[Congressional Record Volume 147, Number 37 (Tuesday, March 20, 2001)]
[House]
[Pages H995-H1003]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                             AIDS PANDEMIC

  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the Speaker's announced policy of 
January 3, 2001, the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee) is 
recognized for 60 minutes as the designee of the minority leader.


                             General Leave

  Ms. LEE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may 
have 5 legislative days within which to revise and extend their remarks 
and include extraneous material on the subject of my Special Order.
  The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the 
gentlewoman from California?
  There was no objection.
  Ms. LEE. Mr. Speaker, tonight I would like to begin by thanking 
Minority Leader Gephardt for allowing tonight's Special Orders to be 
held to increase the awareness of the AIDS pandemic which is reeking 
havoc on Africa, the Caribbean, and many other developing nations 
throughout the world. Africa, however, is the epicenter of this human 
tragedy.
  I rise tonight to express my strong opposition to the lawsuit filed 
against the South African government by 39 pharmaceutical companies. In 
1997, the South African government passed the Medicines Act which would 
allow the manufacturing and the importation of generic life-saving AIDS 
medicines. Through this lawsuit, however, the pharmaceuticals would all 
but halt those opportunities; and this is just downright wrong.
  While this suit has been postponed at the request of the 
pharmaceutical companies, it is slated to be heard by the South African 
Justice Department in the near future. Should this lawsuit proceed, 
there is a dangerous potential for life-saving AIDS medicines to be 
pushed further out of reach for AIDS patients and communities 
throughout the world and for those who need them the most.
  While some pharmaceutical companies have taken steps to lower the 
costs of these medications, and I applaud their initiatives, life-
saving medications still remain far out of reach for millions of people 
living with AIDS. Ninety percent of the world's 36 million people with 
HIV face a death sentence, a death sentence because they cannot afford 
medication because they are poor and because they live in the 
developing world.
  For example, in countries like Zimbabwe and Swaziland, the average 
life expectancy was 65 to 70 years of age. As a direct impact of AIDS, 
those rates have decreased to 30 to 35 years of age. This is 
staggering. In Zimbabwe, it is estimated that one-quarter of all 
Zimbabweans are infected with HIV. In Botswana, there is a 50 percent 
chance that teenage girls and boys will contract HIV if a sustained 
strategy to prevent new HIV infections is not instituted.
  In wealthy countries, including the United States, people living with 
AIDS is treatable. In all of Africa, where more than 70 percent of HIV 
cases are concentrated and where more than 70 percent of AIDS deaths 
have already occurred, HIV-infected people face painful, painful death, 
with no hope of treatment because the essential AIDS medications are 
just too expensive. They want the drugs but cannot afford the prices 
set by drug companies.
  We must not tolerate the current policy which dictates that life with 
a manageable illness is possible if one is wealthy or if one has money; 
however, death from AIDS is certain if one is poor.
  The African AIDS crisis has spurred a tremendous public outcry for 
relief, and AIDS patients are demanding the right to live and demanding 
the basic human right to affordable treatment.
  The South Africa Medicines Act provides the crucial legal clearance 
required for South Africa to obtain affordable life-extending generic 
HIV drugs. But the drug companies claim that the South African 
Medicines Act is criminal and unfairly robs them of their rights to 
unfettered patent monopoly. But I say that this lawsuit is criminal.
  Everyone from international patent experts to the World Health 
Organization agrees that the South African Medicine Act is perfectly 
legally sound. While drug companies paralyze the Medicines Act in 
court, South Africans face preventable deaths.
  According to UNAIDS, every day, 6,000, 6,000 more South Africans die 
from AIDS. The continent of Africa accounts for only 1.3 percent of the 
global pharmaceutical market in part because the average person lives 
on less than $300 per year. That is $300 per year, while the average 
AIDS treatment may cost as much as $15,000 per year.
  The multinational pharmaceutical industry is not concerned with 
African profits. But the drug industry fears the growing awareness on 
the part of American taxpayers that pills cost pennies to manufacture. 
The drug industry also fears that the growing awareness that a large 
percentage of research and development costs are born by United States 
taxpayers, and the taxpayer-funded inventions are often licensed for a 
pittance to the world's most profitable industry.
  The drug industry fears that this growing awareness will reduce the 
willingness of United States consumers and public programs to continue 
to pay the extraordinarily high prices in our own country.
  While I call on the United States Congress to stand with the South 
African government and with people living with AIDS fighting this 
lawsuit, we must also redouble our efforts in ending this devastating 
crisis in South Africa, in the Caribbean, everywhere where drug company 
profiteering keeps essential drugs out of reach of the poor.
  We must oppose the lawsuit in South Africa, instead offer concrete 
support to countries committed to curtailing the AIDS crisis through 
access to affordable treatment.

[[Page H996]]

                              {time}  1930

  We need life-saving action, not litigation, not lawsuits.
  HIV-infected persons have a basic right to vital medicines for 
prevention and treatment of AIDS and must have access to drugs for 
treatment of opportunistic infections. These are infections related to 
HIV and AIDS such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, shingles and to anti-
retroviral agents.
  In this debate, it is extremely important to recognize that access to 
HIV and AIDS medications is only one part of the solution to our 
devastating human tragedy in Africa and throughout the word. The United 
Nations' program on HIV and AIDS estimates that it will cost $3 billion 
to address HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa alone. That is $3 
billion in 1 year only.
  We need a comprehensive effort to address HIV and AIDS throughout the 
developing world. While we provide some support for HIV-AIDS education 
and prevention initiatives, we must increase development and 
infrastructure building, particularly as it relates to health care 
delivery systems and long-term health management strategies.
  A severe lack of basic health and economic infrastructure does impede 
our ability to combat the HIV and AIDS crisis in Africa, the Caribbean 
and throughout the world. Building the bridge between public and 
private sectors and bringing foreign investors to the table is also 
central to our strategy in eradicating this disease. These are the 
crucial elements that are called for in the AIDS Marshall Plan.
  Mr. Speaker, I would like to thank my predecessor, Congressman Ron 
Dellums, for his clarity on this issue and his vision in determining a 
comprehensive response, and for beating the drug in every village, in 
every community and on every continent.
  This bridge must be built swiftly, otherwise our efforts will be for 
naught. The AIDS Marshall Plan and the World Bank AIDS trust fund 
provide a road map that leads to that bridge.
  Finally, heavily affected HIV and AIDS countries must receive 
complete multilateral and bilateral debt cancellation this year so they 
can respond to this crisis effectively. AIDS is decimating the 
continent of Africa and leaving behind millions of orphans in its wake. 
By 2010, there will be more AIDS orphans in Africa than there are 
children in America's public schools. This is truly mind boggling.
  We cannot sacrifice this generation of children on the altar of 
indifference. The AIDS epidemic has cut life expectancy by 25 years in 
some countries. It is a crisis of biblical proportions in Africa and 
puts the very survival of the continent at stake.
  This is not only a humanitarian crisis, it is a looming economic, 
political and social catastrophe. It is a national security threat. We 
must continue to raise awareness about the global crisis and this 
deadly disease and escalate our efforts to find solutions. HIV-AIDS is 
not a Democratic or Republican issue. It is a disease that threatens 
the entire human family.
  Mr. Speaker, this Congress must continue its bipartisan efforts as we 
began last year under the strong leadership of the gentleman from Iowa 
(Mr. Leach) and my colleagues in the Black Caucus and the Congressional 
Progressive Caucus.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentlewoman from the Virgin Islands (Mrs. 
Christensen), who chairs the Congressional Black Caucus' Health Brain 
Trust. She is a physician from the Virgin Islands, a region of our 
world where the epidemic is second in its hardest hit numbers in terms 
of infection rates.
  Mrs. CHRISTENSEN. Mr. Speaker, this issue of the HIV and AIDS 
pandemic is one that needs to be on the forefront of our agenda every 
day. I want to use this time to publicly applaud my colleague, the 
gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee), for reserving this hour to focus 
on this issue on the floor of the House, and for her hard work and all 
of the leadership she has given to the issue of international AIDS.
  This Special Order is timely. On the one hand it is timely because of 
the unfortunate and misguided South Africa case, and on the other hand 
because of the recent commendable responses by several pharmaceutical 
companies to the pandemic and the need to make treatment accessible.
  Because it does not get much focus, Mr. Speaker, let me use this 
opportunity to interject some information about my region, the 
Caribbean. Although many of my colleagues do not recognize it, one of 
the regions hardest hit by the epidemic is the Caribbean where the HIV 
infection rates are among the highest in the world, with an adult 
prevalence rate of 2.3 percent, second only to that of sub-Saharan 
Africa.
  Official estimates show that as of December 2000, there were reported 
390,000 persons living with HIV or AIDS in the Caribbean. However, 
because there are reporting barriers, the real number is estimated to 
be closer to 600,000. In the English-speaking Caribbean, AIDS is the 
leading cause of death among men between the ages of 15 and 44; 35 
percent of HIV-positive adults are women. A child is either born HIV 
positive or is infected through breast milk every day in the English-
speaking Caribbean.
  In my own district in the U.S. Virgin Islands, there is a cumulative 
total of 380 persons living with AIDS reported since we began tracking 
HIV and AIDS. That seemingly small number becomes much larger when you 
put it against our small population of 110,000 people, bringing the 
Virgin Islands into the top 10 of U.S. States and territories in terms 
of incidence of AIDS.
  Our neighbor, Puerto Rico, ranks among the top five in incidence of 
AIDS among U.S. States and territories. Major challenges exist in the 
fight against HIV and AIDS in the Caribbean, not unlike those in Africa 
and our communities of color here at home.
  Yesterday I was visited by representatives of the Global Network of 
People living with AIDS, which is a network by and for people with HIV-
AIDS in Africa, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Europe, North America and 
the Caribbean. With them were representatives of the Caribbean Regional 
Network of people living with AIDS.
  I am always impressed by the commitment, despite severe odds, and the 
tireless work of these organizations, as well as others, and all of the 
work that they are doing to stem the tide of this terrible pandemic 
around the world. I applaud them, and with them I also applaud the many 
community, faith-based, and advocacy organizations that are on the 
front lines of the pandemic here in the United States where the 
epidemic in African American communities bears many resemblances to the 
global one.
  It is on all of these shores that the battle must be fought; and the 
CBC will continue to be an integral part of it, because whether here or 
elsewhere, the persons affected are disproportionately people of 
African descent. And while prevention must be the bulwark of our 
efforts, we must do all that is possible to make treatment available to 
those infected regardless of where they live, how they live, and their 
or their government's ability to pay.
  That is why we are here this evening, to call attention, one, to the 
need to continue the process begun last year with the passage of the 
Marshall Plan for Africa, and the creation of the trust fund. Now we 
must fully fund our share and encourage our international partners, 
both public and private, to contribute to create a trust fund that will 
be large enough to make a difference.
  The provision of effective drugs must be a part of the equation. We 
hear too many reasons why folks say drugs do not have to be made 
readily available to the countries that are being devastated in sub-
Saharan Africa. They tell us, well, the infrastructure is not in place. 
Some say there is no way to ensure that the drugs will reach those in 
need. Others complain that the magnitude of the epidemic is such that 
we will never be able to provide medicine in the volume needed. I 
cannot say strongly enough that these excuses are completely 
unacceptable and unsupportable, as is the lawsuit referred to by my 
colleague, the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee).
  Our humanity demands we respond on all levels to reduce any barrier 
to life that this epidemic creates. In doing so we will also be able to 
address the other obstacles, treating other diseases, such as malaria, 
sleeping sickness, and the others that also take a mighty toll. Mr. 
Speaker, we must care about human lives lost. We must care about the 
effect of those losses on the ability of these countries to grow, to 
stabilize and to take their place on the

[[Page H997]]

world's stage. If nothing else, we must care about the orphaned 
children to whom parental love and nurturing have been lost forever.
  But more than care, we must do something about it. So I also applaud 
the companies that have stepped up the efforts to make life-saving 
drugs available, especially those who have recognized the need to allow 
some drugs to be provided in their generic form, as Bristol Myers 
Squibb has done in the one instance. This is the kind of example, Mr. 
Speaker, that we hope others will understand, accept the need for, and 
follow.
  As one of the companies' spokespersons has been quoted as saying last 
week, this is not about profits. It should not be about profits. It is 
about poverty and devastating disease. The nature of this pandemic 
demands that business as usual and even profits be put aside and that 
every sector respond fully. If we can rise to the occasion demanded by 
this pandemic everywhere, including in our own communities of color 
here at home, not only will we bring this pandemic under control, we 
will significantly improve the health of people and communities beyond 
this one disease and far into the future.
  Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for yielding to me, and I yield 
back to her.
  Ms. LEE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for her statement and 
also for her major contributions in bringing her medical expertise and 
her commitment to the body politic here in the United States Congress.
  Now, I would like to yield to the gentlewoman from Illinois (Ms. 
Schakowsky), a real leader on consumer issues, on banking issues, and 
on women's health issues. She has been very focused in terms of her 
commitment to access to medicines and to treatment for those living 
with HIV and AIDS.
  Ms. SCHAKOWSKY. Mr. Speaker, I am proud to join today with the 
gentlewoman from California and other distinguished Members who are 
concerned about the scourge of AIDS and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and 
around the globe.
  I am glad we decided to work on this issue from the outset of the 
107th Congress. Much discussion but, even more, action needs to occur 
in the next 2 years if we are serious about combatting the spread of 
HIV-AIDS and if we want to aggressively work to provide relief to those 
who are already suffering from this terrible disease.
  Those of us here tonight are familiar with the staggering statistics. 
However, I believe that at least some of them need to be repeated time 
and again until necessary results are achieved. Since the HIV-AIDS 
pandemic began, it has claimed 21.8 million lives. Over 17 million men, 
women and children have died due to AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa alone. 
Over 36 million people are infected with the HIV virus today. Over 25 
million of them live in sub-Saharan Africa. By 2010, approximately 40 
million children worldwide will have lost one or both of their parents 
to HIV-AIDS.
  If there is anyone who thinks it does not affect them, let me just 
point out that one of the side effects of HIV-AIDS has been the 
development of drug-resistant TB, tuberculosis. One does not have to 
engage in IV drug use or unprotected sex to get drug-resistant TB. Just 
sit next to someone on an airplane who coughs on you, and then you have 
it. So all of us are at risk.
  I find it unspeakably offensive that 39 pharmaceutical companies 
filed suit against South Africa in order to prevent that country from 
implementing aggressive strategies to make life-saving drugs available 
and affordable.

                              {time}  1945

  I would say that that lawsuit needs to be immediately dropped. As the 
world's leader, the United States must set the moral example for other 
nations to follow.
  We have to think about this. We are facing a worldwide pandemic that 
has the potential of eclipsing all plagues of the past, all wars, can 
destabilize nations and continents and the world, and has been declared 
a security risk by the United Nations Security Council. The very idea 
that profits and patents and intellectual property rights would be 
placed up here while the health of the people of this planet is placed 
down here is unimaginable. This is a time in history that requires the 
people of the world to sit down at a table and together to develop the 
strategies that will end this threat.
  I welcome the news that the Bush administration will honor the 
policies implemented by the Clinton administration on the subject of 
the access to drugs in developing countries, or at least in sub-Saharan 
Africa. However, I believe that there is more that can and must be 
done. President Bush should use existing authority to give the World 
Health Organization the right to use HIV/AIDS patents where the United 
States Government has rights to those inventions.
  Great progress has been made in developing products to treat HIV and 
AIDS, and many of those products were developed with taxpayer funding. 
These publicly financed products should be accessible and affordable to 
consumers both in the United States and in other countries. Along with 
the gentleman from Illinois (Mr. Jackson), the gentlewoman from 
California (Ms. Waters) and the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee), 
I wrote to President Clinton on this subject last year and intend to 
raise this issue again with President Bush.
  A recent Washington Post editorial stated, ``The administration 
should lead an international effort to clarify poor countries' right to 
fight emergencies with generic drugs, and it should declare its 
sympathy for the South African government in the pending case.'' The 
editorial went on to say that Robert Zoellick, the U.S. Trade 
Representative, should come out publicly and declare this 
administration's support for the Clinton administration's executive 
order on pharmaceuticals for sub-Saharan Africa.
  The Congress and the administration need to work together to form a 
budget that includes increased HIV/AIDS funding for numerous programs. 
We also have a number of legislative initiatives that deserve action.
  We need full funding for the World Bank AIDS Trust Fund legislation 
sponsored by the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee) and the 
gentleman from Iowa (Mr. Leach). With this bill, which is a public-
private partnership dedicated to fighting HIV/AIDS and developing 
vaccines, we have the ability to leverage more than $1 billion in U.S. 
contributions. This bill was authorized for 2 years and funded for this 
year, and we need to make sure it is included in our appropriations 
priorities this year.
  I want to thank the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Waters) for her 
work and for reintroducing the HIV/AIDS Medicines for Poor Countries 
Act, of which I am an original cosponsor, and which would make it 
illegal for the United States Government to use the TRIPS agreement, 
the World Trade Organization agreement, to challenge another country's 
efforts to make HIV/AIDS drugs available at lower prices. The bill 
would also prohibit any agency of the U.S. Government from using 
Federal funds to seek to revoke any law or policy of a developing 
country that promotes access to HIV/AIDS medicines. Finally, the bill 
would require the U.S. to urge the World Trade Organization to exempt 
developing countries from the application of provisions of the TRIPS 
agreement that restrict their ability to make HIV/AIDS medicines 
available to their populations at affordable prices.
  The Congress, President Bush and his Trade Representative have a 
responsibility to South Africa and to the rest of the world. It should 
be the policy of this administration and this Congress to denounce 
efforts that limit access to lifesaving drugs and to attack the AIDS 
crisis to the fullest extent. Anything less would be unconscionable.
  Ms. LEE. I thank the gentlewoman from Illinois for a very clear, very 
passionate statement and for her consistent work on behalf of all 
humanity.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Waters), 
a sponsor of the Affordable HIV/AIDS Medicines for Poor Countries Act. 
I also want to make sure that we recognize her tonight for actually 
leading the Congressional Black Caucus' effort in our initiatives on 
the whole HIV/AIDS pandemic on a global basis, a strong supporter of 
the AIDS Marshall Plan, and a leader in our debt relief efforts.
  Ms. WATERS. Mr. Speaker, I would like to thank the gentlewoman from

[[Page H998]]

California (Ms. Lee) for organizing this effort tonight to address this 
critical issue of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic. I would like to also 
thank all of my colleagues who have extended their day to be here this 
evening to help draw additional attention to this issue.
  The HIV/AIDS pandemic is having a severe impact on many developing 
countries, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately 17 
million Africans have died of AIDS, including 2.4 million who lost 
their lives in the year 2000 and an estimated 25 million people in sub-
Saharan Africa are living with HIV. In South Africa alone, over 4 
million people are living with HIV. That is almost 10 percent of the 
country's population.
  In 1997, the South African government passed a law to make HIV/AIDS 
drugs more affordable and available for its people. This law allows the 
importation of commercial drugs from sources other than the 
manufacturers, a practice called parallel importing, and authorizes the 
South African government to license local companies to manufacture 
generic drugs, a practice called compulsory licensing.
  International pharmaceutical companies opposed this law, and no less 
than 39 pharmaceutical companies sued the South African government to 
block its implementation. Hearings on this lawsuit are scheduled to 
resume in April. Two of the largest companies participating in the 
lawsuit, Merck and Bristol-Myers Squibb, have recently cut the prices 
they charge African countries for their AIDS drugs, but their prices 
remain well beyond the reach of the people of South Africa.

  I urge all 39 pharmaceutical companies to drop this case before the 
trial resumes next month. It is absolutely unconscionable that some of 
the world's wealthiest corporations are trying to prevent an African 
country from manufacturing or purchasing lifesaving medicines. These 
are the very same corporations that have steadfastly refused to make 
HIV/AIDS medicines available to impoverished people in sub-Saharan 
Africa at reasonable prices. It is time to let African countries take 
care of their people.
  The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property 
Rights, known as TRIPS, is one of the international agreements enforced 
by the World Trade Organization, commonly referred to as WTO. The TRIPS 
agreement allows pharmaceutical companies to use their patents to 
prevent poor countries from producing and distributing affordable HIV/
AIDS medicines. As a result of the TRIPS agreement and pressure from 
the pharmaceutical companies, many people in developing countries have 
been denied lifesaving HIV/AIDS medicines because they simply cannot 
afford to pay the prices these companies demand.
  On March 7, 2001, I introduced H.R. 933, the Affordable HIV/AIDS 
Medicines for Poor Countries Act. This bill would allow developing 
countries faced with an HIV/AIDS crisis to enact legislation to expand 
the availability and affordability of HIV/AIDS medicines without 
worrying about whether the U.S. Government, the WTO or the 
multinational pharmaceutical companies will challenge their laws. This 
bill has over 35 cosponsors; and, of course, I urge all of my 
colleagues to join me and support H.R. 933.
  It would be indefensible for the WTO, which is dominated by the 
world's richest multinational companies, to deny poor people in the 
world's poorest countries simple life-prolonging medicines. It would 
also be indefensible for the United States to support pharmaceutical 
companies' efforts to prevent poor countries from making AIDS medicines 
available to their people.
  Mr. Speaker, I would like to close by saying, many of us spent a 
considerable amount of our time working to dismantle apartheid in South 
Africa. Many of us were involved at the State level in tremendous 
divestment of our pension funds from companies that were doing business 
in South Africa. Some of my colleagues who were here in Congress, I 
think, led by Congressman Ron Dellums, produced the sanctions bill on 
South Africa and basically helped to draw attention to what was going 
on there around the world. We were leaders and we helped to galvanize 
the world community on the atrocities of South Africa.
  Mr. Speaker, we did not do that work to simply stand by and watch all 
of these people who suffered for so many years, who fought and died for 
the right just to live in their country, who fought and died for the 
right to vote, who fought and died to release political prisoners from 
prison, we did not do all of that work, joining with this world effort, 
to stand by and watch 39 pharmaceutical companies try and enforce their 
intellectual property right and then, after they are confronted by the 
world activist community, say, ``Okay, we're going to reduce the price 
of drugs, but the court case remains open.''
  Mr. Speaker, we will once again join hands around the world, and just 
as we fought and we won on the issue of apartheid in South Africa, just 
as we fought for the release of Nelson Mandela and all of the political 
prisoners, just as we fought for the right for the ANC to determine the 
direction of the people of South Africa, we will fight to make sure 
that people in South Africa and other parts of sub-Saharan Africa and 
people in other developing nations are not denied the right to simply 
live because pharmaceutical companies, protecting their intellectual 
property rights, their patent rights, will not allow them to have 
access to the medicines they need to live.
  I would like to send a signal and a warning to the pharmaceuticals: 
You cannot get away with tokenism, knowing it is not enough to reduce 
the price of drugs when still the price that you have reduced it to is 
not low enough. They still cannot afford it. We want you to get out of 
the way.
  We have seen what can be done in India. We have seen what can be done 
in Brazil. We are watching them as they deal with HIV/AIDS, as they put 
together wonderful programs to provide their people with the medicine 
that they need, reducing the caseloads, helping to prevent HIV and 
AIDS. We see what can be done if people have access to the basic 
medicines that they need.
  So we will engage one more time in the same kind of battle that we 
engaged in to get rid of apartheid on this issue. We do not care how 
powerful the pharmaceuticals are. We do not care how many campaign 
contributions have been made. We do not care what claims they have with 
the WTO. We will fight, and we will win. We will win because this is an 
issue of life and death and morality. This is an issue where the people 
will not be denied.
  So, Mr. Speaker, I close this evening by saying once again, I thank 
the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee) and all my colleagues who 
have decided that they are going to take time in their legislative 
priorities and put this at the top of their priorities. They are doing 
this, we are doing this, because we believe in the right for human 
beings to live when we know we have the medicines and the assistance 
and the resources to help them live rather than die. It is a fight and 
a struggle we do not wish to be engaged in if we did not have to be. 
But I think, based on what we have seen, we have been left with no 
choice; and we will engage in that struggle.

                              {time}  2000

  Ms. LEE. I would like to thank the gentlewoman for that very eloquent 
statement, and also for putting this in a historical context for us and 
reminding us that we have waged war before on a very ruthless system, 
and we won, and it is important that we do keep hope alive, because we 
will win this battle also.
  Mr. Speaker, let me now yield to the gentleman from Chicago, Illinois 
(Mr. Davis), an individual whose life has been committed to social, 
economic and political justice. He is an individual who constantly 
speaks the truth on behalf of a variety of issues here in Congress.
  Mr. DAVIS of Illinois. I thank the gentlewoman very much. I want to 
thank the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee) not only for yielding 
but certainly for organizing this special order and for the tremendous 
work she has done on behalf of all people who are seeking truth and 
justice, not only in South Africa but throughout the world.
  Mr. Speaker, I rise to join in this discussion with my colleagues, a 
discussion concerning an epidemic that is negatively impacting the 
lives of millions of people throughout the world.
  Across the Atlantic, millions of Africans are battling with an 
epidemic that

[[Page H999]]

has ravaged the human capital infrastructure, leaving homes and 
communities barren. The dreams and hopes of millions of people have 
been deferred as men, women and children engage in a losing battle with 
the silent but powerful enemy that is sweeping and dismantling Africa 
at an alarming rate.
  It is without question that the HIV-AIDS crisis has rocked Africa. 
And, yes, I cringe when I hear that 36 million people are infected with 
the HIV virus today, while 25 million people live in Sub-Saharan Africa 
alone.
  This deleterious enemy has no compassion and strikes without 
prejudice. HIV-AIDS will have a devastating impact on the fruit of 
Africa's future, the children. It is estimated that by the year 2010, 
35 million children will be infected with HIV-AIDS. Moreover, in the 
same year approximately 40 million children will have lost one or both 
of their parents to HIV-AIDS.
  I hasten to mention several socioeconomic problems linked to the 
spread of HIV-AIDS. Millions of children will be left orphaned; 
industry will suffer due to the decline of a healthy workforce; we will 
see the sharp decrease of young adult and middle age populations, which 
will reduce consumption and halt local economies; we will see the 
fiscal ruin of poor countries attempting to bear the exorbitant health 
service delivery costs. Furthermore, communities and homes will be left 
divided due to the destruction and devastation caused by HIV-AIDS.
  In North America and in other countries of wealth, HIV-AIDS is being 
somewhat controlled. Through collaboration, the road for a brighter 
tomorrow is chartered. Because we place a priority in stopping this 
disease in more wealthy countries, citizens have benefitted directly 
from innovative research and best practices. They have better access to 
affordable medication, and their quality of life has been greatly 
enhanced.
  Yet this is not the case for Africa. In all of Africa, where more 
than 80 percent of HIV cases are concentrated and where more than 70 
percent of AIDS deaths have already occurred, HIV-infected people face 
painful death with no hope of treatment because critical AIDS 
medications are too expensive.
  We must unite and work on a solution that provides affordable 
treatment and needed drugs to treat every African man, woman and child.
  The huge discrepancy in the delivery of health services in rich and 
poor countries begs the question, are we truly serious about assisting 
our brothers and sisters in Africa? If we are serious about finding 
solutions to this epidemic, then I charge us to commit ourselves to 
fighting for the humanity of our African brothers and sisters, at 
whatever the cost. We must provide life-saving drugs at reasonable 
cost. We must support funding for innovative research in finding a 
cure. We must support the regulation of affordable drugs for all 
Africans infected by this deadly disease. We must support the 
development of a comprehensive HIV-AIDS policy for Africa.
  As a civil society, we ourselves must unite to confront this dilemma 
head on, to defeat this plague which has us anxious and on the run. It 
is time for us to stop running and begin to act. That time is now.
  I want to thank the gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee) again for 
not only yielding but for providing this opportunity to discuss such an 
important issue.
  Ms. LEE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentleman from Illinois for his 
very powerful statement, and also for providing a road map in terms of 
what we need to do.
  Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentlewoman from North Carolina (Mrs. 
Clayton), who has been a leader and is a leader on a variety of issues 
here in this Congress and at home in North Carolina. Specifically, she 
is working very diligently on the HIV-AIDS crisis in rural communities, 
and she always reminds us that rural communities have the same types of 
diseases and same types of disparities that urban communities have to 
deal with, and oftentimes in greater numbers.
  (Mrs. CLAYTON asked and was given permission to revise and extend her 
remarks.)
  Mrs. CLAYTON. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the gentlewoman from 
California (Ms. Lee), who not only has organized this special order to 
allow us to express our concern and passion and outrage that we are 
putting profit over saving lives, but for her tireless and continuous 
leadership in this area. I am looking forward to the gentlewoman 
showing us how to make sure we do things in rural America as well.
  The gentlewoman has asked us to concentrate on the whole issue of the 
AIDS epidemic in Africa. The AIDS epidemic has devastated many 
countries in Africa, leaving few men, women and children untouched. 
Sub-Saharan Africa has been far more severely affected by AIDS than any 
other part of the world. In 16 countries, all, all in Sub-Saharan 
Africa, more than one in 10 adults is affected by the HIV virus. That 
is one out of 10.
  According to a joint report issued by the Joint United Nations Report 
on HIV and AIDS, one-half, in fact maybe more than one-half, of all 
children, 15-year-olds, will either die from AIDS or be affected by it. 
We cannot accept that as normal.
  I want to quote from a recent article in the paper that says this:

       The question of how to provide affordable AIDS medicine to 
     impoverished people is plaguing governments throughout sub-
     Saharan Africa, where 25.3 million of 36.1 million people 
     with HIV live, according to United Nations estimates. In 
     neighboring Botswana, where 36 percent of adults are infected 
     with the HIV virus, which causes AIDS, the government 
     announced today it hoped to provide antiretroviral medication 
     by the year's end to all who need it.

  However, Botswana does not know how they will afford it.

       Botswana has the highest rate of HIV infection in the 
     world, but the country's entire population of 1.6 million is 
     less than the number of HIV patients here.

  Their entire population. We need to understand that this is not 
insignificant. This is a very, very serious problem.
  Secretary Colin Powell has indicated that AIDS is a national security 
problem and an economic problem. I hope this remains a concern of the 
administration. But, more than that, I hope this translates into real, 
meaningful policy action that will make a difference in treating those 
in Africa.
  Given the loss of lives that AIDS has caused, the devastation of 
entire communities and the long-term impact of economic growth, we must 
step up our effort to fight this devastating disease. With children 
dying at the age of 15 and with a life expectancy of no more than 45 
years for a child born in many of these countries, what should be done 
should never be a question of other than to save lives. The moral right 
to save lives outweighs any profit consideration. Saving lives is far 
more important than protecting the profit rights of the individual 
companies. We need to accelerate the efforts to increase AIDS awareness 
in all of these countries as well, particularly in Africa and 
particularly in rural Africa as well.
  In a recent Washington Post story, it was said that information came 
to a local community some 20 years after the epidemic started, and that 
information could have saved hundreds and thousands of lives. To 
demonstrate how slowly information moved, that same article said that 
it took 3 years for critical information to move from a devastated 
health center just 3 miles down a paved road. By then, 30 percent of 
the entire town's population was suffering from HIV, and they need not 
have had that happen. We have to work to ensure that stories like this 
are no longer the norm.
  Everyone, including governments in Africa, the United States and 
other governments around the world, must assist in this effort. More 
support should be given to volunteer counseling, testing and treatment. 
These programs enable African men and women, not only in terms of 
prevention but also to learn of their HIV status.
  In the United States, people have lived much longer and in improved 
health with HIV because we indeed have had drug treatment that has 
increased the quality of life. These drug treatments, however, are too 
costly and not accessible for most people living in Africa. Until we 
find a cure, this treatment must be made not only for those of us who 
live in a developed country but those who live in Africa as well.
  Treatment can prolong life, it can add to the quality of life, and, 
significantly, it can improve the family's opportunity to participate 
in that. In fact, AIDS-related mortality in this country has fallen by 
75 percent because, in the last 3 years, because we

[[Page H1000]]

have had added to the treatment, so the mortality of AIDS has 
decreased.
  But that is not the case in Africa. In just a 3-year period there are 
news articles indicating it is growing faster. In fact, children are 
being orphaned at an increased rate. Many of these orphan children will 
end up dying because they, too, are infected by AIDS, of which their 
parents have died. This is unacceptable to society in the 21st century. 
It is unacceptable morally. We cannot accept this as being a civil 
society.
  There is a treatment called HAART which is highly effective. This 
therapy has indeed been found by a Congressional Research Service 
Report to save victims of AIDS. We should indeed make that available.
  The President and Congress must keep this issue on the top of the 
agenda and find assistance, but, most importantly, the pharmaceutical 
companies must be urged to provide needed drugs to Africa at a 
substantially reduced rate. We indeed celebrate and applaud those who 
have reduced rates. But that is not enough. Drug companies, 
particularly pharmaceutical companies with these treatments, are 
compelled to act morally now, not later. Indeed, it is not the moral 
thing to enter into a lawsuit to protect your property rights while 
individuals are dying. Indeed, we call on these companies indeed to 
drop that lawsuit.
  The responsibility for treating and hopefully ending the AIDS 
epidemic is on the shoulders of us all. It is also on the shoulders of 
the people in Africa, and we ask that they recognize, all of the 
governments, that they indeed have a problem.
  Again, Mr. Speaker, I am delighted that the gentlewoman has allowed 
us to speak on this issue.
  Let me just say that Africa is indeed suffering from the scourge of 
this, but I would be remiss in not saying that where the rest of the 
Nation indeed is getting hold of this problem and indeed moving in the 
right direction, that five States, including my State, North Carolina, 
as well as South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi and Alabama, are indeed 
going in the wrong direction.

                              {time}  2015

  These are 5 States that are exceeding the States in other areas. 
Indeed, poor areas in North Carolina are increasing in the incidence of 
tuberculosis, as well as AIDS. So I want to work in my State on these 
emergencies, and I want to urge our citizens and our pharmaceutical 
companies to respond to the well-documented urgency of millions of 
people who are dying daily from the scourge of this disease in Africa.
  Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for allowing me to participate.

                 HIV AND AIDS STATISTICS, NOVEMBER 2000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               GLOBAL \1\
People newly infected with HIV/AIDS in      5.4 million
 1999.
  Adults..................................  4.7 million
  Women...................................  2.3 million
  Children younger than 15................  620,000
Number of people living with HIV/AIDS.....  34.3 million
  Adults..................................  33.0 million
  Women...................................  15.7 million
  Children younger than 15................  1.3 million
AIDS deaths in 1999:......................  2.8 million
  Adults..................................  2.3 million
  Women...................................  1.2 million
  Children younger than 15................  500,000
Total number of AIDS deaths since the       18.8 million
 beginning of the epidemic.
  Adults..................................  15.0 million
  Women...................................  7.7 million
  Children younger than 15................  3.8 million
 
                                 USA \2\
 
Reported total AIDS cases in the U.S.       733,374
 through 1999.
By gender:
  Male....................................  (82%)
  Female..................................  (18%)
By race/ethnicity:
  Children younger than 13................  (1%)
  Whites..................................  (43%)
  Blacks..................................  (37%)
  Latino/a................................  (18%)
  Asian/Pacific Islander..................  (<1%)
By method of exposure:
  Men who have sex with men...............  (47%)
  Injection drug users....................  (25%)
  Heterosexual exposure...................  (10%)
  Blood or blood product infection........  (2%)
Reported total AIDS deaths in the U.S.      430,441
 through 1999.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Sources: UNAIDS HIV/AIDS Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic--
  June 2000.
\2\ Sources: CDC ``HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report'' Vol. 11, No. 2;
  National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 48 No. 11, July 24, 2000.

  Ms. LEE. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the gentlewoman from North 
Carolina for her very comprehensive statement and for reminding us that 
this is a global pandemic. We did declare in Alameda County a state of 
emergency as it relates to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in our own area in 
Northern California. I also thank the gentlewoman for reminding the 
administration of their commitment to address this as a priority.
  Mr. Speaker, I now yield to the gentlewoman from Texas (Ms. Jackson-
Lee), who serves on the Committee on the Judiciary. I have had the 
privilege to benefit from her insights in our travels to Africa, 
looking at the devastation caused by this pandemic as it relates to 
orphans and children, also as it relates to women and economic 
development in Nigeria.
  Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I thank the gentlewoman for 
her leadership and the opportunity to join her on this important 
Special Order that is seeking to put, again, on the national horizon 
the question of HIV/AIDS and its international impact. Let me thank the 
gentlewoman very much for her leadership on the Marshall Plan of the 
106th Congress; and of course, we want to see it funded again this 
year.
  I do not know if we realize the deep sphere, the piercing of the 
heart of what HIV/AIDS has done internationally. In our travels in 
visiting South Africa, we came upon an area in Soweto where, as we 
entered the area, we were told of a woman who had just been stoned to 
death because of her willingness to stand up and admit that she was HIV 
infected. These are the kinds of cultural differences that bar 
information from getting to large segments of the population in Africa.
  Although I would say that I am gratified by the progress that has 
been made, it is clearly a necessity that we speak about this issue 
today and that we encourage and work with and make a strong request to 
the Congress and to the White House to put this as one of its number 
one priorities.
  Let me also emphasize that this weekend I was able to participate in 
a community partners conference on HIV/AIDS in the 18th Congressional 
District in Houston. Over 500 people were present there who obviously 
were concerned about domestic AIDS, a variety of minority groups from 
all over the country who have helped sponsor this particular 
conference; and they too were as concerned about the international 
impact as they were concerned about the national impact.
  As my colleague well knows, we were together at the United Nations 
when Vice President Gore spoke to this issue, with the support of Kofi 
Annan and the former United States ambassador to the U.N. It was clear 
that the members of the Security Council were recognizing that this is 
a devastating plague. So I believe that it is of necessity that we 
acknowledge it, we acknowledge the fact that HIV/AIDS has been declared 
the world's deadliest disease by the World Health Organization. It is 
expected to grow in intensity in India, Southeast Asia, and in China.
  Mr. Speaker, HIV/AIDS has become a plague on the continent of Africa 
of biblical proportions by claiming over 18 million lives in recent 
decades. This crisis is having a direct impact on the future viability 
of many sub-Saharan countries. For this reason, I am delighted this 
evening to again emphasize the importance of how we can bring about a 
cure or bring about a diminishing of this terrible impact.
  We need additional funding for medication to be made available to the 
millions of poor around the world, to fight the growing death toll 
attributable to HIV/AIDS. The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on sub-
Saharan Africa has been especially severe. Since the beginning of the 
epidemic, over 80 percent of all AIDS deaths have occurred in sub-
Saharan Africa, and by the end of 1999 there were an estimated 23.3 
million people in sub-Saharan Africa living with HIV/AIDS. That is 70 
percent of the total HIV-infected people worldwide.
  In sub-Saharan Africa there are over 5,000 AIDS-related funerals per 
day. That is why when we passed the African Growth and Opportunity Act, 
a trade bill and, of course, many went to the floor of the House and 
said, what relevance does a trade bill have to do with Africa now, 
when, in fact, they are dying of HIV/AIDS. But it was important, and I 
offered amendments, to focus the corporate community on providing 
resources. I am sorry to say that we are not yet there with enough 
resources to help in the devastating pandemic that is going on and the 
resources needed to provide the medication.

  The world knew the size of the coming catastrophe in Africa and had 
the

[[Page H1001]]

means available to slow its progression. Estimates from the World 
Health Organization in 1990 and 1991 projected a caseload and eventual 
death toll in the tens of millions by 2000. Yet, we did not act. And 
now is the time that we must establish the fact of a crisis not only of 
mind and action, but of heart.
  Less than 20 years after doctors first described the symptoms, HIV 
has infected 53 million people. So far, 19 million have died, roughly 
the population along the Amtrak route from New York to Washington, D.C. 
We have pharmaceutical companies who have offered to provide charitable 
dollars to help; but I believe we need important action, and that is 
why I am a cosponsor of the Affordable HIV/AIDS Medicines for Poor 
Countries Act of 2001. It is important that pharmaceuticals begin in a 
massive way to allow generic drugs to go into sub-Saharan Africa to be 
able to confront this problem. It is only a matter of funding, and we 
need the administration and its White House Office on AIDS policy to 
begin to develop this kind of strategy and work with the 
pharmaceuticals to now go to the next step and be able to develop these 
generic drugs.
  The administration and Congress can work together, along with the 
Congressional Black Caucus and many other caucuses that are concerned 
about this issue. This effort should be led by drug manufacturers and 
the Congress. It should be a top priority. We could see an end to 
unnecessary deaths and suffering by the close of this year if we make 
the commitment to do so today.
  The cost of HIV/AIDS treatment for those living in the Third World is 
estimated to be about $10,000. It is estimated even if treatment costs 
were reduced to only $1,000 a year, it would still be far too expensive 
for Third World countries. Drug therapies that have extended the lives 
of people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States and other developed 
countries could cost between $4,000 and $20,000 per person per year in 
sub-Saharan Africa. We can do this. The treatment of HIV/AIDS involves 
three drugs that, taken in combination, can prolong the life of an AIDS 
patient significantly, the cocktail. In the United States we have seen 
a 75 percent decline in the amount of mortality in the last 3 years.
  The therapies which use various combinations of anti-viral drugs 
emerged in Western countries 5 years ago, transforming the health and 
future of AIDS patients who took them. Since that time, the gap in 
medical care between rich and poor countries has grown tremendously. We 
have a crisis, Mr. Speaker, and we can do something about it. Of the 
estimated 36 million people living with HIV, more than 25 million are 
in sub-Saharan Africa.
  Nearly 42 million of South Africa's 45 million people are infected 
with the virus, more than any other country. What I would say, Mr. 
Speaker, is that the UNAID update report released last week on HIV/AIDS 
infection rates reports that in many countries, up to 35 percent of all 
adults are infected with the disease. The report also estimates that 
half of today's teenage population in parts of Africa will perish from 
HIV/AIDS, and the most vulnerable group are women in Africa. Fifty-five 
percent of all adults living with HIV are women. I believe we can do 
something about this, and I thank the gentlewoman from California (Ms. 
Lee) and her visit to the South African conference in Durban, South 
Africa, in bringing back the information.
  This is a time now for us to be concerned about our babies, the 
babies of the world, the babies in sub-Saharan Africa, the women of the 
world, the men of the world, families of the world. It is time now that 
we stand and join in with the World Health Organization, this 
administration, the Congress, many of our progressive caucuses, 
including the Congressional Black Caucus, Mr. Speaker, and provide a 
resolution and a solution to the devastation and death.
  Mr. Speaker, I rise to join my democratic colleague, Representative 
Barbara Lee from California, in expressing our concerns regarding the 
ravages of HIV/AIDS on the continent of Africa. For this reason I am in 
favor of any effort by this body to increase access to HIV/AIDS 
treatment and education throughout the developing world, but especially 
on the continent of Africa.
  HIV/AIDS has been declared the world's deadliest disease by the World 
Health Organization. HIV/AIDS has become a plague on the Continent of 
Africa of biblical proportions by claiming over 18 million lives in 
recent decades. Unlike the black death in 14th century Europe, which 
took half as many lives, the means of controlling AIDS were known.
  This crisis is having a direct impact on the future viability of many 
sub-Saharan African communities. For this reason, I am joining 
Congresswoman Lee of California in support of additional funding for 
medication to be made available to the millions of poor around the 
world to fight the growing death toll attributed to HIV/AIDS.
  The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on sub-Saharan Africa has been 
especially severe. Since the beginning of the epidemic, over 80% of all 
AIDS deaths have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. By the end of 1999, 
there were an estimated 23.3 million people in sub-Saharan Africa 
living with HIV/AIDS. That is 70% of the total number of HIV-infected 
people worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, there are over five thousand 
AIDS-related funerals per day.
  The world knew the size of the coming catastrophe in Africa and had 
the means available to slow its progression. Estimates from the World 
Health Organization in 1990 and 1991 projected a caseload, and eventual 
death toll, in the tens of millions by 2000.
  Less than 20 years after doctors first described its symptoms; HIV 
has infected 53 million people. So far, 19 million have died, roughly 
the population along the Amtrak route from New York to Washington, DC.
  Recently a drug company announced an initiative to offer a limit of 
$100 million in charitable contributions of medicines to fight AIDS 
in Africa.

  I would offer that the drug manufactures and the Congressional Black 
Caucus should be on the same side in this effort. It is only a matter 
of funding, which this Administration could take the lead in gathering 
from the global community of wealthier nations. This effort should be 
lead by drug manufactures and the Congress as a top priority. We could 
see an end to unnecessary deaths and sufferings by the close of this 
year if we make the commitment to do so today.
  The cost of HIV/AIDS treatment for those living in the third world is 
estimated to be about $10,000 a year. It is estimated that even if 
treatment cost were reduced to only $1,000 a year it would still be far 
too expensive for Third World countries.
  Drug therapies that have extended the lives of people living with 
HIV/AIDS in the United States and other developed countries could cost 
between $4,000 and $20,000 per person per year in sub-Saharan Africa.
  The treatment of HIV/AIDS involves three drugs that taken in 
combination can prolong the life of an AIDS patient significantly.
  In the United States, where the treatment has become standard, the 
AIDS-related mortality rate fell 75 percent in three years.
  The therapies, which use various combinations of antiviral drugs 
emerged in Western countries five years ago, transforming the health 
and future of AIDS patients who took them.
  Since that time the gap in medical care between rich and poor 
countries has grown tremendously--our nation along with other should be 
ashamed at this condition.
  Now we are faced with a situation where the world's largest drug 
companies have begun a court challenge of South Africa's efforts to buy 
cheap, generic substitutes for patented AIDS medicines.
  Of the estimate d36 million people living with HIV more than 25 
million are in sub-Saharan Africa. Nearly 4.2 million of South Africa's 
45 million people are infected with the virus, more than in any other 
country.
  According to the UNAIDS Update report released last week on HIV/AIDS 
infection rates in many countries up to 35% of all adults are infected 
with the disease. The report also estimates that half of today's 
teenage population in parts of Africa will perish from HIV/AIDS. The 
most vulnerable group being affected by HIV/AIDS is the women of 
Africa; their infection rate is far greater than males. About fifty-
five percent of all adults living with HIV are women, and this rate is 
expected to continue to rise in countries where poverty, poor health 
systems and limited resources for prevention and care are present. What 
fuels the spread of this disease or any disease is, misinformation, 
cultural practices, passivity on the part of leaders, neglect on the 
part of those nations with resources that if engaged would make a 
difference in the fight to win out over the disease.

  I would like to commend Congresswoman Lee for her efforts to offer a 
clear perspective on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa. She recently 
returned from Durban, South Africa, after participating in AIDS 2000, 
which was the 13th International AIDS conference.
  Now, more than ever, the leadership of the United States is needed in 
order to avert a tragedy on the Continent of Africa. Therefore, I 
implore my fellow colleagues of the House to seriously reconsider the 
level of funding that has been appropriated for this critical area.

[[Page H1002]]

  Many people have asked why this is important to the United States. I 
reiterate that aside from the humanitarian perspective, the CIA has 
issued a report that declares HIV/AIDS a threat to our national 
security. HIV/AIDS undermines democracy and progress in many African 
nations and the developing world. Left to its own course HIV/AIDS will 
lead to political instability and may result in civil wars, which may 
affect the global balance of powers as well as economic viability of 
many African nations. In many of these instances, our military service 
personnel may be pressed into service in order to defend American 
interest in any attempt to bring stability to those nation's that 
decline into civil strife because of the ravages of HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS 
like any plague cannot be contained in any specific geographical area 
it will roll across borders of the rich and poor nations alike. 
Unfortunately, when this dreaded disease came to our shores many felt 
that it was a calamity for gay people, drug users AIDS knows no 
boundaries. With globalization, we also must be conscious of the 
potential for AIDS and other infectious diseases to be carried across 
borders.
  The World Health Organization estimates that 34.5 million children 
and adults in Africa are living with HIV and/or AIDS. We must work to 
bring this tragic situation under control using all means at our 
disposal as a nation, which includes acting in a leadership capacity to 
encourage other nations to join in an effort to address this mammoth 
health crisis.
  I would ask my colleagues not to continue to bury their minds under 
useless words, but to apply our collective resources to find solutions 
to the problem of HIV/AIDS in Africa.
  Ms. LEE. Mr. Speaker, I want to thank my colleague from Texas for 
taking time out of her very busy schedule and making a major 
contribution to this Special Order tonight.
  In closing, Mr. Speaker, let me just say, I think we have heard 
tonight from many of my colleagues who are indicating that they 
believe, as I do, that this lawsuit should be dropped and it should be 
dropped immediately. We have made some progress in the fight against 
this pandemic, but we certainly do not need any more obstacles to 
making sure that people begin to receive medication so that they can 
live.
  I thank my colleagues, once again, for joining us this evening.
  Ms. MILLENDER-McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, HIV/AIDS continues to devastate 
women throughout the world and nowhere is it more overwhelming than on 
the African continent. As news reports tell us daily, AIDS in Africa 
has reached crisis proportions. Two-thirds of the world's 33 million 
AIDS infected victims live on the African continent. Tragically, the 
epicenter of this disease is among African women with profound effects 
on their children. More than nine-tenths of the eight million children 
orphaned by AIDS last year were in Africa. What can any of us do?
  New and inexpensive drug treatments that help prevent mother-to-child 
transmission need to be employed in Africa. Governments, corporations 
and non-governmental organizations must coordinate strengths and 
cooperate in addressing major problem areas, including the critical 
absence of adequate infrastructure throughout the continent. Local 
capacity must be developed through education of the masses, and 
scientific knowledge needs to be improved.
  I call upon the Administration to include $150 million in its FY2002 
budget for the World Bank AIDS Trust Fund. This landmark public/private 
partnership, authorized under the Global AIDS and Tuberculosis Relief 
Act of 2000, is designed to leverage contributions with additional 
resources from the international donor community as well as from the 
private sector. These funds are necessary to implement HIV/AIDS best 
practices in countries hardest hit by HIV/AIDS.
  While the HIV/AIDS disease continues to devastate humanity and 
finding a cure seems far into the future, we cannot afford to give up. 
I will continue to devote my time and energy to finding solutions to 
the myriad difficulties surrounding the treatment and fight against 
AIDS.
  Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I commend Congresswoman Barbara Lee for 
organizing today's Special Order and for her leadership in the fight 
against the global AIDS pandemic. Rep. Lee's work was instrumental in 
the establishment and funding of the World Bank Trust Fund. With her 
unrelenting advocacy, over the course of the past year, the world has 
finally, albeit belatedly, started taking notice of the global AIDS 
pandemic and the havoc it is creating in the developing world. I join 
her today in calling for a stronger U.S., international, and 
multilateral commitment to combat global HIV/AIDS, which is the world's 
most deadly infectious disease ever.
  The social, economic, security and human costs of this crisis are 
devastating entire nations. Increased funding for global AIDS programs 
must be provided as part of a renewed commitment to a comprehensive and 
adequately funded development assistance strategy addressing the new 
challenges facing the developing world as a result of HIV/AIDS.
  The United States must take the lead. Our investment in the fight 
against the global AIDS pandemic not only has a direct impact, but it 
also leverages significant funds from other countries and multilateral 
institutions. Non-governmental organizations working to fight global 
AIDS believe that the U.S. funding for global AIDS programs should be 
doubled this year, to a total across all U.S. agencies and programs of 
$464.5 million. Just to put this number in perspective, the Joint 
United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that $3 billion 
is needed annually for Africa alone to provide minimal care, anti-viral 
drugs, and HIV prevention. Estimates of costs for an effective response 
to the epidemic worldwide start at $7 billion annually.
  In FY 2001, Congress and the Administration significantly expanded 
funding for global HIV/AIDS efforts with the LIFE (Leadership and 
Investment in Fighting an Epidemic) initiative. The Foreign Operations 
Appropriations Subcommittee, on which I have served as the Ranking 
Democrat, succeeded in our effort to dramatically increase funding for 
global AIDS at the United States Agency for International Development. 
Programs which last year received $190 million for international 
prevention, care, and education efforts, including programs to prevent 
mother-to-child transmission and address the needs of the growing 
population of AIDS orphans, will receive $315 million in the current 
fiscal year.
  So much more needs to be done.
  Comprehensive prevention efforts have turned around HIV epidemics in 
Uganda and Thailand, and averted an epidemic in Senegal. We know that 
prevention and education programs work. The United States must 
now demonstrate leadership in providing needed funding so that 
effective programs can be expanded and replicated.

  We must also invest in the efforts to develop a vaccine. Vaccines are 
our best hope to bring this epidemic under control, and we must do all 
we can to facilitate cooperation between the public and private sectors 
in order to bring together the necessary resources and expertise.
  Unfortunately, these challenges are only the beginning. India already 
has more infected people than any other nation, over 3.5 million. 
Experts are predicting that without significant efforts to treat those 
with HIV and prevent new infections the number of people living with 
HIV/AIDS in India could surpass the combined number of cases in all 
African countries within two decades. Asia already accounts for one out 
of every four infections worldwide. The Newly Independent States in the 
former Soviet Union are also seeing significant increases in their HIV 
infection rates. There has been a six-fold increase in the number of 
HIV infections in Eastern Europe and Central Asia in the last four 
years.
  Developing nations will be unable to turn the tide on this epidemic 
if even the most basic health care is unavailable or out of reach for 
most of their citizens. Yet despite such scarcity, community-based 
organizations in villages are doing much with little. People must be 
educated about HIV and how to prevent its spread. Increased testing and 
counseling opportunities are desperately needed. Basic care and 
treatment that can be delivered in homes or makeshift clinics is 
essential. And the need for support for the growing number of children 
orphaned by AIDS looms large.
  Access to affordable drugs is a critical piece of the fight against 
global AIDS in the developing world. In January, I joined with 28 
Members of Congress in writing President Bush urging this 
Administration to continue the Clinton Administration's Executive Order 
promoting Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals and Medical Technologies. 
We must take every possible action to ensure that people with HIV/AIDS 
around the world have access to life-saving drugs.
  The fight ahead of us against the global AIDS pandemic is a long one. 
We have no choice but to engage in the fight and to prevail. I look 
forward to working with Congresswoman Lee and others here and in the 
NGO community to promote U.S. leadership in the fight against global 
AIDS.
  Ms. SCHAKOWSKY. Mr. Speaker, I am proud to join today with the 
gentlewoman from California (Ms. Lee) and other distinguished members 
who are concerned about the scourge of HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan 
Africa and around the globe. I am glad we have decided to work on this 
issue from the outset of the 107th Congress. There is a lot of 
discussion and even more action that needs to occur in the next two 
years if we are serious about combating the spread of HIV/AIDS and if 
we want to aggressively work to provide relief to those who are already 
suffering from this terrible disease.
  Those of us here tonight are familiar with the staggering statistics. 
However, I believe that at least some of them need to be repeated time 
and again until necessary results are achieved.

[[Page H1003]]

  Since the HIV/AIDS pandemic began, it has claimed 21,800,000 lives.
  Over 17,000,000 men, women, and children, have died due to AIDS in 
sub-Saharan Africa alone.
  Over 36,000,000 people are infected with the HIV virus today. Over 
25,000,000 live in sub-Saharan Africa.
  By 2010, approximately 40,000,000 children worldwide will have lost 
one or both of their parents to HIV/AIDS.
  One does not have to look far to come across scores of figures like 
those I just mentioned. And, as daunting a picture as the numbers paint 
for us, there are in fact many things that can be done right now to 
advance the struggle to prevent others from being infected and to help 
extend the lives of those who are already suffering.
  The numerous drug companies that have filed suit against South Africa 
in order to prevent that country from implementing aggressive 
strategies to make life-saving drugs available and affordable 
immediately should be dropped. I am appalled by the drug industry's 
thirst for profit and willful neglect of the AIDS pandemic in Africa. 
These companies have to stop putting profits before people. And, as the 
world's leader, the United States must set the moral example for other 
nation's to follow.
  I welcome news that the Bush Administration will honor the policies 
implemented by the Clinton Administration on this subject. However, I 
believe that there is more that can and must be done. President Bush 
should use existing authority to give the World Health Organization 
(WHO) the right to use HIV/AIDS patents where the United States 
government has rights to those inventions. Great progress has been made 
in developing products to treat HIV and AIDS, and many of those 
products were developed with taxpayer funding. These publicly-financed 
products should be accessible and affordable to consumers both in the 
United States and in other countries. Along with Representatives 
Jackson, Waters, and Lee, I wrote to President Clinton on this subject 
last year and intend to raise this issue again with President Bush.
  A recent Washington Post editorial stated,

       The Administration should lead an international effort to 
     clarify poor countries' right to fight emergencies with 
     generic drugs, and it should declare its sympathy for the 
     South African government in the pending case.

  The editorial went on to say that Robert Zoellick, the U.S. Trade 
Representative should come out publicly and declare this 
Administration's support for the Clinton Administration's Executive 
Order on pharmaceuticals for sub-Saharan Africa.
  The Congress and the Administration need to work together to form a 
budget that includes increased HIV/AIDS funding for numerous programs. 
We also have a number of legislative initiatives that deserve action.
  We need full funding for the World Bank AIDS Trust Fund--legislation 
sponsored by Congresswoman Lee and Congressman Leach. With this bill, 
which is a public private partnership dedicated to fighting HIV/AIDS 
and developing vaccines, we have the ability to leverage more than a $1 
billion U.S. contribution. This bill was authorized for two years and 
funded for this year and we need to make sure it is included in our 
appropriations priorities this year.
  I want to thank Congresswoman Waters for her work and for 
reintroducing the HIV/AIDS Medicines for Poor Countries Act, which I am 
an original cosponsor of, and which would make it illegal for the U.S. 
government to use the TRIPS agreement to challenge another countries 
efforts to make HIV/AIDS drugs available at lower prices. The bill 
would also prohibit any agency of the U.S. government from using 
federal bills to seek to revoke any law or policy of a developing 
country that promotes access to HIV/AIDS medicines. Finally, the bill 
would require the U.S. to urge the World Trade Organization (WTO) to 
exempt developing countries from the application of provisions of the 
TRIPS agreement that restrict their ability to make HIV/AIDS medicines 
available to their populations at affordable prices.
  The Congress, President Bush, and his Trade Representative have a 
responsibility to South Africa and to the rest of the world. It should 
be the policy of this Administration and this Congress to denounce 
efforts that limit access to life savings drugs and to attack the AIDS 
crisis to the fullest extent. Anything less would be unconscionable.

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