[Congressional Record Volume 147, Number 161 (Tuesday, November 27, 2001)]
[House]
[Pages H8378-H8386]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
CLEAN DIAMOND TRADE ACT
Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the
bill (H.R. 2722), to implement a system of requirements on the
importation of diamonds and for other purposes, as amended.
The Clerk read as follows:
H.R. 2722
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Clean Diamond Trade Act''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Funds derived from the sale of rough diamonds are being
used by rebels and state actors to finance military
activities, overthrow legitimate governments, subvert
international efforts to promote peace and stability, and
commit horrifying atrocities against unarmed civilians.
During the past decade, more than 6,500,000 people from
Sierra Leone, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of the
Congo have been driven from their homes by wars waged in
large part for control of diamond mining areas. A million of
these are refugees eking out a miserable existence in
neighboring countries, and tens
[[Page H8379]]
of thousands have fled to the United States. Approximately
3,700,000 people have died during these wars.
(2) The countries caught in this fighting are home to
nearly 70,000,000 people whose societies have been torn apart
not only by fighting but also by terrible human rights
violations.
(3) Human rights advocates, the diamond trade as
represented by the World Diamond Council, and the United
States Government recently began working to block the trade
in conflict diamonds. Their efforts have helped to build a
consensus that action is urgently needed to end the trade in
conflict diamonds.
(4) The United Nations Security Council has acted at
various times under chapter VII of the Charter of the United
Nations to address threats to international peace and
security posed by conflicts linked to diamonds. Through these
actions, it has prohibited all states from exporting weapons
to certain countries affected by such conflicts. It has
further required all states to prohibit the direct and
indirect import of rough diamonds from Angola and Sierra
Leone unless the diamonds are controlled under specified
certificate of origin regimes and to prohibit absolutely for
a period of 12 months the direct and indirect import of rough
diamonds from Liberia.
(5) In response, the United States implemented sanctions
restricting the importation of rough diamonds from Angola and
Sierra Leone to those diamonds accompanied by specified
certificates of origin and fully prohibiting the importation
of rough diamonds from Liberia. In order to put an end to the
emergency situation in international relations, to maintain
international peace and security, and to protect its
essential security interests, and pursuant to its obligations
under the United Nations Charter, the United States is now
taking further action against trade in conflict diamonds.
(6) Without effective action to eliminate trade in conflict
diamonds, the trade in legitimate diamonds faces the threat
of a consumer backlash that could damage the economies of
countries not involved in the trade in conflict diamonds and
penalize members of the legitimate trade and the people they
employ. To prevent that, South Africa and more than 30 other
countries are involved in working, through the ``Kimberley
Process'', toward devising a solution to this problem. As the
consumer of a majority of the world's supply of diamonds, the
United States has an obligation to help sever the link
between diamonds and conflict and press for implementation of
an effective solution.
(7) Failure to curtail the trade in conflict diamonds or to
differentiate between the trade in conflict diamonds and the
trade in legitimate diamonds could have a severe negative
impact on the legitimate diamond trade in countries such as
Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Tanzania.
(8) Initiatives of the United States seek to resolve the
regional conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa which facilitate the
trade in conflict diamonds.
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Conflict diamonds.--The term ``conflict diamonds''
means rough diamonds the import of which is prohibited by
United Nations Security Council Resolutions because that
trade is fueling conflict.
(2) Diamonds.--The term ``diamonds'' means diamonds
classifiable under subheading 7102.31.00 or subheading
7102.39.00 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United
States.
(3) Polished diamonds.--The term ``polished diamonds''
means diamonds classifiable under subheading 7102.39.00 of
the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.
(4) Rough diamonds.--The term ``rough diamonds'' means
diamonds that are unworked, or simply sawn, cleaved, or
bruted, classifiable under subheading 7102.31.00 of the
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.
(5) United states.--The term ``United States'', when used
in the geographic sense, means the several States, the
District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or
possession of the United States.
SEC. 4. MEASURES TO PREVENT IMPORTS OF CONFLICT DIAMONDS.
(a) Authority of the President.--The President may
prohibit, in whole or in part, imports of rough diamonds into
the United States from any country that does not take
effective measures to stop trade in conflict diamonds as long
as the prohibition is--
(1) necessary to protect the essential security interests
of the United States, or pursuant to United Nations Security
Council Resolutions on conflict diamonds; and
(2) consistent with the foreign policy interests of the
United States, including the international obligations of the
United States.
(b) Effective Measures.--For purposes of this Act,
effective measures are measures that--
(1) meet the requirements of United Nations Security
Council Resolutions on trade in conflict diamonds;
(2) meet the requirements of an international arrangement
on conflict diamonds as long as the measures also meet the
requirements of United Nations Security Council Resolutions
on trade in conflict diamonds; or
(3) contain the following elements, or their functional
equivalent, if such elements are sufficient to meet the
requirements of United Nations Security Council Resolutions
on trade in conflict diamonds:
(A) With respect to exports from countries where rough
diamonds are extracted, secure packaging, accompanied by
officially validated documentation certifying the country of
origin, total carat weight, and value.
(B) With respect to exports from countries where rough
diamonds are extracted, a system of verifiable controls on
rough diamonds from mine to export.
(C) With respect to countries that reexport rough diamonds,
a system of controls designed to ensure that no conflict
diamonds have entered the legitimate trade in rough diamonds.
(D) Verifiable recordkeeping by all companies and
individuals engaged in mining, import, and export of rough
diamonds within the territory of the exporting country,
subject to inspection and verification by authorized
government authorities in accordance with national
regulations.
(E) Government publication on a periodic basis of official
rough diamond export and import statistics.
(F) Implementation of proportionate and dissuasive
penalties against any persons who violate laws and
regulations designed to combat trade in conflict diamonds.
(G) Full cooperation with the United Nations or other
official international bodies examining the trade in conflict
diamonds, especially with respect to any inspection and
monitoring of the trade in rough diamonds.
(c) Exclusions.--The provisions of this section do not
apply to--
(1) rough diamonds imported by or on behalf of a person for
personal use and accompanying a person upon entry into the
United States;
(2) rough diamonds previously exported from the United
States and reimported by the same importer, without having
been advanced in value or improved in condition by any
process or other means while abroad, if the importer declares
that the reimportation of the rough diamonds satisfies the
requirements of this paragraph; or
(3) rough diamonds for which the importer provides evidence
to the satisfaction of the United States Customs Service (or
analogous officials of a territory or possession of the
United States with its own customs administration) that the
importation does not include conflict diamonds.
SEC. 5. PROHIBITION OF POLISHED DIAMONDS AND JEWELRY.
The President may prohibit specific entries of polished
diamonds and jewelry containing diamonds if the President has
credible evidence that such polished diamonds and jewelry
were produced with conflict diamonds.
SEC. 6. ENFORCEMENT.
Diamonds and jewelry containing diamonds imported into the
United States in violation of any prohibition imposed under
section 4 or 5 are subject to the seizure and forfeiture
laws, and all criminal and civil laws of the United States
shall apply, to the same extent as any other violation of the
customs and navigation laws of the United States.
SEC. 7. REPORTS.
(a) Annual Reports.--Not later than one year after the
effective date of this Act, and every 12 months thereafter,
the President shall transmit to Congress a report--
(1) describing actions taken by countries that have
exported rough diamonds to the United States during the
preceding 12-month period to implement effective measures to
stop trade in conflict diamonds;
(2) identifying those countries that have exported rough
diamonds to the United States during the preceding 12-month
period and are not implementing effective measures to stop
trade in conflict diamonds and whose failure to do so has
significantly increased the likelihood that conflict diamonds
are being imported into the United States;
(3) describing appropriate actions, which may include
actions under sections 4 and 5, that may be taken by the
United States, or actions that may be taken or are being
taken by each country identified under paragraph (2), to
ensure that conflict diamonds are not being imported into the
United States from such country; and
(4) identifying any additional countries involved in
conflicts linked to rough diamonds that are not the subject
of United Nations Security Council Resolutions on conflict
diamonds.
(b) Semiannual Reports.--For each country identified in
subsection (a)(2), the President shall, every 6 months after
the initial report in which the country was identified,
transmit to Congress a report that explains what actions have
been taken by the United States or such country since the
previous report to ensure that conflict diamonds are not
being imported from that country into the United States. The
requirement to issue a semiannual report with respect to a
country under this subsection shall remain in effect until
such time as the country implements effective measures.
SEC. 8. GAO REPORT.
Not later than 3 years after the effective date of this
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall
transmit a report to Congress on the effectiveness of the
provisions of this Act in preventing the importation of
conflict diamonds under section 4. The Comptroller General
shall include in the report any recommendations on any
modifications to this Act that may be necessary.
[[Page H8380]]
SEC. 9. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
(a) International Arrangement.--It is the sense of Congress
that the President should take the necessary steps to
negotiate an international arrangement, working in concert
with the Kimberley Process referred to in section 2(6), to
eliminate the trade in conflict diamonds. Such an
international arrangement should create an effective global
system of controls covering countries that export and import
rough diamonds, and should contain the elements described in
section 4(b)(3).
(b) Additional Security Council Resolutions.--It is the
sense of Congress that the President should take the
necessary steps to seek United Nations Security Council
Resolutions with respect to trade in diamonds from additional
countries identified under section 7(a)(4).
(c) Trade in Legitimate Diamonds.--It is the sense of
Congress that the provisions of this Act should not impede
the trade in legitimate diamonds with countries which are
working constructively to eliminate trade in conflict
diamonds, including through the negotiation of an effective
international arrangement to eliminate trade in conflict
diamonds.
(d) Implementation of Effective Measures.--It is the sense
of Congress that companies involved in diamond extraction and
trade should make financial contributions to countries
seeking to implement any effective measures to stop trade in
conflict diamonds described in section 4(b), if those
countries would have financial difficulty implementing those
measures.
SEC. 10. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There is authorized to be appropriated to the President
$5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2002 and 2003 to provide
assistance to countries seeking to implement any effective
measures to stop trade in conflict diamonds described in
section 4(b), if those countries would have financial
difficulty implementing those measures.
SEC. 11. EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Act shall take effect on the date of the enactment of
this Act.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from
California (Mr. Thomas) and the gentleman from California (Mr. Matsui)
each will control 20 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from California (Mr. Thomas).
Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume;
and following that, I yield the balance of my time to the gentleman
from New York (Mr. Houghton), and I ask unanimous consent that Mr.
Houghton control the remainder of the time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the
gentleman from California?
There was no objection.
Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, it is my pleasure to tell my colleagues that
the process of accommodation and compromise is alive and well. The
legislation we have in front of us is supported by the administration,
and I have for the Record and, when appropriate, I will place in the
Record the letter from the United States Department of State which
indicates that the administration supports H.R. 2722. It does so as a
means to sever the link, the letter says, between the rough and
conflict diamonds, while preserving the trade in legitimate diamonds.
The letter goes on to say: ``The Office of Management and Budget
advises that from the standpoint of the administration's program, there
is no objection to the submission of this letter.''
Mr. Speaker, I will insert the letter for the Record at this time.
Department of State,
Washington, DC, November 27, 2001.
Hon. William M. Thomas,
Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, House of
Representatives.
Dear Mr. Chairman: The Administration supports H.R. 2722,
the Clean Diamond Trade Act, as amended.
Funds derived from the sale of rough diamonds are being
used to fund rebel conflicts and commit atrocities against
unarmed civilians. Passage of H.R. 2722 would further the
objectives of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions
on these conflict diamonds by giving the President the
discretion to prohibit imports of rough diamonds into the
United States from any country that does not take effective
measures to stop trade in conflict diamonds. The
Administration supports this amended bill as a means to sever
the link between rough and conflict diamonds while preserving
the trade in legitimate diamonds.
The Office of Management and Budget advises that from the
standpoint of the Administration's program, there is no
objection to the submission of this letter.
I hope this information is useful to you. Please do not
hesitate to call if we can be of further assistance.
Sincerely,
Paul V. Kelly,
Assistant Secretary,
Legislative Affairs.
Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall), the
gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Wolf), and especially on the committee,
the chairman and the subcommittee chairman, the gentleman from New York
(Mr. Houghton). I know also that the gentleman from California (Mr.
Matsui) was involved, as well as the gentleman from New York (Mr.
Rangel) was involved, and the gentleman from California (Mr. Stark) was
involved in producing a piece of legislation in which we meet the basic
objectives, but which no one is now in opposition to, and that includes
the administration.
That is the way we are supposed to resolve the legislation in areas
that are so sensitive, and the question of whether or not we try to
regulate the movement of every diamond on Earth, or we set up a process
in which people who are utilizing the sale of diamonds to carry out
acts of terrorism and other heinous acts are unable to do so.
Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
I rise in support of this important legislation. First, I would like
to take this opportunity to thank the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall),
the gentleman from New York (Mr. Houghton), and the gentleman from
Virginia (Mr. Wolf) for their tenacity and commitment in seeing this
bill through. Each of them has helped keep the spotlight focused on the
terrible toll this trade in conflict diamonds has had on the people of
sub-Saharan Africa.
Second, I want to express our appreciation to the administration and
certainly to the gentleman from California (Mr. Thomas) for working
with all interested parties, including the ranking member, the
gentleman from New York (Mr. Rangel), a member of the committee, to
develop this bill.
I know that the administration and the gentleman from California (Mr.
Thomas) had reservations with the legislation; however, they took the
time necessary to review those reservations and to develop a mutually
acceptable response to this issue. As the gentleman from California has
said, no one opposes this legislation at this time.
The bill we are discussing, the Clean Diamond Trade Act, sends an
important message of support to a continent which has seen far more
than its fair share of pain and suffering. It reflects a strong
commitment to the ongoing international dialogue that is aimed at
dealing with this difficult problem. As with all compromises, this bill
does not have everything the original sponsors would like to see in it.
However, it is a significant step in the right direction.
Passage of the Clean Diamond Trade Act will undercut a conflict
diamond trade that has financed organizations that have killed several
million people, driven millions from their homes, and committed
countless human rights abuses. The violent conflicts spurred by these
groups are an impediment to growth and development throughout sub-
Saharan Africa. By stemming this illegal trade, we can remove a key
barrier to progress and prosperity in these countries.
Passage of this bill also will help our war against terrorism, as
conflict diamonds have become increasingly part of the money laundering
activities of the al Qaeda organization. Furthermore, if we pass this
bill, we will preserve the dignity of an entire industry which can and
should be a source of wealth for countries around the world. If we pass
this bill, we promote legitimate diamond trade, allowing countries like
Botswana to continue to benefit from the rich natural resource
endowment.
{time} 1730
If we pass this bill, Mr. Speaker, we send a signal to the
international community that we are engaged, that we take this issue
seriously, and we hope an international agreement can be reached soon
that will bring us one step closer to eradicating this blight.
Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. HOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Mr. Speaker, I want to also thank various individuals. Obviously, I
thank the gentleman from California (Mr. Matsui). I would like to thank
the gentleman from New York (Mr. Rangel) on the other side.
I would like to thank particularly the gentleman from Virginia (Mr.
Wolf) on this side. I think the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Wolf) and
[[Page H8381]]
the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall) are an absolutely lethal one-two
punch. They are terrific, and they have done an absolutely fabulous job
in this.
Let me talk a little bit about this bill. I may be redundant, but I
would like to express my own feelings.
This is a bill which was drafted by a variety of us, and the USTR and
the State Department also agrees with it. It authorizes the President,
as has been said earlier, to ban all rough diamonds from any country
that has not made an effort to control the trade in conflict, or, as we
call them, blood diamonds.
This bill, H.R. 2722, gives the administration the authority to ban
the import of these diamonds. This would go a long way to help end the
international traffic of blood diamonds which are responsible for
really three things: first of all, strong rebel activity in Africa,
primarily Sierra Leone, Angola, and the Congo; secondly, horrendous
human rights atrocities in these countries; and third, also, funding of
terrorists and other illegal activities, such as the al-Qaeda terror
network.
The bill gives plenty of flexibility to the administration to use
diplomatic avenues to address the problem before outright banning all
diamonds from the country. It also protects the legitimate diamond
trade, ensuring that countries such as South Africa and Botswana,
Belgium, and Israel are not adversely affected.
The bill also defers to the so-called Kimberley process, which is a
process that is working on the implementation of the system of
standards and controls which are currently developed in these
multilateral negotiations. It does not adopt a system or otherwise
undermine any of those negotiations that are going on.
Most importantly, in the Committee on Ways and Means the bill remains
consistent with the international trade obligations.
There are so many people to thank, and a lot of them have already
been thanked. Others will be thanked later on. This is a good bill. We
hope that it is passed today and accepted by the Senate so the
President can sign it before the end of the year.
Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio
(Mr. Hall).
(Mr. HALL of Ohio asked and was given permission to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding me
the time.
Mr. Speaker, this bill has been a long time in coming. I remember
when the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Wolf) and I went to Sierra Leone.
We have visited many difficult places in Africa and Asia, but I
remember especially the time we went to Sierra Leone almost 2 years ago
to this week.
There we saw just hundreds of thousands of people that were just not
only destroyed, maimed, run off their homes and places where they
needed to grow the crops, but it is happening all over parts of West
Africa: Angola, Sierra Leone, the Congo.
What people are doing is taking these diamonds, they call them
conflict diamonds or blood diamonds, and then they seize them and use
them to buy arms and goods and services and training and drugs. Then
they terrorize whole countries and populations. We have even found in
the last few weeks that a lot of this money has gone into the terrorist
association of bin Laden.
What this bill is all about, really, is very simple: It is about
saving lives. It is about drying up civil war. It is about drying up
the problems that come with trading with conflict diamonds here in the
United States.
Why is this important to us? Why should we even care about it? What
does it have to do with us in the United States?
Well, it has a lot to do with us. We buy somewhere between 60 and 65
percent of all the diamonds in the world every year. So people sitting
in Dayton, Ohio, or Boise, Idaho, they can do something about it
because they do not have to buy diamonds certainly that are blood
diamonds or conflict diamonds, but they can be careful.
But because we did not have any system of regulations or rules, we
have not had a law. It is just like the shoes that we wear today: We
know exactly where they came from, who made them; the piece of cheese
we eat tonight, we know exactly where the cheese came from. Maybe we
will have a glass of wine, and we will know exactly where it came from;
the suits on our backs, the ties. But with diamonds, we have no idea
where they came from. There is no system, no regulation, and there is
no certification.
That is what this bill does, for the first time. It gives the
President broad powers, and it gives our Customs broad powers. There is
a program and they have to be certified. They have to be transparent.
They have to come from a country. It has to be a legitimate trade.
This bill sets up the vehicle of the Kimberley process, which
involves 30 or 40 nations, and I think they will get a lot of direction
out of this bill. I think it is very important that we pass this.
I want to thank the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Wolf), who has been
a great partner, a good friend, and has worked very hard on this. He
has been a driving force behind it.
I thank the gentleman from New York (Mr. Houghton), who has been
wonderful in the Committee on Ways and Means; the gentleman from
California (Mr. Thomas) and his staff; certainly the gentleman from New
York (Mr. Rangel); the gentlewoman from Georgia (Ms. McKinney), and
many others; especially Senator Durbin, Senator DeWine, Senator
Feingold. They have been great on this issue. This has been a
bipartisan effort.
This bill will go a long way in saving lives. That is a pretty nice
thing to say, to say that we can pass a piece of legislation here that
will go a long way to end the killing and maiming and the terrorist
activity and to dry up their sources of funds by passing this
legislation.
So I am very thankful to have a chance to speak on it, to be a
supporter of this, and to be a sponsor, along with my friends. I urge
the House to pass this bill.
Mr. Speaker, today, Congress begins to put the muscle of the world's
biggest market into efforts to end the scourge of conflict diamonds.
These are gems that fund wars in Africa--and create the lawless chaos
that terrorists need to build their operations. The Clean Diamond Trade
Act will give the President ample authority to begin to right some
terrible wrongs:
1. The President can use this legislation as a scalpel, to go after
countries and companies who have let this problem fester. They are a
cancer that threatens the legitimate trade in diamonds and the
countries that depend on it.
2. He can use it as a spotlight, to name and shame countries that are
doing too little to end this trade.
3. He can use it as a pair of spurs, to press for an effective
international system of controls. And I hope the House of
Representatives' action--coming as Kimberley Process participants
conclude their work later this week--sends a clear signal that our
nation will insist on a system that's up to any challenge mounted by
this blood trade.
4. And, because this bill takes effect the day the President signs
it, he can use it as a cannon--to fire a shot across the bow of those
who shrug their shoulders; who say Africa's problems are not ours; who
would let problems fester until they become even bigger problems for
innocent people there, and in America.
The strength of this bill rests on two pillars. First, it presses
countries to devise a system that helps rein in irresponsible traders
and corrupt officials. This effort will link African and other
producing countries with those who reap tremendous profits from this
product. In turn, I hope this will enlist more countries and companies
in work for peace in places that have been wracked by wars over these
diamonds.
Second, this bill leverages the diamond industry's expertise and
resources. For the most part, this is an honorable trade that produces
something many Americans treasure. This bill gives it a way to help
safeguard diamonds' image from being soiled by bloodshed--and imposes a
responsibility to do more to stop the smuggling and corruption that are
at the heart of this matter.
The compromise that makes House action today possible is not perfect.
I wish the bill forced the President to act, instead of merely giving
him needed authority and new tools. I particularly wish it treated all
diamonds the same--whether they are the rough diamonds that have been
the focus of UN work, or polished diamonds and jewelry. Diamonds are
jewelry; there is no other end use for gem-quality diamonds. And making
sure the finished products don't become a loophole will require
continued vigilance by everyone who wants to sever funding for wars and
misery.
In my judgment, this bill gets us 85 percent of the way. Seeing that
it is implemented fully,
[[Page H8382]]
including by watching the trade in polished diamonds and jewelry
closely, is the next phase of work on conflict diamonds. I am confident
that the coalition behind the Clean Diamond Trade Act will continue
this effort, and I hope they will return to win passage of any further
legislation needed.
But our ultimate success or failure won't be measured in Washington.
The value of this work and what follows instead will be determined by
its role in transforming diamonds into the blessing they ought to be.
Until people whose land produces diamonds see them improve the well-
being of their children and strengthen their communities . . . no U.S.
law will lift the curse of conflict diamonds permanently.
That means that--even after this bill becomes law--the biggest job is
still ahead of us. It isn't one we can leave to international
agreements or diligent customs enforcement. It's not something American
consumers or Africans can do on their own. Nor can governments,
industry, or civil society complete this task by working alone.
Today, everyone who cares about severing the funding for Africa's
wars, can be proud of the few steps forward that House action
represents. Together, we can complete this marathon.
To thank everyone who has worked toward this goal would be almost
impossible. No list can begin anywhere but with Frank Wolf, who began
working with me on conflict diamonds two years ago. Soon after his name
should come those on the Ways and Means Committee, including Mr. Rangel
and Mr. Houghton, who have been invaluable allies. These sponsors, and
their aides--Chris Santora, Bob Van Wicklin, and Viji Rangaswami--have
done considerable work, and I am indebted to them. I also appreciate
the extra miles that Chairman Thomas, and Angela Ellard and David
Kavanaugh of his staff, travelled to help us reach a compromise with
the Administration. And Senators Durbin, DeWine and Feingold have been
terrific partners in this work; continued work on this bill is in good
hands.
The humanitarian and human rights groups that have been our
determined allies for the past 18 months, including Amnesty
International, Oxfam America, Physicians for Human Rights, the
Religious Action Center for Reform Judaism, World Relief, and World
Vision, deserve special thanks. These organizations have been tireless
advocates. I wish today's bill did everything we'd both hoped, but I
appreciate their support.
Leaders of the diamond and jewelry industries, and the very effective
team they fielded to win passage of our bill, made a critical
contribution too. In particular, I want to thank Eli Izhakoff, Matt
Runci, and Cecilia Gardner for their leadership and commitment; and
Bruce Wilson and Warren Connelly--who ably assisted them and whose
unflagging determination was essential to clearing this first
legislative hurdle. I also appreciate the efforts of Greg Gill and his
colleagues.
Finally, there are a countless number of ``ordinary'' people whose
interest in this work has kept up the pressure we needed to finish this
work. They, and the journalists who have responded to this keen public
interest with extraordinary dedication to tell a complex story, should
be proud of their efforts.
Mr. HOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from
Virginia (Mr. Wolf).
(Mr. WOLF asked and was given permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, I want to first begin by thanking the
gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall) and acknowledging the work that he has
done on this issue in bringing this bill, the Clean Diamond Trade Act,
to the floor today.
The gentleman from Ohio has consistently, over the time that I have
been in the Congress, distinguished himself in this body as a Member
who speaks on behalf of the world's most vulnerable, and I am proud to
have him as a colleague and as a good, good friend.
I also want to thank his staff, and Deborah DeYoung and Chris Santora
of my staff, and all these staff members who have worked on this; and
also the gentleman from New York (Mr. Houghton) for coming alongside of
us from the Committee on Ways and Means; the gentleman from New York
(Mr. Rangel) and his staff; and the gentleman from California (Mr.
Thomas), who back there that night gave us the commitment that he would
bring this bill up. I would thank him for that.
I also thank the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Hastert) and his staff
member, Chris Walker, for helping to work the bill through the process.
We also want to thank the NGOs that have been involved in the
industry for participants. Over 2 years ago, the gentleman from Ohio
(Mr. Hall) convinced me to travel to Sierra Leone with him.
While there, we saw the terrible suffering of the civilian population
that endured years of civil war which was funded by the diamond trade.
We saw children as young as 2, this young girl here, with arms and legs
chopped off.
This picture that I purposely brought with me on the floor today was
taken by my former chief of staff, Charlie White, a retired Navy
captain who had been with me since 1984. Charlie went with us on that
trip and took this photograph, along with many other pictures that were
used to show people the terrible plight of the citizens of Sierra
Leone.
Charlie was in serious pain. We thought he had a back problem. He was
suffering and taking four to six Advil every 2 and 3 hours. When we
returned to the United States, shortly thereafter, he was diagnosed
with terminal cancer, and he died 7 months later, in the summer of
2000.
This issue had a special place in his heart, and I just wanted to
bring the pictures to demonstrate that one person, one staff person,
made a tremendous difference while he was suffering pain, and he helped
bring this issue to the Congress.
Since returning from Sierra Leone, we have worked with the gentleman
from Ohio (Mr. Hall), under his leadership, to bring this issue, which,
as he said, will save a lot of people and a lot of lives in Sierra
Leone, in the Congo, in Angola, and many other places.
Throughout this period of time in Sierra Leone, in Angola, and in
Congo, over 2 million people have died and 6.5 million people have been
driven from their homes, women and children and innocent citizens who
live in these countries, who have been subject to brutal amputations,
rape, and sexual abuse, which really has created the words that we
hear: the generation of children soldiers.
Recently, we learned of another disturbing development involving
conflict diamonds. Major media organizations, including the Washington
Post, have reported direct connections between Sierra Leone rebel
diamonds and the al-Qaeda terrorist network.
Addressing the issue of conflict diamonds is not only essential for
those living in Africa, but for our national security.
I want to thank today Douglas Farrah of the Washington Post. His
reporting of this issue several weeks ago brought additional momentum
to that, to force it to be addressed here in the Congress. His exposure
of the connection to terrorism, the connection of Liberian President
Charles Taylor and the network that funnels rebel diamonds into
terrorist group coffers, helped reignite this issue.
I would urge our Secretary of State to call our ambassador and tell
him to go and see Charles Taylor to say that if anything happens to
Douglas Farrah, who is the reporter, because his life has been
threatened, our government will hold Charles Taylor and his government
accountable if anything happens to this Washington Post reporter.
Mr. Speaker, today, Congress is taking the first step to stop the
trade in blood diamonds by passing the Clean Diamonds Trade Act. This
bill gives the President the necessary authority to take steps against
those who are trying to export these blood diamonds into the United
States.
I look forward to passage of the Clean Diamonds Trade Act in the
House so we can move the bill to the Senate and onto the President's
desk before Congress adjourns.
The Clean Diamonds Trade Act gives the President the ability to
single out countries that are not taking effective measures to stop
conflict diamonds and presses countries to devise a system that helps
rein in irresponsible traders and corrupt officials.
As Congressman Hall mentioned, we believe this legislation will give
a boost to the on-going international negotiations known as the
``Kimberly Process'' to address conflict diamonds.
I will continue to work with the Administration, and am hopeful it
will take a more assertive role in facilitating the creation of an
effective international system. In the long run, this is a global
problem and as the world's largest diamond consumer we have a
responsibility to take a leadership role in addressing this problem on
the international stage.
Finally, I want members of this body to know something else that is
significant about
[[Page H8383]]
passage of this legislation. The small west-African country of Sierra
Leone, which will benefit significantly from the efforts to eliminate
conflict diamonds, holds a special place in American history. In 1750
John Newton was a slave trader who worked and lived out of Sierra
Leone. He was known as a cruel man. One night as a storm raged off the
coast of Sierra Leone, his ship was almost lost. He prayed that if only
salvation would come to ``a wretch like me,'' he would leave the slave
trade and work towards its abolition. He was rescued and changed his
life. He became an ardent abolitionist and a Methodist minister. Sierra
Leone, where John Newton worked in the evil institution of slavery, was
also where he changed his life and turned to good, commemorated by his
greatest legacy, the song ``Amazing Grace.''
Mr. Speaker, there is much more that I could say, but with that I
will just end by saying that I think this is a good opportunity to save
lives, to make a big difference.
In closing, I want to thank the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall) for
this issue, and on hunger and civil rights; the gentleman from New York
(Mr. Houghton) for helping us out, and all the other Members on the
Senate side who are helping.
Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the distinguished
gentlewoman from North Carolina (Mrs. Clayton).
Mrs. CLAYTON. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding time to
me.
Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to rise in support of H.R. 2722. This is
good legislation whose time is long past due.
I want to recognize the leadership of the gentleman from Ohio (Mr.
Hall) and that of the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Wolf), and also to
compliment the gentleman from New York (Mr. Houghton) for his
leadership in the Committee on Ways and Means, and the gentleman from
California (Mr. Matsui) for his leadership in the Committee on Ways and
Means.
I participated, along with five other Members, going to Botswana in a
delegation led by the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Payne). I rise in
support of this legislation, to also see how we could indeed rule out
the conflict diamonds and this trade system that financed conflict and
the great devastation that is happening.
We saw also, in that process, how legitimate diamonds were being used
in Botswana and other countries in that area. I was pleased that
Botswana clarified to us how diamonds could be used, clean diamonds, in
a way that we could protect that democracy, undergird that development
in that country.
So I am pleased that this legislation indeed is focused on ending the
financing of conflicts in Africa and other parts of the world using the
sales of diamonds. Also, it protects the legitimacy of diamonds, where
it is appropriate.
Those who accompanied us on that particular CODEL were the gentleman
from New York (Mr. Rangel), the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr.
Jefferson), the gentlewoman from Indiana (Ms. Carson), and the
gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee), and others were also part of
that delegation.
In Botswana, we met with the President. Since then, the President has
come to this country because he, too, wants a distinction to be made
between clean diamonds and conflict diamonds.
We met with the administration. He pledged his support. In fact, he
has also been part of the U.N., writing part of their resolution, and
made a statement to that effect, that they wanted to be part of a clean
diamond industry, and also wanted to be part of the force that would
make that distinction.
I raise that because it is important, Mr. Speaker. The good intention
of this legislation also acknowledges those people who are following
the law, and indeed, trying to do the right thing.
Again, I want to compliment everyone involved in this. Again, this
legislation is long overdue. It has been brought to bear at a time when
we know that not only the conflict in Africa but now conflict in other
parts of the world is being financed by diamonds. So hopefully this
legislation would not only curtail, as the gentleman from Virginia (Mr.
Wolf) said, the loss of lives, the lives of thousands of persons, not
only killing them but killing in other parts of the country.
I want to thank all the persons involved in this, and I urge my
colleagues to pass this legislation that we all should be proud of.
{time} 1745
Mr. HOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2\1/2\ minutes to the gentleman
from Illinois (Mr. Crane).
Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from New York (Mr.
Houghton) for yielding me time.
This year we had a hearing to take testimony from witnesses about the
state of affairs in Africa, and we all acknowledged the tragic facts of
the illicit diamond trade and how it continues to fund rebel wars and
poverty in Africa.
As I described at the hearing, we are looking at meaningful
legislation that will help the administration tackle this problem,
while not hindering the ongoing international negotiations that are
supposed to conclude this year.
In this delicate time of international diplomacy we must be
especially careful not to disrupt the administration's efforts, however
well intentioned we may be. The suspension bill H.R. 2722 is an
effective and balanced way to get at these conflict diamonds.
The gentleman from New York (Mr. Houghton) and the administration
have crafted a bill authorizing the President to ban all diamonds from
any country that does not have effective measures against the trade in
conflict diamonds. I want to commend both for their leadership and
flexibility in this matter.
In the last 2 weeks, many provisions sought by the gentleman from
Virginia (Mr. Wolf) and the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall) were added,
including a non-circumvention clause for polished diamonds and diamond
jewelry, more reporting from the government, and an enhanced
description of what constitutes effective measures for diamond trading
countries.
Some people say this does not go far enough, but I want to point out
that the bar we set is already extremely high. A country like Botswana
that relies upon the legitimate diamond trade for its economy must
implement the United Nations' resolutions or the eventual international
agreement or could be subject to a complete ban on all of its diamond
exports. However, some people want to go further and say that all
imports must be cut off from a country like Botswana in that situation.
I think that would be extreme and tantamount to shutting down the
entire world diamond trade.
To effectively end trade in conflict diamonds, the countries
exporting and importing rough stones in particular must work together
to make sure that these diamonds do not have a market so that conflict
diamond peddlers cannot stay in business. A bill that mandates the
shutdown of the diamond trade until every country can be certified by
the United States is a unilateral solution that will not work.
Legitimate diamond trading countries will have no incentive to complete
their negotiations at Kimberley. The let the negotiations process
finish. Next year we can evaluate how that process worked and whether
further tools can be enacted to complement what we enact today.
I urge my colleagues to support this legislation.
Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from
Arkansas (Mr. Snyder).
Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, I was fortunate to be a doctor in the early
1980s in Sierra Leone in West Africa. At that time, Sierra Leone was
poor. It was underdeveloped. There was a life expectancy of 42 years,
but it was not a violent place to be. In this last decade we have seen
the world's most brutal civil war, of which has been spoken earlier
here today.
In April of this year, I visited Sierra Leone and was taken to the
site of the old hospital that I had worked at, Serabu Hospital near Bo
in Sierra Leone. It was burned to the ground by the rebels. It had a
wonderful nursing school, a wonderful hospital. It did a lot of great
outpatient work. It provided a secondary school for the local villagers
and the employees. It was completely destroyed, nothing there but
shells of the old buildings.
I do not know how to account for the dramatic change from the
peaceful but poor country I had seen in the early 1980s to what has
gone on in Sierra Leone in the last decade. The question is one of what
spawns evil, which I do
[[Page H8384]]
not know if any of us know those answers.
Evil requires nourishment, and the diamonds of Sierra Leone have been
the financial support and perhaps the motive for this brutal civil war.
Now we are learning in the recent weeks of the potential involvement of
al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden in the diamonds of Sierra Leone as a
source of their funding.
To neglect evil is to strengthen evil. We in the world should have
gotten a handle on these diamonds, on these blood diamonds years ago,
even though it seemed remote from the United States and the western
world. But better today than more years and more deaths from now. I
thank the sponsors on both sides for bringing forth this legislation
today.
Mr. HOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from
California (Mr. Royce).
Mr. ROYCE. Mr. Speaker, as a co-sponsor I rise in strong support.
Throughout Africa we are seeing natural resources being misused and
fueling conflict; and this is the case with diamonds in Sierra Leone,
timber in Liberia, cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In many
places on the continents, natural resources are bringing nothing but
misery to the African people.
We listened to the testimony of little children missing their arms
and in some cases without legs, testifying about their ordeal,
representing over 5,000 children in Freetown alone, the victims of the
Revolutionary United Front, the victims of men like Foday Sanko and
Charles Taylor, both enriched by blood diamonds.
This legislation promises to help to ensure that diamonds do not fuel
conflict. It is an important step. The international community needs to
recognize its responsibility to not be party to the misuse of diamonds
and other natural resources.
I would like to commend the Members who have worked hard on this
legislation and especially to commend the gentleman from Ohio (Mr.
Hall) and the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Wolf) and the gentleman from
New York (Mr. Houghton), because they have worked tirelessly in trying
to bring the issue of conflict diamonds before this body. They have
worked hard to reach consensus with the administration, which is what
this bill represents.
But let me say that after passage of this bill we still have to
address as an institution the fact that there are heads of state in the
region, like Charles Taylor of Liberia, who have enriched themselves,
who have maintained their power through the use of blood diamonds, and
there should be an accounting. There should be justice on behalf of
those child victims that were, frankly, sacrificed, who lost their
limbs, and in many cases lost their lives as part of this strategy to
create wealth for a few men in this part of the world.
I do want to commend all of those who worked so hard on this, the
gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall), the gentleman from New York (Mr.
Houghton), the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Wolf). I thank them so
much.
Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the distinguished
gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Levin), the ranking member on the
Subcommittee on Trade.
(Mr. LEVIN asked and was given permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. LEVIN. Mr. Speaker, I want to start off by just saying a word to
the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall) and to the gentleman from Virginia
(Mr. Wolf) and to the gentleman from New York (Mr. Houghton), to all of
my colleagues, for their work on this. I am not sure how many
constituents have ever written to them about this, but they felt there
was a need here, a deep human need, and the three of them and others
led the way.
The gentleman from California (Mr. Matsui) and I and the gentleman
from New York (Mr. Rangel) are proud to join with the gentleman from
California (Mr. Thomas) and others in doing what we said we would do
and that is to get this legislation to the floor.
I rise in strong support of this legislation because I think it will
help ensure that diamonds sold in our country have not funded civil war
in West Africa or funded agents of terrorism. It is a good first step
towards addressing a serious issue.
As mentioned, the countries that have been named, rebel groups have
been funding their activities through trade in diamonds. Hundreds of
thousands of people, I was asking Viji Rangaswami, who has worked so
hard on this, do we know how many of the hundreds of thousands of
people have died? We do not, but it is many. Many have died from the
activities of these groups. Many millions more have been displaced, and
there have been the worst kinds of atrocities.
As has been cited earlier, it has been reported recently that al
Qaeda has reaped millions of dollars from the illicit sale of diamonds.
We have to put a stop to this.
This bill will allow the President to ban the import of diamonds from
countries that are not taking ``effective measures'' to stop trade in
conflict diamonds. The bill is supportive of international efforts to
end trade in conflict diamonds. It abides by criteria derived from the
U.N. Security Council resolutions.
This week the so-called Kimberley process is moving forward, and I
believe this bill will provide important momentum to this process. It
is consistent with our international trade obligations.
This issue is a demonstration of the globalized and interconnected
world we live in, where the purchase of an engagement ring in one
country can contribute to civil war in another. It shows the need, as I
see it, to shape the rules of trade. Trade is not a panacea. It does
not resolve all problems and sometimes, as shown in this bill,
unfettered trade creates new problems.
By shaping these rules as we do today, and this is an effort to shape
the rules of trade, we help ensure that American consumers, that our
consumers are not unwittingly trading lower prices for human rights
abuses abroad, and we help ensure that the benefits of trade flow to
the countries involved in legitimate diamond trade rather than rebels
and terrorists.
So I close, again, to say to the leaders of this effort that I hope
they are proud of it. It may not score lots of political points, but it
is going to save human lives, and in that sense I think the people who
have worked on this have discharged their responsibilities with the
highest honor.
I am glad, in a small way, with my colleagues, with the gentleman
from California (Mr. Matsui) and others on the committee, to join them.
I hope we will overwhelmingly, indeed unanimously, pass this
legislation.
Mr. HOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from
Michigan (Mr. Ehlers).
(Mr. EHLERS asked and was given permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. EHLERS. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from New York (Mr.
Houghton) for yielding me the time, and I commend him for introducing
this bill and especially commend the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall),
the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Wolf) for their hard work on it for a
number of years, and I am pleased to have been a cosponsor of each and
every bill they have introduced on this.
My acquaintance with the problem goes back some years, and my
interest with Sierra Leone goes back to 1978 when I chaired a world
hunger task force for the denomination of which I am a member, and
since I am results oriented, I insisted that we not only prepare a
report but that we come up with an action plan and that we adopt a
country where our small denomination could have a major impact.
We adopted Sierra Leone in 1978. Our church, through its missionary
efforts and through its relief efforts, has been active there ever
since, and I have some friends who have served there for a number of
years.
The news I have received during the past decade was intensely
dismaying. The atrocities that were taking place, the difficulties that
were developing, the rebels who were acting as if they were political
rebels but, in fact, were bandits, they were simply seeking to get the
natural resources of that country, and they did not care what they had
to do to get it.
I have to tell my colleagues, it is heartbreaking to meet a 4-year
old child whose arms were amputated when she was two because she was
not worth
[[Page H8385]]
the price of a bullet. The soldiers had killed her parents, killed many
people in the room, and the soldier said, What should I do about her?
The commander said, She is not worth a bullet; just cut her arms off.
Fortunately, she survived but handicapped for life, and I could
repeat this story over and over: Incredible cruelty and a desire to get
the diamonds and to get the power that they represent.
Just a few weeks ago we discover that Osama bin Laden is buying the
diamonds from Sierra Leone because he can no longer ship money across
borders, and so he has decided to buy diamonds because they are easier
to ship across borders and finance his operations. It is a problem that
has been there for a long time, but a solution has not been forthcoming
as it should have been.
I commend some of the individuals I have worked with on the African
desk in the State Department over the past few years. They have been
earnest, and they sincerely wanted to resolve the problem, but,
unfortunately, the upper levels of the State Department over the past
several years have simply not been willing to spend the political
capital to do that.
I am pleased that now we have worked out an agreement where we can
make a difference, that we will no longer be encouraging the chopping
off of arms and hands and limbs, that we will not sanction the
arbitrary killing of citizens of Sierra Leone, as happened to a friend
of a friend there.
{time} 1800
A leader in the church walking down the street was shot by a soldier.
When they asked why he did it, he said, I haven't killed anyone for
about a week. We thought it was time to kill someone else. We cannot
tolerate that type of behavior on this planet. We have to ensure that
we do not encourage it.
This is one bill that will take strong steps to ensure that there
will not be any profit in the actions they have taken, and we hope that
with the cutback in Charles Taylor's actions that, above all, we may
have peace in the beautiful land of Sierra Leone.
Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, may I inquire how much time both sides have?
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Stearns). The gentleman from California
(Mr. Matsui) has 5 minutes remaining, and the gentleman from New York
(Mr. Houghton) has 3 minutes remaining.
Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I yield the balance of my time to the
gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall) to conclude.
Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding me
this time.
I was listening to what the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Levin) said
about sometimes on bills like this, legislation like this, we do not
get a lot of publicity, and that is true. It is interesting, our
profession, because sometimes when we do not work too hard on
something, we get a bunch of press, a lot of publicity; and we do not
really deserve it. But on things we really work hard on, sometimes it
is very, very hard to get a mention.
This is one of these kinds of bills where it does not really matter
whether we get a mention or not; but what matters is, especially to
those Members that are very close to this issue, that when we go home
tonight, we can say to ourselves that it has been a good day. It is a
good piece of legislation, and I am proud of it. It is not a perfect
bill. We got about 80 percent of what we really wanted. We never get
100 percent around here, but it is a good bill.
We also want to thank the NGOs. They have been wonderful, and we have
had 100 of the top human rights' groups in the world firmly behind this
bill. All the way up till today they have been absolutely wonderful. A
lot of them are disappointed in the end, but many of them are very,
very supportive. Amnesty International, Physicians for Human Rights,
World Vision. They have been just tremendous in their support.
I want to thank Matt Runci, Jewelers of America, World Diamond
Council. When they came to our support this year, and we were not
always together, they added a lot of clout and credibility to our
cause.
I want to thank Deborah DeYoung on my staff, who worked very hard in
negotiating and working behind the scenes. She has really kept her eye
on this piece of legislation.
This is a good bill. It is a good bill for legitimate businesses.
Because the way it was looking for diamonds, there were no good
diamonds. But the fact is that is not true. Most of the businesses are
honorable and good. Most of the countries that deal in diamonds are
very legitimate. We are talking about 5 to 15 percent of the diamonds,
which we call conflict diamonds, or blood diamonds, that find their way
into this country that are not good and that are causing death. So that
is what we have been after, and we think that this will help the
legitimate businesses in the long run.
We are going to regulate diamonds for the first time, and they are
going to have to be transparent. They will have to be certified. And if
they do not come in in that way, they will not be accepted in this
country. This bill takes effect immediately when the President signs
it.
It is not a perfect bill, it is a bill that will probably not get a
lot of publicity, but when we go home tonight, we can say this has been
a good day. This is a bill that will save some lives. That is not all
bad.
Mr. HOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the remainder of my time.
Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Hall), the gentleman from
California (Mr. Matsui), and the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Wolf)
have said everything. It is a good bill, it is a timely bill, and it is
a needed bill. I wholeheartedly support this.
Ms. ROYBAL-ALLARD. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to join my colleagues in
support of H.R. 2722, the Clean Diamonds Act, to ensure that America,
the largest importer of diamonds in the world, helps to eradicate the
purchase and sale of illicit diamonds around the world.
For the last eight years, a rebel group known as the Revolutionary
United Front (RUF) has used the illegal trade and trafficking of
diamonds to fund a civil war in Sierra Leone. This brutal war has
garnered the attention of numerous international human rights groups
for its incessant violence and human rights abuses. An estimated 12,000
children have been separated from their families for the sole purpose
of becoming soldiers and diamond miners. Women and girls are raped or
used as sexual slaves by the top commanders of the rebel army. Boys and
girls alike live in fear of having one of their limbs hacked off with
machetes--one of the most notable forms of torture used by the rebel
groups. These and countless other unscrupulous acts have severely
destabilized Sierra Leone and other African countries, including
Angola, the Congo and Liberia.
To make matters worse, recently we have learned that Osama bin
Laden's al Qaeda network is also linked financially with the diamond
trade in Sierra Leone. The same revenue collected by conflict diamonds
to fund wars and illegal weapon sales in Africa is being used by the
terrorist network, which carried out the unconscionable attacks on
America on September 11th.
The violence and suffering fueled by the trade and sale of diamonds
has been carried on too long. America must do its part to help end
these atrocities once and for all.
First and most importantly, we as a nation need to make more informed
purchasing decisions about the diamonds we buy. Just as we have taken
steps to eradicate slave labor in manufacturing sweatshops, we must
guarantee that our demand for diamonds does not contribute to a cruel
and destructive war against innocent children and families. We must ask
questions and seek assurance from our retailers that the diamonds we
buy this holiday season and beyond are in no way connected to this
illicit trade.
Second, even the most discerning consumers can unknowingly and
unwillingly purchase diamonds illegally traded on the world market.
Therefore, we need to find a way to keep these conflict diamonds out of
our stores.
The Clean Diamonds Act will do just that by authorizing the President
to prohibit the importation of diamonds from countries that are not
willing to adopt an international diamond certification system that
will track diamonds from the point of extraction to retail sale. Under
this international system, exporting countries would be required to
provide a certificate of origin and authenticity, indicating that their
diamonds were not mined or laundered by rebel groups in Africa. America
buyers could then shop with confidence, knowing that their diamond
purchases were in no way contributing to civil war in Africa or
terrorist activities against the United States and its allies.
Mr. Speaker, just as we have all united to put an end to the
terrorist networks that exist around the world, we should also unite to
put
[[Page H8386]]
an end to the trafficking of these conflict diamonds and the cycle of
violence they perpetuate in Africa and in our own backyard. I urge my
colleagues to join me in support of H.R. 2722.
Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise to voice my strong support for H.R.
2722, the Clean Diamonds Trade Act, which implements a system of
requirements on the importation of diamonds. This Act combats the
contribution of ``conflict diamonds'' to the continuation of violence
in West Africa and other developing nations. The situation in West
Africa is one of the great human tragedies of the modern age.
The Clean Diamonds Trade Act will help end the international trade in
conflict diamonds, the proceeds from which are being used to wage war
and terrorize innocent people. The failure to enact this legislation
allows rebel groups in Africa to continue to profit from their illegal
diamond sales. Furthermore, recent press reports indicate that the al
Qaeda terrorist network has been involved in the illicit diamond trade,
making the Clean Diamonds Trade Act an essential weapon in America's
war on terrorism.
Accordingly, I strongly support H.R. 2722.
Mr. RUSH. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 2722, the Clean
Diamond Trade Act. For several years, rebel groups in sub-Saharan
Africa have been using diamonds extracted from illegally controlled
mines to finance civil war activities that have displaced and killed
several million African people, including innocent young children. The
United States is one of the largest consumers of diamonds. Therefore,
the United States, like it or not, indirectly contributed to the
current situation in Africa. It is, thus, imperative that Congress pass
meaningful legislation that will clean up the diamond conflict. H.R.
2722, will allow the importation of diamonds and diamond jewelry into
the U.S. only from countries that have adopted effective controls on
the import and export of rough diamonds. This alone would be a great
incentive for other nations to take appropriate action within an
acceptable timetable. The legislation would also encourage the
President to negotiate an international agreement leading to a global
control system. This broadly supported legislation demonstrates the
United States' commitment to curbing the trade in ``conflict
diamonds''. We have a moral obligation and responsibility to help stop
the violence, the brutality, the needless killing of innocent lives. I
urge my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to support this much
needed legislation.
Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in support of important
legislation, H. R. 2722, the Clean Diamonds Trade Act. First and
foremost, I want to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Hall, Mr.
Houghton, and Mr. Wolf for their tenacity and commitment in seeing this
bill through. Each of you has helped keep the Congressional spotlight
focused on the terrible toll trade in conflict diamonds has had on the
people of sub-Saharan Africa while continuing to encourage
international agreement through the Kimberly negotiating process. You
have worked diligently and responsibly to address the concerns the
Administration and Chairman Thomas raised. You have also worked to
address concerns I initially had on the impact of rough diamond
regulations on legitimate diamond trade in countries such as Botswana,
Namibia, South Africa, and Tanzania.
Now more than ever we need to ensure that the revenues from
legitimate diamond trade with African countries such as Botswana, South
Africa, Namibia, and others are used to build the economics and
infrastructure of nations who support the Kimberly Process. Botswana,
for example, through its legitimate and peaceful diamond trade, has
successfully increased its average annual income from eighty dollars
three decades ago to approximately three thousand six hundred dollars
today. In addition, Botswana's diamond trade revenues account for
three-fourths of all exports earnings, one-half of government revenues
and one-third of its gross domestic product. Botswana's diamond
revenues are used to build schools, hospitals, roads, bridges, homes,
and offices.
It is our duty as lawmakers to penalize those countries that fuel
conflicts with diamond revenues, but is also our responsibility to
protect those African nations that are using legitimate diamond trade
revenues to strengthen their economies, educate their people, and to be
good and responsible neighbors to other countries around the world.
I want to thank the Bush Administration for its assistance and
willingness to consult with us. I know that the Administration had
reservations with the legislation, and appreciate the time it spent to
work through those reservations and to develop a mutually acceptable
response to the dilemma of addressing this problem legislatively while
continuing to support the Kimberly Process. The bill before us today is
a prime example of what can happen when Members on both sides of the
aisle commit to work with each other and with the Administration to
address matters which are critical not only to the American people but
also to the entire international community. I only wish that the
cooperation shown on this bill would carry forward to other pending
legislative matters. The bill we are discussing today, the Clean
Diamond Trade Act, sends an important message of support to a continent
which has seen far more than its fair share of pain and suffering.
It reflects a strong commitment to the ongoing international dialogue
that is aimed at dealing with this difficult problem. As with all
compromises, this bill does not have everything I would like to see in
it. However, it is a significant step in the right direction.
Passage of the Clean Diamond Trade Act will undercut a conflict
diamond trade that has financed organizations that have killed several
million people, driven millions more from their homes, and committed
countless human rights abuses. The violent conflicts spurred on by
these groups are impeding growth and development throughout sub-Saharan
Africa. By stemming this illegal trade, we can remove a key barrier to
progress and prosperity in these countries. If we pass this bill, we
work to preserve the dignity of an entire industry, which can and
should be a source of wealth for countries around the world.
This piece of legislation and its provisions are very important to
the Congressional Black Caucus members and other friends of Africa who
are dedicated to stopping civil conflict which impedes development and
who continue to work on increasing trade opportunities and promoting
economic growth for African nations. Through this bill, we seek to
promote legitimate diamond trade, allowing countries such as, South
Africa, Namibia, and Botswana to continue to benefit from their rich
natural resource endowment.
I think it's particularly important that we are discussing this bill
today, as negotiators from over thirty countries are gathered in
Botswana as part of the Kimberley Process, an effort to develop
international standards for certifying legitimate diamonds. If we pass
this bill, we send a signal to the international community that we are
engaged, that we take this issue seriously, and that we hope an
international agreement can be reached soon that will bring us
significantly closer to eradicating this blight.
Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the motion offered by the
gentleman from New York (Mr. Houghton) that the House suspend the rules
and pass the bill, H.R. 2722, as amended.
The question was taken.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. In the opinion of the Chair, two-thirds of
those present have voted in the affirmative.
Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, on that I demand the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XX and the
Chair's prior announcement, further proceedings on this motion will be
postponed.
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