[Congressional Record Volume 147, Number 49 (Thursday, April 5, 2001)]
[Extensions of Remarks]
[Page E557]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
A TRIBUTE TO PREBEN MUNCH NIELSEN
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HON. TOM LANTOS
of california
in the house of representatives
Wednesday, April 4, 2001
Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, I invite my colleagues to join me today in
paying tribute to one of the great heroes of World War II-- Preben
Munch Nielsen, a Dane who has received little recognition for his
heroism. In many ways, he is a symbol of the gallantry and heroism of
the Danish people during the tragedy of that war.
Mr. Speaker, as the only survivor of the Holocaust ever elected to
the Congress, I want to pay special tribute to Mr. Munch Nielsen and
also to the courage and strong commitment to basic human decency of the
Danish people, who saved virtually the entire Jewish community of
Denmark from the horrifying fate that befell six million Jews in the
rest of Nazi-occupied Europe. The Danish people took spontaneous
action--at great risk to their own lives--to save the lives of
Denmark's Jews. That selfless action established that a people deeply
committed to basic human decency can prevail against an overwhelmingly
powerful evil force.
In many regards, Preben Munch Nielsen's participation in the saving
of Danish Jews is typical of what other Danish citizens did during the
horriffic period of the Nazi occupation of Denmark. Munch Nielsen was
born on June 13, 1926, and was raised in Snekkersten, Denmark, a small
fishing village some 25 miles north of Copenhagen. Every day he
commuted to Copenhagen, where he attended school with a few Jewish
students. Munch Nielsen, however, did not think of them as Jews. As he
explained, the Jews in Denmark ``were considered neighbors, friends,
schoolmates and nothing else.''
The Nazi-invasion of Denmark on April 9, 1940, initially brought
little change to the lives of Danish Jews. The Danish government and
the Danish laws remained in effect ensuring, among other things, that
no Jew in Denmark ever had to wear the yellow star. Munch Nielsen
joined the resistance movement, helping with the distribution of
illegal papers.
On August 29, 1943, the Danish Government resigned under strong
pressure from the active Danish anti-Nazi resistance. The Nazi's took
over the government and declared Martial Law that very same day. Under
the military government, the night of October 1, 1943, was set as the
date on which all Jews and communists were to be deported and
transferred to concentration camps. On September 28, G.F. Duckwitz, a
German diplomat with contacts among the Danish Social Democrats,
learned about the deportations that were planned for two days later. He
informed the leading Danish Social Democrat, Hans Hedtoft, who quickly
passed on the warning to the Jewish community.
Mr. Speaker, the actions of Preben Munch Nielsen were typical of the
response of Danes to this effort to exterminate the Jews of Denmark. As
Mr. Munch Nielsen said, participating in this effort to save the Jews
was ``the only way to retain self-respect.'' He helped guide Jews to
hiding places while they were waiting to be taken by boat from harbors
and beaches along the Danish coast. He also helped transport Jews on
the ``illegal'' boats and fishing vessels which crossed the straights
to the freedom and safety of Sweden, and he aided the fishermen by
calming frightened passengers during the crossing.
The results of this heroic effort, Mr. Speaker, were remarkable. Of
Denmark's 8,000 Jews, only 475 were caught and deported to the
Theresienstadt concentration camp. What began as a spontaneous reaction
to human injustice turned into a well-organized underground movement.
Upon their return to Denmark, the Jews found their homes and assets in
excellent condition. Neighbors and friends cared for their assets and
sublet their properties.
As a participant in this remarkable rescue, Preben Munch Nielsen
personally was involved in helping to transport nearly 1,400 refugees
to Sweden. On a courier mission to Sweden in November 1943 Munch
Nielsen was urged by friends of the resistance movement to remain in
Sweden because returning to Denmark was too dangerous. In Sweden, he
joined the Danish voluntary forces in Sweden (``Den Danske Brigade'')
and only returned to Denmark in May 1945, when Denmark was liberated
from Nazi occupation forces.
After returning to Denmark, Munch Nielsen began working in the
import-export business. Only at the age of 59 did he consider a role as
a public speaker and educator. After sharing his story with some Jewish
travelers to Denmark, he was encouraged by friends to continue to share
his personal experience and educate people about the rescue of the
Danish Jews in 1943. Now a successful businessman, the head of his own
company and the father of three sons, Munch Nielsen tours the world
with his wife Sonja, sharing the magnificent story of the rescue of the
Danish Jews.
Mr. Speaker, I have the greatest admiration for Preben Munch Nielsen
for his courageous participation in helping to save his fellow
countrymen at the risk of his own life. I join Munch Nielsen when he
says: ``That your fellow citizens should be doomed because their human
value was considered nothing because of their race is an impossible
thought.''
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