEC. 2. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It is the policy of the United States to support the people
of Zimbabwe in their struggle to effect peaceful, democratic
change, achieve broad-based and equitable economic growth,
and restore the rule of law.
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) International financial institutions.--The term
``international financial institutions'' means the
multilateral development banks and the International Monetary
Fund.
(2) Multilateral development banks.--The term
``multilateral development banks'' means the International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International
Development Association, the International Finance
Corporation, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian
Development Bank, the Inter-American Investment Corporation,
the African Development Bank, the African Development Fund,
the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the
Multilateral Investment Guaranty Agency.
SEC. 4. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AND ECONOMIC
RECOVERY.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Through economic mismanagement, undemocratic practices,
and the costly deployment of troops to the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, the Government of Zimbabwe has
rendered itself ineligible to participate in International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International
Monetary Fund programs, which would otherwise be providing
substantial resources to assist in the recovery and
modernization of Zimbabwe's economy. The people of Zimbabwe
have thus been denied the economic and democratic benefits
envisioned by the donors to such programs, including the
United States.
(2) In September 1999 the IMF suspended its support under a
``Stand By Arrangement'', approved the previous month, for
economic adjustment and reform in Zimbabwe.
(3) In October 1999, the International Development
Association (in this section referred to as the ``IDA'')
suspended all structural adjustment loans, credits, and
guarantees to the Government of Zimbabwe.
(4) In May 2000, the IDA suspended all other new lending to
the Government of Zimbabwe.
(5) In September 2000, the IDA suspended disbursement of
funds for ongoing projects under previously-approved loans,
credits, and guarantees to the Government of Zimbabwe.
(b) Support for Democratic Transition and Economic
Recovery.--
(1) Bilateral debt relief.--Upon receipt by the appropriate
congressional committees of a certification described in
subsection (d), the Secretary of the Treasury shall undertake
a review of the feasibility of restructuring, rescheduling,
or eliminating the sovereign debt of Zimbabwe held by any
agency of the United States Government.
(2) Multilateral debt relief and other financial
assistance.--It is the sense of Congress that, upon receipt
by the appropriate congressional committees of a
certification described in subsection (d), the Secretary of
the Treasury should--
(A) direct the United States executive director of each
multilateral development bank to propose that the bank should
undertake a review of the feasibility of restructuring,
rescheduling, or eliminating the sovereign debt of Zimbabwe
held by that bank; and
(B) direct the United States executive director of each
international financial institution to which the United
States is a member to propose to undertake financial and
technical support for Zimbabwe, especially support that is
intended to promote Zimbabwe's economic recovery and
development, the stabilization of the Zimbabwean dollar, and
the viability of Zimbabwe's democratic institutions.
(c) Multilateral Financing Restriction.--Until the
President makes the certification described in subsection
(d), and except as may be required to meet basic human needs
or for good governance, the Secretary of the Treasury shall
instruct the United States executive director to each
international financial institution to oppose and vote
against--
(1) any extension by the respective institution of any
loan, credit, or guarantee to the Government of Zimbabwe; or
(2) any cancellation or reduction of indebtedness owed by
the Government of Zimbabwe to the United States or any
international financial institution.
(d) Presidential Certification That Certain Conditions Are
Satisfied.--A certification under this subsection is a
certification transmitted to the appropriate congressional
committees of a determination made by the President that the
following conditions are satisfied:
(1) Restoration of the rule of law.--The rule of law has
been restored in Zimbabwe, including respect for ownership
and title to property, freedom of speech and association, and
an end to the lawlessness, violence, and intimidation
sponsored, condoned, or tolerated by the Government of
Zimbabwe, the ruling party, and their supporters or entities.
(2) Election or pre-election conditions.--Either of the
following two conditions is satisfied:
(A) Presidential election.--Zimbabwe has held a
presidential election that is widely accepted as free and
fair by independent international monitors, and the
president-elect is free to assume the duties of the office.
(B) Pre-election conditions.--In the event the
certification is made before the presidential election takes
place, the Government of Zimbabwe has sufficiently improved
the pre-election environment to a degree consistent with
accepted international standards for security and freedom of
movement and association.
(3) Commitment to equitable, legal, and transparent land
reform.--The Government of Zimbabwe has demonstrated a
commitment to an equitable, legal, and transparent land
reform program consistent with agreements reached at the
International Donors' Conference on Land Reform and
Resettlement in Zimbabwe held in Harare, Zimbabwe, in
September 1998.
(4) Fulfillment of agreement ending war in democratic
republic of congo.--The Government of Zimbabwe is making a
good faith effort to fulfill the terms of the Lusaka, Zambia,
agreement on ending the war in the Democratic Republic of
Congo.
(5) Military and national police subordinate to civilian
government.--The Zimbabwean Armed Forces, the National Police
of Zimbabwe, and other state security forces are responsible
to and serve the elected civilian government.
(e) Waiver.--The President may waive the provisions of
subsection (b)(1) or subsection (c), if the President
determines that it is in the national interest of the United
States to do so.
SEC. 5. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, THE FREE PRESS
AND INDEPENDENT MEDIA, AND THE RULE OF LAW.
(a) In General.--The President is authorized to provide
assistance under part I and chapter 4 of part II of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to--
(1) support an independent and free press and electronic
media in Zimbabwe;
(2) support equitable, legal, and transparent mechanisms of
land reform in Zimbabwe, including the payment of costs
related to the acquisition of land and the resettlement of
individuals, consistent with the International Donors'
Conference on Land Reform and Resettlement in Zimbabwe held
in Harare, Zimbabwe, in September 1998, or any subsequent
agreement relating thereto; and
(3) provide for democracy and governance programs in
Zimbabwe.
(b) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to
carry out part I and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 for fiscal year 2002--
(1) $20,000,000 is authorized to be available to provide
the assistance described in subsection (a)(2); and
(2) $6,000,000 is authorized to be available to provide the
assistance described in subsection (a)(3).
(c) Supersedes Other Laws.--The authority in this section
supersedes any other provision of law.
SEC. 6. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON THE ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN AGAINST
INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR VIOLENCE AND THE
BREAKDOWN OF THE RULE OF LAW IN ZIMBABWE.
It is the sense of Congress that the President should begin
immediate consultation with the governments of European Union
member states, Canada, and other appropriate foreign
countries on ways in which to--
(1) identify and share information regarding individuals
responsible for the deliberate breakdown of the rule of law,
politically motivated violence, and intimidation in Zimbabwe;
(2) identify assets of those individuals held outside
Zimbabwe;
(3) implement travel and economic sanctions against those
individuals and their associates and families; and
(4) provide for the eventual removal or amendment of those
sanctions.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from
[[Page H8759]]
California (Mr. Royce) and the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos)
each will control 20 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from California (Mr. Royce).
General Leave
Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may
have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend their remarks
and include extraneous material on S. 494.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the
gentleman from California?
There was no objection.
Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, I would like to begin by expressing my appreciation to
the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Hyde), the chairman of the Committee
on International Relations, and the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Oxley),
the chairman of the Committee on Financial Services, for moving this
important legislation. I would also like to express my appreciation to
the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos), the ranking member of the
Committee on International Relations, and the gentleman from New Jersey
(Mr. Payne), the ranking member of the Subcommittee on Africa that I
chair, for their support of this bill. With elections approaching in
Zimbabwe, and the conditions on the ground deteriorating, it is
important that we pass the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act
of 2001 before this Congress adjourns.
In Zimbabwe we are sadly seeing a dictator there literally burning
his country down. I feel that he is very desperate there to keep his
perks and avoid accountability for his crimes. As a consequence of
that, he has sanctioned utter anarchy in his homeland in an attempt to
win an election that he has been pressured by Zimbabweans into holding.
I think that if he had his way, Mr. Mugabe would undoubtedly run
Zimbabwe as a one-party State as he did run it during the 1980s, but
Mugabe has spared no means in his attempt to suppress democratic
expression in Zimbabwe. His ZANU-PF Party thugs have employed murder,
mass beatings, systematic torture, gang rape, house burning, death
threats, and every type of police brutality. And while Zimbabwe police
are quick to crack down on peaceful political protests, violent ZANU-PF
operatives are rarely brought to justice. The Zimbabwe Lawyers for
Human Rights group has observed that it is ``outraged by the continued
brutality, lack of respect for fundamental human rights and political
partisanship of the Zimbabwe Republic Police.'' Offices of the
political opposition there are routinely fire-bombed. Dozens of
political opponents have been murdered in State-sanctioned violence,
yet Mr. Mugabe does not speak out against those doing the violence.
Instead, President Mugabe calls the peaceful political opposition
``terrorists'' and vows to crush them.
{time} 1500
For Zimbabweans, it is a sad irony that the Mugabe Government
represses political opponents with the same Law and Order Maintenance
Act which Ian Smith's Rhodesian repressive government pioneered to
prevent majority rule there.
Having led a congressional delegation to Saudi Arabia some years
back, I saw then the climate of fear the Zimbabwe Government long ago
created. This legislation provides reasonable guidelines for U.S.
engagement with Zimbabwe. It expresses the United States' interest in
assisting the Zimbabwean people with economic development; and it
provides funding for such efforts, but only when the climate is right,
that is, when the rule of law has been established and when free and
fair elections are possible.
We must be realistic, though. The prospects are increasingly remote
that the presidential elections, which must be held by March, will be
free and fair. The U.S.-based International Foundation for Electoral
Systems has been chased from the country.
The government rejected a call by the European Union to allow for
election monitors. While it recently relented on its decision, it is
likely to reverse course. The government is likely to again prohibit
those observers from coming in for the elections.
I was scheduled to lead an election observation team for the 2000
parliamentary elections there, but the Zimbabwean Government pulled the
visas at the last minute.
A U.S. District Court judge in New York recently ruled that
Zimbabwe's governing political party, ZANU-PF, was liable for murdering
and torturing its political opponents in the run-up to those elections.
The court found that ZANU-PF, in its organized violence and
methodological terror, worked in tandem with Zimbabwean Government
officials. That was in the year 2000. The current Mugabe Government has
never changed its modus operandi.
Mugabe is doing all that he can to see that the world is not watching
him. The Washington Post and the New York Times reporters have been
denied visas to cover the chaos there. The BBC was booted out in July.
Foreign journalists are routinely harassed and intimidated.
It is Zimbabwean journalists, though, that have borne the brunt of
it. Newspaper offices have been bombed. Against this, we have seen many
profiles in courage. Jeff Nyarota, editor of the Daily News, Zimbabwe's
only independent newspaper, recently won the New York-based Committee
to Protect Journalists Press Freedom Award for his courageous work
uncovering government corruption.
I am certain that this legislation is a morale boost to brave
Zimbabwean journalists who fear that the world ignores them. Let me
just say a word about the economy there.
Predictably, the Zimbabwean economy is now in ruins. With farmland
under government siege, half a million Zimbabweans face starvation in a
country that traditionally produces enough food to export. The current
government is oblivious to the suffering of the people there.
ZANU-PF leadership, though, is not hurting. The U.N. recently
reported how Zimbabwean troops are clear-cutting invaluable forests in
the Democratic Republic of Congo, and proceeds from this environmental
crime assuredly are going to supporting the luxurious lifestyle of
Zimbabwe's ruling elite.
This legislation, importantly, asks the administration to begin a
process of identifying the assets of those involved, those military
personnel involved in just that effort, and to impose personal economic
sanctions against them for breaking down the rule of law in Zimbabwe.
It does not affect trade, however.
This legislation provides aid for lawful and transparent land
resettlement, and I believe that this will have to come after there is
a new government. We should not lose sight of the fact that President
Mugabe has created the current land crisis. He has sanctioned the
violent land invasions and the murders of Zimbabweans, black and white,
precisely because it serves his political interests. That is why many
attempts by the international community to aid a lawful land reform
program have gone for naught.
The latest attempt, the Abuja Agreement, has fallen apart, with the
Mugabe Government intensifying farm invasions and violence. President
Mugabe's land reform program has been to take land and give it to the
generals and to give it to his political associates. Recent reports
have him now giving land to Libyan business partners.
The Mugabe Government has shown little interest in the welfare of the
people of Zimbabwe, and that is why we need to move this legislation.
Mr. Speaker, I include for the Record an exchange of letters between
the gentleman from Ohio (Chairman Oxley) of the Committee on Financial
Services and Chairman Hyde concerning the Senate bill, S. 494:
U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Financial
Services,
Washington, DC, November 30, 2001.
Hon. Henry J. Hyde,
Chairman, Committee on International Relations, Washington,
DC.
Dear Mr. Chairman: I understand that on November 28, 2001,
the Committee on International Relations ordered S. 494, the
Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001,
reported to the House. As you know, the Committee on
Financial Services was granted the primary referral of the
bill upon its introduction pursuant to the Committee's
jurisdiction over debt relief and other financial assistance
under Rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives.
Because of the importance of this matter and your
commitment to address this Committee's concerns, I recognize
your desire to bring this legislation before the House in an
[[Page H8760]]
expeditious manner and will waive consideration of the bill
by the Financial Services Committee. By agreeing to waive its
consideration of the bill, the Financial Services Committee
does not waive its jurisdiction over S. 494. In addition, the
Committee on Financial Services reserves its authority to
seek conferees on any provisions of the bill that are within
its jurisdiction during any House-Senate conference that may
be convened on this legislation. I ask your commitment to
support any request by the Committee on Financial Services
for conferees on S. 494 or related legislation.
I request that you include this letter and your response as
part of the Congressional Record during consideration of the
legislation on the House floor.
Thank you for your attention to these matters.
Sincerely,
Michael G. Oxley,
Chairman.
____
U.S. House of Representatives,
Washington, DC, November 29, 2001.
Hon. Michael Oxley,
Chairman, Committee on Financial Services, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. Chairman: I am writing you concerning the bill S.
494, Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001,
which this Committee ordered reported yesterday. I recognize
that the bill was jointly referred to the Committee on
Financial Services based on your Committee's jurisdiction
over language relating to debt relief and other financial
assistance.
It is my intention to take this matter up under suspension
of the rules. While recognizing your jurisdiction over this
subject matter, I would appreciate your willingness to waive
your right to consider this bill without waiving your
jurisdiction over the general subject matter. I will support
the Speaker's naming Members of your Committee as conferees
on the matter should it get to conference.
As you have requested, I will include this exchange of
letters in the Record during consideration of the resolution.
I appreciate your assistance in getting this important bill
to the floor.
Sincerely,
Henry J. Hyde,
Chairman.
Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, I rise in strong support of S. 494, the Zimbabwe
Democracy and Economic Recovery Act.
First, I would like to commend the distinguished chairman of the
Subcommittee on Africa, my good friend and fellow Californian, the
gentleman from California (Mr. Royce), and the ranking minority member,
our distinguished colleague, the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Payne),
for their active pursuit of human rights, democracy, and decency in
Zimbabwe, and for their strong support for this legislation.
I also want to thank the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Hyde), the
chairman, for expediting the consideration of this important
legislation.
Mr. Speaker, the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001
is designed to support the people of Zimbabwe, and provides a clear
strategy for the United States and Zimbabwe to reengage in normal
political and economic activity. This is an incentives bill, not a
sanctions bill, Mr. Speaker.
Our legislation provides that the United States will initiate a plan
to promote Zimbabwe's economic recovery, but only after certain
political conditions will have been met. These conditions include
restoring the rule of law, ensuring a positive pre-election
environment, pursuing equitable legal and transparent land reform, and
ensuring civilian control of both the military and the police.
The House is acting on this legislation today because, unfortunately,
the situation in Zimbabwe is increasingly grim. Partisan political
violence condoned and encouraged by Mugabe has crippled a once
prosperous economy. Once an exporter of maize, Zimbabwe is set to run
out by February of this coming year. Without emergency humanitarian
assistance, thousands of Zimbabweans will go hungry, fall prey to
disease, and starve.
Mugabe has made the so-called land question central to his political
campaign and used it to justify pervasive violence. He has unleashed
so-called war veterans and party militants on black farm workers, white
farmers, journalists, professionals, academics, and indeed, anyone who
opposes his land seizure policy.
His policy has not unified the country behind him. To the contrary,
according to the most recent opinion poll, his criminal practice is
turning the people of Zimbabwe against him.
Mr. Speaker, Zimbabwe's economic and political disaster threatens the
whole of southern Africa. The Presidents of Africa's three largest
economies, South Africa, Nigeria, and Algeria, recently launched a new
Partnership for Africa's Development. This plan calls for a new
relationship between Africa and the international community; and it is
premised on the African states making commitments to good government,
democracy, and human rights. Zimbabwe, under Mugabe, is the antithesis
of this vision.
Mr. Speaker, our bill provides a set of incentives for Mugabe and his
government to move in the right direction, away from intimidation,
violence, corruption, and Draconian economic policies towards land
reform that reflects the rule of law, policies that restore an
independent judiciary, allow political competition, and support a free
and independent media.
Mr. Speaker, I urge all of our colleagues to vote for this bill. It
will send a strong signal to Mugabe that the people of America reject
the violent situation he has created and that we support the people of
Zimbabwe.
Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from
Arizona (Mr. Flake).
Mr. FLAKE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding time to
me.
I want to thank the Committee on International Relations, and
particularly the gentleman from California (Mr. Royce), for bringing
this issue to the fore, Mr. Speaker, and for fighting for its adoption.
I want to applaud the committee for improving the document as it went
forward into a bill that we can all support.
Mr. Speaker, I had the great privilege in the early 1980s of spending
time in Zimbabwe just soon after the transition to independence. There
was great hope at that point. The people had hoped that the rule of law
and democracy would flourish and take hold.
Twenty years later, that has not been the case. We have a brutal
dictator there who simply does not want to give up power. He does not
want to assent to the rule and to the will of the people.
That is unfortunate. With this legislation we hope, and the purpose
of it is, to help those forces in Zimbabwe who want to bring back
democracy and the rule of law.
Mr. Speaker, I want to caution my colleagues, all of us, to avoid the
kind of drive-by diplomacy that often characterizes our action in
Africa and other third world countries, when we will pay attention when
the issue is hot; and then after a successor regime comes in, we forget
about the country and move on, sometimes leaving sanctions in place or
other items that the successor regime has to work out of.
I hope we do not do that. I am pleased that this bill is not a
sanction bill; that it seeks to target individuals, rather than target
trade in general.
Mr. Speaker, I look forward one day soon to saying to the people of
Zimbabwe, coda ko tu, which means in Shona, congratulations;
congratulations on a return to free and fair elections and on their
return to the rule of law.
Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, I am delighted to yield such time as he may
consume to our distinguished colleague, the gentleman from New Jersey
(Mr. Payne), who probably has more experience in this part of the world
than any of us, and has been a leader on this issue.
Mr. PAYNE. I thank the gentleman for yielding time to me, Mr.
Speaker.
Let me once again commend the gentleman from California (Mr. Royce),
the chairman of the subcommittee, and the gentleman from Illinois (Mr.
Hyde), who brought this before the full committee, and as I indicated,
the leadership of the gentleman from California (Mr. Lantos) on
Committee on International Relations, on which he has served for so
many years.
Mr. Speaker, Zimbabwe is one of the most important countries in
Africa. Many of us remember the people of Zimbabwe's courageous
struggle for independence that took many years of fighting with Mr.
Nkomo and Mr. Mugabe and others.
As I recently said in a letter to President Mugabe, indeed, post-
independence Zimbabwe clearly demonstrates
[[Page H8761]]
much of the best of Africa and what Africans are capable of doing,
despite decades of repressive white rule, as we saw in Rhodesia, by Ian
Smith's government.
After independence, white Zimbabweans were embraced, not chased out
of the country, nor mistreated, as many cynics predicted would happen.
Human rights were largely respected and the rule of law prevailed
across the country.
Mr. Speaker, Zimbabwe has long been a model country with a stable
government, a good educational system, and a modern economy. But in
recent years, conditions have gone from bad to worse, in large part due
to poor leadership. The economy is in shambles, human rights abuses are
extensive, and there seems to be little respect for the rule of law.
The once vibrant independent press is under intense pressure, and the
independence of the judiciary has been compromised due to intrusive
government actions.
The United States is not the only government concerned about the
deteriorating situation in Zimbabwe. According to an article in today's
New York Times, several neighboring countries, including South Africa
and Botswana, have expressed their frustrations with the government of
Zimbabwe's obstructionist behavior.
The Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act is a small effort on
our part to help bring much needed stability to Zimbabwe. Why this
legislation now and why Zimbabwe? Simple: Zimbabwe is too important to
ignore, and the legislation offers a credible policy option to deal
with the challenges that face Zimbabwe today.
Unfortunately, the situation in Zimbabwe is deteriorating by the day.
Dozens of people have been killed, the rule of law is nonexistent, and
authoritarian tendencies have reached a very dangerous level.
I strongly believe it is in our interests and in the interests of
Zimbabwe and Africa not to allow another African country to go down
this way.
{time} 1515
Instability in Zimbabwe threatens the entire sub-region of southern
Africa. We cannot afford to have another Somalia in southern Africa.
Mr. Speaker, some people have deliberately portrayed this legislation
as punitive, and sanction legislation. They are dead wrong. What are
the key objectives? Simply put, Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic
Recovery Act has three key objectives. One, a just and equitable land
reform, consistent with the rule of law. Two, a conducive environment
for free and fair elections. And, three, the respect for human rights
and the rule of law.
Mr. Speaker, if the above conditions are met by the Government of
Zimbabwe, the legislation, one, authorizes $20 million for land reform,
and an additional $6 million to promote democracy. Two, it will assist
in debt relief. Three, it will support lifting of restrictions by the
IMF and the World Bank. Fourth, we would urge our country to have AGOA,
the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, introduced in Zimbabwe.
So this is a bill to say let us have transparent elections. Let us
allow the rule of law. Let us let the independent parties have their
platform told. And by doing that we will embrace and we will move
Zimbabwe back.
Mr. Speaker, this is a good bill that will go a long way in
strengthening our ties with the people of Zimbabwe who truly deserve
our support. We must be steadfast in our commitment to the people of
Zimbabwe. We should not and must not turn a blind eye to abuses in
Zimbabwe, and therefore I urge all of my colleagues to support this
legislation.
Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from
Louisiana (Mr. Cooksey).
Mr. COOKSEY. Mr. Speaker, I would like to echo the remarks of my
friend, the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Payne). I feel that he knows
more and has done more than probably most anyone else in this body for
the people of Africa. He has been there many times. He knows it well
and he has worked hard.
The chairman of the subcommittee, the gentleman from California (Mr.
Royce) has worked equally hard and, I feel, been equally effective.
What does this bill call for? This bill calls for support of
democratic institutions. It calls for a free press and independent
media. And yes, it calls for the rule of law, including private
property rights. These seem like simple expectations, but yet they
would be major, major advances for the people of Zimbabwe.
What does this bill offer? What does it threaten? First, there are no
sanctions involved. There is the offer of debt relief and there is the
offer of aid for land reform if the people of Zimbabwe, if the
Government of Zimbabwe is able to carry out these changes.
Land reform seems to be the major issue. I appreciate those calling
for land reform and I agree that land reform is the key to Zimbabwe's
future. But why has land reform not worked in Zimbabwe? Basically
Mugabe has essentially stolen the money that he had that had been given
to this country to carry out land reform. He distributes the land that
has already been purchased, purchased with international money in many
cases, a major portion of it from the U.K., and there were countries
lined up in 1998 to give a major amount of money to this country. But
Zimbabwe under the leadership of Mugabe has given this land, the money,
to his political cronies, to the fat cats, to the generals, to his
political supporters. He distributes the land that has already been
purchased to his allies and not to the people of Zimbabwe who need it.
Even Mugabe's fellow African leaders recognize that Mugabe's policies
are the reason that land reform has not worked.
Mugabe was an important leader but he stayed too long. He now cares
solely for his own power, not for the welfare of his people. But he is
resorting to violence to hold onto his own power. The time for such
dictators has passed.
There are neighboring countries, Botswana, South Africa, Malawi, all
of whom have democratic institutions, free press and the rule of law.
Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, in closing, what a depressing contrast between
Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe and South Africa's Nelson Mandela. President
Mandela prized democracy. He prized the rule of law. He stepped down
from power when people were telling him he was a king. He brought races
together. And we contrast that with the situation where President
Mugabe threatens his political opponents with death.
What we have in Zimbabwe is a man who sends his operatives to
terrorize teachers, to terrorize teachers because they are the poll
guards basically, they are the individuals who do the monitoring of the
elections; to terrorize the doctors, and to terrorize others working
for a better future.
A recent Zimbabwe Catholic Bishops' Conference Pastoral letter noted,
``Violence, intimidation, and threats are the tools of failed
politicians.'' They are the dastardly tools of the men now ruling
Zimbabwe.
The political opposition in Zimbabwe deserves credit for remaining
peaceful in the face of violence. For years now, its members have been
beaten, they have been tortured, they have been killed; and they have
resisted going on an offensive throughout this. Their discipline will
be further tested in the coming months as the Mugabe regime provokes
unrest to legitimize canceling the elections.
I hope that the political opposition remain steadfastly committed to
nonviolence. I have great confidence in the brave Zimbabweans who are
struggling against tyranny so that their country can begin to reach its
potential.
The legislation we are considering today lays a foundation for the
U.S. to contribute to that future, and I ask that my colleagues support
Senate bill 494.
Mr. BEREUTER. Mr. Speaker, this Member rises in strong support of S.
494, the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001. This
Member would like to thank the Chairman of the House International
Relations Committee, the distinguished gentleman from Illinois (Mr.
Hyde), for bringing this measure to the Floor expeditiously after the
Committee's consideration of it. In addition, this Member would like to
thank the Chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, the
distinguished gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Oxley) for his supportive role
in this legislation. This Member also appreciates the
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Chairman of the International Relations Subcommittee on Africa, the
distinguished gentleman from California (Mr. Royce), for his
longstanding dedication to following U.S. foreign policy toward Africa.
Indeed, there are few Members in this Body who can have so convincingly
outlined the horrific atrocities which Zimbabwe's President Robert
Mugabe has committed against the people of Zimbabwe.
The Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001 sets up a
Presidential certification process for Zimbabwe which is contingent
upon the following: restoration of the rule of law; certain electoral
and land ownership reforms; fulfillment of agreement ending war in the
Democratic Republic of Congo; and military and national police
subordination to the civilian government in Zimbabwe. Until this
Presidential certification is made, and except as may be required to
meet basic human needs or for good governance, this legislation would
require the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct the United States
Executive Director to each international financial institution (IFI) to
oppose and vote against both of the following: (1) any extension by the
respective institution of any loan, credit, or guarantee to the
Government of Zimbabwe; or (2) any cancellation or reduction of
indebtedness owed by the Government of Zimbabwe to the United States or
any international financial institution. This Member is pleased that it
is currently the Administration's policy for U.S. representatives to
the IFIs to oppose and vote against loans and debt restructuring for
Zimbabwe.
It is important to note that, in September 1999, the International
Monetary Fund suspended its ``Stand By Arrangement,'' which had been
approved the prior month, for economic adjustment and reform in
Zimbabwe. In addition, the International Development Association, which
is the concessional window of the World Bank, suspended all structural
adjustment loans, credits, and guarantee to the Government of Zimbabwe
in October of 1999.
Furthermore, during the International Relations Committee's
consideration of S. 494, this Member offered an amendment which struck
from the legislation a provision which would have created a Southern
Africa Finance Center to be located in Zimbabwe. The center was to
have included regional offices for the Overseas Private Investment
Corporation (OPIC), the Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im), and the Trade and
Development Agency (TDA).
While it is important for the U.S. to offer incentives to Zimbabwe to
encourage political and economic reform, it is critical that those
carrots be appropriate for the conditions. Even with significant
changes in Zimbabwe's political climate, the country simply will not
have the infrastructure in the near future to support such a center for
the entire region. Additionally, this center would be a completely new
endeavor for two of the U.S. agencies--namely OPIC and the Ex-Im Bank--
neither of which currently have offices outside of the U.S.
However, that is not to say that the agencies cannot or should not
play a critical role in stabilizing the region's economic health.
Indeed, this Member would like to commend the Ex-Im Bank for developing
a Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee which has facilitated a
dramatic increase in Ex-Im's investment in Africa. As the Chairman of
the House Financial Services Subcommittee on International Monetary
Policy and Trade, this Member introduced H.R. 2871, the Export-Import
Bank Reauthorization Act of 2001, which, among other things, would
reauthorize this Sub-Saharan Africa Advisory Committee for four years
until FY2005. This legislation, which passed the House Financial
Services Committee on October 31, 2001, would also create an Office on
Africa to further enhance the Ex-Im Bank's emphasis on Africa.
Additionally, this Member is very pleased that in lieu of the
Southern Africa Finance Center originally included in S. 494, the Bush
administration has announced the creation of an Africa Regional Trade
and Development Office which will be located in Johannesburg, South
Africa, and will serve all of Sub-Saharan Africa. This announcement was
made after the Senate considered and passed S. 494.
Through this office, the TDA, which will serve as the lead agency at
the center, can more closely coordinate its trade development and
promotion activities in the region with local governments and with U.S.
representatives already on the ground. Perhaps some day Zimbabwe might
serve as an appropriate location for a branch office of the Africa
Regional Trade and Development Office. Until then, the Administration's
proposal appears to be the most viable option to provide Sub-Saharan
Africa with the access to economic development and trade promotion
tools which the region desperately needs to build economic stability.
Mr. Speaker, this Member encourages his colleagues to vote for S.
494.
Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of important
legislation, S. 494, the Zimbabwe Democracy and Recovery Act. First and
foremost, I want to thank Mr. Royce and Mr. Payne, for bringing this
important piece of legislation to the floor. Unlike previous bills that
sought to penalize the people of Zimbabwe, this bill offers incentives
to help guide their nation on a path of political and economic reform
with United States assistance.
I have watched the Zimbabwe crisis unfold over the past several years
and am deeply concerned about the increasing repression and violence
which has created deepening concern over the manner in which the
upcoming elections will be conducted. Our hope in the Congress is that
Zimbabwe will become a model for other democracies around the world by
ensuring that the upcoming elections are executed in a free and fair
manner which assures full participation by all its citizens and
manifests the will of the people.
The challenges that the nation of Zimbabwe faces are great. Zimbabwe
is plagued with a horrific economic crisis that is characterized by
extreme poverty, food shortages, and widespread loss of jobs and
negative economic growth. These problems must be seriously addressed
and dealt with in this nation's recovery efforts, but they cannot be
unless political stability is achieved.
It is of the utmost importance that stability and economic viability
are restored to the people of Zimbabwe. I believe that this bill, the
Zimbabwe Democracy and Recovery Act of 2001, is the first step in
achieving this end goal. Through the passage of this bill, not only
will Zimbabwe benefit, but the entire southern region of Africa that
has been impacted by this crisis will also stand to benefit from the
passage of this legislation.
The Zimbabwe Democracy and Recovery Act of 2001 provides that when
imperative political conditions are met, such as, restoring the rule of
law, conducting fair political elections, and providing for equitable
and legal land reform, that the U.S. will initiate an economic recovery
policy. It also provides financial incentives, which include bilateral
debt relief and U.S. support for similar action with the International
Financial Institutions.
This bill offers an opportunity for the U.S. and Zimbabwe to re-
engage on the road to democracy and economic recovery. It recognizes
the need for land reform and for the first time provides tangible U.S.
support for its achievement. It authorizes $20m for land reform efforts
and $6m for democracy and governance.
This piece of legislation is very important to the friends of Africa
who are dedicated to stopping civil conflict which impedes development
and who continue to work on increasing trade opportunities and
promoting economic growth for African nations.
I stand today in support of this bill and urge all of my colleagues
to also show their support for a democratic and prosperous future in
Zimbabwe and the southern region of Africa.
Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise to voice my support for S. 494, which
declares that it is U.S. policy to support the Zimbabwean people in
their struggles to effect peaceful, democratic change, achieve broad-
based and equitable economic growth, and to restore the rule of law to
that troubled country. Furthermore, I fully support the bill's
authorization of additional funding to non-governmental organizations
working with the people of Zimbabwe to promote good governance and the
rule of law.
Today, Zimbabwe continues to face difficult social, economic and
political problems. The goal of U.S. policy toward Zimbabwe must be to
assist its development into a stable, free-market democracy, both as a
goal in itself and as a bulwark against regional instability and
conflict. However, this cannot be achieved until the government of
Zimbabwe undertakes comprehensive reforms to enfranchise its people
politically and economically.
The essential foundations of freedom and democracy are free and fair
elections, a free and open press, and the development of democratic
institutions based on the rule of law. However, all evidence points to
the conclusion that these institutions do not currently exist in
Zimbabwe, and that respect for the rule of law is seriously lacking. I
regret that a sense of Congress is necessary to express our view that
sanctions must be necessary to bring about the necessary reforms and
democracy to Zimbabwe. Let me be clear: our goal is not to harm the
people of Zimbabwe but rather to send a clear signal to its government
that an expeditious transition to democracy is imperative. The people
of Zimbabwe have waited much too long and endured far too many
hardships, and clearly deserve better.
I also want to voice my concern with regards to Libya's attempts to
establish military ties with the government of Zimbabwe. I hope that
the Zimbabwe government sees its future in an alignment with Western
democracies and not with state-sponsors of terrorism such as Libya.
We truly hope the government of Zimbabwe takes advantage of the
opportunities presented by this legislation, and will seek to build
better relations with the United States. Should the government of
Zimbabwe choose
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to improve its democratic record, and establish good governance and the
rule of law, its success will serve as a model for other countries in
the region.
Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of this
legislation, which renews our commitment to the stabilization of the
Zimbabwean democracy and reaffirms our commitment to the establishment
of democratic principles throughout the African sub-continent.
This legislation sends a strong message to the rest of the world
regarding our intentions toward Zimbabwe with its opening language:
``It is the policy of the United States to support the people of
Zimbabwe in their struggle to effect peaceful, democratic change,
achieve broad-based and equitable economic growth, and restore the rule
of law.''
The need for such a forthright statement from this nation has been
pressing for some time. International news agencies have chronicled the
decent into political anarchy within Zimbabwe over the last year, as
armed bands of ``veterans'' attacked homesteads and other economic and
farming interests with the support of the Mugabe regime. These
interests claim an unfair distribution of resources in the nation, and
highlight the need for positive action by the United States.
Mr. Speaker, Zimbabwe is a nation of many needs. HIV/AIDS is ravaging
the population at a rate of 25%, and the current average life
expectancy of her citizens is only 37 years. The nation had a
protracted role in the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and
this action and other budgetary mismanagement issues have resulted in
Zimbabwe being ineligible for IMF and International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development programs, further stressing the people
of this nation.
Mr. Speaker, this legislation allows the U.S. to acknowledge both the
dire economic and social needs of the Zimbabweans while seeking a
positive resolution of the political crisis that animates this
struggle. This legislation directs the U.S. government to restructure
or forgive loans contributing to the sovereign debt of Zimbabwe by any
agency of the U.S. government. This act also creates a Southern Africa
Finance Center to be located within Zimbabwe that will coordinate the
regional offices of OPIC, Eximbank, and TDA in order to help with the
economic stabilization of Zimbabwe.
Thus, Mr. Speaker, Congress has provided good incentives for the
political leaders in Zimbabwe to work towards reestablishing the rule
of law for their people. These benefits will only accrue to Zimbabwe if
the President certifies that the rule of law and respect for ownership,
property, and freedom of speech has been restored; that the next
Zimbabwean election is a free and fair contest; that transparent land
reform procedures are enacted; that Zimbabwe contributes a good faith
effort to the Lusaka Accords ending the war in the Democratic Republic
of Congo; and that the military and national police in the nation are
``responsible to and serve the elected civilian government. These
requirements can be waived, however, if the President deems it in the
national interest to do so.
Fulfillment of these requirements will be a hard task, and thus this
legislation includes monies for the land reform and democracy and
governance programs in Zimbabwe.
Mr. Speaker, in these times of global uncertainty, the ever present
goal of the U.S. is the widespread development of democratic principle
that place the benefits of good governance in the hands of citizens and
not politicians. This legislation demonstrates to the rest of the world
that we stand for the principles of freedom and democracy above all.
Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Speaker, I have no further requests for time, and I
yield back the balance of my time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Petri). The question is on the motion
offered by the gentleman from California (Mr. Royce) that the House
suspend the rules and pass the Senate bill, S. 494, as amended.
The question was taken.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. In the opinion of the Chair, two-thirds of
those present have voted in the affirmative.
Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, on that I demand the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XX and the
Chair's prior announcement, further proceedings on this motion will be
postponed.
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