[Congressional Record Volume 147, Number 37 (Tuesday, March 20, 2001)]
[House]
[Pages H979-H986]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]




                   CELEBRATING GREEK INDEPENDENCE DAY

  The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. Biggert). Under a previous order of the 
House, the gentleman from Florida (Mr. Bilirakis) is recognized for 5 
minutes.
  Mr. BILIRAKIS. Madam Speaker, today I, too, proudly rise to celebrate 
Greek Independence Day and the strong ties that bind the nations of 
Greece and the United States.
  It was 180 years ago when the people of Greece began a journey that 
would mark the symbolic rebirth of democracy in the land where those 
principles to human dignity were first espoused. The word ``democracy'' 
stems from two Greek words: ``demos,'' meaning ``of

[[Page H980]]

the people'' and ``kratos,'' meaning ``power'' and ``strength.'' On 
this anniversary, it is the power and strength of the Greek people and 
their courage and commitment to the principles of human government and 
self-determination that we celebrate.
  Revolutions embody a sense of heroism, bringing forth the greatness 
of the human spirit in the struggle against oppression. It was Thomas 
Jefferson who said that, and I quote, ``one man with courage is a 
majority.'' Quoting Jefferson on the anniversary of Greek independence 
is particularly appropriate. Jefferson and the rest of the Founding 
Fathers looked back to the teachings of ancient Greek philosophers for 
inspiration as they sought to craft a strong democratic state. And in 
1821, it was the Founding Fathers of our Nation to whom the Greeks 
looked for inspiration as they began their journey toward freedom.
  Encouraged by the American revolution, the Greeks began their 
rebellion after 4 centuries of Turkish oppression, facing what appeared 
to be insurmountable odds. Like the United States, Greek faced the 
prospect of having to defeat an empire to obtain liberty. Many lives 
were sacrificed at the alter of freedom. In the face of impending 
defeat, the Greek people showed great courage and rallied around the 
battle cry, ``Eleftheria I Thanatos,'' liberty or death.
  Similar words, ``Give me liberty or give me death,'' spoken in 
America only 5 decades before by Patrick Henry, embodied the Greek 
patriots' unmitigated desire to be free.
  News of the Greek revolution met with widespread feelings of 
compassion in the United States. The Founding Fathers eagerly expressed 
sentiments of support for the fledgling uprising. Several American 
Presidents, including James Monroe and John Quincy Adams, conveyed 
their support for the revolution through their annual messages to 
Congress. William Harrison, our ninth President, expressed his belief 
in freedom for Greece saying, ``We must send our free will offering. 
'The Star-spangled Banner,''' he went on to say, ``must wave in the 
Aegean, a messenger for eternity and friendship to Greece.''
  Various Members of Congress also showed a keen interest in the Greek 
struggle for autonomy. Henry Clay, who in 1825 became Secretary of 
State, was a champion of Greece's fight for independence. Among the 
most vocal was Daniel Webster from Massachusetts, who frequently roused 
the sympathetic interests of his colleagues and other Americans in the 
Greek revolution. It should not surprise us that the Founding Fathers 
would express such keen support for Greek independence, for they 
themselves had been inspired by the ancient Greeks and their own 
struggle for freedom. As Thomas Jefferson once said, ``To the ancient 
Greeks, we are all indebted for the light which led ourselves, the 
American colonists, out of gothic darkness.'' Our two nations share a 
brotherhood bonded by the common blood of democracy, birthed by Lady 
Liberty, and committed to the ideal that each individual deserves the 
right of self-determination.
  We all know that the price of liberty can be very high. History is 
replete with the names of the millions who have sacrificed for it. 
Socrates, Plato, Pericles, and many other great scholars throughout 
history warned that we maintain democracy only at great cost. The 
freedom we enjoy today is due to a large degree to the sacrifices made 
by men and women in the past in Greece, in America, and all over the 
world.
  Madam Speaker, on this 180th birthday of Greek independence, when we 
celebrate the restoration of democracy to the land of its conception, 
we also celebrate the triumph of the human spirit and the strength of 
man's will. The goals and values that the people of Greece share with 
the people of the United States reaffirm our common democratic 
heritage. This occasion also serves to remind us that we must never 
take for granted the right to determine our own fate.
  Remembering the sacrifice of the brave Greeks who gave their lives 
for liberty helps us all realize, Madam Speaker, how important it is to 
be an active participant in our own democracy, and that is why we honor 
those who secured independence for Greece so many years ago.
  Madam Speaker, today I proudly rise to celebrate Greek Independence 
Day and the strong ties that bind the nation of Greece and the United 
States.
  One hundred and eighty years ago, the people of Greece began a 
journey that would mark the symbolic rebirth of democracy in the land 
where those principles to human dignity were first espoused. The word 
democracy stems from two Greek words; demos, meaning of the people, and 
kratos, meaning power and strength. On this anniversary, it is the 
power and strength of the Greek people and their courage and commitment 
to the principles of human government and self-determination that we 
celebrate.
  Revolutions are often violent affairs. They come about when a people, 
who have too long suffered under the yoke of oppression and been denied 
the very basic tenets of human dignity, rise up in the name of self-
determination. The concepts of self-determination and revolution were 
first espoused by the ancient Greek philosophers. Men such as 
Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, and Euripides developed the then-unique 
notion that men could, if left to their own devices, lead themselves 
rather than be subject to the will of a sovereign. It was Aristotle who 
said: ``We make war that we may live in peace.'' On March 25, 1821, 
Archbishop Germanos of Patras embodied the spirit of those words when 
he raised the flag of freedom and was the first to declare Greece free.
  Revolutions also embody a sense of heroism, bringing forth the 
greatness of the human spirit in the struggle against oppression. It 
was Thomas Jefferson who said that, ``One man with courage is a 
majority.'' Quoting Jefferson on the anniversary of Greek independence 
is particularly appropriate. Jefferson, and the rest of the Founding 
Fathers, looked back to the teachings of ancient Greek philosophers for 
inspiration as they sought to craft a strong democratic state. And in 
1821, it was the Founding Fathers of our nation to whom the Greeks 
looked for inspiration as they began their journey toward freedom.
  The history of Greek Independence, like that of the American 
Revolution, is filled with many stories of courage and heroism. There 
are many parallels between the American and Greek Revolutions. I would 
like to take the opportunity to recount some of these tales with you 
now.
  Encouraged by the American Revolution, the Greeks began their 
rebellion after four centuries of Turkish oppression, facing what 
appeared to be insurmountable odds. Both nations faced the prospect of 
having to defeat an empire to obtain liberty. And if Samuel Adams, the 
American revolutionary leader who lighted the first spark of rebellion 
by leading the Boston Tea Party, had a Greek counterpart, that man 
would be Alexander Ypsilantis.
  Ypsilantis was a Greek who was born in Istanbul, and whose family was 
later exiled to Russia. Ypsilantis served in the Russian army, and it 
was there, during his military service, that he became involved with a 
secret society called the ``Philike Hetairia'' which translated means 
``friendly society.'' The ``friendly society'' was made up of merchants 
and other Greek leaders, but the intent of the society was to seek 
freedom for Greece and her people.
  The group planned a secret uprising for 1821 to be led by Ypsilantis. 
He and 4,500 volunteers assembled near the Russian border to launch an 
insurrection against the Turks. The Turkish army massacred the ill-
prepared Greek volunteers, and Ypsilantis was caught and placed in 
prison, where he subsequently died. However, the first bells of liberty 
had been rung, and Greek independence would not be stopped.
  When news of Greeks uprisings spread, the Turks killed Greek 
clergymen, clerics, and laity in a frightening display of force. In a 
vicious act of vengeance, the Turks invaded the island of Chios and 
slaughtered 25,000 of the local residents. The invaders enslaved half 
the island's population of 100,000.
  Althought many lives were sacrificed at the altar of freedom, the 
Greek people rallied around the battle cry ``Eleftheria I Thanatos''--
liberty or death. Those same words, spoken in America only five decades 
before by Patrick Henry, who said: ``Give me liberty or give me 
death,'' embodied the Greek patriots' unmitigated desire to be free.
  Another heroic Greek whom many believe was the most important figure 
in the revolution was Theodoros Kolokotronis. Kolokotronis was the 
leader of the Klephts, a group of rebellious and resilient Greeks who 
refused to submit to Turkish subjugation. Kolokotronis used military 
strategy he learned while in the service of the English Army to 
organize a force of over 7,000 men. The Klephts swooped down on the 
Turks from their mountain strongholds, battering their oppressors into 
submission.
  One battle in particular, where Kolokotronis led his vastly 
outnumbered forces against the Turks, stands out. The Turks had invaded 
the Peloponnese with 30,000 men. Kolokotronis led his force, which was 
outnumbered by a

[[Page H981]]

ratio of 4 to 1, against the Turkish army. A fierce battle ensued and 
many lives were lost, but after a few weeks, the Turks were forced to 
retreat. Kolokotronis is a revered Greek leader, because he embodied 
the hopes and dreams of the common man, while displaying extraordinary 
courage and moral fiber in the face of overwhelming odds.
  Athanasios Diakos was another legendary hero, a priest, a patriot, 
and a soldier. He led 500 of his men in a noble stand against 8,000 
Ottoman soldiers. Diakos' men were wiped out and he fell into the 
enemy's hands, where he was severely tortured before his death. He is 
the image of a Greek who gave all for love of faith and homeland.
  While individual acts of bravery and leadership are often noted, the 
Greek Revolution was remarkable for the bravery and fortitude displayed 
by the typical Greek citizen. This heroic ideal of sacrifice and 
service is best demonstrated through the story of the Suliotes, 
villagers who took refuge from Turkish authorities in the mountains of 
Epiros. The fiercely patriotic Suliotes bravely fought the Turks in 
several battles. News of their victories spread throughout the region 
and encouraged other villages to revolt. The Turkish Army acted swiftly 
and with overwhelming force to quell the Suliote uprising.
  The Suliote women were alone as their husbands battled the Turks at 
the front. When they learned that Turkish troops were fast approaching 
their village, they began to dance the ``Syrtos,'' a patriotic Greek 
dance. One by one, rather than face torture or enslavement at the hands 
of the Turks, they committed suicide by throwing themselves and their 
children off Mount Zalongo. They chose to die rather than surrender 
their freedom.
  The sacrifice of the Suliotes was repeated in the Arkadi Monastery of 
Crete. Hundreds of non-combatants, mainly the families of the Cretan 
freedom fighters, had taken refuge in the Monastery to escape Turkish 
reprisals. The Turkish army was informed that the Monastery was used by 
the Cretan freedom fighters as an arsenal for their war material, and 
they set out to seize it. As the Turkish troops were closing in, the 
priest gathered all the refugees in the cellar around him. With their 
consent, he set fire to the gunpowder kegs stored there, killing all 
but a few. The ruins of the Arkadi Monastery, like the ruins of our 
Alamo, still stand as a monument to liberty.
  News of the Greek revolution met with widespread feelings of 
compassion in the United States. The Founding Fathers, eagerly 
expressed sentiments of support for the fledgling uprising. Several 
American Presidents, including James Monroe and John Quincy Adams, 
conveyed their support for the revolution through their annual messages 
to Congress. William Harrison, our ninth president, expressed his 
belief in freedom for Greece, saying: ``We must send our free will 
offering. `The Star-spangled Banner' must wave in the Aegean . . . a 
messenger of fraternity and friendship to Greece.''
  Various Members of Congress also showed a keen interest in the 
Greeks' struggle for autonomy. Henry Clay, who in 1825 became Secretary 
of State, was a champion of Greece's fight for independence. Among the 
most vocal was Daniel Webster from Massachusetts, who frequently roused 
the sympathetic interest of his colleagues and other Americans in the 
Greek revolution.
  It should not surprise us that the Founding Fathers would express 
such keen support for Greek independence, for they themselves had been 
inspired by the ancient Greeks in their own struggle for freedom. As 
Thomas Jefferson once said, ``To the ancient Greeks . . . we are all 
indebted for the light which led ourselves . . . American colonists, 
out of gothic darkness.'' Our two nations share a brotherhood bonded by 
the common blood of democracy, birthed by Lady Liberty, and committed 
to the ideal that each individual deserves the right to self-
determination.
  We all know that the price of liberty can be very high--history is 
replete with the names of the millions who have sacrificed for it. 
Socrates, Plato, Pericles, and many other great scholars throughout 
history warned that we maintain democracy only at great cost. The 
freedom we enjoy today is due to a large degree to the sacrifices made 
by men and women in the past--in Greece, in America, and all over the 
world.
  Madam Speaker, on this 180th birthday of Greek Independence, when we 
celebrate the restoration of democracy to the land of its conception, 
we also celebrate the triumph of the human spirit and the strength of 
man's will. The goals and values that the people of Greece share with 
the people of the United States reaffirms our common democratic 
heritage. This occasion also serves to remind us that we must never 
take for granted the right to determine our own fate.
  As Aristotle stated: ``If liberty and equality, as is thought by some 
are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be best attained when 
all persons alike share in the government to the utmost.''
  Remembering the sacrifice of the brave Greeks who gave their lives 
for liberty helps us all realize how important it is to be an active 
participant in our own democracy. That is why we honor those who 
secured independence for Greece so many years ago.
  Ms. PELOSI. Madam Speaker, I rise today in honor of the 180th 
anniversary of the revolution that freed the Greek people from the 
Ottoman Empire. Although there are no final victories in the long 
struggle to extend the principles of equality and democracy, we should 
take advantage of this opportunity to celebrate the triumphs of freedom 
over tyranny.
  I would like to thank the co-Chairs of the Congressional Caucus on 
Hellenic Issues, Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney and Congressman Michael 
Bilirakis, for their efforts to organize these statements for Greek 
Independence Day.
  For almost 400 years (1453-1821), the Greek people lived under the 
brutal domination of the Ottoman Empire. This dark period was 
characterized by the denial of all civil rights, the closing of Greek 
schools and churches, and rampant kidnappings of Christian and Jewish 
children. The Greek Revolution marked the beginning of the struggle 
that freed the Greek people and reestablished democracy in Greece.
  Since their war of independence, Greece has been a strong ally to the 
United States. In turn, the U.S. has opened its heart to multitudes of 
Greek immigrants. The contributions of the Greek community in the 
United States are immeasurable. Greek-Americans have played a 
significant role in all aspects of American life including our arts, 
sports, medicine, religion, and politics. In the House of 
Representatives, the children of Greek immigrants have brought their 
legacy and inspiration. Congress has been made a better place for their 
contributions.
  In San Francisco, the Greek-American community is a vital, historic, 
and vibrant component of our world-renowned diversity. The social 
fabric of San Francisco has benefited from the civic leadership of our 
late Mayor George Christopher, former Mayor and HUD Regional Director 
Art Agnos, and former Golden Gate Bridge District Board Member Stephan 
C. Leonoudakis.
  Ancient and modern Greece stand as examples to people around the 
world of overcoming tyranny. They taught the world that the supreme 
power to govern is vested in the people through self-governance. 
Wherever tyranny and ethnic cleansing occur, the principles of equality 
and democracy are also under siege.
  As a member of the Congressional Caucus on Hellenic Issues, I am 
proud to stand in recognition of the 180th anniversary of Greek 
Independence Day.
  Mr. McGOVERN. Madam Speaker, I rise today and to speak with pride 
about 180 years of freedom and independence for the people of Greece. 
Like the Fourth of July, Greek Independence Day reminds us of our duty 
to defend freedom--whatever the cost.
  Every year at this time, my colleagues and I reflect and remember the 
great influence Greece and Greek democracy had on the founders of the 
United States. This year, I would like to underscore the fact that 
Greece, the first democracy, continues its march to become fully 
integrated into the European Union.
  On January 1, 2001, Greece became the twelfth member of the European 
Monetary Union--the euro-zone. Shops in Greece, ahead of the required 
deadlines, are already displaying prices in the old drachmas and new 
euros. Euro banknotes will begin to circulate in January 2002, with the 
drachma, Europe's oldest currency, ceasing to be legal tender the 
following March. I myself am sentimental about seeing an end to the 
drachma, but I admire and respect the economic progress and financial 
stability Greece has demonstrated in order to meet the criteria of 
membership in the European Monetary Union.
  The recent achievements of the Greek economy were praised by the U.S. 
Ambassador to Greece, Nicholas Burns, at a late-January business 
conference in Thessaloniki. Greece, he said, was an example to all its 
northern neighbors who look forward to members in the European Union. 
Ambassador Burns spoke of the interest now evidenced by American 
businesses in investment in Greece, especially its northern region. 
U.S. investments in Greece currently total $2.2 billion, while 
bilateral trade increased by some 20 percent.
  So we celebrate today not just the glorious past of Greece, but the 
promising future.
  I also want to say a few words about the contributions of Greek-
Americans to our own society and communities. In Worcester, there is no 
better example of this rich heritage than the parish of St. Spyridon 
Greek Orthodox Church and the leadership of the Reverend Dean N. 
Paleologos. Located at 102 Russell Street in Worcester, Massachusetts, 
St. Spyridon is known for its many services and contributions to the 
community. In addition to running two schools and hosting a food bank,

[[Page H982]]

the church is the home for a number of neighborhood gatherings and 
meetings where plans are made to meet the needs of the community. 
Father Paleologos is an active member in the Worcester Interfaith 
Council, a coordinating group for public action and service by the 
religious community.
  And St. Spyridon's parish also knows how to celebrate Greek 
Independence and Greek heritage. Every two years, more than 60,000 
visitors participate in the church's Greek Festival. This year, on 
March 25, the Worcester Greek community will join the Greek Parade in 
Boston, which is supported by the Greek Consulate, many Greek and 
American organizations, and by the Metropolitan Metahodios. On April 1, 
2001, St. Spyridon's Greek School will celebrate Greek Independence Day 
with a special Doxology, honoring both Greece and America, and by 
hosting a community program of poetry, songs and traditional dances.
  On behalf of the more than 1,000 families of Worcester who celebrate 
their Greek heritage, I am honored to be able to support 180 years of 
Greek Independence. I want to thank Congressman Bilirakis and 
Congresswoman Maloney for their leadership in organizing today's 
tributes. They are an inspiration to all of us in Congress.
  Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Madam Speaker, it is with great pride 
that I join with my colleagues in celebration of the 180th anniversary 
of Greek independence. At this time, I would like to thank my 
colleagues from Florida and New York who have once again shown great 
leadership in initiating this Special Order and organizing the 
Congressional Caucus on Hellenic Issues.
  Greece has often been called the ``cradle of democracy,'' and 
rightfully so. In an address that could have been written by one of our 
founding fathers, Pericles wrote over 2,000 years ago, ``Our 
Constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of 
the minority, but of the whole people . . . equal before the law.'' The 
dream that was born so many years ago in ancient Athens is still alive 
and well today, here in the United States, and around the world.
  Without the example of Greece, the United States might not even be in 
existence today. As we looked to them for inspiration and guidance in 
our early, fragile years, so they looked to us on March 25, 1821, when 
they shook off the repressive bonds of the Ottoman Empire and declared 
themselves a democracy once again. Since then, they have developed into 
a strong ally and stabilizing force in their region of the world.
  The United States has felt the impact of Greece in many other ways, 
most notably in the dedication and hard work of its sons and daughters 
who have immigrated to our nation. These immigrants have contributed 
greatly to their communities. In my home state of Rhode Island, there 
are thriving Greek communities in Providence, Pawtucket and Newport. 
There--as they have done across the United States--they became active 
participants in their community, and we are richer today because of 
their great contributions.
  Because of all that Greece has given to not only the United States, 
but also the entire world, it is fitting that we honor our strong ally 
and its sons and daughters within our nation. Once again, I commend my 
colleagues for their dedication in making this annual Special Order 
possible, and look forward to continuing my work with the Hellenic 
Caucus.
  Mr. DIAZ-BALART. Madam Speaker, a declaration of independence is much 
more than one man standing his ground against another, or a woman 
raising a flag in protest, or even signatures on a written statement. A 
declaration of independence is the heart and soul of democracy. 
Throughout history, people have stood in the face of oppression and 
demanded to be heard.
  It was ancient Greece that originated the basic concept of democracy, 
in which the supreme power to govern is vested in the people. The 
United States adopted this philosophy in the framing of our government, 
and in 1821 your ancestors enshrined this philosophy in their pursuit 
of freedom.
  On March 25, 1821, the Greek people declared their independence from 
the Ottoman Empire. Although true freedom was not earned for many 
years, it was March 25, 1821 that will be remembered for all time. 
These brave men an women will forever remain a symbol to the people of 
Greece and to many around the globe.
  The United States and Greece have been at the forefront of efforts to 
promote freedom, democracy and human rights throughout the world. These 
common ideals have forged a bond between the people of Greece and the 
United States. It is only appropriate that American join in celebration 
with all Greek-Americans on this special occasion.
  It is important to teach America's youth about the many different 
backgrounds that combine to create our American Heritage, and today it 
is appropriate to highlight Greek-American heritage.
  We have reached a period in time that rivals no other. There are more 
democratic nations than ever before, but we must continue to make 
certain that those people still living under the hand of oppressive 
governments, such as the occupied 40% of the beautiful island of 
Cyprus, have the tools and resources necessary to achieve their own 
self-determination.
  I would like to extend my best wishes to all Greek-Americans on this 
day of celebration.
  Mr. MEEHAN. Madam Speaker, I rise today in celebration of Greek 
independence from the Ottoman Empire. March 25, 2001 will mark the 
180th anniversary of the start of Greece's struggle for independence 
from the Turks.
  The struggle of the Greek people against the Ottoman Empire 
exemplifies the remarkable ability of a people to overcome all 
obstacles if the will to endure is strong enough and the goal, freedom, 
bright enough.
  The parallels between the United States and Greece are substantial. 
American political thought was influenced just as much by Greek 
philosophy as the Greek revolution of 1821 was inspired by the American 
fight for freedom in 1776. In fact, Greek intellectuals used the U.S. 
Constitution as the basis for its own constitution in the 1820's.
  Moreover, the common struggles of our countries have given rise to a 
bond that spans the generations. The United States and Greece have 
long-standing historical, political, and cultural ties based on a 
common heritage, shared democratic values, and alliances during World 
War II, the Korean War, the Cold War and the Persian Gulf War.
  Greece is a country of 11.5 million citizens. Its gross domestic 
product measures approximately $120.25 billion per year, and it is 
estimated that Greece's economy will grow at a rate of five percent 
annually over the next few years. Furthermore, Greece has major export 
markets in the United States, Germany, Italy, France and the United 
Kingdom. And as we all know, Greece has among the richest cultural 
histories of all nations. The Greek language dates back at least 3,500 
years and university education, including books, is free.
  The citizens of Greece are now preparing to host the 2004 Olympic 
Games, an honor that holds particular historical significance for them. 
Beginning in 776 B.C., the Olympic Games were held in the valley of 
Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 1200 years. The modern 
Olympic Games were created by Baron Pierre de Coubertin and inspired by 
the ancient games. First staged in 1896 in Athens, the games attracted 
about 245 athletes to participate in 43 events. At the Sydney 2000 
Games, more than 10,000 athletes took part in 300 events. The Olympic 
Movement has survived wars, boycotts and terrorism to become a symbol 
of the ability of the people of all nations to come together in peace 
and friendship. And in 2004, the games return to their home.
  Madam Speaker, I am proud to represent a large and active Greek-
American community in the Fifth District of Massachusetts. U.S. 
participation in Cyprus settlement efforts, the fight for freedom and 
human rights for the people of Cyprus, the inclusion of Greece in the 
Visa Waiver Pilot Program, and the presentation of the Congressional 
Gold medal to His All Holiness Patriarch Bartholomew have all been 
priorities for the Greek-American community and worthy initiatives I've 
been proud to support. I will continue to fight for the interests of 
Greece and Greek-Americans and encourage others Members of Congress to 
join me.
  Mr. LANGEVIN. Madam Speaker, I rise today in proud recognition of the 
180th anniversary of Greek Independence. This is a great day, for it 
commemorates the return of democracy to this, the cradle of Western 
Civilization, after nearly four hundred years of foreign trade.
  Greece has always been proud and independent by nature. Its people 
were a powerful force both culturally and militarily, as evidenced by 
the works of Homer and the multitude of Greek philosophers. The 
pinnacle of Greek influence was Alexander the Great and his unification 
of the eastern Mediterranean and ancient Middle East. Greek culture was 
spread throughout the new empire and for the first time, people were 
communicating with a common language, sharing ideas in a way never 
before possible. This hellenization was an idea that transformed every 
place it touched.
  Nearly two thousand years later, another important concept from 
ancient Greece came to the forefront of modern thought. The concept of 
``rule by the people,'' an alien idea in a time still dominated by 
kings and queens, gained prominence in the young United States. This 
was the desire of the framers of our Constitution, and they found their 
inspiration in the principles of the polis of Athens.
  Thirty years later, in 1821, spurred on by the American example, the 
people of Greece acted upon a desire to be free. The Ottoman Turks had 
conquered the region in 1453, bringing an end to over a thousand years 
of rule by the Orthodox-Christian Byzantine Empire and its resurgence 
of Greek culture. After a bloody eleven-year war, Greece was finally 
free once again.

[[Page H983]]

  In the modern era, one of the most important reminders of Greek 
heritage is the Olympic Games, which are finally returning to their 
origins in Athens in 2004 for the 25th Summer Olympic Games. Every four 
years, the Olympics have symbolized peace and excellence for people the 
world over, reassuring us that even the smallest nation can compete on 
an equal ground with the largest country.
  Madam Speaker, it is this feeling that I believe is the greatest 
contribution Greece has given to our world. We are all equal, whether 
it is in our democratic government, or in friendly competition, and we 
can come together in friendship even during the most difficult of 
times. With that, I would like to thank my colleagues for holding this 
special order and once again congratulate Greece on the anniversary of 
its independence and all of the gifts it has given us.
  Mr. KNOLLENBERG. Madam Speaker, I rise today to celebrate the 180th 
anniversary of Greek independence. One hundred and eighty years ago, 
after nearly 400 years of oppression under the Ottoman Empire, the 
courage and commitment to freedom of the Greek people prevailed in a 
revolution for independence. It is an honor today to celebrate Greek 
Independence Day in the House of Representatives.
  Greece and the Greek people have made remarkable contributions to the 
United States and societies throughout the world. The achievements of 
Greek civilization in art, architecture, science, philosophy, 
mathematics, and literature have become legacies for nations across the 
globe. In addition, and most importantly, the Greek commitment to 
freedom and the birth of democracy remains an essential contribution 
for which we as Americans are eternally grateful.
  Greek civilization has inspired the American passion for truth, 
justice, and the rule of law by the will of the people. The forefathers 
of our nation recognized the spirit and idealism of ancient Greece when 
fighting for American independence and drafting our Constitution. 
Forty-five years after our own revolution for independence, this 
tradition and commitment to freedom was carried forward by the Greek 
people through their successful revolutionary struggle for sovereignty.
  Greek Americans can take pride today in the contributions of Greek 
culture and in their ancestors' sacrifice. The effects of the vibrant 
Greek people can be witnesses throughout the United States in our 
government, culture, and economy, as well as in our commitment to 
freedom and democracy throughout the world. We, as Americans, are 
grateful for these gifts.
  Madam Speaker, it is important for us to recognize and celebrate this 
day together with Greece to reaffirm our common democratic heritage. I 
am proud to join in this celebration and offer my congratulations to 
Greece and Greeks throughout the world on this very special day.
  Mr. ACKERMAN. Madam Speaker, I would like to add my voice to those of 
my colleagues in the House of Representatives in celebration of Greek 
Independence Day, March 25th. All of us who love liberty are justified 
in noting this important day. Greece is the birthplace of the 
democratic ideal, the principle upon which all our work here depends. 
The genius of the American republic and the concept of liberty, which 
sustained our fight for independence, cannot be separated from the 
great works of the philosophers of ancient Greece.
  Every ethnic group in the United States can claim a special bond to 
our nation's essence. But Greek-Americans can take special pride in 
knowing that our constitution's organizing principle, ``a government of 
the people, by the people and for the people'' came to our shores from 
the heart of the Aegean.
  Madam Speaker, Greece has been a friend and ally to the United States 
longer than many countries have been in existence. And, through 
immigration, our nation has been the great beneficiary of the strength, 
wisdom and creativity of Greece's sons and daughters. Millions of 
Americans who can trace their family roots back to Greece have 
contributed in countless ways, large and small, to the greatness, 
prosperity and harmony of the United States.
  I believe the influence of Greece on our nation is underappreciated 
because it is so ubiquitous. We see it in our nation's architecture, it 
surrounds us in our theater and humanities, it is instilled in our 
national intellect at all of our great universities. We need only look 
around this chamber to sense how critical Greece's legacy to our 
country has been.
  Madam Speaker, I want to thank my colleagues, Representative Michael 
Bilirakis and Representative Carolyn Maloney, for helping to organize 
this salute to Greek Independence Day. I know that the whole House will 
join me in congratulating the Greek people, and all Americans of 
Hellenic descent, on this special occasion.
  Mrs. KELLY. Madam Speaker, I rise today to join my colleagues to 
commemorate the 180th Anniversary of the Green revolution. In 1821, the 
Greeks, after nearly 400 years of slavery under the Ottoman Empire took 
up arms and fought for their freedom. March 25, 1821 marked the 
beginning of this Greek revolution and their struggle for independence.
  For many centuries, Greece, the birthplace of democracy, was subject 
to foreign domination and political control under the Ottoman Empire. 
Unfortunately, the Greeks did not enjoy the freedoms given in a 
democracy and so, with a strong determination for liberty, they began a 
lengthy crusade. When the fighting began, Greece came under fire in 
several areas ranging from its Northern province of Macedonia, to a 
near-war that began over the island of Imia near the coast-land of 
Turkey. The prospects for the rebels' success were not always 
promising. In fact, they were aided by several of their European 
neighbors who came to their assistance. England, France and Russia sent 
their naval fleets to help defuse the Egyptian navy, which was helping 
the Ottoman Turks exploit internal strife within the Greek ranks. These 
nations came together to break the bonds of the Ottomans' tyranny, and 
help the Greek people win the right of self determination. On March 22, 
1829, Greece emerged from their fierce campaign for democracy and 
created the modern Greek state.
  Here in the United States we owe a debt of gratitude to the many 
Greeks whose labor has helped to build this great nation. Throughout 
our history, the United States and Greece have shared a unique bond in 
that both nations have struggled for the right to freedom and self-
governance. Clearly, our Founding Fathers had a deep admiration for the 
ancient Greeks who championed their own independence and modeled the 
American form of government upon the principles of Greek democracy. The 
ideology of Greece can be found in our own Constitution and these 
common ideals have promoted a strong bond between our two nations. We 
share a similar devotion for additional nations to join in our mutual 
values, goals and respect by embracing the rights and liberties we hold 
dear. Greek Independence Day is a celebration for both Greek and 
American freedom.
  I would like to thank the other members of the Congressional Caucus 
on Hellenic Issues, and particularly the co-chairs, my friend, the 
gentleman from Florida (Mr. Bilirakis) and my friend, the gentlewoman 
from New York (Mrs. Maloney), for their efforts in organizing this 
fitting tribute.
  Mr. SHERMAN. Madam Speaker, on March 25th, 1821, 180 years ago this 
week, the Greek people declared their independence, throwing off the 
yoke of four centuries of Ottoman oppression.
  Greek freedom fighters looked to the American revolution and American 
democracy for inspiration, and adopted their own declaration of 
independence. Our Founding Fathers in turn were guided by the 
democratic principles that first arose in Greece. They took to heart 
the ideals of ancient Greece, the birthplace of democracy.
  This is a day for us to reflect on the vital alliance between Greece 
and the United States and to pay our debt to Hellenic ideals and to 
Hellenic culture. It is a day for Greek Americans to take pride in the 
independence of Greece and in the ancient culture of all Hellenes.
  Since its liberation, Greece has stood by America. It is my hope and 
belief that the United Sates will continue to stand by its ally. Greece 
is one of three nations in the world beyond the former British Empire 
that has been allied with the United States in every major 
international conflict of this century. One out of every 9 Greeks lost 
their lives fighting the Nazis during World War II. And through U.S. 
generosity, through the Marshall plan, Greece was able to rebuild its 
war-ravaged economy.
  We must also remember that there remain problems in the eastern 
Mediterranean, problems between Greece and the successor to its former 
colonial master, Turkey. We must work to bring peace to the Aegean and 
the eastern Mediterranean.
  I hope that our new Administration will use its considerable 
influence with Ankara to convince the leadership there to support a 
peaceful and just resolution to the outstanding problems between our 
two allies. Most importantly, I hope that our government can convince 
the Turkish side to negotiate in good faith on the continued occupation 
and division of Cyprus.
  Madam Speaker, again, I want to urge all my colleagues to pay tribute 
to Greek Independence and to all of the contributions made by Hellenes 
throughout history.
  Mr. SCHROCK. Madam Speaker, I rise today to commemorate the 180th 
Anniversary of Greek Independence Day.
  Over 200 years ago, our Founding Fathers turned to the scholarly 
teachings of ancient Greek philosophers and statesmen in order to form 
``a more perfect Union.'' These inspirational teachings about the 
virtues of democracy served as the basis of our own representative form 
of government.
  On March 25, 1821, these teachings came full circle when the Greeks 
fought to regain the freedom, liberty, and individual rights they first 
taught to the world. Now, 180 years later,

[[Page H984]]

the Greek system of democracy is in full force and serves as an 
inspiration to us all.
  The celebration of Greek Independence Day should not be reserved to 
only those of Greek descent; it is a day that should also honor our own 
nation's democratic principles.
  Greece and the United States have shared a common past. We have 
fought wars together, we are NATO partners, we maintain sound 
diplomatic relations. We are successful partners on the world stage.
  The citizens of the United States are eager to celebrate the Games of 
the 28th Olympiad in Athens.
  Therefore, all Americans celebrate Greek Independence Day, for it is 
the commemoration of all that we believe in, and all that our 
forefathers fought for--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
  Mrs. MORELLA. Madam Speaker, I rise today in recognition of Greek 
Independence Day. One hundred and eighty years ago Greece began the 
struggle against the Ottoman empire that would lead to their 
independence. Americans have celebrated our connection with Greece 
throughout our history. Thomas Jefferson once said, ``. . . To the 
ancient Greeks . . . we are all indebted for the light which led 
ourselves [American colonists] out of Gothic darkness.''
  Our nations have a common democratic bond that have led us to look to 
one another for examples for our governing bodies. It is of course the 
philosophies of the ancient Greeks that inspired our founding fathers 
to pursue freedom through the Declaration of Independence. In turn it 
is this same document that the Greeks used to declare their freedom 
from the Ottoman Empire.
  It is not only our form of government that we have learned from the 
Greeks. One only has to look around our nation's capital to see how we 
have been influenced by Greek art. From the Capitol building to the 
Lincoln and Jefferson Memorials, we have incorporated their styles. In 
addition, a large part of our culture has been shaped by ancient Greek 
philosophy and their approach to science. In recent history Greece has 
been 1 of only 3 nation's that have allied with the United States in 
every major international conflict. During World War II, 600,000 Greeks 
gave their lives in the fight for freedom.
  The contributions that Greek-Americans have made in communities 
around the United States are to be commended. Greek-Americans commonly 
establish groups that form ties to maintain appreciation of their 
cultural heritage, provide opportunities for social interaction, while 
preserving traditions and the Greek language for future generations. 
Additionally, the contributions that Greek-Americans have made in the 
business community are unsurpassed. Through the utilization of the 
American tradition of small, family owned businesses the Greek-American 
community has prospered.
  Madam Speaker, the eighth congressional district of Maryland, which I 
represent, has the 17th largest population of Greek-Americans in the 
United States. I am proud of the contributions that these community 
leaders have made to Montgomery County and our nation. I join with them 
in celebrating Greek Independence Day and urge my colleagues to join me 
in recognizing the achievements of Greek-Americans.
  Mr. LANTOS. Madam Speaker, I rise today to join in marking the 180th 
anniversary of the independence of Greece today. The winning of 
independence almost two centuries ago marked the culmination of 
struggle of the Greek people to restore the ideals of democracy 
established by their ancestors.
  In 1821, under the leadership of Alexandros Ypsilantis, the Greek 
people fought together to establish Greek sovereignty. The courageous 
efforts of Ypsilantis planted a seed in the hearts of the Greek people. 
This seed grew into a flourishing movement that led to religious 
freedom, a reinvigorated sense of cultural and national identity, and 
the long awaited return to the democratic ideals born in Ancient 
Greece.
  Madam Speaker, while we are here today to pay tribute to the 
anniversary of Greek Independence, I want also to pay tribute to the 
Greek-American community, which offers us a cultural bridge between our 
two countries. This community justly takes pride that Greek ideals 
contributed to America's revolution even before the Greeks themselves 
had the opportunity to succeed in their campaign for freedom. It is 
important for us to commemorate this day together to reaffirm our 
common democratic heritage.
  The Founding Fathers of our nation were inspired and motivated by the 
Athenian model of democracy. In 370 B.C., Plato wrote in The Republic, 
``Democracy is a charming form of government, full of variety and 
disorder, and dispensing a kind of equality to equals and unequals 
alike.'' As participants in a representative democracy, those of us in 
this Congress recognize out great debt to the ancient Greek 
philosophers who provided much of the foundation of American democracy.
  Madam Speaker, I invite my colleagues to join me in observing Greek 
Independence Day. As a member of the Congressional Caucus on Hellenic 
Issues, I take this opportunity to salute the Greek people for their 
historic achievement of independence nearly two centuries ago, and I 
recommit myself to work for closer ties between the people of the 
United States and the people of Greece.
  Mr. NADLER. Madam Speaker, I rise today to commemorate Greek 
Independence Day. March 25, 2001 marks the 180th anniversary of the 
beginning of the revolution which freed the Greek people from the 
Ottoman Empire--a struggle that would last without relief for eight 
years.
  For nearly 400 years, Greece remained under the control of this 
oppressive regime. During this time, they were stripped of all civil 
rights. Their schools were closed down, their young boys were kidnapped 
and raised as Muslems to serve in the Turkish army, and millions of 
their people were executed as the Ottoman Empire sought to maintain 
control.
  But the people of Greece persevered. They began secretly educating 
their children in churches and chapels across the country. By the early 
1800's, the Greeks' desire for independence was fueled by this 
continued education. They became deeply interested in their ancient 
past and their folk culture. In 1814, Greek merchants in Odessa, 
Russia, formed the Friendly Society which eventually organized a 
movement against the Ottoman Turks that led to a Greek revolt. Fighting 
with what was once described as ``suicidal courage despite meager 
resources'', the Greeks won their independence after eight years of 
all-out war and four centuries of oppression.
  In their fight for independence, the Greeks looked to the American 
Revolution as their ideal, even translating the Declaration of 
Independence and using it as their own. In an 1821 address, Greek 
Commander in Chief Petros Mavromichalis said to American citizens, ``. 
. . it is in your land that liberty has fixed her abode . . . trusting 
that in imitating you, we shall imitate our ancestors and be thought 
worthy of them if we succeed in resembling you . . .''
  While the Greeks may have looked to the American Revolution as a 
blueprint for their own revolution, it is us, the citizens of the 
United States, who will forever be in debt to the Greeks. For it is 
they who forged the very notion of democracy. And without that notion, 
the United States may have never come to be what it is today. In the 
words of Thomas Jefferson, ``. . . to the ancient Greeks . . . we are 
all indebted for the light which led ourselves out of Gothic darkness . 
. .''
  It is my hope that the relationship between the people of Greece and 
the people of America will continue to advance our understanding of 
democracy and that the hardships experienced by those in both countries 
will offer hope to all nations struggling for justice today.
  I urge my colleagues to join me today in commending those of Greek 
heritage for all they have overcome and for all they have contributed 
in the hope of making the world around them better for everyone.
  Ms. SANCHEZ. Madam Speaker, I rise today to recognize the great 
nation of Greece and celebrate with its citizens 180 years of 
independence from the Ottoman Empire.
  When we think about democracy in Greece, inevitably our thoughts 
drift to the country's venerable ancients: Solon, the lawmaker who 
framed Athens' constitution; the philosopher Socrates and his disciple 
Plato; Pericles, the leader of democratic politics in Athens. These men 
helped shape our concepts of philosophy, art, science and drama. Their 
writings and teachings influenced generations of great thinkers and are 
still in use at colleges and universities around the world today. They 
provided the basis for our founding fathers' essays and treaties on 
life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
  However, despite the fact that these men helped develop the ideals of 
democracy that we Americans hold so dear, it was not until 1821 that 
the Greek people declared independence and moved from beneath the thumb 
of the Ottoman Empire. This movement marked the beginning of true 
democratic freedom within the modern nation of Greece, and it is this 
courageous action that we honor today.
  The rebellion began in March 1821 when Alexandros Ypsilantis, the 
leader of the revolutionary Philiki Etaireia crossed the Prut River 
into Turkish-held Moldavia with a small force of troops. Although 
Ypsilantis was defeated, his actions sparked a number of revolts 
against the Turks on March 25, 1821, the traditional date of Greek 
independence.
  The Greeks' struggle for freedom inspired many Americans, who left 
our country to fight for Greece's Independence. Our great Congress also 
sent money and supplies to assist in Greece's struggle for autonomy. 
And over the years, we have worked side-by-side with Greek leaders to 
oppose tyranny and oppression and advance the cause of democracy 
worldwide.
  But our ties with Greece do not end with this shared commitment to 
the principles of

[[Page H985]]

democracy. Indeed, today more than 1 million people of Greek descent 
live in the United States. These men and women have made innumerable 
contributions to our society and way of life, and for this we thank 
them.
  Colleagues, please join me in saluting the people of Greece for their 
tremendous commitment to democracy and the principles that helped to 
found our nation.
  Mrs. CAPPS. Madam Speaker, as a member of the Hellenic Caucus I am 
pleased to address the House in recognition of the 180th anniversary of 
the revolution that freed the Greek people from the Ottoman Empire. 
This Sunday, on March 25th, people of Greek heritage all over the world 
will celebrate Greek Independence Day.
  In 1821, the Greeks rose up against the oppressive Ottoman Empire, 
which had occupied Greece for nearly four centuries. This was the 
beginning of a successful struggle for freedom and independence. The 
Greek people sought the right to govern themselves and to determine 
their own destiny.
  It is important that we recognize this day not only because the Greek 
people are a vibrant community which has made lasting contributions to 
the United States, but also because the ancient Greeks forged the 
notion of democracy. They believed in the right of self-governance--one 
of the pillars of our great nation. In fact, when forming a fledgling 
democracy, our Founding Fathers relied heavily on the political wisdom 
of the ancient Greeks. Thomas Jefferson once called ancient Greece 
``the light which led ourselves out of Gothic darkness.''
  This day is doubly significant for many in Greece and for Greek-
Americans, because it was on this day in the Orthodox calendar that the 
archangel Gabriel appeared to Mary and announced that she was pregnant 
with the divine child. Churches in Greece celebrate the Festival of the 
Annunciation with pomp and circumstance, and Greek Independence Day is 
celebrated with parades and celebrations in cities across Greece and 
the United States.
  Greek Independence Day is historically significant in other ways as 
well. It marks the first major war of liberation after the American 
Revolution. It was also the first successful struggle for independence 
from the Ottoman Empire.
  Madam Speaker, I am pleased that we have taken time out today to 
recognize this very important day in Greek history.
  Mr. GEKAS. Madam Speaker, three years before Prince Ypsilantis and 
Archbishop Germanos embarked on thier crusades to liberate Greece from 
the Ottomans, the English poet Lord Byron released the fourth canto of 
his work Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. Two lines from that work resonate 
powerfully with me on this the 180th Greek Independence Day:

     ``Yet Freedom, yet thy banner, torn, but flying,
     Streams like the thunder-storm against the wind.''

  Of course, Bryon was a passionate philhellene who tirelessly promoted 
the cause of Greek independence. In fact, few may actually know, but 
the renowned romantic poet was named commander-in-chief of the Greek 
Army of Independence in January of 1824 in recognition of his enormous 
contributions to the cause of freedom and liberty for all Greeks.
  Byron eloquently conveyed the undying yearning for liberty that beat 
in the breast of every Greek two centuries ago. Like a call to arms, 
the words of his poems inflamed the spirit of Freedom within patriots 
throughout the Balkans. And, Byron's ability to recruit a regiment of 
liberation troops, and fund many others, served to take these 
emboldened men to victory. By 1829, the Ottoman sultan had been forced 
to sign the Treaty of Adrianople liberating Greece and insuring that 
the birthplace of democracy would be set on a path of democratic 
renewal herself.
  On this day every year, Greeks celebrate the momentous acts that led 
to the birth of the Hellenic Republic. Over one million Greek Americans 
join in that celebration. I am proud to do so this year, as well.
  Yet, I want to take this moment to thank and celebrate those 
Americans, Britons and others who adopted the cause of Greece as their 
own. While Lord Byron lost his life in the cause of Greek Independence, 
succumbing to an illness he recklessly disregarded earlier to join the 
Greek crusade, he was not the only philhellene to sacrifice greatly 
that the Greek people may live free of foreign tyranny. Without all of 
them, Greece would not have returned to the fold of free nations. 
Without them the land that birthed democracy, in a very real sense, 
would have died under the weight of foreign oppression.
  So on this joyful day, let me say thank you to the philhellenes, as a 
Greek American, and as one who cherishes the inalienable right of all 
men to live free.
  Madam Speaker, I submit a recitation of another poem. A poem the late 
Lord Byron wrote in lament of an enslaved Greece. Could the Commander 
in Chief have truly known how profoundly thankful generations to come 
would be for his words and deeds?

                          The Isles of Greece

                            (By Lord Byron)

     ``The isles of Greece, the isles of Greece!
     Where burning Sappho loved and sung,
     Where grew the arts of war and peace,
     Where Delos rose and Phoebus sprung!
     Eternal summer gilds them yet,
     But all, except their sun, is set.

     The Scian and the Teian muse,
     The hero's harp, the lover's lute,
     Have found the fame your shores refuse:
     Their place of birth alone is mute
     To sounds which echo further west
     Then your sires' `Islands of the Blest.'

     The mountains look on Marathon--
     And Marathon looks on to sea;
     And musing there an hour alone,
     I dream'd that Greece might still be free;
     For standing on the Persians' grave,
     I could not deem myself a slave.

     A king sate on the rocky brow
     Which looks o'er the sea-born Salamis;
     And ships, by thousands, lay below,
     And men in nations;--all were his!
     He counted them at break of day--
     And when the sun set where were they?

     And where are they? and where are thou,
     My country? On thy voiceless shore
     The heroic lay is tuneless now--
     The heroic bosom beats no more!
     And must thy lyre, so long devine,
     Degenerate into hands like mine?

     'Tis something, in the dearth of fame,
     Though link'd among a fetter'd race,
     To feel at least a patriot's shame,
     Even as I sing, suffuse my face;
     For what is left the poet here?
     For Greeks a blush--For Greece a tear.

     Must we but weep o'er days more blest?
     Must we but blush?--Our fathers bled.
     Earth! render back from out thy breast
     A remnant of our Spartan dead!
     Of the three hundred grant but three,
     To make a new Thermoplyae!

     What, silent still? and silent all?
     Ah! no;--the voices of the dead
     Sound like a distant torrent's fall,
     And answer, `Let one living head,
     But one arise,--we come, we come!'
     'Tis but the living who are dumb.

     In vain--in vain: strike other chords;
     Fill high the cup with Samian wine!
     Leave battles to the Turkish hordes,
     And shed the blood of Scio's vine!
     Hark! rising to the ignoble call--
     How answers each bold Bacchanal!

     You have the Pyrrhic dance as yet;
     Where is the Pyrrhic phalanx gone?
     Of two such lessons, why forget
     The nobler and the manlier one?
     You have the letters Cadmus gave--
     Think ye he meant them for a slave?

     Fill high the bowl with Samian wine!
     We will not think of themes like these!
     It made Anacreon's song devine:
     He served--but served Polycrates--
     A tyrant; but our masters then
     Were still, at least, our countrymen.

     The tyrant of the Chersonese
     Was freedom's best and bravest friend;
     That tyrant was Miltiades!
     Oh! that the present hour would lend
     Another despot of the kind!
     Such chains as his were sure to bind.

     Fill high the bowl with Samian wine!
     On Suli's rock, and Parga's shore,
     Exists the remnant of a line
     Such as the Doric mothers bore;
     And there, perhaps, some seed is sown,
     The Heracleidan blood might own.

     Trust not for freedom to the Franks--
     They have a king who buys and sells;
     In native swords, and native ranks,
     The only hope of courage dwells:
     But Turkish force, and Lation fraud,
     Would break your shield, however broad.

     Fill high the bowl with Samian wine!
     Our virgins dance beneath the shade--
     I see their glorious black eyes shine;
     But gazing on each glowing maid,
     My own the burning tear-drop laves,
     To think such breasts must suckle slaves.

     Place me on Sunium's marbled steep,
     Where nothing, saves the waves and I,
     May hear our mutual murmurs sweep;
     There, swan-like, let me sing and die:
     A land of slaves shall ne'er be mine--
     Dash down yon cup of Samian wine.''

  Mr. BAIRD. Madam Speaker, I rise today to take a moment to observe 
the 180th anniversary of Greek Independence Day. March 25th, 1821, 
marked the beginning of the revolution that freed the Greek people from 
the Ottoman Empire. Indeed, today should be a international celebration 
not just of Greek freedom and independence, but it should be a 
celebration democracy throughout the world.
  History tells us that it was the ancient Greeks who developed the 
concept of democracy. In itself, democracy was a revolutionary ideal, 
placing the power to govern in the hands of the people. After 2,500 
years, mankind is only beginning to grasp the magnitude of what the 
ancient Greeks achieved. Through dozens of generations, through the 
rise and fall of great empires, through wars and plagues, through 
depressions and economic revolutions, through the triumphs and travails 
of human affairs, one thing has endured: the dream of democracy.

[[Page H986]]

  Greek-Americans have enriched our country enormously, in every 
profession, in every region, in every walk of life. Cities across 
America take their names from such places as Athens and Corinth and 
Delphi and Sparta.
  And of course, our country would not exist if the ancient Greek city-
states had not developed the world's most revolutionary idea--
democracy. Our founding fathers studied history closely and revered 
deeply the works of the ancient Greeks. Thomas Jefferson, the author of 
the Declaration of Independence, once observed, ``Greece was the first 
of civilized nations, presenting examples of what man should be.''
  Although democracy is a significant common value that strengthens the 
bond between the United States and Greece, we must realize there is 
more to this relationship. Greece's major role in World War II provided 
tremendous setbacks to the Axis offensive. Furthermore, Greece remained 
an important ally throughout the Cold War and the struggle to promote 
our democratic values around the globe.
  Today, the United States and Greece are leaders in the pursuit to 
promote democracy, human rights, freedom, and peace. President Clinton 
referred to Greece as ``a beacon of democracy, a regional leader for 
stability, prosperity and freedom.''
  Greece has been a friend and ally for more than the last century and 
we will stand by her to peacefully resolve the situation in Cyprus and 
other challenges that the twenty-first century may bring.
  So today, I am proud to join with Greek Americans and the Greek 
people in celebration of Greek Independence Day, reaffirming the 
democratic principles from which our two nations were born and which 
have shaped our world. America and Greece have special responsibilities 
in this quest--the United States as the world's strongest democracy, 
Greece as the world's first. But if we engage fully in the changing 
world beyond our borders, we can build a future in which all nations 
enjoy prosperity, democracy, and peace.
  Mr. COYNE. Madam Speaker, I am honored today to join in this special 
order commemorating the 180th anniversary of Greece's independence from 
the Ottoman Empire.
  180 years ago, in 1831, Greek patriots rose up against their Ottoman 
overlords in a long and bloody revolution that lasted nearly eight 
years. The cause of Greek independence required great courage, 
perseverance and sacrifice. The Greek people experienced frequent 
adversity and hardships, but their struggle continued. Many brave men 
and women lost their lives in this fight, and freedom was not won 
without considerable cost. In the end, however, the Greek people never 
wavered in their struggle for freedom, and the land that was once the 
cradle of democracy was again free.
  This day is very special to the people of America because Greece and 
the United States have much in common. Our shared democratic ideals 
have formed a basis for a strong and sustained friendship. Furthermore, 
the writings of early Greek philosophers like Plato and Polybius were 
adopted by many patriots of the American Revolution, who used their 
words as inspiration. Even today, Greece remains one of our most loyal 
partners and democratic allies in the global community.
  In recognition of this historic event, the House has repeatedly 
observed this annual commemoration of Greek independence. Recently, the 
Senate passed a resolution designating March 25, 2001, as ``Greek 
Independence Day: A National Day of Celebration of Greek and American 
democracy''.
  Madam Speaker, it is only appropriate that we recognize these Greek 
patriots who shed blood for the same principles of freedom and self-
government that inspired the patriots of our own revolution here in 
America. Consequently, it is appropriate that all of us, as Americans, 
share in the celebration of this momentous occasion. I am honored to 
join my colleagues in commemorating the 180th anniversary of Greek 
independence.
  Mr. MENENDEZ. Madam Speaker, I rise today to honor the 180th 
Anniversary of Greek Independence Day. The annual celebration 
commemorates the day the Greek people took up arms against the Ottoman 
Empire in 1821. And today, it stands as the defining moment in the 
establishment and preservation of modern democratic ideals espoused by 
Greek society.
  The Greek and American people share a common heritage that cannot be 
overlooked. The foundation of America's democracy is based on the 
democratic principles established by the ancient Greeks. The political 
and philosophical beliefs of the ancient Greeks enabled our Founding 
Fathers to craft a Constitution and to establish a government that 
holds high the ideals of equality and justice. During its struggle for 
independence, Greece looked to the Declaration of Independence and the 
American Revolution for inspiration.
  The annual Greek Independence Day parade will be held on Sunday, 
March 25, 2001. On that day, the streets of New York City will overflow 
with the pride and passion of the Greek-American community. Greek 
Independence Day is not only significant because it marks the beginning 
of the liberation of Greece from Ottoman rule, but also because it 
presents an opportunity for all Greek-Americans to reflect on the 
important economic and cultural contributions their community has made 
to American society.
  It is especially comforting to see the support and guidance that the 
National Coordinated Effort of Helenes and the Federation of Hellenic 
Societies, as well as other Greek-American organizations provide their 
community members--ensuring that past accomplishments are celebrated 
and commemorated, while also ensuring future success by providing 
opportunities for advancement in education and the workplace.
  Today, I ask my colleagues to join me in honoring Greek Independence 
Day and the common democratic heritage of Greeks and Americans.
  Mr. WAXMAN. Madam Speaker, I am pleased to join my colleagues in 
celebrating 180 years of Greek Independence.
  March 25, the official Greek independence day, is a proud day for 
Greeks across the world. It is a powerful reminder of the strength and 
determination inspired by the ideals of freedom and self governance, 
and an important opportunity for Congress to rise and recognize the 
shared values and goals between Greece and the United States.
  Greece is a remarkable country with an exceptional past and a 
tremendous future. Its proud heritage as the ancient founder of 
democracy has evolved with great accomplishments like the war of 
independence, membership in NATO, and partnership in the European 
Union.
  I join my colleagues in recognition of this special occasion and the 
strong U.S.-Greece relationship. The ties between our two countries are 
underscored by strategic economic, military, and diplomatic ties, and 
are continually enhanced by the activism of vibrant Hellenic-American 
communities across the United States.

                          ____________________