[Congressional Record Volume 147, Number 83 (Thursday, June 14, 2001)]
[Senate]
[Pages S6312-S6313]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
COMMEMORATION OF FLAG DAY
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, two hundred and twenty-four years ago
today, the United States was engaged in its War for Independence. I
note that the American Continental Army, now the United States Army,
was established by the Continental Congress, just two years earlier on
June 14, 1775. I express my congratulations to the United States Army
on its 226th birthday.
At the start of that War, American colonists fought under a variety
of local flags. The Continental Colors, or Grand Union Flag, was the
unofficial national flag from 1775-1777. This flag had thirteen
alternating red and white stripes, with the English flag in the upper
left corner.
Following the publication of the Declaration of Independence, it was
no longer appropriate to fly a banner containing the British flag.
Accordingly, on June 14, 1777, the Continental Congress passed a
resolution that ``the Flag of the United States be 13 stripes alternate
red and white, and the Union be 13 stars white and a blue field
representing a new constellation.''
No record exists as to why the Continental Congress adopted the now-
familiar red, white and blue. A later action by the Congress, convened
under the Articles of Confederation, may provide an appropriate
interpretation on the use of these colors. Five years after adopting
the flag resolution, in 1782, a resolution regarding the Great Seal of
the United States contained a statement on the meanings of the colors:
red--for hardiness and courage; white--for purity and innocence; and
blue for vigilance, perseverance, and justice.
The stripes, symbolic of the thirteen original colonies, were similar
to the five red and four white stripes on the flag of the Sons of
Liberty, an early colonial flag. The stars of the first national flag
after 1777 were arranged in a variety of patterns. The most popular
design placed the stars in alternating rows of three or two stars.
Another flag placed twelve stars in a circle with the thirteenth star
in the center. A now popular image of a flag of that day, although it
was rarely used at the time, placed the thirteen stars in a circle.
As our country has grown, the Stars and Stripes have undergone
necessary modifications. Alterations include the addition, then
deletion, of stripes; and the addition and rearrangement of the field
of stars.
While our Star-Spangled Banner has seen changes, the message it
represents is constant. That message is one of patriotism and respect,
wherever the flag is found flying. Henry Ward Beecher, a prominent 19th
century clergyman and lecturer stated, ``A thoughtful mind, when it
sees a Nation's flag, sees not the flag only, but the Nation itself;
and whatever may be its symbols, its insignia, he reads chiefly in the
flag the Government, the principles, the truths, and the history which
belong to the nation that sets it forth.''
Old Glory represents the land, the people, the government and the
ideals of the United States, no matter when or where it is displayed
throughout the world--in land battle, the first such occurrence being
August 16, 1777 at the Battle of Bennington; on a U.S. Navy ship, such
as the Ranger, under the command of John Paul Jones in November 1777;
or in Antarctica, in 1840, on the pilot boat Flying Fish of the Charles
Wilkes expedition.
The flag has proudly represented our Republic beyond the Earth and
into the heavens. The stirring images of Neil Armstrong and Edwin
Aldrin saluting the flag on the moon, on July 20, 1969 moved the Nation
to new heights of patriotism and national pride.
Today we pause to commemorate our Nation's most clear symbol--our
flag. An early account of a day of celebration of the flag was reported
by the Hartford Courant suggesting an observance was held throughout
the State of Connecticut, in 1861. The origin of our modern Flag Day is
often traced to the work of Bernard Cigrand, who in 1885 held his own
observance of the flag's birthday in his one-room schoolhouse in
Waubeka, Wisconsin. This began his decades-long campaign for a day of
national recognition of the Flag. His advocacy for this cause was
reflected in numerous newspaper articles, books, magazines and lectures
of the day. His celebrated pamphlet on ``Laws and Customs Regulating
the Use of the Flag of the United States'' received wide distribution.
His petition to President Woodrow Wilson for a national observance
was rewarded with a Presidential Proclamation designating June 14, 1916
as Flag Day. On a prior occasion President Wilson noted, ``Things that
the flag stands for were created by the experiences of a great people.
Everything
[[Page S6313]]
that it stands for was written by their lives. The flag is the
embodiment, not of sentiment, but of history. It represents the
experiences made by men and women, the experiences of those who do and
live under the flag.''
Flag Day was officially designated a National observance by a Joint
Resolution approved by Congress and the President in 1949, and first
celebrated the following year. This year, then, marks the 51st
anniversary of a Congressionally designated Flag Day.
It is appropriate that we pause today, on this Flag Day, to render
our respect and honor to the symbol of our Nation, and to review our
commitment to the underlying principles it represents. Today, let us
reflect on the deeds and sacrifices of those who have gone before and
the legacy they left to us. Let us ponder our own endeavors and the
inheritance we will leave to future generations.
Finally, as we commemorate the heritage our flag represents, may we
as a Nation pledge not only our allegiance, but also our efforts to
furthering the standards represented by its colors--courage, virtue,
perseverance, and justice. Through these universal concepts, We the
People can ensure better lives for ourselves and our children, for
these are the characteristics of greatness. In doing so, we can move
closer to the goal so well stated by Daniel Webster at the laying of
the cornerstone of the Bunker Hill Monument on June 17, 1825. On that
occasion he said, ``Let our object be our country, our whole country,
and nothing but our country. And, by the blessing of God, may that
country itself become a vast and splendid monument, not of oppression
and terror, but of Wisdom, of Peace, and of Liberty, upon which the
world may gaze with admiration forever.''
I have long supported legislation which imposes penalties on anyone
who knowingly mutilates, defaces, burns, tramples upon, or physically
defiles any U.S. flag. I have also supported a constitutional amendment
to grant Congress and the States the power to prohibit the physical
desecration of the U.S. flag. I regret that the Senate has yet to adopt
a Resolution for a flag protection Constitutional amendment.
I am pleased that the Senate adopted a Resolution to provide for a
designated Senator to lead the Senate in reciting the Pledge of
Allegiance to the Flag of the United States. This has added greatly to
the opening of the Senate each day.
Today I encourage my colleagues and all Americans to take note of the
history and meaning of this 14th day of June. We celebrate our Flag,
observing its 224th birthday, and the 226-year-old Army which has so
proudly and valiantly defended it and our great Nation.
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