[Congressional Record Volume 147, Number 70 (Monday, May 21, 2001)]
[House]
[Pages H2348-H2354]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
SMALL BUSINESS LIABILITY PROTECTION ACT
Mr. GILLMOR. Madam Speaker, I move to suspend the rules and pass the
bill (H.R. 1831) to provide certain relief for small businesses from
liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act of 1980.
The Clerk read as follows:
H.R. 1831
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Small Business Liability
Protection Act''.
SEC. 2. SMALL BUSINESS LIABILITY RELIEF.
(a) Exemptions.--Section 107 of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of
1980 (42 U.S.C. 9607) is amended by adding at the end the
following new subsections:
``(o) De Micromis Exemption.--
``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), a
person shall not be liable, with respect to response costs at
a facility on the National Priorities List, under this Act if
liability is based solely on paragraph (3) or (4) of
subsection (a), and the person, except as provided in
paragraph (4) of this subsection, can demonstrate that--
``(A) the total amount of the material containing hazardous
substances that the person arranged for disposal or treatment
of, arranged with a transporter for transport for disposal or
treatment of, or accepted for transport for disposal or
treatment, at the facility was less than 110 gallons of
liquid materials or less than 200 pounds of solid materials
(or such greater or lesser amounts as the Administrator may
determine by regulation); and
``(B) all or part of the disposal, treatment, or transport
concerned occurred before April 1, 2001.
``(2) Exceptions.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply in a case
in which--
``(A) the President determines that--
``(i) the materials containing hazardous substances
referred to in paragraph (1) have contributed significantly
or could contribute significantly, either individually or in
the aggregate, to the cost of the response action or natural
resource restoration with respect to the facility; or
``(ii) the person has failed to comply with an information
request or administrative subpoena issued by the President
under this Act or has impeded or is impeding, through action
or inaction, the performance of a response action or natural
resource restoration with respect to the facility; or
``(B) a person has been convicted of a criminal violation
for the conduct to which the exemption would apply, and that
conviction has not been vitiated on appeal or otherwise.
``(3) No judicial review.--A determination by the President
under paragraph (2)(A) shall not be subject to judicial
review.
``(4) Nongovernmental third-party contribution actions.--In
the case of a contribution action, with respect to response
costs at a facility on the National Priorities List, brought
by a party, other than a Federal, State, or local government,
under this Act, the burden of proof shall be on the party
bringing the action to demonstrate that the conditions
described in paragraph (1)(A) and (B) of this subsection are
not met.
``(p) Municipal Solid Waste Exemption.--
``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2) of
this subsection, a person shall not be liable, with respect
to response costs at a facility on the National Priorities
List, under paragraph (3) of subsection (a) for municipal
solid waste disposed of at a facility if the person, except
as provided in paragraph (5) of this subsection, can
demonstrate that the person is--
``(A) an owner, operator, or lessee of residential property
from which all of the person's municipal solid waste was
generated with respect to the facility;
``(B) a business entity (including a parent, subsidiary, or
affiliate of the entity) that, during its 3 taxable years
preceding the date of transmittal of written notification
from the President of its potential liability under this
section, employed on average not more than 100 full-time
individuals, or the equivalent thereof, and that is a
small business concern (within the meaning of the Small
Business Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.)) from which was
generated all of the municipal solid waste attributable to
the entity with respect to the facility; or
``(C) an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under
section 501(a) of such Code that, during its taxable year
preceding the date of transmittal of written notification
from the President of its potential liability under this
section, employed not more than 100 paid individuals at the
location from which was generated all of the municipal solid
waste attributable to the organization with respect to the
facility.
For purposes of this subsection, the term `affiliate' has the
meaning of that term provided in the definition of `small
business concern' in regulations promulgated by the Small
Business Administration in accordance with the Small Business
Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.).
``(2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply in a case
in which the President determines that--
``(A) the municipal solid waste referred to in paragraph
(1) has contributed significantly or could contribute
significantly, either individually or in the aggregate, to
the cost of the response action or natural resource
restoration with respect to the facility;
``(B) the person has failed to comply with an information
request or administrative subpoena issued by the President
under this Act; or
``(C) the person has impeded or is impeding, through action
or inaction, the performance of a response action or natural
resource restoration with respect to the facility.
``(3) No judicial review.--A determination by the President
under paragraph (2) shall not be subject to judicial review.
``(4) Definition of municipal solid waste.--
``(A) In general.--For purposes of this subsection, the
term `municipal solid waste' means waste material--
``(i) generated by a household (including a single or
multifamily residence); and
``(ii) generated by a commercial, industrial, or
institutional entity, to the extent that the waste material--
``(I) is essentially the same as waste normally generated
by a household;
``(II) is collected and disposed of with other municipal
solid waste as part of normal municipal solid waste
collection services; and
``(III) contains a relative quantity of hazardous
substances no greater than the relative quantity of hazardous
substances contained in waste material generated by a typical
single-family household.
``(B) Examples.--Examples of municipal solid waste under
subparagraph (A) include food and yard waste, paper,
clothing, appliances, consumer product packaging, disposable
diapers, office supplies, cosmetics, glass and metal food
containers, elementary or secondary school science laboratory
waste, and household hazardous waste.
``(C) Exclusions.--The term `municipal solid waste' does
not include--
``(i) combustion ash generated by resource recovery
facilities or municipal incinerators; or
``(ii) waste material from manufacturing or processing
operations (including pollution control operations) that is
not essentially the same as waste normally generated by
households.
``(5) Burden of proof.--In the case of an action, with
respect to response costs at a facility on the National
Priorities List, brought under section 107 or 113 by--
``(A) a party, other than a Federal, State, or local
government, with respect to municipal solid waste disposed of
on or after April 1, 2001; or
``(B) any party with respect to municipal solid waste
disposed of before April 1, 2001, the burden of proof shall
be on the party bringing the action to demonstrate that
the conditions described in paragraphs (1) and (4) for
exemption for entities and organizations described in
paragraph (1)(B) and (C) are not met.
``(6) Certain actions not permitted.--No contribution
action may be brought by a party, other than a Federal,
State, or local government, under this Act with respect to
circumstances described in paragraph (1)(A).
``(7) Costs and fees.--A nongovernmental entity that
commences, after the date of the enactment of this
subsection, a contribution action under this Act shall be
liable to the defendant for all reasonable costs of defending
the action, including all reasonable attorney's fees and
expert witness fees, if the defendant is not liable for
contribution based on an exemption under this subsection or
subsection (o).''.
(b) Expedited Settlement.--Section 122(g) of such Act (42
U.S.C. 9622(g)) is amended by adding at the end the following
new paragraphs:
``(7) Reduction in settlement amount based on limited
ability to pay.--
``(A) In general.--The condition for settlement under this
paragraph is that the potentially responsible party is a
person who demonstrates to the President an inability or a
limited ability to pay response costs.
``(B) Considerations.--In determining whether or not a
demonstration is made under subparagraph (A) by a person, the
President shall take into consideration the ability of the
person to pay response costs and still maintain its basic
business operations, including consideration of the overall
[[Page H2349]]
financial condition of the person and demonstrable
constraints on the ability of the person to raise revenues.
``(C) Information.--A person requesting settlement under
this paragraph shall promptly provide the President with all
relevant information needed to determine the ability of the
person to pay response costs.
``(D) Alternative payment methods.--If the President
determines that a person is unable to pay its total
settlement amount at the time of settlement, the President
shall consider such alternative payment methods as may be
necessary or appropriate.
``(8) Additional conditions for expedited settlements.--
``(A) Waiver of claims.--The President shall require, as a
condition for settlement under this subsection, that a
potentially responsible party waive all of the claims
(including a claim for contribution under this Act) that the
party may have against other potentially responsible parties
for response costs incurred with respect to the facility,
unless the President determines that requiring a waiver would
be unjust.
``(B) Failure to comply.--The President may decline to
offer a settlement to a potentially responsible party under
this subsection if the President determines that the
potentially responsible party has failed to comply with any
request for access or information or an administrative
subpoena issued by the President under this Act or has
impeded or is impeding, through action or inaction, the
performance of a response action with respect to the
facility.
``(C) Responsibility to provide information and access.--A
potentially responsible party that enters into a settlement
under this subsection shall not be relieved of the
responsibility to provide any information or access requested
in accordance with subsection (e)(3)(B) or section 104(e).
``(9) Basis of determination.--If the President determines
that a potentially responsible party is not eligible for
settlement under this subsection, the President shall provide
the reasons for the determination in writing to the
potentially responsible party that requested a settlement
under this subsection.
``(10) Notification.--As soon as practicable after receipt
of sufficient information to make a determination, the
President shall notify any person that the President
determines is eligible under paragraph (1) of the person's
eligibility for an expedited settlement.
``(11) No judicial review.--A determination by the
President under paragraph (7), (8), (9), or (10) shall not be
subject to judicial review.
``(12) Notice of settlement.--After a settlement under this
subsection becomes final with respect to a facility, the
President shall promptly notify potentially responsible
parties at the facility that have not resolved their
liability to the United States of the settlement.''.
SEC. 3. EFFECT ON CONCLUDED ACTIONS.
The amendments made by this Act shall not apply to or in
any way affect any settlement lodged in, or judgment issued
by, a United States District Court, or any administrative
settlement or order entered into or issued by the United
States or any State, before the date of the enactment of this
Act.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to the rule, the gentleman from
Ohio (Mr. Gillmor) and the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Costello) each
will control 20 minutes.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Gillmor).
General Leave
Mr. GILLMOR. Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members
may have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend their
remarks on this legislation, and to insert extraneous material on the
bill.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the
gentleman from Ohio?
There was no objection.
Mr. GILLMOR. Madam Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the
gentleman from Tennessee (Mr. Duncan) be permitted to control 10
minutes of the time on this side of the aisle.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the
gentleman from Ohio?
There was no objection.
Mr. GILLMOR. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may
consume.
Today my colleagues and I bring environmental legislation before this
House that we believe will make a difference in the lives of everyday
Americans. This bill, the Small Business Liability Protection Act, will
help to end the long nightmares suffered by so many small businesses
which become liable for substantial amounts of money only for throwing
regular, ordinary household waste in the local dump.
As a member of the House's Subcommittee on Hazardous Materials for
the past several Congresses, I have heard repeated stories of
businessowners who found themselves involved in serious Superfund
liability litigation for either throwing out just regular trash, or
having legally disposed of some material that years later was found to
be improperly disposed of. The bill before us, H.R. 1831, will take a
major step toward trying to bring some sanity and to bring some
fairness to Superfund liability.
To illustrate my point, Madam Speaker, I would like to provide a few
examples of how the current system produces unfair results.
Greg Shierling took over a McDonalds business from his parents in
1996. In 1999, he was informed that he was financially responsible to
the tune of $65,000 for cleanup of a landfill that his parents had
legally trucked trash to 30 years ago when Greg was still in grade
school.
Mike Nobis owns a printing shop. In February of 1999, he was informed
that six large local companies were coming after him and 147 other
small businesses for $3.1 million in cleanup costs because he had
legally sent paper and ordinary trash to the local landfill.
Pat McClean was forced to pay $21,900. His problem was that his
business, a restaurant, sent chicken bones, potato peelings, and soiled
napkins to a local dump.
Mr. McClean's story is practically identical to Barbara Williams of
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Her former restaurant, the Sunny Ray, became
enmeshed in the financial quagmire of Superfund liability because she
too threw chicken bones and other ordinary trash in the local dump.
Each of these stories is somewhat different, but in many ways are the
same. A person legally disposed of ordinary trash. They were then sued
by someone else, trying to get money for cleanup, and in order to pay
the bill, pay the debt, the small business laid off trusted employees,
had to sue friends in the community, built substantial legal bills, and
suffered undue personal anguish. That outcome simply is not right.
To address these concerns, our bill provides relief to small
business, those of 100 employees or less; it provides liability
protection to small businesses that disposed of very small amounts of
ordinary garbage, and it shelters small businesses from serious
financial hardship by offering the businesses affected expedited
settlements.
{time} 1515
It does not save any business from Superfund liability if their waste
stream caused serious environmental harm. The bill provides an
appropriate helping hand while keeping the onus on all businesses to be
responsible stewards of our environment.
This legislation is not the type of comprehensive Superfund
legislation that many have supported over the years, including myself.
There have been several unrealized attempts over the years to reach
that Holy Grail. It has resulted not in a better Superfund program, but
in more lawsuits, more stigmas, and less clean-up.
Rather, this bill is an acknowledgment that something must be done
and that the best way to provide commonsense liability relief to those
who need it is to find those areas of agreement within the Superfund
universe and move them forward.
In fact, Mr. Speaker, I look forward to working diligently on
brownfields legislation once this bill passes.
I want to make a few comments about some other Members who have
worked on this bill. I want to thank the vice-chairman of our
subcommittee, the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Shimkus), who first
brought this matter before Congress last year.
I want to express appreciation to the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Oxley)
for his help in laying the groundwork for today.
I also want to thank the ranking members of both our subcommittee and
full committee, the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Pallone) and the
gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Dingell). Their work on this issue has
been instrumental in bringing this bill before us.
Finally, I want to thank the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin),
the chairman, and the committee staff for their hard work in support of
this legislative effort.
I urge all Members to vote for the passage of H.R. 1831.
[[Page H2350]]
Executive Office of the President, Office of Management
and Budget,
Washington, DC, May 21, 2001.
Statement of Administration Policy
h.r. 1831--small business liability protection act
The Administration strongly supports enactment of H.R.
1831. The bill will promote the cleanup of Superfund sites
and reduce needless lawsuits by drawing a bright line between
large contributors of toxic waste and small businesses who
disposed of only small amounts of waste or ordinary trash.
The Administration commends the bipartisan sponsors of H.R.
1831 for developing legislation that will reduce litigation
and thereby increase the time and resources that can be spent
on cleaning the environment. The Administration will continue
to work in the legislative process to address concerns with
the provisions that cut off citizens' access to courts and
withhold the benefits of the bill for small businesses unless
they comply with all information requests imposed by EPA,
whether the law requires the furnishing of that information
or not.
Madam Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. COSTELLO. Madam Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from
Florida (Mr. Deutsch), of the Committee on Energy and Commerce; and I
ask unanimous consent that he be permitted to allocate time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. Biggert). Is there objection to the
request of the gentleman from Illinois?
There was no objection.
Mr. COSTELLO. Madam Speaker, I strongly support H.R. 1831, the Small
Business Liability Protection Act.
For over 8 years, there has been a general consensus among the
Members of this House that too many small businesses, homeowners, and
small charitable organizations were being sued by large businesses for
Superfund clean-up costs when these parties did nothing more than put
out their normal trash.
Unfortunately, the House has not been able to pass legislation to
stop these abuses because liability protection was always a component
of a larger and more controversial bill.
Today, we are taking a critical step to ending this abuse, which has
been called a nightmare for small businesses, their families, friends,
and neighbors. This bill is brief, only 13 pages; but its impact will
be widespread among the small business community. Businesses with not
more than 100 employees will now be able to feel secure that they will
not be sued by larger businesses when all they did was send out
ordinary trash to a Superfund site.
In my district in southwestern and southern Illinois, for example,
virtually all businesses will now be protected from such lawsuits. In
addition to protecting those who sent the trash, the bill also exempts
any party that sent very small amounts of waste to a Superfund site.
At too many sites across the country, polluters at Superfund sites
have engaged in abusive practices of literally suing every business in
the phone book as a way of spreading out their cost for Superfund
clean-up. The theory was that everyone's trash must contain some
hazardous substances. This bill will stop that abuse.
This bill demonstrates that by working in a bipartisan manner, we can
in fact get results that help real people, real benefits to real
people. It is no secret that this bill is of major interest to the
National Federation of Independent Business. That organization should
be congratulated for reaching out in a bipartisan manner and working
with Democrats and Republicans to develop this legislation.
Madam Speaker, I urge my colleagues to support this legislation, and
I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. DUNCAN. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
(Mr. DUNCAN asked and was given permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. DUNCAN. Madam Speaker, I rise in strong support of H.R. 1831, the
Small Business Liability Protection Act.
Madam Speaker, virtually every Member of Congress has a story to tell
about the abuses of the Superfund program in his or her district. We
have just heard a number of examples of that by my friend, the
gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Gillmor). The worst abuses often involve using
this statute to threaten small parties and small businesses with
liability for millions of dollars to pay for the clean-up of a
Superfund site, even if the contamination that requires cleaning up has
nothing to do with their waste.
When Congress passed the Superfund statute in 1980, Congress was not
aiming at small businesses and ordinary garbage. However, at the urging
of overzealous attorneys representing both EPA and third-party
plaintiffs, courts have expanded Superfund liabilities so far that
someone can be held liable for cleaning up a site even if they sent
only a quart of oil, ordinary household garbage, or even a single
copper penny.
This theory of joint and several liability, holding someone liable
for all of the costs regardless of their degree of involvement at a
site, has created unfairness, to say the least, for all parties caught
up in Superfund liability.
But the burden of this liability falls most heavily on small
businesses, which often cannot even afford to hire a lawyer. In fact,
Madam Speaker, I have said before that we should pin a medal on anyone
who survives in small business today, and certainly Superfund problems
of small businesses are a prime example.
While we have not yet addressed all of the problems with the
Superfund statute, I am proud to say that today we can make this flawed
program a little bit fairer. Today we can pass legislation to protect
small businesses from at least some Superfund liability. H.R. 1831
accomplishes this goal by providing an exemption from liability for
people or companies who send only a small amount of waste to a
Superfund site and households, small businesses, and now nonprofit
organizations that send only ordinary trash to a Superfund site.
Under the bill, these parties will not have to hire a lawyer to gain
the protection of these exemptions. In most cases, H.R. 1831 places the
burden on the plaintiff to prove that the small party is not exempt.
Finally, we realized that not all small businesses will be eligible
for these exemptions. For these small businesses, H.R. 1831 provides an
expedited settlement based on a limited ability to pay so that they are
not trapped in Superfund litigation for years and years, as we have
seen some small businesses in the past years since we have passed the
original Superfund legislation.
This bill does not accomplish everything we want to accomplish on
Superfund reform, but it is certainly a good first step in the right
direction.
I want to say that, first of all, I would like to commend my good
friend, one of the great leaders of this Congress, the gentleman from
New York (Mr. Boehlert), of the Committee on Science and a Member who
chaired the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment of the
Committee on Transportation in the past 6 years in the Congress, and
held numerous hearings on this legislation and other Superfund-type
issues.
I also want to commend the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Gillmor) for the
work that he has done, because he has worked on this for several years.
I want to thank another close friend, the gentleman from Illinois
(Mr. Costello), for his support, as he has expressed today; and the
ranking member, his ranking member of our full committee, the gentleman
from Minnesota (Mr. Oberstar); and certainly, last but not least, the
chairman of our full committee, the gentleman from Alaska (Mr. Young),
all of whom have expressed strong support for this very fine
legislation to provide at least some assistance to the small businesses
of this Nation.
Madam Speaker, I urge all Members to support this very moderate and
reasonable legislation, and I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. DEUTSCH. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may
consume.
Madam Speaker, over the past 7 years, Members on the Democratic side
of the aisle have supported bills to deal with the three issues covered
by the bipartisan compromise that the House considers today.
I support the fair, balanced compromise contained in this bill. It
deals with the liability of parties who sent very small amounts of
hazardous substance to a site, and the liability of homeowners and
small businesses that
[[Page H2351]]
has arisen from the generation of municipal solid waste, basic
household trash.
I congratulate all of my colleagues from both sides of the aisle for
their dedication in resolving these difficult issues. Ideology has been
put aside to produce a common-sense bill that can and should become a
public law.
This legislation codifies the Environmental Protection Agency's
current ability-to-pay policy, and contains two tailored exemptions
from liability at final Superfund national priority list sites.
The first exemption is available for any person who sent very small
amounts of waste to a Superfund NPL site. The second exemption provides
liability protection for homeowners and small businesses who have had
their trash picked up by their city trash collector and then disposed
of at a local landfill which has been listed as a Superfund NPL site.
Under the bill, the costs associated with the two exemptions and the
ability-to-pay provision are not transferred to the Superfund trust
fund or the Federal program. This paragraph reflects the EPA policy
that de micromis parties who have contributed only a minuscule amount
of waste to the site should not participate in the financing of the
clean-up.
However, to deal with the equities of the situation where the waste
material could contribute significantly to the cost of the clean-up,
the bill gives the President the right, which cannot be challenged in
court, to deny the exemption.
During discussions of this bill, representatives of small business
emphasized that their problem is not with the government but with
large, responsible parties who go after or threaten small businesses or
homeowners as part of a scorched-earth litigation strategy.
For example, we have heard of situations where large responsible
parties threaten to sue small businesses and homeowners listed in the
local phone book because their trash was picked up by the municipality
and deposited in the local landfill. To address these problems, this
legislation will provide that no homeowner can be sued for merely
putting household trash out on the curb which was picked up by the
municipality.
Small businesses and those who sent extremely small amounts of waste
material to the Superfund site obtained additional protection by having
the burden of proof shifted in their favor in these third-party
actions, as well as providing them the ability to collect reasonable
attorneys' fees.
This bill represents a targeted and workable reform that is warranted
and long overdue. I urge my colleagues to support the legislation.
Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. GILLMOR. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from
Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin), the chairman of the full committee.
Mr. TAUZIN. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman for yielding time to
me.
Mr. Speaker, first I would like to thank and appreciate the great
work of the subcommittee chairman, the gentleman from Ohio (Mr.
Gillmor), in bringing this legislation to the floor today, and to
recognize that this is the first, I think, significant reform in
environmental laws in this country in 5 years; and that for this to
happen, it required an extraordinary amount of bipartisan cooperation
and support.
I particularly want to single out the ranking member of the
Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on
Energy and Commerce, the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Pallone), who
has done an extraordinary job of reaching across the aisle to the
gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Gillmor) and bringing this bill forward.
I owe a great deal of gratitude to my own ranking member, the
gentleman from Michigan (Mr. Dingell), who is working closely with me
on the Committee of Energy and Commerce to bring a bipartisan spirit to
much of our work. Again, this bill is the best symbol of that effort to
date. I want to thank him for that.
I of course would like to thank the gentleman from Illinois (Mr.
Shimkus), the gentleman from Tennessee (Mr. Duncan), and the gentleman
from Oregon (Mr. DeFazio), who have put in so many hours and years.
There are numerous other people in this room who deserve credit.
It is important to note that this is indeed a bipartisan effort to
find an answer to a very troubling problem in Superfund law, that is,
how to protect the innocent folks who get caught up into this amazing
and deep liability and litigation scheme that was designed to make sure
that real polluters were punished by making them responsible for
cleaning up Superfund sites in this country.
This particular area of small business relief I think was really
brought to our attention for all Americans by Barbara Williams, the
former owner of SunnyRay Restaurant in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, who
told us here in Congress about her own nightmare experience of being
drawn into Superfund liability and transaction costs and litigation
expenses. And for what reason? That her restaurant had put some chicken
bones into her waste, and this had eventually gone to a site. All of a
sudden she found herself wrapped up in the system in a way that the law
never was intended to give Americans those kinds of problems.
The passage of this bill, which is hugely endorsed by NFIB and by the
administration, is not the end; but it is certainly the beginning of
Superfund reform. I commend the authors and encourage passage of the
bill.
Mr. COSTELLO. Madam Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time.
Mr. DUNCAN. Madam Speaker, I yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from
New York (Mr. Boehlert), the chairman of the Committee on Science and a
gentleman who has been a real leader on this particular legislation.
(Mr. BOEHLERT asked and was given permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. BOEHLERT. Madam Speaker, first of all, let me thank the gentleman
from Tennessee (Mr. Duncan) for the outstanding leadership he has
provided, and so many others, in support of this legislation.
I, too, support the legislation. While the bill provides some long-
needed relief for small businesses and communities caught up in the
Superfund liability net, it also signals a missed opportunity to enact
more comprehensive reform.
For those of us familiar with the world of Superfund, H.R. 1831
specifically provides a de micromis exemption for those who are
contributors of truly tiny amounts of waste.
{time} 1530
It also exempts those who contributed nonhazardous garbage, translate
that, municipal solid waste. Finally, it encourages faster and fairer
settlements through ``ability to pay'' procedures.
Make no mistake, though, this is not comprehensive reform. I continue
to believe that the best approach is a more comprehensive one, an
approach that addresses broader inequities in the liability scheme;
that accelerates brownfields revisitization; that puts an end to joint
and several liability; that embraces the concept of fair-share
allocation, rejecting the just plain goofy concept of deep pockets.
If you are more successful, you have to pay more, regardless of what
you contributed to the problem; that just does not make sense. We have
to come to grips with the reality of the need to reauthorize Superfund
taxes to ensure the principal of the fund, as well as the polluter pays
principal.
Do not get nervous. We are talking about \12/100\ of a percent on
profits in excess of $2 million when figured under the alternative
minimum tax scheme. That sounds like so much mumbo jumbo.
But for a short period of time if we do not reauthorize the lapsed
corporate environmental income tax, which I am convinced all America
would embrace, then we do not have a Superfund fund to pay the bills.
We have to do it. That was the basis of the bill H.R. 1300 that moved
through the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure on a 69 to 2
vote in the last Congress. It continues to be the right approach, and
that is why I have reintroduced it as H.R. 324 this year.
Madam Speaker, however, I am a realist. Given the complications of
moving a more comprehensive bill, I support moving forward today with
this targeted compromise, and I congratulate the gentleman from Ohio
(Mr.
[[Page H2352]]
Gillmor) and the gentleman from Tennessee (Mr. Duncan) for bringing it
forward as long as we continue to work on other important components of
the Superfund issue.
Let me point out, we know the impediment to reauthorizing the lapsed
corporate environmental income tax, the \12/100\ of a percent tax, it
is the oil industry. Last time I checked, they were doing pretty well.
One company, in the first quarter of this year, made $5 billion in
profits; and you know what this \12/100\ of a percent tax would cost
the entire industry, not the one company, but the entire industry, $33
million.
The oil industry should be embarrassed, some members of the industry,
some are responsible, I am not painting with a broad brush, to tell us
they are opposed to reauthorizing it. That just does not make sense.
We have to deal with brownfields legislation. That is something else
that is very important. Over 450,000 brownfields from coast to coast,
mainly in our urban centers, laying idle because people are afraid to
touch them because of some future liability. Those are where the jobs
are needed in our center cities.
If you want to deal with urban sprawl, deal with it in a responsible
way, pass brownfields legislation. So I hope this is only chapter 1 in
a rather dramatic story that this Congress is writing dealing with
Superfund in a comprehensive, sweeping way.
Madam Speaker, this is good public policy for America. This is a
start. Madam Speaker, I am proud to identify with chapter 1, but I want
to see more chapters.
Mr. DEUTSCH. Madam Speaker, I yield the remainder of the time to the
gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Pallone), the ranking member of the
Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials.
Mr. PALLONE. Madam Speaker, I want to thank the gentleman from
Florida (Mr. Deutsch) for taking the time and being here to lead the
bill on the Democratic side.
As I did last week in committee, I wanted to take a moment to
recognize the significance of the consensus legislation that we will be
considering in the House today. H.R. 1831, the Small Business Liability
Protection Act, is a result of the hard work of Democrats and
Republicans alike working towards a common goal. I believe our
bipartisan efforts have produced an effective piece of legislation.
Madam Speaker, this bill will provide relief from private third-party
litigation against homeowners and small businesses who had their trash
taken to the local landfill and anyone who generates a minuscule amount
of waste material containing hazardous substances. It is the EPA policy
not to pursue or sue persons who meet these criteria.
Unfortunately, in many places, like Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and
Quincy, Illinois, large responsible parties have threatened or sued
small businesses with litigation. This legislation provides real
protections for small businesses, homeowners, and contributors of very
small amounts of waste material.
Most important is the fact that this legislation provides necessary
protection while, at the same time, preserving the government's burden
of proof, upholding important environmental provisions, and insuring
that cleanup funds are not affected because there are no cost shifts to
the Superfund trust fund or the Federal program.
Again, Madam Speaker, I wanted to point out my pleasure with this
consensus legislation. I want to thank the staff of the Committee on
Energy and Commerce who helped us on both sides of the aisle put this
together, and I look forward to a joint effort to help pass this bill
obviously today in the House and also in the Senate soon and have it
enacted into law.
Madam Speaker, I want to again thank the gentleman from Florida (Mr.
Deutsch), my colleague, for being here to be in charge of the bill on
the Democratic side.
Mr. COSTELLO. Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
Mr. GILLMOR. Madam Speaker, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from
Illinois (Mr. Shimkus).
(Mr. SHIMKUS asked and was given permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. SHIMKUS. Madam Speaker, I want to thank the gentleman from Ohio
(Mr. Gillmor), chairman of the Subcommittee on Environment and
Hazardous Materials; the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin),
chairman of the Committee on Energy and Commerce; the gentleman from
Michigan (Mr. Dingell), the ranking member of the Committee on Energy
and Commerce; and the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Pallone), the
ranking member on the Subcommittee on the Environment and Hazardous
Materials, for their help in this legislation.
From my perspective, this legislation is for Quincy, Illinois.
On February 10, 1999, letters were sent from the EPA with a suspense
date of March 15, 1999 to settle or get sued. It was as simple as that.
We were able to go up to Quincy right after that letter hit the street
on a Saturday morning to meet with over 100 small businesses.
We were able to get the EPA to delay the suspense date until March
24, and they actually sent out a legal person to basically make the
case that they needed to settle or sue.
They were constrained by current law, so that is why I got involved
with this battle that has been going on for many, many years to draft
legislation to change the law.
The EPA gave a lot of the small businesses in Quincy, Illinois until
March 24 to settle. There was 165 small businesses, and the settlement
amount was over $3.1 million. I personally was in contact with over 100
constituents. Some of these are still in litigation today.
The Speaker of the House, the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Hastert),
came to visit Quincy, along with the gentleman from Iowa (Mr. Boswell),
the gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Hulshof), the gentlewoman from
Missouri (Mrs. Emerson). In those meetings, legislation was dropped in
June of 1999, which was brought to the floor in the fall of 2000 on the
suspension calendar, just like today. Unfortunately, although it had
the majority of votes, it did not have the two-thirds required for
passage.
We went back at it again in the new 107th Congress with new chairmen
and a new attitude. Again, I want to thank the gentleman from Ohio (Mr.
Gillmor), chairman of the Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous
Materials; the gentleman from Louisiana (Mr. Tauzin), chairman of the
Committee on Energy and Commerce; the gentleman from Michigan (Mr.
Dingell), the ranking member of the Committee on Energy and Commerce;
and the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Pallone), the ranking member on
the Subcommittee on the Environment and Hazardous Materials, who pushed
this through.
We have a book that many of us read when we go to schools, especially
grade schools, the House Mouse book in which there is a big debate on
legislation about American cheese or Swiss cheese. Finally, both bodies
of the legislative branch get together, and they decide American
cheese, and the bill gets signed into law. And the little class that
sent the letter is watching on TV as the President signs the bill. The
story ends with the teacher saying we live in a wonderful, wonderful
land.
Our ability to breach compromise and move legislation to get small
businesses out of this trap of this Superfund liability is truly a
remarkable compromise. I want to thank all of those who were involved.
Yes, we do live in a wonderful, wonderful land.
Mr. DUNCAN. Madam Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may consume.
Madam Speaker, I will simply say that this legislation is designed to
remove some unintended consequences from this original Superfund
legislation. In effect, it would have been done many years ago if we
had been able to foresee what would happen in regard to some of these
Superfund cleanup projects.
So this is very good environmental legislation. It is very good small
business legislation, very fair and reasonable and moderate, and is
something that I think can be proudly supported by Members on both
sides of the aisle.
Mr. OXLEY. Madam Speaker, for twenty years, small business owners
have lived in fear of the onerous Superfund law. With the
[[Page H2353]]
passage of H.R. 1831, the Small Business Liability Protection Act, the
House of Representatives is saying, ``Enough!''
As you may know, Superfund reform consumed a good portion of my
legislative career during the last half decade. That's how I came to
meet Barbara Williams, the restaurant owner in Gettysburg who found
herself ensnared in Superfund liability even though she did little more
than dump a few chicken bones and leftover mashed potatoes in the local
landfill.
Small business owners across the country have suffered through the
same expensive experience. Superfund was never supposed to drive these
hard-working business people into bankruptcy. The National Federation
of Independent Business has been out in front, trying to correct this
injustice. And over the years, I came to feel that many Members also
regarded this as unfair.
Barbara Williams and the NFIB started a crusade that is culminating
in this bill. The legislative process can move slowly . . . and while
it's moving, some us move along. But I have a sense of satisfaction
that we are doing the right thing for innocent small businesses. I'd
like to thank all of the people who worked with me on Superfund reform,
and congratulate all those involved in bringing H.R. 1831 to the floor,
including my colleague and good friend from Ohio, Representative Paul
Gillmor.
Ms. McCARTHY of Missouri. Madam Speaker, for years now, Congress has
tried to bring relief to small business owners with Superfund concerns.
I applaud bipartisan effort on this legislation to alleviate the
unnecessary financial burdens on small business owners who are unjustly
brought into the legal fray for sites where they did not contribute to
the contamination. The Superfund program and the redevelopment of
Brownfield sites are essential to the economic prosperity of our
communities. H.R. 1831, the legislation before us today, is a balanced
and fair approach because while it provides protections to relieve
small business that did not contribute to the contamination from
unnecessary and unwarranted litigation, it holds the appropriate
contaminators accountable.
Much more work needs to be done to reform the Superfund program,
including helping others seeking legitimate liability relief and
holding those who did the actual contamination accountable, but this
bill, seven years in the making, provides the long awaited relief that
small businesses throughout our nation need. We must keep making
progress on broader Superfund legislation
Our actions at the Federal level should complement the successes of
the Brownfields Program. Redevelopment of Brownfield sites helps all
our communities and ultimately the small business owner. In 1998 the
Kansas City Region was one of only 16 designated as a ``Showcase
Community'' by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This past
year the program was awarded the EPA Region 7's Phoenix Award, a
national honor recognizing excellence in Brownfield redevelopment work.
These honors translate to true results.
Results in my district include jump starting the Lewis and Clark
Redevelopment Area located in the historic West Bottoms known for years
in Kansas City's growth as the ``stock yards.'' This area was ravaged
by a devastating fire in 1998, leaving business and abandoned buildings
gutted. Normally, a rebuilding process would begin except when there is
a contamination complicating the process. In this instance, there were
mitigating factors associated with contamination (mainly asbestos) and
the federal Brownfields program was used to partner with the city and
economic development to eliminate the contamination. With the
involvement of the Brownfields program, a blighted eyesore on the
threshold of downtown Kansas City has been removed and rejuvenated to
restore and create jobs and economic development. A success story
through the partnership of Brownfields and Superfund.
In all parts of my district there are similar success stories whether
it is the Historic 18th and Vine Jazz Entertainment District, to the
Beacon Hill Neighborhood housing redevelopment, and the Blue River
Industrial Corridor. Brownfields afford the opportunity to build upon
the synergies of public and private partnerships, resulting in business
and job growth, improvement of quality of life, and reinvestment in
what would otherwise continue to be a depressed area.
Ultimately, this translates into a thriving small business community.
This is what the Superfund and Brownfields redevelopment programs were
intended to create--not additional and unwarranted litigation.
Madam Speaker, I support this legislation and urge its adoption,
along with further Superfund reform efforts.
Mr. DOYLE. Madam Speaker, I rise today in strong support of H.R.
1831, The Small Business Liability Protection Act. I was pleased to
join fellow members of the Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on the
Environment and Hazardous Materials in becoming an original cosponsor
of this bill and I am pleased to see it moving forward towards
implementation.
We all agree that small businesses are in great need of appropriate
relief from unintended consequences posed by Superfund's liability
structure. I realize that the parameters of what constitutes
appropriate relief was a contentious matter during debate on related
legislation considered in the previous session of Congress. I am
pleased that continued discussions on the matter have produced
consensus on how best to provide this relief such that we are now
poised to advance a legislative remedy that is fair, balanced, and is
supported by a diverse group of interested parties. Superfund reform
has been a pressing need not only in Pennsylvania, but also throughout
the country. Clearly, there is a need for more comprehensive Superfund
reform. While this bill is limited in its scope, it will provide a
much-needed clarification regarding small business liability that for
too long has been misconstrued by the courts to the detriment of many
small business owners.
It is my hope that the tone set by today's debate on H.R. 1831 will
carry the bill to swift enactment, as well as foster an atmosphere in
the House in which other significant achievements such as advancing
brownfields legislation can be achieved.
In closing, I want to express my appreciation to both Subcommittee
Chairman Gillmor and Ranking Member Pallone for exhibiting exemplary
leadership and bipartisanship on this most critical issue.
Mr. OTTER. Madam Speaker, I rise today to express my strong support
for H.R. 1831, the Small Business Liability Protection Act. As an
original co-sponsor of this bill, I believe it is vital that we pass
this legislation and help end the fear of so many small businessmen and
women that they will be held liable for unlimited toxic cleanup costs
that are not their fault. Under current law, any contribution of
hazardous material to a Superfund site makes any contributor wholly
liable for the costs of cleanup. H.R. 1831 is an important and
necessary improvement to Superfund, because it will exempt small
businesses and non-profits that only contributed to Superfund sites a
nominal amount of hazardous material. It will also exempt those who
only contributed regular household waste to these sites. This reform
will provide certainty and protection for small business that seek to
start new enterprises and will provide incentives for businesses to
take responsibility for mildly contaminated areas at the lowest
possible cleanup cost.
While I strongly support H.R. 1831, I believe that we need to move
quickly to pass even more substantive and comprehensive Superfund
reform. In my own district, the Bunker Hill Superfund site in Kellogg,
Idaho is a prime example of how hazardous waste cleanup can transform
into open-ended federal government control of a community and its
economy. I hope that the members who vote for H.R. 1831 will work with
me to make additional needed Superfund reforms. Final approval for
listing a Superfund site should be given to the governor of the state
concerned after local input. States should have the opportunity to draw
up their own cleanup plans before the federal government becomes
involved.
I wish to thank Chairman Young and Chairman Tauzin for bringing this
important legislation to the floor today. I urge my colleagues to
protect small business from government run amok and vote for H.R. 1831.
Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Madam Speaker, I rise in strong support for H.R.
1831, The Small Business Liability Protection Act.
Like most Members of Congress, I know small businessmen in my
district who have been caught up in Superfund litigation. It is
terrible to see the toll it takes on the lives of these individuals.
They don't know if they will lose their businesses, or even their
homes.
If there is one thing all of us should be able to agree on, it is
liability relief for small businesses that sent only 2 drums of waste
or only ordinary garbage to a Superfund site.
Congress never intended that these parties be subject to Superfund
liability.
To those of you who are concerned about ``Cherry-Picking'' Superfund
reforms--let me assure you I am very interested in addressing
additional Superfund legislation in this Congress.
We still need to address natural resource damages, liability relief
for innocent parties, finality for state cleanup programs and
Brownfields generally, and Superfund's joint and several liability
scheme.
I urge you to vote ``yes'' on H.R. 1831.
Mr. TOWNS. Madam Speaker, as the recent past ranking member of the
subcommittee
[[Page H2354]]
with jurisdiction over superfund, I am proud to be an original co-
sponsor of the small business liability protection act. This bill that
sits before us today includes a significant achievement that has eluded
us in the past, small business relief. I congratulate the bipartisan
coalition that has worked together to achieve this worthy end. Small
business which disposed of basically household trash or very small
quantities of waste materials containing hazardous substances should
not be a target of environmental cleanup efforts if they are not
responsible for the environmental damage. Instead we should continue to
pursue the polluter pays principle. The limits established by this
legislation strike the right balance between the protection of small
business and the continued protection of the environment. This will
ensure that small business does not get inappropriately caught in a web
of litigation.
We have worked long and hard to bring relief to small business
owners. I am pleased that we have come to a bipartisan conclusion. I
believe that bipartisan congratulations should be offered to the
leadership of the Energy and Commerce Committee as well as the
Environmental and Hazardous Materials Subcommittee.
Mr. DUNCAN. Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
Mr. GILLMOR. Madam Speaker, I yield back the balance of my time.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. Biggert). The question is on the motion
offered by the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Gillmor) that the House suspend
the rules and pass the bill, H.R. 1831.
The question was taken.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. In the opinion of the Chair, two-thirds of
those present have voted in the affirmative.
Mr. GILLMOR. Madam Speaker, on that I demand the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursuant to clause 8 of rule XX and the
Chair's prior announcement, further proceedings on this motion will be
postponed.
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