[Congressional Record Volume 147, Number 110 (Wednesday, August 1, 2001)]
[Senate]
[Pages S8499-S8504]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                                SCHEDULE

  Mr. REID. Mr. President, the Senate will resume consideration of the 
Agriculture supplemental authorization bill. But at 11 o'clock this 
morning we will vote on cloture on the Transportation Appropriations 
Act, which has been pending for some time. The Senate will remain on 
the Transportation act until it is completed. Senator Daschle has also 
said that this week we are going to complete the Agriculture 
supplemental authorization, the VA-HUD appropriations, and the Export 
Administration Act.


                             CLOTURE MOTION

  Mr. REID. Mr. President, I send a cloture motion to the desk.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The cloture motion having been presented 
under rule XXII, the Chair directs the clerk to read the motion.
  The assistant legislative clerk read as follows:

                             Cloture Motion

       We, the undersigned Senators, in accordance with the 
     provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, 
     hereby move to bring to a close debate on Calendar No. 102 
     (S. 1246) a bill to respond to the continuing economic crisis 
     adversely affecting American farmers:
         Tom Harkin, Harry Reid, Jon Corzine, Max Baucus, Patty 
           Murray, Jeff Bingaman, Tim Johnson, Edward M. Kennedy, 
           John D. Rockefeller, Daniel K. Akaka, Paul D. 
           Wellstone, Mark Dayton, Maria Cantwell, Benjamin E. 
           Nelson, Blanche L. Lincoln, Richard J. Durbin, Herb 
           Kohl.

  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The majority leader.
  Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, it is with regret that we are filing this 
cloture motion this morning. Obviously, it won't ripen until Friday. I 
don't know that there is any debate about the importance of getting 
this legislation finished. This is an emergency. This is a commitment 
that we must make prior to the time we leave, in large measure because 
the Congressional Budget Office has indicated they will not score it as 
money that can be utilized. We would not be able to commit the money 
prior to the time we leave.
  We all know the stakes. But when Senators come to the floor and offer 
amendments on Medicare lockboxes on an emergency issue such as this, it 
is a clear indication that we are not really very serious about 
finishing this legislation on time.
  I reluctantly will also ask for a vote to reconsider the 
Transportation appropriations bill at 11 o'clock this morning. That 
will at least temporarily take us off of Agriculture and

[[Page S8500]]

move us back onto the highway legislation, the Transportation 
appropriations bill, because that, too, is a critical piece of 
legislation that has to be addressed before we leave. We have made that 
very clear.
  I tell all of my colleagues that there will be no respite tonight, if 
Senators choose to use the full 30 hours, which is their right, prior 
to the time we go to final passage. We will be in all night long. There 
is no other recourse.
  I want to put my colleagues on notice that will happen. I regret the 
inconvenience, but that is what we will have to do in order for us to 
finish this bill.
  It is my expectation that if that also happens while we continue to 
negotiate to find some solution to this Agriculture bill--and let me 
applaud him while he is on the floor. The chairman has done an 
outstanding job of getting us to this point. And I, as always, have 
great admiration for our ranking Member of this committee as well. We 
couldn't have two better legislative partners than the two of them.
  I am hopeful that over the period of time we are now debating the 
Transportation appropriations bill, and maybe even the VA-HUD bill, we 
can come to some resolution on this question. But clearly, no one 
should misinterpret what we are going to be doing this morning. We will 
continue to be on this bill for whatever length of time it takes to 
complete it and to do it right. I regret that it may be Friday, 
Saturday, or Sunday. But if that is the case, that is exactly what we 
are going to have to do.
  I want to make sure that Members understand this delay is 
unfortunate. We are not apparently serious enough if we are going to be 
making up lockbox amendments. We have to use this time as productively 
as possible.
  It seems to me that the best way to do that is to now take up the 
highway bill, finish it, and perhaps move to HUD-VA, and return--as we 
will--to the Agriculture emergency supplemental bill as soon as it is 
appropriate to do so.
  I wanted to share that with my colleagues to make sure Members know 
what the exact schedule is likely to be for the remainder of the day. 
They should expect a very late night tonight if the 30 hours that is 
required prior to the time we go to final passage would be consumed 
prior to the time we have the ability to vote.
  I expect a vote at 11 o'clock on the cloture motion on the 
Transportation appropriations bill.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. What is the will of the Senate?
  Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll.
  The assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent the order for the 
quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The Senator from Nevada.
  Mr. REID. Mr. President, at 11 o'clock today there is, in my 
estimation, a very important vote. It is a vote that will allow the 
Senate to move on and complete another appropriations bill. This will 
make four bills we have completed during this year.
  Last year at this time we had completed eight appropriations bills, 
and it was done, as the Presiding Officer will recall, by the minority 
diving in and helping the majority pass those bills. A lot of them--as 
all appropriations bills are--were very contentious and had a lot of 
amendments tied to them.
  In the minority, I was given the assignment directly by our leader 
and the ranking member, the now-chairman, of the Appropriations 
Committee to do what I could to work through these amendments. And we 
did a good job. We helped the then-majority, I repeat, pass eight 
appropriations bills.
  We are struggling to get through four. And we are going to do five 
before the break. I certainly hope we can do that. We can do it. The 
leader said we are going to do it.
  This vote at 11 o'clock will terminate a very prolonged debate on 
something I believe we should have gotten out of here and taken, as is 
done in all legislative processes, to conference, where it would be 
worked out.
  The issue of contention is one that deals with NAFTA, the North 
American Free Trade Agreement, and how trucks coming from Mexico are 
treated in the United States.
  The House of Representatives, in their appropriations bill dealing 
with transportation, in effect, said there will be no Mexican trucks 
coming into the United States. However, in the Senate, Senator Shelby 
and Senator Murray crafted what appeared to me to be a very reasonable 
process to determine what processes would be allowed for Mexican trucks 
to come into the United States.
  We have a couple Senators who have been leading this effort who have 
said it is not good enough. Well, maybe it isn't, but it was something 
on which the two managers of this bill spent weeks of time. I say if 
people do not like it--and we understand the President of the United 
States does not like it--take the matter to conference, where the views 
of the White House are always listened to, and I will bet there would 
be a compromise worked out.
  That is my belief. The way it is now, we are not completing the work 
that has to be done.
  In the State of Nevada, we badly need a Transportation appropriations 
bill. I don't know what the rest of the 49 States want, but if we don't 
have a Transportation appropriations bill, it will do, in many 
instances, irreparable damage to the people of the State of Nevada. Las 
Vegas, the most rapidly growing city in America; Nevada, the most 
rapidly growing State, we need help.
  Last year we needed to build one new school every month to keep up 
with the growth in Las Vegas. That has changed. Now we need to build 14 
schools a year in Clark County to keep up with the growth of the area. 
We need roads. We need bridges. We need other programs this 
Transportation bill will take care of, including some programs that 
deal with mass transit.
  I certainly hope the vote on cloture will allow us to move on and 
complete the legislation. The President has made his point clear. My 
friends, Senator Gramm of Texas and Senator McCain, have made their 
point very clear. They have done a good job of explaining what they 
believe. They believe this legislation is a violation of NAFTA. I 
personally disagree, having studied it, but they might be right. But 
take it to conference; deal with the House. Their provision, under any 
view, especially under the view of Senators McCain and Gramm, is much 
more in violation of NAFTA than our reasonable approach.
  I can think of many places in the State of Nevada that need this 
highway bill. For example, there is money in this bill for a new bridge 
over the Colorado River to take pressure off Boulder/Hoover Dam. The 
only way to get across the Colorado River in that area is a road that 
goes over the dam. That traffic backs up for 5, 6, 7, 10 miles 
sometimes. People wait for hours to get across. Not only is it bad for 
commerce; it is dangerous. Think what a terrorist could do at Hoover 
Dam. It supplies the power to southern California and parts of Nevada. 
Through that system comes the water for southern California and for 
parts of Nevada.
  Many years ago, we authorized a new bridge over the river. We are now 
funding it. Part of that money is in this bill. It is extremely 
important for Arizona and Nevada. Not far from where that new bridge 
will be is the place I was born, Searchlight, NV. That is the busiest 
two-lane highway in the State. I hate to have my children, when I am in 
Searchlight, come to visit me because of the road. I am afraid because 
of the danger of the road. I worry when I know they are coming until I 
see them come into my little house. I worry about them. That road is 
the busiest two-lane highway in the State of Nevada. It is dangerous. 
People are passing. They don't know how to drive on the two-lane 
highways, especially when there is so much traffic.
  There is money in this bill to provide for doubling the lanes of 
traffic halfway, and then the next year hopefully we can do the rest of 
it. It means not only making roads safer but allowing commerce to 
proceed more rapidly.
  Regarding I-15, the road between southern California and southern 
Nevada will be benefited if we pass this highway transportation bill. 
There are things in this bill that are very important to the State of 
Nevada. If we had all 100 Senators speaking, the same

[[Page S8501]]

would apply. I hope we can invoke cloture on this at 11 o'clock. It is 
extremely important for the country. I hope it can be done. Then we can 
get off of it quickly, and we will not have to spend the whole night 
here if we do. Many of us have already signed up for the night.

  Mr. President, I will yield the floor, but I ask that because of a 
tragedy that occurred in Senator Dayton's State in the last 24 hours, 
he be allowed to speak as in morning business.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  The Senator from Minnesota, Mr. Dayton, is recognized.
  (The remarks of Mr. Dayton are located in today's Record under 
``Morning Business.'')
  Mr. DAYTON. I suggest the absence of a quorum.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll.
  The assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll.
  Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for 
the quorum call be rescinded.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, I come to the Chamber this morning to 
express my frustration to my colleagues about where we are as a Senate 
in trying to resolve some very important issues for the American 
people: A Transportation appropriations bill on which I understand we 
will have a cloture vote at 11, and if cloture is successful, then we 
will be on that bill, I would guess, through its duration. That, 
therefore, replaces the current activity on the floor of dealing with 
the Supplemental Ag Emergency Act of 2001 that many of us believe is 
very important.
  What is most important about this particular legislation is the 
timeliness of needing to deal with it before the August recess.
  I also understand that the majority leader filed cloture on the Ag 
supplemental. That could ripen on Friday. If it does, and we are not on 
that debate until Friday, then we will work through the weekend.
  There is a complication in dealing with the Ag supplemental emergency 
legislation prior to the weekend. If we differ from the House-passed 
version--and it is very possible that we will --those differences will 
have to be worked out. We know that is called a conference. A 
conference committee will be convened, appointed by the leaders of both 
Houses, to work out our differences. And from that committee will come 
a report on which this body must act.
  The House plans to go out on late Thursday or early Friday for their 
August recess and may well not be here to act on a bill they acted on 
some time ago. In fact, they acted on it a number of weeks ago, 
recognizing the very critical nature of this emergency funding, and 
believed they would have it done in a timely fashion.
  The bill passed by the House 6 weeks ago, and here we are now in the 
late hour prior to the traditional August recess trying to resolve our 
differences on this issue. And those time lines create a very real 
problem.
  I have a letter from the Congressional Budget Office that I requested 
yesterday from Dan Crippen. I asked a very simple question: If we fail 
to act, what happens to the $5.5 billion that is in the budget for this 
emergency spending purpose? Basically, he said that it goes away. In 
other words, the scoring necessary to fall within the budget resolution 
would not be gained because the amount of money--the $5.5 billion--
could not be expended before the September 30 deadline. Therefore, it 
would fall into next year. And what would happen to the money? Well, it 
would go to pay down debt. That is not all bad, but I think those of us 
who are concerned about the plight of production agriculture in this 
country--and farmers have really had it very tough--recognize that the 
chairman of the authorizing committee, who is in the Chamber, and the 
ranking member, have tried to resolve this issue and bring some relief.
  There is a difference, though, in the House version of that relief 
and the Senate version of that relief. That difference may not get 
worked out. Yesterday, the Senator from Indiana, Mr. Lugar, our ranking 
member on the authorizing committee, offered the House version; it was 
narrowly defeated. If we had passed it, it would be on its way to the 
President's desk possibly today or tomorrow. It could well be signed 
into law before we even leave for the August recess. If that were true, 
there is no question that the Department of Agriculture would have time 
to cut the checks, and the money would be expended before the September 
30 end of fiscal year timing that would cause this money to disappear, 
to go away, or in other words, be applied to the debt.
  I must tell you, Mr. President, that I don't agree totally with the 
House version. There are provisions in the Senate bill that I would 
like to see us work our differences out on with the House. But that may 
not be possible at this moment. If we strive for the perfect, we may 
end up not serving the need of American farmers and ranchers in a way 
that I think this Senate intends to and wants to, and we should.
  So it is a question of timing. It is a question of how we deal with 
this issue on the floor and the give and take that is going to be 
necessary over the last days before the August recess to resolve this, 
to comply with the wishes of the majority leader to get Transportation 
done, get the Agriculture supplemental done and, I believe, VA-HUD. I 
and others have insisted that we try to respond in an appropriate way 
to the President and the nominees he has sent to the Senate to be 
confirmed so that he can run the Government--at least the executive 
branch of Government, which he is charged with doing and which the 
American people elected him to do.
  There are 25 or 30 nominees who should have been confirmed weeks ago, 
who could be in place now making decisions at agency levels and 
district or regional levels of agencies, and they are not in place 
today. The human side of that little story and that equation is that 
many of these nominees have young families and they need to have them 
in place before the end of August because kids are going back to 
school. And these are not wealthy people. They need to sell their home 
where they live to buy a home here in the Washington, DC, area. They 
can't do that largely because the Senate has not responded in a timely 
and appropriate fashion in some instances.

  That is too bad. I hope we can--at least for those who have had 
hearings and have been dealt with in the appropriate fashion before the 
authorizing committees and the committees of jurisdiction--we ought to 
get them confirmed before we adjourn for the August recess. There are 
others I wish we had hearings on.
  Obviously, there is foot dragging--I believe that--on the part of 
some chairmen who have philosophical differences. I guess my point is 
that there is a lot of work to get done, and that work is going to 
depend on our willingness to come together on some of these issues as 
to cloture now. And to move to Transportation when we have not resolved 
the Mexican trucking issue is really amazing to me. We have a very 
simple compromise to be worked out on that. If we haven't worked that 
out, my guess is that we run the limit of the Transportation timing of 
cloture, and then we go to Agriculture and, my goodness, that puts us 
into next week. That is not going to make for a lot of happy campers in 
the Senate. But then again, let us stay and let us do our work 
appropriately. That is necessary and appropriate. That is the choice of 
the majority leader to bring us to that point. I guess that is the 
burden of leadership.
  At the same time, there is one most time-sensitive issue of all that 
we are talking about, and that is this Emergency Agriculture Assistance 
Act of 2001. Oh, we can muscle up and say: House, stay in place, do 
your work before you leave town. The only problem is, they did their 
work 6 weeks ago and we are now just doing our work. So it is not 
really, shall I say, kosher to suggest that they ought to stay in town 
beyond their time for adjournment. Maybe we ought to say: Get it done 
Senate, and get it done now.
  Let's agree on something that we can come together quickly on and not 
deprive the American food producers of a little bit of relief from some 
very difficult price squeezes and now some difficult input costs of 
energy and other requirements. Those are the issues before us.
  The Congressional Budget Office, in the letter I have, makes it very 
clear:

[[Page S8502]]

 Get it done, get it signed, and the Department of Agriculture cuts the 
checks before September 30, or this money, in fact, goes away and we 
have lost the opportunity to expend $5.5 billion for the American 
agricultural producers.
  Of course, Mr. President, as you know, as chairman of the 
Appropriations Committee, dollars are short and needs are great. As we 
move now into September and October, with new fiscal reports out about 
a recession and a waning total surplus, our flexibility gets limited.
  So I urge Senators to come to like mind and deal with that which we 
can deal with now before we move on to other issues because at 11 
o'clock, I assume cloture will be gained and our window of opportunity 
to work and help the American farmer begins to close. We should not 
allow that to happen.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Iowa, Mr. Harkin, is 
recognized.
  Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I have listened very carefully to the 
comments of my friend and colleague from Idaho. I say to my friend from 
Idaho that right now we could be in conference with the House--the 
Agriculture Committee--right now, this morning, but for the fact that 
on his side of the aisle we are being held up. We reported this bill 
out of committee. We debated it in committee. We had our votes in 
committee. On a 12-9 vote this bill was reported out.
  In good faith, the ranking member, my good friend from Indiana, 
offered an amendment yesterday to go to the House bill. It was fully 
debated. I thought it was a good debate. And we voted, as we are 
supposed to do. That didn't succeed. Then, I think the proper thing is 
to go ahead and vote up or down on the bill we reported from the 
Agriculture Committee, I say to my friend from Idaho, and let us go to 
conference and work out the difference.
  Yesterday morning, the chairman of the House Agriculture Committee 
was present on the floor along with the ranking member. I indicated to 
both of them if we could finish the bill today--meaning yesterday--we 
could meet today. There are not that many differences in the House and 
Senate bill. The difference really is in money. There are not big 
policy differences that, when you go to conference, require a lot of 
time to work out. Money differences can be worked out. I still believe 
if we can get to conference with the House, we can probably be through 
with the conference in a few hours. But we can't go because we can't 
get to a final vote on this bill.
  Let us look at the record. Last Friday, I say to my friend from 
Idaho, we had to file a cloture petition on the motion to proceed to 
get to the Agriculture bill. That chewed up a couple of days right 
there. When we finally had the vote, I think it was 95-2 to go to the 
bill.
  When we finally got on the bill--and I thought we had a good day 
yesterday. We had our debate yesterday on the major substance of 
whether we would go with the committee bill or a substitute. That vote 
was taken. It was a close vote, but it was a vote nonetheless. One side 
won and one side did not. It seemed to me, at that point we were ready 
to go.
  We have no amendments on this side of the aisle. Yet last night, I 
believe it was the Senator from Ohio on that side of the aisle who 
offered a lockbox amendment on this emergency Agriculture bill. That 
did not come from this side. That is going to delay it even more.
  I say to my friend from Idaho, but for the delay on your side of the 
aisle, we would be sitting in conference at 10:40 a.m. on August 1, 
maybe even with a view to wrapping it up by noon. But they will not let 
us go to conference.
  I thought we were operating in good faith yesterday. There was an 
amendment offered again on a dairy compact. I thought maybe we would 
have to vote on that, too. Okay, fine. Then that was withdrawn. I 
thought, hope springs eternal; that maybe that would be the end of it 
and we could go to third reading.
  No, there was more delay. Now we have a lockbox amendment that has 
absolutely nothing to do with this bill. That is going to delay it even 
further. I understand now, I say to my friend from Idaho, we are in the 
position of maybe filing a cloture petition on the bill itself just so 
we can get to a vote on it.
  We may have some difference of opinion on how much we ought to be 
putting into the emergency package for Agriculture, but we had that 
debate in the Agriculture Committee. We had those votes both in 
committee and in the Chamber.
  Again, we had to file cloture on the motion to proceed, and now maybe 
we will have to file cloture on the emergency bill. I do not think this 
is the way to handle an essential bill like this.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The time of the majority has expired.
  The Senator from Idaho.
  Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, I will be brief. I appreciate the 
frustration just expressed by the chairman of the authorizing committee 
who is managing this supplemental. He has every right to be frustrated. 
This is an important issue, and I have expressed that.
  I must say when we got to dairy compacts yesterday, we all know that 
was a bipartisan issue. It was not driven by one political side or the 
other. Both sides wanted to debate that issue, and there was a period 
of time when it was talked about and then it was withdrawn, as the 
chairman said. It was withdrawn with the anticipation it would be 
reoffered today, or it would have been debated yesterday and probably 
debated long into the evening, and we might still well be debating that 
issue today.
  There is an outstanding issue that is yet to be resolved on both 
sides, even if we can agree to go to final passage, and that would be 
the dairy compact issue. That is, without question, a bipartisan issue. 
As a filler, yes, one of our colleagues came and offered a lockbox 
amendment.
  I agree that could fit anywhere. It does not necessarily find itself 
appropriately on an Ag supplemental appropriations bill or an emergency 
spending bill, but it can fit there. What is important is there is one 
large issue left unresolved, and that is the dairy compact extension, 
as I understand it, and that one writes itself very clearly as a 
bipartisan issue. If it has been resolved, I am unaware of it. I follow 
that issue closely because it is an important issue to me and my State.
  I do not believe we are ready to go to final passage on Agriculture 
unless those who are intent on offering amendments to deal with dairy 
compacts, either the Northeast or the opportunity to extend that 
authority to other areas of the Nation, have resolved their differences 
and plan not to offer the amendment. If that is the case, then I 
suggest that is resolved. I understand there are no dilatory tactics 
holding this bill from a third reading and final passage.
  I yield the floor.
  Mrs. CARNAHAN. Mr. President, I am pleased to have the opportunity to 
express my support for the Emergency Agricultural Assistance Act of 
2001. I commend Senator Harkin for his leadership on this, his first 
piece of legislation as the chairman of the Senate Agriculture 
Committee.
  The bill provides much needed relief for our farmers and farm 
communities. The market loss assistance payments will provide an 
immediate boost to the sagging farm industry in Missouri.
  I am especially grateful to Senators Harkin and Leahy for their 
assistance in providing $25 million in relief to farmers whose crops 
have been damaged by an invasion of armyworms. Armyworms marching 
through Missouri have left a trail of crop destruction and economic 
loss in their wake. The armyworm is a caterpillar only about one and a 
half inches long, but they march in large groups, moving on only after 
completely stripping an area. Last winter's unusually warm weather and 
this summer's drought have conspired to make life easy for the armyworm 
and hard for the farmer.
  Thousands of farmers across southern Missouri have been devastated. 
One official at the Missouri Department of Agriculture said that this 
year's invasion is the worst he has seen in his 38 years at the 
Department. Damage reports are still being compiled, and it may be a 
while before we know the full extent of the damage. We do know that in 
Douglas County 3,281 farms lost more than 50-percent of their hay and 
forage crop. In Wright County it is 2,430 farms.

[[Page S8503]]

  The armyworms work extremely fast. Jim Smith, a cattle farmer in 
Washington County, completely lost 30 acres of hay field and most of 
the hay on another 30 acres. He said that he did not even know he had 
armyworms until 20 acres had been mowed down ``slick as concrete'' by 
the insects. In his 73 years on the farm, Mr. Smith says this is the 
worst he has ever seen.
  Dusty Shaw, a farmer in Oregon County, normally harvests 80-100,000 
pounds of fescue grass seed which is used all over the Nation for lawns 
and turf building. This year, however, all 1,000 acres of his seed 
fields were eaten by armyworms. Even at a conservative estimate of 20 
cents a pound, this represents a loss of $16,000 for Mr. Shaw.
  This invasion has had severe economic consequences for my State. 
Missouri is second in the nation in cattle farming. With nothing to 
feed their cattle, farmers are forced to sell yearlings early and 
liquidate parts of their herd. The U.S. Department of Agriculture 
estimates that Howell County lost over $5 million and Oregon County has 
already lost over $3 million. With little or no hay crop this summer, 
farmers will have no hay reserves this winter. The effects of this 
infestation will be felt long into the next year.
  It isn't just the farmers that are suffering economic loss. When the 
farmers hurt financially so do the feed merchants, farm supply dealers 
and gas stations. Dusty Shaw told me he is only buying what he has to. 
The fences will have to hold for another year, the barn will have to 
hold out the snow for another winter, and the fields will have to do 
with less fertilizer than last season.
  The funds provided in this bill will help these farmers feed their 
cattle, and keep their farms. So I support this bill, I look forward to 
its speedy passage in the Senate, and hope it is soon signed into law.
  The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Indiana.
  Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, I will comment briefly on the colloquy we 
are having on the responsibilities with regard to the Agriculture bill. 
I respect very much my colleague from Iowa, the distinguished chairman 
of the committee, pursuing this vigorously, as I am.
  Without being repetitious, let me point out even if the bill were in 
conference as of 10:45 this morning, it is unlikely we would have 
success.
  The predicament I have pointed out and others have pointed out is an 
important one; namely, our conference has to find a result in a bill 
that will be signed by the President of the United States.
  The President of the United States visited with Senators on the Hill 
yesterday. It is not conjecture. The President indicated we ought to 
take seriously our budget responsibilities. The President said this 
directly to us.
  In addition, both the distinguished chairman of the committee and I 
have received from the President's advisers this message, and let me 
quote some relevant paragraphs: The administration strongly opposes S. 
1246, the bill that came out of the Agriculture Committee, because 
spending authorized by the bill would exceed $5.5 billion, the amount 
provided in the budget resolution and the amount adopted by the House.
  If S. 1246 is presented to the President at a level higher than $5.5 
billion, the President's senior advisers will recommend he veto the 
bill.
  When the President of the United States then comes to the Hill, as he 
did yesterday, and asks Senators whom he addressed to do their duty, 
this is not conjecture. I have tried to say in every way I can it seems 
to me we ought to take the President seriously.
  I offered the House language yesterday, not because I was author of 
the language or find all of that language to be perfection, but it is a 
bill that has passed the House. It is a bill that, if adopted by the 
Senate, would make a conference unnecessary. It is a bill the President 
would sign immediately, which would guarantee that money goes to 
farmers.
  I am prepared to accept the fact we have debated this thoroughly, and 
the Senate, by a vote of 52-48, chose to go another way; namely, to try 
out for size the $7.5 billion.
  Apparently, Senators who had an interest in the bill felt it was 
worth the gamble. I hope the farmers who are watching this debate 
understand that.
  I do not see many farmers on this floor. I do not see very many 
people even intimately involved in agriculture, with the exception of 
my dear friend from Iowa, Mr. Grassley, who, I know, has a son managing 
a farm and working the soil out in Iowa, and my modest efforts in 
Indiana. I still do take responsibility for that farm, do the market 
plan, try to understand crop insurance, try to understand the bills we 
do. I am not certain there are too many people here who are going to be 
affected by this bill.
  We have a lot of advocates for farmers, a lot of people pleading the 
farmers' case, a lot of people saying, ``I feel your pain,'' and this 
goes on hour by hour. In terms of direct assistance that makes any 
difference to farmers, not a whole lot is happening.
  I sincerely respect the right of any Senator to plead the case for 
any number of farmers he wants to plead for, but I hope ultimately 
common sense will dictate this is an emergency. We have heard that if 
we do not act the money goes away. If, in fact, we are not going to be 
able to act and have a bill the President signs, no money will go to 
any farmers from all of this effort. That is the unfortunate truth of 
the debate.
  I do not know how we arrive at a solution. Presumably, if we had a 
conference, to take one hypothetical, and the distinguished Senator 
from Iowa sat down with Mr. Combest and Mr. Stenholm or others around 
the table, our distinguished House Members have already told us: Take 
the House bill. They came here yesterday. They were in the aisle right 
here about a quarter after 12. They said: Please, we are planning to 
leave Thursday, tomorrow. The distinguished Senator from Iowa said we 
can all work it out; there is not much difference--just money--involved 
in this bill.

  There is all the difference from $7.5 billion and $5.5 billion. Maybe 
our conference would come to $5.5 billion. We could confer and accept 
the House bill because that is the one the President will sign, or we 
could speculate and say the President really did not mean it. After 
all, Presidents bluff, advisers send over these letters; OMB really did 
not mean it; this was all meant to color the flavor of the debate; 
let's try them on; let's settle for, say, $6.5 billion; let's split the 
difference as honest people might do. Try that one on for size.
  We will try to get it back through the House and the Senate. We hope 
the House is still there at that point to pass the bill. Let's say the 
corporal's guard remains and they wave it on.
  Then the President says, unfortunately: You did not hear me, but you 
had better hear me because this is likely to happen again and again 
with appropriations bills. This is a pretty small bill in comparison to 
things I am going to have to face down the trail, but I am prepared to 
do my duty; I hope you are prepared to do yours. And at last he vetoes 
the bill. We are gone at that point, and the American farmers have no 
money.
  I do not mean to be repetitive, but this is a fairly straightforward 
situation without great complexity. It is a test of wills. The Senate 
may decide the President really did not mean it or the President should 
not mean it or, on reflection, he will not mean it. Maybe that is 
right, but that is not the President I saw eyeball to eyeball yesterday 
at noon.
  We are looking at a very straightforward situation that I hope will 
be resolved. The resolution of it is to accept the House language and 
to get on with it. Any other course of action now is to have a rather 
protracted situation ending with a veto, and that would be a misfortune 
for the Senate and for American agriculture.
  I yield the floor.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Inouye). Who yields time?
  Mr. LUGAR. I yield to the distinguished Senator from Mississippi.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair recognizes the Senator from 
Mississippi.
  Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that I be 
permitted to speak as in morning business for up to 5 minutes.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection?
  Mrs. MURRAY. Reserving the right to object, how long does the Senator 
intend to speak?

[[Page S8504]]

  Mr. COCHRAN. My request was to speak for up to 5 minutes.
  Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that following 
the statement of the Senator from Mississippi, I be given 2 minutes to 
speak before the vote on the cloture motion.
  The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
  (The remarks of Mr. Cochran are printed in today's Record under 
``Morning Business'').

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